61:'s extended peer community argues for two kind of extensions: first, more than one discipline is assumed to have a potential bearing on the issue being debated, thereby providing different lenses to consider the problem. Second the community is extended to lay actors, taken to be all those with stakes, or an interest, in the given issue.
76:, who discusses the Cumbrian sheep farmers' interaction with scientists and authorities, mobilizing farmers' knowledge of the relevant situation (acid upland moors retaining radioactive deposition from fallout longer than the lowland Oxfordshire meadows on which the official parameters were based).
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The lay members of the community thus constituted may also take upon themselves active 'research' tasks; this has happened e.g. in the so-called 'popular epidemiology', when the official authorities have shown reluctance to perform investigations deemed necessary by the communities affected - for
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Funtowicz, S. O. and Ravetz, J. R., 1991. "A New
Scientific Methodology for Global Environmental Issues", in Costanza, R. (ed.), Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability: 137–152. New York: Columbia University
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Carrozza, C. 2015. “Democratizing
Expertise and Environmental Governance: Different Approaches to the Politics of Science and Their Relevance for Policy Analysis.” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 17 (1):
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Funtowicz, S. O. and Ravetz, J. R., 1992. "Three types of risk assessment and the emergence of postnormal science", in
Krimsky, S. and Golding, D. (eds.), Social theories of risk: 251–273. Westport, Connecticut:
69:’. The extended community can usefully investigate the quality of the scientific assessments provided by the experts, the definition of the problem, as well as research priorities and research questions.
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Wynne, Brian. 1992. Uncertainty and
Environmental Learning, Reconceiving Science and Policy in the Preventive Paradigm. Global Environmental Change 2 (2):111–127. doi:10.1016/0959-3780(92)90017-2.
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The concept of extended peer community was developed in the context of politicised quality controversies in science (such as 'housewife' or 'popular' epidemiology ), early
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is intended by its creators as an arrangement at the science policy interface that helps to expand and assess both the knowledge-base and the value-base of policy-making'.
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Fjelland, R. 2016. When
Laypeople Are Right and Experts Are Wrong: Lessons from Love Canal. International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry 22 (1):105–125.
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is intended by these authors as a space where both credentialed experts from different disciplines and lay stakeholders can discuss and deliberate.
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27:, and in particular the use of science in the solution of social, political or ecological problems. It was first introduced by in the 1990s by
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Wynne, B. 1992. “Misunderstood
Misunderstanding: Social Identities and Public Uptake of Science.” Public Understanding of Science 1: 281–304.
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324:"Claiming and Adjudicating on Mt Kilimanjaro's Shrinking Glaciers: Guy Callendar, Al Gore and Extended Peer Communities"
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House of Lords
Communications and Digital Select Committee inquiry: Large language model (LLM0015). (2023).
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Brown, Phil. 1997. Popular
Epidemiology Revisited. Current Sociology 45 (3). SAGE Publications:137–156.
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Funtowicz, S. and Ravetz, J., 1993. "Science for the post-normal age", Futures, 31(7): 735-755.
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have been suggested to tackle the debate on the policy and regulation of
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example - by a case of air or water pollution, and more recently ‘
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An example of extended peer community in action is offered by
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https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/124038/pdf/
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