239:, who has a history of her own with the building, Mr. Black ends his travels with Oskar, who struggles with his departure. He tries to visit Mr. Black again later but finds out he has moved house, presumably to be with Ruth, and is selling his apartment, leaving behind a card for Oskar, reading "Oskar Schell: Son". Eight months after Oskar initially met Abby, he finds a message from her on the answering machine. Oskar had not touched that phone since his father died because his father's last words had been on an identical answering machine which Oskar had kept hidden from his mother. Oskar finds out that Abby called him directly after his visit, saying she was not completely honest with him and might be able to help. Oskar returns to Abby's apartment after listening to this message, and Abby directs him to her ex-husband, William Black.
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in World War II, his first love, and his marriage to Oskar's grandmother. The letters written by Oskar's grandmother explain her past in meeting Oskar's grandfather, the trouble in their relationship, and how important Oskar is to her. Upon learning of his son's death, Oskar's grandfather promptly returns to New York and tracks down Oskar and his grandmother. His grandmother decides to let him live with her in her apartment temporarily, which results in them becoming intimate, and he watches over Oskar from afar before meeting him. Shortly after burying the letters with Oskar, his grandfather returns to the airport where Oskar's grandmother follows him. After discussing the war, losing their loved ones and their marriage, they decide to stay in the airport for a while.
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the story of the last answering machine message Oskar received from his father, during the attack of 9/11. Disappointed that the key does not belong to him, Oskar then gives
William the key and goes home angry and sad, not interested in the contents of the box. Oskar also discovers that his mother knew about his activities the entire time and was contacting everyone with the name Black in New York City. After the first few visits she called every Black that he would meet and informed them that Oskar was going to visit and why. In response, the people Oskar met knew ahead of time why he was coming and usually treated him in a friendly manner.
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father's grave. Contemplating on what to put into the empty coffin, "the renter" decides to bury various letters that he had written to his unborn son. Shortly after returning home, Oskar reconciles with his mother and vows to become better and allow for her to find happiness again, and she tells him how Oskar's father lied to her in his last call, telling her that he was coming home, to assure her not to worry over his death. Before going to bed, Oskar takes out his binder and proceeds to rearrange the pages in reverse in an attempt to relive the last few hours with his father and achieve closure.
282:, origamist, and amateur archaeologist. He often contemplates deeper topics and shows great empathy beyond what the average 9-year-old might have. His thoughts have a tendency to trail off into far-flung ideas, such as ambulances that alert passersby to the severity of their passengers' conditions and plantlike skyscrapers, and he has several assorted hobbies and collections. He is very trusting of strangers and makes friends easily, though he does not have many friends his own age. In the film it is alluded that he has
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phone call from a friend: "He said, 'You have to turn on the TV, a plane has crashed into the World Trade Center.' And then he said, 'I think it's going to be a very strange day.'" In another interview, Foer said, "I think it's a greater risk not to write about . If you're in my position—a New Yorker who felt the event very deeply and a writer who wants to write about things he feels deeply about—I think it's risky to avoid what's right in front of you."
312:, Thomas Schell Sr. (also referred to as "the renter") is an important character in the story, even though he does not physically meet Oskar until the book's end. After the death of his first love, Anna, Oskar's grandfather loses his voice completely and consequently tattoos the words "yes" and "no" on his hands. He carries around a "daybook" where he writes phrases he cannot speak aloud. He marries Anna's younger sister, Oskar's grandmother.
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396:, "If there was one thing writers agreed about in response to 9/11, it was the failure of language; the terrorist attacks made the tools of their trade seem absurd." There was a desire to write about the experience, to recognize the individual impact, as well as the greater social impact, while appreciating the mourning of the country, but many authors found it difficult to do so.
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that trauma brings on its floodtide.... It's hard to believe that such an inherently sad story could be so entertaining, but Foer's writing lightens the load." Sam Munson, in a review of two novels on catastrophe claimed, "Foer has a natural gift for choosing subjects of great import and then pitching his distinctive voice sharply enough to be heard above their historical din."
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could be a story; maybe it would be nothing. I found myself spending more and more time on it and wanting to work on that". On the challenges of writing a novel in a child's voice, Foer responded, "It's not the voice of a child exactly," adding that "in order to create this thing that feels most real, it's usually not by actually giving the most accurate presentation of it."
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meeting, Oskar had only heard of the old man's existence from his grandmother who referred to him as the new tenant in her apartment. The reader learns towards the end of the book that "the renter" is actually Oskar's grandfather, who abandoned his grandmother while she was pregnant with Thomas, though Oskar does not realise the connection.
292:, Linda Schell, referred to as "Mom" by Oskar in the book, cares for her family greatly. After Thomas's death, Linda tells Oskar "I won't fall in love again." Though it is implied that she knows Oskar is running around the city meeting strangers, she nevertheless allows him to do so in order to discover more about his father.
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223:, panic attacks, and depression. He often describes the feeling of depression as wearing heavy boots, and deals with this by giving himself bruises. His relationship with his mother has also become strained, particularly as she has started dating a man named Ron, whom Oskar resents for having replaced his father.
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and that Oskar goes through after the loss of his father. They argue that Oskar has a simultaneous death wish and extreme need for self-preservation: This theme is echoed in Thomas Schell, Sr.'s pronounced survivor guilt and Oskar's grandmother's well-disguised inability to cope with her trauma. They
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Jonathan Safran Foer's inspiration for his main character came when having difficulty with another project. In an interview, Foer stated, "I was working on another story and I just started to feel the drag of it. And so, as a side project, I got interested in the voice of this kid. I thought maybe it
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One day, in his father's closet, Oskar finds a key in a small envelope inside a vase that he accidentally broke; in the keyshop he finds the name Black and thinks this has something to do with the key. Curious, Oskar sets out on a mission to contact every person in New York City with the last name of
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Authors began producing 9/11 novels as early as 2002 as a way of recognizing the tragedy. Jonathan Safran Foer's novel was one of many that confronted the aftermath of the attacks through the eyes of a New Yorker. However, 9/11 fiction is not only a new subgenre, but a new struggle for many authors.
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is an elderly man who is one hundred and three years of age, who lives in the same apartment building as Oskar, and joins him for some of his journey. Prior to meeting Oskar, Mr. Black had not left his apartment in twenty-four years, after having had a rather adventurous life. He is nearly deaf, and
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the day of the attacks. Oskar remembers him as caring, smelling of aftershave and always humming the song "I Am the Walrus" by The
Beatles. Thomas Schell organizes several expeditions for Oskar, such as a game to find an object from every decade of the past century. These adventures with his father
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The novel has a parallel narrative that eventually converges with the main story. This narrative is portrayed through a series of letters written by Oskar's grandfather to Oskar's father Thomas, and by Oskar's grandmother to Oskar himself. The letters written by Oskar's grandfather explain his past
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When Oskar talks to
William, he learns that the key once belonged to William's father. In his will, William's father left William a key to a safe-deposit box, but William had already sold the vase at the estate sale to Thomas Schell. Then, Oskar tells William something that he "never told anyone" –
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stated that "Safran Foer is describing a suffering that spreads across continents and generations" and that the "book is a heartbreaker: tragic, funny, intensely moving". "Foer's excellent second novel vibrates with the details of a current tragedy but successfully explores the universal questions
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Foer combined the character he had been developing with the 9/11-centered plot. He created the story line from his personal experiences and reactions regarding the terrorist attacks on 9/11. Foer was sleeping off jet lag after returning to New York City from a trip to Spain, when he was woken by a
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Resolving to try to move on from his father's death, Oskar bonds with Ron after finding out that he met his mother at a support group after having lost his wife and daughter in a car accident. On the second anniversary of his father's death, Oskar meets with "the renter" and they go to dig up his
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is a kind woman who is very protective of Oskar. She calls out to him often, and Oskar always responds with "I'm okay" out of habit. When she arrived in the United States, she read as many magazines as she could to integrate herself into the culture and language. As Anna's (Oskar's grandfather's
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claims "Foer nimbly explores the misunderstandings that compound when grief silences its victims." The novel makes sense of and provides a way of moving on from the grief of the specific catastrophe. "Few works of literature have succeeded in drawing lasting meaning, whole or fragmentary, from
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One of the first people Oskar meets is a 48-year-old woman named Abby Black. Oskar and Abby instantly become friends, but she has no information on the key. Oskar continues to search the city. Toward the end of his journey Oskar meets an old man he calls "the renter" because until the point of
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Foer's novel was one of the most popular and widely read novels of this post 9/11 fiction subgenre. Because of its great popularity, its message had a greater impact than many novels of its kind. Apart from the terrorist attacks of
September 11, the novel also sheds light on the experience of
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said, "While it contains moments of shattering emotion and stunning virtuosity that attest to Mr. Foer's myriad gifts as a writer, the novel as a whole feels simultaneously contrived and improvisatory, schematic and haphazard." Kakutani also stated the book was "cloying" and identified the
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include trauma, mourning, family, and the struggle between self-destruction and self-preservation. Sien
Uytterschout and Kristiaan Versluys have examined the specific types of trauma and recuperative measures that Oskar's grandmother and grandfather go through after the
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473:, found the novel to be "thinner, overextended, and sentimentally watery," compared to Foer's first novel. He stated, "the book's hyperactive visual surface covers up a certain hollow monotony in its verbal drama." In a review for
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The book spans many months of Oskar's journey, some of which he is accompanied by his eccentric elderly neighbour, Mr. A. Black, and they develop a close friendship. After meeting with a woman named Ruth in the
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Foer utilizes the child narrator in an attempt to connect with that struggle. The struggle of the child to understand the trauma is reflective of the struggle many faced after the trauma of the 9/11 attacks.
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Despite several unfavorable reviews, the novel was viewed positively by several critics. Foer's child narrator was featured in a critical article titled "Ten of the Best Child
Narrators" by John Mullan of
461:(4.0 out of 5) based on critic reviews with the critical summary stating, "Many admire Foer’s reach for something grand, even as they acknowledge that he hasn’t fully accomplished his task in this novel".
425:, based mostly on American publications, the book received "mixed" reviews based on thirteen critic reviews with one being "rave" and two being "positive" and six being "mixed" and four being "pan". On
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is
William Black's ex-wife. She is forty-eight years old and lives by herself. She is friendly and welcoming to Oskar when he arrives at her house, though she does decline Oskar's offer of a kiss.
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unsympathetic main character as a major issue. The topic of the child narrator is a contentious one. Many critics found the child narrator to be unbelievable and not relatable.
191:. The book's narrator is a nine-year-old boy named Oskar Schell. In the story, Oskar discovers a key in a vase that belonged to his father, a year after he is killed in the
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also argue that though Oskar's journey to "find" his father does not help him get over his traumatic experience, it does allow him to grow closer to his mother.
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first love) younger sister, she enters into a tumultuous marriage with Oskar's grandfather, and the couple breaks up before the events of the novel.
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is an absent character. She is Oskar's grandfather's first love. Oskar's grandfather falls in love with her instantly. She dies in the
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Black in the hope of finding the lock that belongs to the key his father left behind, creating a binder with mementos of his journey.
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278:. He is an eccentric, intelligent, and clever young boy who self-identifies as a number of things including inventor, amateur
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429:, the book received a 63 out of 100 based on 30 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". On
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Vanderwees, Chris. "Photographs of
Falling Bodies and the Ethics of Vulnerability in Jonathan Safran Foer's
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style animation of a photograph of a man falling from the World Trade Center, derived from a photograph by
219:. The novel begins after the tragedy, with Oskar narrating. Since his father's death, Oskar struggles with
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of World War II after telling Oskar's grandfather of her pregnancy. She is Oskar's grandmother's sister.
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July/August 2005 issue, a magazine that aggregates critic reviews of books, the book received a
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195:. The discovery inspires Oskar to search all around New York for information about the key and
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cries after Oskar turns on his hearing aids after a "long time" where he was unable to hear.
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A film adaptation of the novel was released on
January 20, 2012. The script was written by
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Everybody Is
Different: A Book for Young People Who Have Brothers or Sisters With Autism
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818:"Melancholy and Mourning in Jonathan Safran Foer's Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close"
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566:, it was one of the top one hundred banned and challenged books between 2010 and 2019.
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1114:"Stephen Daldry to direct 'Extremely Loud': Project based on a Sept. 11-themed novel"
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ALA Outstanding Books for the College Bound (Literature & Language Arts, 2009)
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is the doorman in the building Oskar lives in. He alerts Oskar when he has mail.
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Despite the above, the book has frequently been challenged. According to the
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is one of them, providing a tool to create understanding of grief and loss."
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Oskar Schell is a nine-year-old boy whose father, Thomas Schell, died in the
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334:, Thomas Schell, dies before the events of the book begin, having been in
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864:
Miller, Rebecca (March 1, 2005). "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close".
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Mullan, John (2009-12-19). "Review: Ten of the Best Child Narrators".
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winner Thomas Horn, 12, as Oskar Schell. The film was produced by
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Freaks, Geeks, and Asperger Syndrome: A User Guide to Adolescence
1132:"Hanks and Bullock Getting Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close"
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are one of the reasons Oskar begins his journey about the key.
961:"Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close By Jonathan Safran Foer"
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170:
2198:
Aspergirls: Empowering Females with Asperger's Syndrome
2188:
The Accidental Teacher: Life Lessons from My Silent Son
636:
List of cultural references to the September 11 attacks
262:. The animation makes the man appear to fall upwards.
1090:"Top 100 Most Banned and Challenged Books: 2010-2019"
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Sien Uytterschout; Kristaan Versluys (May 15, 2008).
538:
Libraires du Québec (Lauréat Roman hors Québec, 2007)
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392:Richard Gray stated in his book on 9/11 literature
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2299:The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
784:"Jonathan Safran Foer: living to tell the tale"
723:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 237–368.
881:
879:
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2401:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
2050:Maia Chung Autism and Disabilities Foundation
1241:
1088:Office of Intellectual Freedom (2020-09-09).
8:
1701:Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative
1152:"'Jeopardy!' Wiz Kid Lands Lead in WB Movie"
886:Munson, Sam (May 2005). "In the Aftermath".
811:
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576:Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (film)
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32:Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (film)
1676:Association for Science in Autism Treatment
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409:modernity's string of catastrophes... but
125:368 pp (hardback & paperback editions)
36:
1959:Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee
833:
1194:review by Harry Siegel in New York Press
1192:Extremely Cloying & Incredibly False
777:
775:
773:
404:terrible tragedy. Rebecca Miller of the
2044:Autistic Society of Trinidad and Tobago
1768:Center for Autism and Related Disorders
1625:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
906:"Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close"
711:
1008:A Boy's Epic Quest, Borough by Borough
752:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp.
38:Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
2459:Novels about the September 11 attacks
2411:Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
1977:National Database for Autism Research
1969:National Alliance for Autism Research
1696:National Alliance for Autism Research
1564:Relationship development intervention
1454:Picture exchange communication system
1059:"Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close"
931:"Extremely Loud And Incredibly Close"
669:Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
508:Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
411:Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
375:Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
276:Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
184:Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
7:
1801:Eden II School for Autistic Children
1175:of Foer following release of novel,
527:The Morning News Tournament of Books
274:is the nine-year-old protagonist of
853:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 1.
748:Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close
721:Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close
700:Canadian Review of American Studies
696:Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close
521:International Dublin Literary Award
436:
18:Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close
2449:American novels adapted into films
2028:Autism Resource Centre (Singapore)
510:received the following accolades:
27:2005 novel by Jonathan Safran Foer
25:
1973:National Council on Severe Autism
1141:, ComingSoon.net, August 23, 2010
1057:Miller, Rebecca (March 1, 2005).
558:V&A Illustration Award (2005)
2355:Ian's Walk: A Story about Autism
835:10.1111/j.1600-0730.2008.00927.x
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
117:Print (hardback & paperback)
43:
2268:Son-Rise: The Miracle Continues
1944:Daniel Jordan Fiddle Foundation
1818:New England Center for Children
2454:Novels by Jonathan Safran Foer
1982:The Autism Community in Action
1924:Autistic Self Advocacy Network
744:Safran Foer, Jonathan (2005).
719:Safran Foer, Jonathan (2006).
199:following his father's death.
1:
1736:Conditions and research areas
1544:Gluten-free, casein-free diet
1519:Auditory integration training
533:The New York Times Bestseller
30:For the film adaptation, see
2084:Autism Awareness Campaign UK
1914:Autism Network International
1630:Structured teaching (TEACCH)
1478:Cognitive behavioral therapy
1219:– review by Michel Faber in
1200:– review by Laura Miller in
1094:American Library Association
564:American Library Association
545:ALA Notable Books for Adults
2464:Novels set in New York City
1574:Sensory integration therapy
1210:– review by B. R. Myers in
1040:Wearing heavy boots lightly
517:'s "Books to Remember" list
2495:
2001:Domus Instituto de Autismo
1954:Interactive Autism Network
1460:Pivotal response treatment
1312:World Autism Awareness Day
573:
101:1 April 2005 (1st edition)
29:
2360:Marcelo in the Real World
2176:
2165:
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2104:National Autistic Society
1990:
1939:Centro Ponceño de Autismo
1929:Autism Society of America
1919:Autism Science Foundation
1874:
1863:
1731:
1691:Kennedy Krieger Institute
1686:Autism Science Foundation
1681:Autism Research Institute
1657:
1646:
1554:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
1539:Facilitated communication
1465:Positive behavior support
1438:Applied behavior analysis
1406:Psychotropic medication (
1401:
1388:
1384:
1335:Autism in popular culture
1264:
1198:Terror Comes to Tiny Town
42:
2228:Like Colour to the Blind
1834:Sunfield Children's Home
1472:Early Start Denver Model
612:starred, alongside 2010
555:25 Favorite Books (2005)
2203:Autism's False Prophets
2148:Luke Priddis Foundation
1846:Western Autistic School
1706:Yale Child Study Center
1444:Discrete trial training
529:(Quarterfinalist, 2006)
515:New York Public Library
2469:Houghton Mifflin books
2193:Animals in Translation
1886:Autism rights movement
1722:Autism Research Centre
1528:Judge Rotenberg Center
1483:Social skills training
1307:Communication Shutdown
1119:The Hollywood Reporter
849:Gray, Richard (2011).
702:. 45.2 (2015): 171–94.
254:The final pages are a
2046:(Trinidad and Tobago)
1796:Alpine Learning Group
1208:A Bag of Tired Tricks
1178:Mother Jones Magazine
663:Foer, Jonathan Safran
237:Empire State Building
2444:2005 American novels
2208:Extreme Love: Autism
2079:The Autism Directory
1610:Occupational therapy
1534:Chelation of mercury
1340:Fictional characters
1038:Olivia Glazebrook, "
1026:The Guardian (London
1006:Kakutani, Michiko. "
782:Shenk, Joshua Wolf.
673:. Houghton Mifflin.
336:1 World Trade Center
320:Dresden firebombings
193:September 11 attacks
189:Jonathan Safran Foer
56:Jonathan Safran Foer
2391:Autism in Adulthood
1995:Centro Ann Sullivan
1160:, December 15, 2010
310:Oskar's grandfather
296:Oskar's grandmother
187:is a 2005 novel by
176:PS3606.O38 E97 2005
39:
2474:Books about autism
2365:Rage: A Love Story
2343:For younger people
2329:The Winter Journey
2263:Somebody Somewhere
2233:Look Me in the Eye
2218:In a Different Key
2128:Aspies For Freedom
1345:Films about autism
1157:Deadline Hollywood
1137:2012-01-13 at the
1012:The New York Times
621:Paramount Pictures
476:The New York Times
217:September 11, 2001
213:World Trade Center
138:(hardback edition)
2479:Postmodern novels
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2258:The Reason I Jump
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2022:Action for Autism
2010:
2009:
1949:Generation Rescue
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1812:Exceptional Minds
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1350:Circle of Friends
1217:A tower of babble
997:, March 14, 2005.
763:978-0-618-71165-9
730:978-0-618-71165-9
680:978-0-618-71165-9
417:Critical response
209:terrorist attacks
180:
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106:Publication place
62:Cover artist
16:(Redirected from
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2406:Molecular Autism
2243:My Autobiography
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1823:Pathlight School
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1964:LENA Foundation
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1600:ADHD medication
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1297:Autism-friendly
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995:The New Yorker
991:Mixed Messages
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941:on 29 Jul 2009
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851:After the Fall
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971:on 9 Sep 2015
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136:0-618-32970-6
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2089:Autism Cymru
1891:Wrong Planet
1806:ESPA College
1502:PLAY Project
1417:Aripiprazole
1330:Autistic art
1221:The Guardian
1220:
1212:The Atlantic
1211:
1201:
1176:
1155:
1146:
1127:
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1112:Kit, Borys.
1108:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1066:
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1025:
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994:
985:
973:. Retrieved
969:the original
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943:. Retrieved
939:the original
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913:. Retrieved
909:
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796:. Retrieved
791:
788:Mother Jones
787:
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699:
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656:Bibliography
647:
640:
625:Warner Bros.
614:
598:John Goodman
579:
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2314:Mockingbird
2309:House Rules
2278:Switched On
2273:Strange Son
2248:NeuroTribes
2181:Non-fiction
2150:(Australia)
2094:Autism Plus
1848:(Australia)
1825:(Singapore)
1741:Researchers
1584:Vitamin B12
1549:Hug machine
1422:Risperidone
1376:KultureCity
894:(5): 80–85.
602:Viola Davis
465:John Updike
349:Buckminster
303:Mr A. Black
260:Lyle Owerko
2438:Categories
2319:Saving Max
2171:Literature
1431:Behavioral
1099:2021-06-20
975:14 January
945:14 January
935:Metacritic
915:16 January
910:Book Marks
888:Commentary
707:References
588:directed.
427:Metacritic
423:Book Marks
356:Background
326:Abby Black
266:Characters
2304:Dear John
2124:(Denmark)
2099:Autistica
2052:(Jamaica)
2037:Caribbean
1605:Melatonin
1498:Floortime
1395:Therapies
1290:Awareness
1259:resources
1173:Interview
1073:March 15,
1044:Spectator
965:Bookmarks
798:March 15,
642:Here I Am
617:Kids Week
615:Jeopardy!
590:Tom Hanks
582:Eric Roth
503:Reception
495:Spectator
431:Bookmarks
256:flip-book
164:813/.6 22
86:Publisher
2379:Journals
2003:(Mexico)
1900:Americas
1662:Research
1579:Son-Rise
1569:Secretin
1204:magazine
1202:New York
1135:Archived
872:(4): 78.
665:(2005).
630:See also
221:insomnia
203:Synopsis
151:57319795
70:Language
65:Jon Gray
2292:Fiction
2141:Oceania
2024:(India)
1788:Schools
1754:Therapy
1652:Centers
1593:Related
1322:Culture
1279:history
1274:outline
1186:Reviews
1069:(4): 78
754:288–368
211:on the
197:closure
73:English
2386:Autism
2060:Europe
1997:(Peru)
1770:(CARD)
1474:(ESDM)
1456:(PECS)
1448:Lovaas
1440:(ABA)
1269:Autism
1257:Autism
760:
727:
677:
584:, and
547:(2006)
369:Themes
284:Autism
52:Author
2370:Rules
2109:Sacar
1814:(USA)
1480:(CBT)
122:Pages
81:Novel
78:Genre
2015:Asia
1842:(UK)
1836:(UK)
1808:(UK)
1724:(UK)
1075:2012
977:2023
947:2023
917:2024
800:2012
758:ISBN
725:ISBN
675:ISBN
623:and
608:and
343:Stan
316:Anna
145:OCLC
131:ISBN
1067:130
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892:119
870:130
830:doi
794:(3)
698:."
215:on
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2067:UK
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