Glasses - Knowledge

1044: 3372:(History of Eyeglasses) From pp. 266–267 (translated): "3. Do the Europeans have the Chinese to thank for eyeglasses? ... Messrs. Scrini and Fortin in Paris have asserted this recently with the words: 'One knows, on the other hand, that when Marco Polo went to China, he learned that for a very long time already, the inhabitants had been using eyeglasses.' This assertion lacked any substantiation. So I have closely perused the German translation of 'the books of Marco Polo' (2nd ed., Leipzig 1855) once again as well as carefully compared to the original text (the book of Marco Polo by Pauthier, Paris 1865, 2 volumes): not a syllable about eyeglasses in China is found therein. Our highly esteemed Sinologist, Prof. Graube, had the kindness to peruse also the English edition (by Yule, London 1875), with the same negative result. Thus the sentence of Messrs. Scrini and Fortin is to be crossed out; this error may not be the only one to have infiltrated the literature." 2150:

detail, has not yet become accessible to me. I, therefore, limit my criticism of it as far as possible and prefer to prove, by means of new material from Chinese literature, that the view of the original invention of spectacles in India is the greatest probability. HIRSCHBERG theory is highly unlikely, as all previous experience has shown and contradicts analogies in cultural history and in the history of inventions in particular; Crystal spectacles appear in the European Middle Ages, in India, and in China, and from the historical point of view one can suppose from the outset that these inventions did not occur independently in each of these three cultural groups, but that a historical connection is here present.

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all". Pullin uses the example of spectacles, traditionally categorized as a medical device for "patients", and outlines how they are now described as eyewear: a fashionable accessory. Much like other fashion designs and accessories, eyewear is created by designers, has reputable labels, and comes in collections, by season and designer. In recent years, it has become more common for consumers to purchase eyewear with non-prescription lenses as a fashion accessory.

972: 532: 2939:(New York: Russell & Russell, Inc.) vol. 2. Part 5, Ch. IV, p. 582. From p. 582: "For we can so shape transparent bodies, and arrange them in such a way with respect to our sight and objects of vision, that the rays will be refracted and bent in any direction we desire, and under any angle, we wish we shall see the object near or at a distance. Thus from an incredible distance we might read the smallest letters and number grains of dust and sand ..." 476: 60: 639: 1302: 437: 381: 1331: 251: 4293: 1534: 4032: 2924:(On the rainbow) in Latin, p. 389: "This part of perspective, if perfectly understood, shows us how to make nearby objects appear very small, and how to make a small object placed at a distance appear as large as we wish, so that it would be possible to read minute letters from incredible distances or count sand, seeds, blades of grass, or any minute objects." 745:

computers does not lead to eye diseases, including macular degeneration. The total amount of light entering the eyes can be adjusted without glasses using the screen brightness settings. Similarly, the blue light can often specifically be adjusted using the "night mode" of different operating systems, which can usually be activated outside of nighttime hours.

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I am interested in the remarks of Prof. J. HIRSCHBERG on the "History of the Invention of Glasses" published in the last issue of this journal (Volume VI, pp. 221–223) and the subsequent discussion by Prof. GÜPPERT. The book by HIRSCHBERG mentioned therein, in which his theory should be presented in

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alloys that return to their correct shape after being bent. Other frames have spring-loaded hinges. Either of these designs offer dramatically better ability to withstand the stresses of daily wear and the occasional accident. Modern frames are also often made from strong, lightweight materials such

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Yellow-tinted glasses are a type of glasses with a minor yellow tint. They perform a slight color correction, on top of reducing eyestrain from lack of blinking. They may also be considered minor corrective non-prescription glasses. Depending on the company, these computer or gaming glasses can also

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For most of their history, eyeglasses were seen as unfashionable, and carried several potentially negative connotations: wearing glasses caused individuals to be stigmatized and stereotyped as pious clergymen, as those in religious vocation were the most likely to be literate and therefore the most

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first. This means that Americans who lose or break their glasses may be unable to see well until they can get, and pay for, an appointment with an optometrist. In most of the world, someone who has lost their glasses merely goes to the nearest store selling glasses and buys a replacement over the

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Graham Pullin describes how devices for disability, like glasses, have traditionally been designed to camouflage against the skin and restore ability without being visible. In the past, design for disability has "been less about projecting a positive image as about trying not to project an image at

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cable of coiled metal, sometimes inside a plastic or silicone sleeve. The tightness of the curl can be adjusted along its whole length, allowing the back to fit the wearer's ear curve perfectly. Used for physically active wearers, children, and people with high prescriptions (heavy lenses). See the

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Corrective lenses can be produced in many different shapes from a circular lens called a lens blank. Lens blanks are cut to fit the shape of the frame that will hold them. Frame styles vary and fashion trends change over time, resulting in a multitude of lens shapes. For lower power lenses, there

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Safety glasses are worn to protect the eyes in various situations. They are made with break-proof plastic lenses to protect the eye from flying debris or other matter. Construction workers, factory workers, machinists and lab technicians are often required to wear safety glasses to shield the eyes

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are clear or lightly tinted in dark or indoor conditions, but turn into sunglasses when they come into contact with ultraviolet light. Most over-the-counter sunglasses do not have corrective power in the lenses; however, special prescription sunglasses can be made. People with conditions that have

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is an added feature that can be applied to sunglass lenses. Polarization filters are positioned to remove horizontally polarized rays of light, which eliminates glare from horizontal surfaces (allowing wearers to see into water when reflected light would otherwise overwhelm the scene). Polarized

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Many people require glasses for the reasons listed above. There are many shapes, colors, and materials that can be used when designing frames and lenses that can be utilized in various combinations. Oftentimes, the selection of a frame is made based on how it will affect the appearance of the

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Long hours of computer use (not blue light) may cause eye strain. Many eye symptoms caused by computer use will lessen after the usage of the computer is stopped. Decreasing evening screen time and setting devices to night mode will improve sleep. Several studies have shown that blue light from

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on a two-dimensional surface can be created by providing each eye with different visual information. 3D glasses create the illusion of three dimensions by filtering a signal containing information for both eyes. The signal, often light reflected off a movie screen or emitted from an electronic

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is mistakenly claimed to have encountered eyeglasses during his travels in China in the 13th century. However, no such evidence appears in his accounts. Indeed, the earliest mentions of eyeglasses in China occur in the 15th century and those Chinese sources state that eyeglasses were imported.

1259:–1311) wrote "It is not yet twenty years since there was found the art of making eyeglasses, which make for good vision ... And it is so short a time that this new art, never before extant, was discovered. ... I saw the one who first discovered and practiced it, and I talked to him." 551:

lenses could be also combined and easily removed from the field of view if needed without taking off glasses. These glasses often used for driver when they went through tunnels the upper frame,sunglasses and the second frame with transparent lenses. Drivers flip the sunglasses in tunnels while

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ophthalmologist Andrew McKie Reid in the 1930s to assist people bedbound by chronic illness or spinal injury, recumbent glasses have more recently been marketed not simply as an assistive device but also as 'lazy glasses'. They do not assist with vision, although they can be worn over regular

760:(UK) is that "the best scientific evidence currently available does not support the use of blue-blocking spectacle lenses in the general population to improve visual performance, alleviate the symptoms of eye fatigue or visual discomfort, improve sleep quality or conserve macula health." 1670:

In the 1930s, "spectacles" were described as "medical appliances". Wearing spectacles was sometimes considered socially humiliating. In the 1970s, fashionable glasses started to become available through manufacturers, and governments also recognized the demand for stylized eyewear.

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Sunglasses may also have corrective lenses, which requires a prescription. Clip-on sunglasses or sunglass clips can be attached to another pair of glasses. Some wrap-around sunglasses are large enough to be worn over another pair of glasses. Otherwise, many people opt to wear

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from flying debris or hazardous splatters such as blood or chemicals. As of 2017, dentists and surgeons in Canada and other countries are required to wear safety glasses to protect against infection from patients' blood or other body fluids. There are also safety glasses for

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suggested that eyepieces could be held in place by a ribbon passed over the wearer's head, this in turn secured by the weight of a hat. The modern style of glasses, held by temples passing over the ears, was developed sometime before 1727, possibly by the British optician

1513:", but all dates are given well after the existence of eyeglasses in Italy was established, including significant shipments of eyeglasses from Italy to the Middle East, with one shipment as large as 24,000 glasses, as well as a spectacles dispensary in Strasbourg in 1466. 626:

mounted on, in, or behind their regular lenses. Newer designs use smaller lightweight telescopes, which can be embedded into the corrective glass and improve aesthetic appearance (mini telescopic spectacles). They may take the form of self-contained glasses that resemble

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speculated, in his history of glasses, that for glasses to be mentioned in the literature of China and Europe at approximately the same time it was probable that they were not invented independently, and after ruling out the Turks, proposed India as a location. However,

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pair of hinges connect the end pieces to the temples, allowing a swivel movement. Spring-loaded flex hinges are a variant that is equipped with a small spring that affords the temples a greater range of movement and does not limit them to the traditional, 90-degree

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speculated that the mention of glasses in the Chinese manuscript Laufer used "in part" to credit the prior invention of them in Asia did not exist in older versions of that manuscript, and the reference to them in later versions was added during the

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I was possessed of a clear complexion, between light and dark, lively eyes, and for long years a keen vision, which however deserted me, contrary to my hopes, after I reached my sixtieth birthday, and forced me, to my great annoyance, to resort to

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emit polarized light, making them sometimes difficult to view with polarized sunglasses. Sunglasses may be worn for aesthetic purposes, or simply to hide the eyes. Examples of sunglasses that were popular for these reasons include tea shades and

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Glasses wearers may use a strap to prevent the glasses from falling off. Wearers of glasses that are used only part of the time may have the glasses attached to a cord that goes around their neck to prevent the loss and breaking of the glasses.

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against flying debris for construction workers or lab technicians; these glasses may have protection on the sides of the eyes as well as in the lenses. Some types of safety glasses are used to protect against visible and near-visible light or

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became synonymous with the styles of eye-glasses they wore to the point that thick, black horn-rimmed glasses are often called "Buddy Holly glasses" and perfectly round metal eyeglass frames called "John Lennon glasses" (or, more recently,

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The United States also prohibits the sale of glasses unless the user has a recent prescription from an optometrist or ophthalmologist, whereas in most of the world, glasses and contact lenses can be bought without needing to get a new

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that those who wear glasses are intelligent. This belief can have positive consequences for people who wear glasses, for example in elections. Studies show that wearing glasses increases politicians' electoral success, at least in

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frames are usually used for protective eyewear for sports because of their lightweight and flexible properties. Unlike most regular glasses, safety glasses often include protection beside the eyes as well as in front of the eyes.

3163:... colore vivido inter candidum et subnigrum, vivacibus oculis et visu per longum tempus acerrimo, qui preter spem supra sexagesimum etatis annum me destituit, ut indignanti michi ad ocularium confugiendum esset auxilium. 1968:

In the 20th century, eyeglasses came to be considered a component of fashion; as such, various different styles have come in and out of popularity. Most are still in regular use, albeit with varying degrees of frequency.

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prescriptions, with perfectly round frames being the most efficient. Before the advent of eyeglasses as a fashion item, when frames were constructed with only functionality in mind, virtually all eyeglasses were either

209:). Sometimes glasses are worn purely for fashion or aesthetic purposes. Even with glasses used for vision correction, a wide range of fashions are available, using plastic, metal, wire, and other materials for frames. 1821:

for normalizing and even popularizing the wearing of eyeglasses in front of live television and stage audiences; prior to this, performers who read on early television were expected to squint or use contact lenses.

741:(CVS) can result from focusing the eyes on a screen for long, continuous periods. Many times the glasses do not appear to have much of a tint, or, if any, a slight yellow tint, but they may be more heavily tinted. 3415: 1812:

to play while wearing glasses "continuously", after his vision deteriorated in 1897. "With their aid he placed himself in the forefront among English professionals of all-round abilities." The American tenor

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generally require a taller lens shape to leave room for the different segments while preserving an adequate field of view through each segment. Frames with rounded edges are the most efficient for correcting

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by allowing him to "hear" vibrations. Some celebrities have become so associated with their eyeglasses that they continued to wear them even after taking other measures against vision problems: U.S. Senator

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pair of brows or caps, plastic or metal caps which fit over the top of the eye wires for style enhancement and to provide additional support for the lenses. The addition of brows makes a pair of glasses

289:(i.e. to focus on objects close to the eye). Few people have a pair of eyes that show exactly equal refractive characteristics; one eye may need a "stronger" (i.e. more refracting) lens than the other. 783:

The ophthalmic frame is the part of a pair of glasses that is designed to hold the lenses in the proper position. Ophthalmic frames come in a variety of styles, sizes, materials, shapes, and colors.

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have a continuous gradient. Lenses can also be manufactured with high refractive indices, which allow them to be more lightweight and thinner than their counterparts with "low" refractive indices.

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measured specifically for computer screen distance (depending on individuals, but possibly 20–26 inches from the face), which are not the same as "blue-light blocking" glasses. The position of the

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people wear nearly opaque glasses to hide their eyes for cosmetic reasons. Many people with light sensitivity conditions wear sunglasses or other tinted glasses to make the light more tolerable.

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or refractive or prismatic variations between the left and right eye. For the total correction of the individual's sight, glasses complying to a recent ophthalmic prescription are required.

2742: 494:(UV) light. To properly protect the eyes from the dangers of UV light, sunglasses should have UV-400 blocker to provide good coverage against the entire light spectrum that poses a danger. 1711:

inflates the prices of frames, which cost an average of $ 25–$ 50 U.S. to make, to an average retail price of $ 300 in the United States. This claim is disputed by some in the industry.

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fiction, eyeglasses have become a standard component of various heroes' disguises as masks, allowing them to adopt a nondescript demeanor when they are not in their superhero personae:

604:. Polarized and active shutter glasses are used with many home theaters. Head-mounted displays are used by a single person, but the input signal can be shared between multiple units. 1282:

regulations in Venice governing the sale of eyeglasses and a separate guild of Venetian spectacle makers was formed in 1320. In the fourteenth century, they were very common objects:

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top bar or brow bar, a bar just above the bridge providing structural support and/or style enhancement (country/Grandpa style). The addition of a top bar makes a pair of glasses

1619:(with the assistance of H. Boegehold and A. Sonnefeld) developed the Zeiss Punktal spherical point-focus lenses that dominated the eyeglass lens field for many years. In 2008, 418:

could be concealed in the temple part of the frame. These fell out of fashion after the 1970s, but there are still occasions when combined eyeglass-hearing aids may be useful.

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records: "Eyeglasses, having first been made by someone else, who was unwilling to share them, he made them and shared them with everyone with a cheerful and willing heart."

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might be used to replace bifocals or trifocals, or might be used to produce cheaper single-vision glasses (since they do not have to be custom-manufactured for every person).

4325: 2114:(1604), Kepler explained how eyeglass lenses compensate for the distortions that are caused by presbyopia or myopia, so that the image is once again properly focused on the 3708: 2647: 1399:

together by the handles so that they could grip the nose. These are referred to as "rivet spectacles". The earliest surviving examples were found under the floorboards at

685:, and other sources of light. This allows for reduced eye-strain. These glasses can be ordered as standard or prescription lenses that fit into standard optical frames. 539:

The double frame uplifting glasses have one moving frame with one pair of lenses and the basic fixed frame with another pair of lenses (optional), that are connected by

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Glasses can be marked or found by their primary function, but also appear in combinations such as prescription sunglasses or safety glasses with enhanced magnification.

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was observed in possession of a pair of glasses in the 1520s, he argues that it "is, therefore, most likely that the use of lenses reached Europe via the Arabs, as did

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Over time, the construction of frames for glasses also evolved. Early eyepieces were designed to be either held in place by hand or by exerting pressure on the nose (

2832:"Reversing the Trend of Large Scale and Centralization in Manufacturing: The Case of Distributed Manufacturing of Customizable 3-D-Printable Self-Adjustable Glasses" 696: 4355: 2549:

Duarte, IA; Mde F, Hafner; Malvestiti, AA (2015), "Ultraviolet radiation emitted by lamps, TVs, tablets and computers: are there risks for the population?",

2332: 2605: 2508: 1692:. Advertising restrictions in the United States, for example, have correlated with higher prices, suggesting that adverts make the spectacles market more 395:

are a type of corrective glasses that do not use a lens. Pinhole glasses do not actually refract the light or change focal length. Instead, they create a

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Riding bow temples: curve around the ear and extend down to the level of the ear lobe. Used mostly on athletic, children's, and industrial safety frames;

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Library temples: generally straight and do not bend down behind the ears. Hold the glasses primarily through light pressure against the side of the skull

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wearer. Some people with good natural eyesight like to wear eyeglasses as a style accessory. In Japan, some companies ban women from wearing glasses.

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in photography. This form of correction has many limitations that prevent it from gaining popularity in everyday use. Pinhole glasses can be made in a

277:. The ability of one's eyes to accommodate their focus to near and distant focus alters over time. A common condition in people over forty years old is 2527: 1574:, suggested that Franklin had indeed invented bifocals, and perhaps 50 years earlier than had been originally thought. The first lenses for correcting 1560:. Historians have from time to time produced evidence to suggest that others may have preceded him in the invention; however, a correspondence between 2672: 1800:

In the United Kingdom, wearing glasses was characterized in the nineteenth century as "a sure sign of the weakling and the mollycoddle", according to

1024:. It was not until glasses began to be seen as an accessory that different shapes were introduced to be more aesthetically pleasing than functional. 502:

sunglasses may present some difficulties for pilots since reflections from water and other structures often used to gauge altitude may be removed.

353:, and offer a cheap, practical solution, though these have a pair of simple lenses of equal power, and so will not correct refraction problems like 4178: 2736: 2687: 1740:

provide a way to donate glasses and sunglasses to people on low incomes or no income. Unite For Sight has redistributed more than 200,000 pairs.

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Glasses can also provide magnification that is useful for people with vision impairments or specific occupational demands. An example would be

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display, is filtered so that each eye receives a slightly different image. The filters only work for the type of signal they were designed for.

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and may become thick and heavy if a large lens shape is used. However, if the lens is too small, it can drastically reduce the field of view.

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Hirschberg, Julius (1911), "Geschichte der Augenheilkunde" [History of Ophthalmology], in Graef, Alfred K; Saemisch, Theodor (eds.),

2792: 2890:"In the tomb of Liu Jing, the King of Guangling, a gold circle embedded with crystals was unearthed, which was the first glasses in history" 717:

are becoming increasingly popular in response to concerns about problems caused by blue light overexposure. The problems claimed range from

4152: 2722: 1158:), written between 1220 and 1235, mentions using optics to "read the smallest letters at incredible distances". A few years later in 1262, 312:

of the wearer. Not only do they enhance the wearer's visual experience, but can also reduce problems that result from eye strain, such as

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Since then, eyeglasses have become an acceptable fashion item and often act as a key component in individuals' personal image. Musicians

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Kriss, Timothy C; Kriss, Vesna Martich (April 1998), "History of the Operating Microscope: From Magnifying Glass to Microneurosurgery",

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is also known to have written on the magnifying properties of lenses. The development of the first eyeglasses took place in northern

4412: 4250: 4229: 4085: 3629: 3220: 2914: 2718: 2668: 2643: 2601: 2504: 2416:"Computer glasses that claim to protect your eyes from screens are selling like crazy, but they probably aren't doing you much good" 1641:, glasses remain very common, as their technology has improved. For instance, it is now possible to purchase frames made of special 749: 4380: 4333: 4282: 3235: 1570: 1497: 4008: 3892: 2637: 1526: 910: 884:

material made especially for eyeglass frames. It features a type of elasticity that returns the material to its original shape.

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is inconvenient or uncomfortable. These are often called "flash goggles" because they provide protection from welding flash.

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can be used to verify the specifications of an existing pair of glasses. Corrective eyeglasses can significantly improve the

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Scattered evidence exists for use of visual aid devices in Greek and Roman times, most prominently the use of an emerald by

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provide a separate set of glasses for focusing on close by objects. Reading glasses are available without prescription from

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filters. Polarized 3D glasses allow for color 3D, while the red-blue lenses produce an image with distorted coloration. An

5425: 1456: 132:, typically utilizing a bridge over the nose and hinged arms, known as temples or temple pieces, that rest over the ears. 3836: 407:

fashion by making small holes in a piece of card which is then held in front of the eyes with a strap or cardboard arms.

5011: 4122: 3775: 3558: 2949: 1697: 3950: 3529: 2813: 1104:(which survives only in a poor Arabic translation). Ptolemy's description of lenses was commented upon and improved by 535:

Double-frame eyewear with one set of lenses on the moving frame and another pair of lenses on a fixed frame (optional).

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allow for better vision in bright daylight and are used to protect one's eyes against damage from excessive levels of

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Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes, Vincent Ilardi, American Philosophical Society 2007 pages 118–125

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was known in the United Kingdom for wearing thick, square, horn-rimmed glasses, which were in fact a sophisticated

906: 42: 2457: 452:, which are styled like wraparound sunglasses, but with much darker lenses, for use in welding where a full-sized 414:

in the 1940s, combined eyeglass-hearing aids became popular. With thick-rimmed glasses the fashion at the time, a

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published the first correct explanation as to why convex and concave lenses could correct presbyopia and myopia.

898: 371:. Many state prisons in the United States issue glasses to inmates, often in the form of clear plastic aviators. 3978: 3110: 5731: 4691: 2595: 2498: 1835: 1105: 738: 586: 35: 2129: 5458: 5365: 4696: 2535: 1600:. These designs were not immediately successful, however, and various styles with attached handles such as " 1312: 963:

Natural materials such as wood, bone, ivory, leather and semi-precious or precious stones may also be used.

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Skull temples: bend down behind the ears, follow the contour of the skull and rest evenly against the skull

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quickly became an important center of manufacture, especially due to using the high-quality glass made at

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Other celebrities have used glasses to differentiate themselves from the characters they play, such as

1748: 1388:(near-sightedness) had made their first appearance in the mid-15th century, it was not until 1604 that 1063: 980:

are few restrictions, allowing for many trendy and fashionable shapes. Higher power lenses can distort

3364:], Handbuch der Augenheilkunde, vol. 13, Leipzig, Germany: Wilhelm Engelmann, pp. 265 ff 2261:"Personal Protective Equipment Eye and Face Protection (Appendix A) – Environmental Health and Safety" 1521: 768: 235: 5686: 5433: 5229: 4608: 4313: 3983: 3871: 1623:

designed eyewear with adjustable corrective glasses. They work by using a built-in syringe to pump a

1443: 1287: 856: 753: 730: 682: 594: 582: 498: 361: 182: 4153:"NBA Finals: LeBron James, Dwyane Wade and Other Fashion Plates of the NBA Make Specs of Themselves" 5659: 5607: 4782: 4643: 4628: 4570: 4480: 4298: 2003: 1901: 1794: 1774: 1592: 1307: 1133:

and of Alhazen became available in Europe in the 12th century, coinciding with the development of "

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glasses have a different colored filter for each eye, typically red and blue or red and green. A

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Corrective lenses bring the image back into focus on the retina. They are made to conform to the

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were also fashionable from the second half of the 18th century and into the early 19th century.

737:(UV) radiation. However, there is no measurable UV light from computer monitors. The problem of 4177:

Fleischmann, Alexandra; Lammers, Joris; Stoker, Janka I.; Garretsen, Harry (10 December 2018),

2865:, Book 37, Chpt.16. John Bostock and H. T. Riley, translators. London: Taylor and Francis. 1855 5406: 5239: 5234: 5148: 4933: 4797: 4772: 4715: 4603: 4246: 4225: 4081: 3625: 3481: 3394: 3305: 3216: 3019: 2993: 2910: 2904: 2572: 2394: 2242: 2071: 1885: 1880: 1693: 1545: 1506: 1427: 1349: 1056: 981: 875: 614: 597:

can filter the signal electronically and then transmit light directly into the viewer's eyes.

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by bending the light entering the eye in order to alleviate the effects of conditions such as

178: 118: 78: 31: 3325: 3210: 2954:, University of Maryland, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, archived from 1888:, who wears glasses to separate his professional persona as a chef from his stage persona as 5716: 5697: 5679: 5617: 5582: 5173: 5123: 4891: 4585: 4527: 4522: 4485: 4450: 4398: 4384: 4190: 3979:""It gives a cold impression": Why Japanese companies ban female staff from wearing glasses" 3657: 3471: 3461: 3341: 3297: 3156: 3079: 2985: 2843: 2562: 2554: 2234: 2033: 2008: 1978: 1897: 1689: 1601: 1464: 1335: 1291: 1225:

The earliest recorded comment on the use of lenses for optical purposes was made in 1268 by

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Chinese judges wore dark glasses to hide their facial expressions during court proceedings.

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Glasses may also house other corrective or assistive devices. After the development of the

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that require them to wear their glasses every time they drive or risk fines or jail time.

346: 297: 226: 151:; however, without the specialized lenses, they are sometimes used for cosmetic purposes. 148: 144: 4051:"The Spin | Tim Killick, the bespectacled rogue who got clattered for 34 in an over" 2738:

Blue blocking spectacle lenses - The College's position on blue blocking spectacle lenses

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There are claims that single lens magnifying glasses were being used in China during the

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disorders) often wear sunglasses or precision tinted glasses, even indoors and at night.

752:(AAO) does not recommend special eyewear for computer use, although it recommends using 367:

Some militaries issue prescription glasses to servicemen and women. These are typically

59: 5669: 5546: 5396: 5391: 5375: 5299: 5158: 5143: 4580: 4339: 4102: 4070: 3709:"Meet the Four-Eyed, Eight-Tentacled Monopoly That is Making Your Glasses So Expensive" 3476: 3449: 2889: 2875: 2567: 2222: 2081: 1905: 1875: 1871: 1805: 1801: 1631: 1561: 1484: 1439: 1249: 1114: 1109: 881: 702: 656: 453: 440: 427: 282: 164: 155: 2238: 1789:

was regularly photographed wearing eyeglasses, and in the 1910s when popular comedian

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Specialized glasses may be used for viewing specific visual information, for example,

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to allow the wearer to read or view a screen while lying on their back. Developed by

487: 270: 125: 83: 3645: 3111:"Advances in 13th Century Glass Manufacturing and Their Effect on Chemical Progress" 1418:

The world's first specialist shop for spectacles - what we might regard today as an

1185:" for eye protection, without any corrective properties. For example, flat panes of 638: 5664: 5654: 5501: 5468: 5269: 5254: 5093: 5001: 4913: 4777: 4681: 4633: 4575: 4532: 3582: 2076: 1944: 1936: 1913: 1790: 1642: 1489: 1461: 1446:

of Florence invented eyeglasses in the 13th century has been exposed as erroneous.

1323: 1301: 1186: 664: 520: 436: 380: 309: 3583:"Self-adjustable eyeglasses: how one man's vision is helping others to see better" 2830:

Gwamuri, Jephias; Wittbrodt, Ben T.; Anzalone, Nick C.; Pearce, Joshua M. (2014),

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Convertible temples: used either as library or skull temples depending on the bent

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pair of nose pads that allows a comfortable resting of the eye wires on the nose

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limited system, which has an increased depth of field, similar to using a small

396: 360:

People who need glasses to see often have corrective lens restrictions on their

354: 319:

The most common type of corrective lens is "single vision", which has a uniform

301: 274: 206: 187: 5163: 1330: 250: 5674: 5649: 5639: 5597: 5531: 5324: 5289: 5259: 5153: 5108: 5021: 5016: 5006: 4991: 4881: 4832: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4557: 4470: 4127: 3800: 2848: 2692: 2028: 1993: 1952: 1932: 1856: 1839: 1814: 1565: 1553: 1533: 1449: 1423: 1377: 1360:. Another early example would be a depiction of eyeglasses found north of the 1182: 722: 660: 632: 548: 543:. For example, sun lenses could be easily lifted up and down while mixed with 480: 470: 411: 368: 324: 278: 244: 198: 174: 129: 3301: 3264: 2955: 2763: 2246: 1781:

likely to need reading glasses, elderly, or physically weak and passive. The

1181:

Independently of the development of optical lenses, some cultures developed "

339:

glasses provide two or three different refractive indices, respectively, and

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Hutchinson, Dr Emma; Hutchinson, University of Victoria and; Emma (2017),

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designed for cleaning corrective lenses without scratching sensitive glass

5561: 5541: 5526: 5516: 5506: 5486: 5453: 5438: 5370: 5031: 4986: 4960: 4928: 4898: 4864: 4822: 4738: 4686: 4445: 4301:

was created from a revision of this article dated 31 March 2008

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Petrarch (1914), Robinson, James Harvey; Rolfe, Henry Winchester (eds.),

1928: 1860: 1847: 1716: 1647: 1624: 1557: 1510: 1419: 1241: 1072: 987: 944: 718: 400: 336: 332: 191: 135: 5627: 5602: 5521: 5491: 5443: 5264: 5128: 5103: 4970: 4948: 4943: 4918: 4623: 4613: 4595: 4502: 4422: 2465: 2013: 1998: 1404: 1095: 628: 601: 449: 431: 240: 202: 121: 2312:

Phillips Safety | Leading Manufacturer of Occupational Safety Products

1075:

circa 1600 shows glasses with temples passing over and around the ears

826:

pair of end pieces connect the eye wires via the hinges to the temples

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Ancient Chronicle of the Dominican Monastery of St. Catherine in Pisa

1021: 1000: 902: 792:

pair of eye wires or rims surrounding and holding the lenses in place

544: 285:

losing elasticity, progressively reducing the ability of the lens to

266: 2308:"What Glasses Prevent Welding Flash? Phillips Safety Has the Answer" 96: 4390: 3661: 3399:

Mitteilungen zur Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften

2909:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, p. 389, 2831: 1785:

began to fall away in the U.S. in the early 1900s when the popular

1305:

Seated apostle holding lenses in position for reading. Detail from

5463: 5183: 5082: 5026: 4787: 1864: 1859:

continued to wear non-prescription glasses after being fitted for

1764: 1747: 1688:

The market for spectacles has been characterized as having highly

1635: 1532: 1520: 1455: 1408: 1396: 1381: 1329: 1300: 1279: 1208: 1194: 1190: 1163: 1062: 1042: 970: 948: 932: 920: 855:

Comfort cable temples: similar to the riding bow, but made from a

767: 637: 530: 474: 457: 435: 249: 234: 134: 4381:"Common Spectacles Styles before, during and after the Civil War" 1094:

to form an enlarged/magnified image was most likely described in

523:

to correct their vision so that standard sunglasses can be used.

5072: 4245:, vol. IV, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 3620:

Pullin, Graham; et al. (2009), "Fashion Meets Discretion",

1662:

Woman wearing eyewear with non-prescription lenses in a fashion

1361: 1244:, by about 1290: In a sermon delivered on 23 February 1306, the 1237: 1080: 1009: 4711: 4394: 600:

Anaglyph and polarized glasses are distributed to audiences at

4754: 4749: 4224:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Philosophical Society, 3923: 2458:"BluTech Lenses – Technology, The story behind BluTech Lenses" 1939:

wears either round, Harold Lloyd-style glasses or 1970s-style

1893: 1874:, who wore oversized 1980s-style round horn-rimmed glasses as 486:

Sunglasses provide more comfort and protection against bright

404: 163:. Glasses are worn for eye protection in some sports, such as 1931:

is well known for wearing 1950s-style horn-rimmed glasses as

1395:

Early frames for glasses consisted of two magnifying glasses

1348:

The earliest pictorial evidence for the use of eyeglasses is

935:

may be used to make glasses, such as gold, silver, aluminum,

30:

This article is about the eyewear. For drinking vessels, see

4279: 2696:, Medically reviewed by Ann Marie Griff, O.D, archived from 1509:

and the ophthalmological works of the ancient Hindu surgeon

4707: 3182:(2nd ed.), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, p. 60, 2522: 2520: 2518: 733:

which can cause partial blindness. They may also block out

3560:

Eyeglass Lenses and Visual Aids from Industrial Production

3149:

Petrarch (Franciscus Petrarca) mentions eyeglasses in his

128:

mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's

3534:

The Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge University

3215:, Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, pp. 45–46, 2920:

From Grant's English translation of Robert Grosseteste's

2223:"20th Century Hearing Devices: Going, Going, Nearly Gone" 1232:

The first eyeglasses were estimated to have been made in

3925:

The world's online database of high quality used glasses

3646:"The Effects of Advertising on the Price of Eye Glasses" 2333:"Sunglasses not just an accessory in the Sunshine State" 798:

chassis, the combination of the eye wires and the bridge

679:

high energy blue and ultra-violet light from LCD screens

4377:, on eyes and how eyeglasses correct vision (page 120). 3155:

Petrarca, Francisci (1859), Fracassetti, Joseph (ed.),

2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 1540:, 33rd President of the United States, had poor vision. 820:

pair of temples (earpieces) on either side of the skull

817:

pair of pad arms connect the nose pads to the eye wires

3290:

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

243:

seen through a corrective lens, showing the effect of

3288:

Rosen, Edward (1956), "The invention of eyeglasses",

3179:

Petrarch: The First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters

4072:

The Bluebird of Happiness: The Memoirs of Jan Peerce

1290:

that, until he was 60, he did not need glasses, and

701:

By the end of the 2010s, eyeglasses that filter out

147:, such as with reading glasses and glasses used for 5570: 5477: 5424: 5384: 5358: 5215: 5206: 5081: 5045: 4979: 4765: 4745: 4657: 4594: 4556: 4429: 3265:"Why do billions of people still not have glasses?" 1650:alloys, which were not available in earlier times. 77: 69: 52: 4069: 3758:"Does Luxottica Own 80% of the Eyeglass Industry?" 3012:"Sunglasses History – The Invention of Sunglasses" 1266:of Pisa (d. 1313) was soon making eyeglasses. The 384:1940s combined hearing aid glasses, on display at 3104: 3102: 3100: 2933:Bacon, Roger; Burke, Robert Belle, trans. (1962) 2625:, Reviewed by Benjamin Bert, MD, Business Insider 2589: 2587: 2585: 41:"Spectacles" redirects here. For other uses, see 4221:Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes 4101:Sykes, Eric (31 December 2004), "Comedy Great", 2688:"Can blue light glasses prevent damage to eyes?" 1817:, plagued with poor eyesight, credited comedian 659:glasses are glasses that use a prism with a 90° 2639:Should You Use Night Mode to Reduce Blue Light? 2383:"Glasses: Technology or Accessory? You Choose!" 2147: 887:Cellulose propionate, a molded, durable plastic 697:Biological effects of high-energy visible light 3796:"Sticker shock: Why are glasses so expensive?" 823:pair of temple tips at the ends of the temples 4723: 4406: 3513:, The College of Optometrists, archived from 3158:Epistolae de Rebus Familiaribus et Variae ... 1495:In 1971, Rishi Agarwal, in an article in the 8: 3367: 2876:"Opening our eyes to spectacles of the past" 2553:, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 595–7, 2528:"Blue Light Glasses - Helpful or Just Hype?" 1368:, Germany, in 1403. These early glasses had 975:Modern glasses with a rectangular lens shape 642:McKie Reid recumbent glasses, on display at 5212: 4762: 4730: 4716: 4708: 4413: 4399: 4391: 4045: 4043: 3120:, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 29–34 2434:"Computer Eye Strain: 10 Steps For Relief" 1707:There are claims that insufficiently free 635:, or may be attached to existing glasses. 58: 4328:at the British Optical Association Museum 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3475: 3465: 3417:Science and Civilization in China Vol 4.1 2847: 2714:Computers, Digital Devices and Eye Strain 2566: 1797:as the "Glasses" character in his films. 4364:(article), February 1944, archived from 4309:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 4292: 4002: 4000: 3624:, Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 13–64, 2173:"Eyeglasses - All What You Need to Know" 1752:Glasses - Decoration, Prezi HQ, Budapest 1657: 1578:were designed by the British astronomer 1460:Man wearing glasses on the 16th century 1168: 1166:in the second half of the 13th century. 905:Mylon (The frames can be 3-D printed by 379: 3949:"Brick Award Winner: Jennifer Staple", 3381: 3337: 3296:(2): 13–46 (part 1), 183–218 (part 2), 3039: 2164: 2094: 1380:that commonly develops as a symptom of 1051:Cardinal and renowned biblical scholar 795:bridge which connects the two eye wires 4026: 4024: 4007:"Understanding Three-Piece Mounting", 3321: 3258: 3256: 3196: 3137: 3091: 3075: 2745:from the original on 19 September 2020 2511:from the original on 23 September 2020 2392: 2221:Uchanski, Rosalie M.; Sarli, Cathy C. 261:Corrective lenses are used to correct 49: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3209:Ronchi, Vasco; Rosen, Edward (1991), 3118:Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 2650:from the original on 8 September 2020 672:Yellow-tinted computer/gaming glasses 7: 3977:Steger, Isabelle (7 November 2019), 3581:Whiteman, Honor (12 November 2015), 3454:The British Journal of Ophthalmology 3357:Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde 3018:, Vaunt Design Group, archived from 2951:...Optics Highlights: II. Spectacles 2795:from the original on 27 January 2007 2608:from the original on 28 October 2020 1916:'s infamous styling as TV character 1468:The Bustling and Hustling of Nanjing 1411:in Germany; they have been dated to 4242:Science & Civilisation in China 3242:, The College of Optometrists, 2015 2725:from the original on 3 October 2020 2717:, Reviewed by James M Huffman, MD, 2686:Caporuscio, Jessica (2 June 2020), 2667:, Reviewed by Ninel Z Gregori, MD, 2661:Porter, Daniel (15 November 2019), 2600:, Reviewed by Ninel Z Gregori, MD, 1108:(10th century) and most notably by 190:as a primary symptom (like certain 92: 4239:Needham, Joseph (1962), "Part 1", 3837:"The Great American Eye-Exam Scam" 3835:Mounk, Yascha (27 November 2019). 3423:, pp. 118–119, archived from 2675:from the original on 9 August 2020 2619:Iallonardo, Marisa (24 May 2020), 2594:Porter, Daniel (16 January 2020), 2534:, 16 December 2019, archived from 2306:Milani, Clara (14 February 2024). 1696:. It has also been claimed to be 1364:in an altarpiece of the church of 25: 3263:Harford, Tim (20 November 2019), 2906:A Source Book in Medieval Science 2719:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2669:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2644:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2622:Do blue light glasses work ? 2602:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2597:Blue Light and Digital Eye Strain 2505:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2503:, Reviewed by Rahul Khurana, MD, 2414:Loria, Kevin (21 February 2017), 2239:10.1097/01.hj.0000616124.53833.22 1838:glasses"). British comedic actor 1352:'s 1352 portrait of the cardinal 750:American Academy of Ophthalmology 527:Mixed double-frame (Flip glasses) 4387:; Antique Eyeglasses in America. 4291: 4151:Cacciola, Scott (14 June 2012), 3894:Donate Eyeglasses and Sunglasses 3863:Lions Eyeglasses Recycling Facts 3808:, 7 October 2012, archived from 2990:10.1097/00006123-199804000-00116 2814:"Cable conversion temple covers" 2642:, Reviewed by Raj K Maturi, MD, 2362:collections.thackraymuseum.co.uk 2201:collections.thackraymuseum.co.uk 1912:that draws comparisons to actor 1571:The Gazette of the United States 1498:British Journal of Ophthalmology 4179:"You Can Leave Your Glasses on" 3776:"Why are glasses so expensive?" 3450:"Origin of spectacles in India" 3010:Ament, Phil (4 December 2006), 2711:Boyd, Kierstan (3 March 2020), 2636:Hazanchuk, Vered (7 May 2019), 2497:Vimont, Celia (27 April 2017), 2282:"Why do I need safety glasses?" 1900:with thick plastic frames like 1627:solution into a flexible lens. 1527:Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas 678: 281:, which is caused by the eye's 143:Glasses are typically used for 3536:, Robert Bruen, archived from 2500:Are Computer Glasses Worth It? 2358:"128.080 | Collections Online" 2197:"128.030 | Collections Online" 1384:. Although concave lenses for 829:pair of frame-front end pieces 271:farsightedness (hypermetropia) 1: 4128:"Whacky NBA Playoff Fashion!" 4076:. Harper & Row. pp. 3362:Handbook of all ophthalmology 3212:Optics: The Science of Vision 2936:The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon 2664:Digital Devices and Your Eyes 2559:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153616 1769:Former United States senator 1339: 1316: 1253: 1119: 773: 3688:Principles of Microeconomics 3650:Journal of Law and Economics 3240:www.college-optometrists.org 2836:Challenges in Sustainability 1698:monopolistically competitive 1047:Detail of a portrait of the 860:image of 1920s frames above. 779:, with springy cable temples 568:illusion of three dimensions 547:lenses that always stay on. 4034:The Fashion of Harold Lloyd 3510:The 'Inventor' of Bifocals? 3109:Rasmussen, Seth C. (2008), 2903:Grant, Edward, ed. (1974), 2387:Thackray Museum of Medicine 2112:Ad Vitellionem paralipomena 2052:Adjustable-focus eyeglasses 1808:was the first professional 1611:In the early 20th century, 1294:mentions them often in his 1262:Giordano's colleague Friar 691:Blue-light blocking glasses 644:Thackray Museum of Medicine 386:Thackray Museum of Medicine 375:Adjustable-focus eyeglasses 64:Two pairs of modern glasses 5753: 3733:"Is Luxottica A Monopoly?" 2399:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 1630:Despite the popularity of 1438:The 17th-century claim by 1376:(farsightedness), and the 1189:were used in 12th-century 1036: 907:Fused Filament Fabrication 694: 559: 468: 425: 224: 43:Spectacle (disambiguation) 40: 29: 5695: 4195:10.1027/1864-9335/a000359 3868:Lions Clubs International 3530:"Sir George Biddell Airy" 3393:Laufer, Berthold (1907). 2849:10.12924/cis2014.02010030 2286:Mayo Clinic Health System 2137:, vol. 6, p. 26 2128:Laufer, Berthold (1907), 1730:Lions Clubs International 1338:(with one lens missing), 899:Selective laser sintering 893:plastic using super-fine 93: 57: 4218:Ilardi, Vincent (2007), 1892:Japanese. In 2012, some 1728:Some organizations like 1372:that could correct both 1173:The Persian miniaturist 1069:Fernando Niño de Guevara 739:computer vision syndrome 608:Magnification (bioptics) 587:active shutter 3D system 267:nearsightedness (myopia) 36:Glasses (disambiguation) 4383:(2012 article) via the 4335:The Medieval Technology 4157:The Wall Street Journal 4031:Lloyd, Annette (1996), 4013:, Seiko, archived from 3622:Design Meets Disability 3448:Agarwal, R. K. (1971). 3395:"Geschichte der Brille" 3153:(Letter to Posterity): 3057:Encyclopedia Britannica 1544:The American scientist 1430:, now France) in 1466. 1313:Master of Heiligenkreuz 758:College of Optometrists 581:on the other hand uses 504:Liquid-crystal displays 154:Safety glasses provide 4287: 4267:Listen to this article 3369:Geschichte der Brillen 3368: 3302:10.1093/jhmas/xi.2.183 2152: 2057:Baden-Powell's unilens 1777: 1753: 1738:New Eyes for the Needy 1667: 1639:corrective eye surgery 1541: 1530: 1475: 1345: 1327: 1278:. By 1301, there were 1264:Alessandro della Spina 1222: 1178: 1177:wearing glasses, 1673. 1076: 1060: 976: 780: 647: 536: 483: 444: 389: 258: 247: 140: 73:Eyeglasses, spectacles 34:. For other uses, see 4356:"Are Your Eyes Right" 4338:, NYU, archived from 4286: 3174:English translation: 3053:"Eyeglasses | optics" 3016:The Great Idea Finder 2131:Geschichte der Brille 2067:Eyeglass prescription 1768: 1751: 1661: 1536: 1524: 1459: 1333: 1304: 1212: 1172: 1142:Northern Song dynasty 1067:Portrait of Cardinal 1066: 1046: 1037:Further information: 974: 967:Corrective lens shape 771: 641: 595:Head-mounted displays 534: 478: 439: 383: 253: 238: 138: 124:with clear or tinted 5687:Head-mounted display 5335:Enhanced Combat (US) 4318:More spoken articles 4212:General bibliography 3984:Quartz (publication) 3952:People: do something 3874:on 15 September 2008 3644:Benham, Lee (1972), 3467:10.1136/bjo.55.2.128 3151:Epistola ad Posteros 2958:on 23 September 2015 2438:All about vision.com 2389:. 25 September 2024. 1947:. An example of the 1906:post-game interviews 1846:that alleviated his 1700:, as in the case of 1444:Salvino degli Armati 1201:for eye protection. 754:prescription glasses 731:macular degeneration 683:fluorescent lighting 668:corrective glasses. 183:photochromic glasses 5608:Horn-rimmed glasses 4068:Levy, Alan (1976). 3764:, 20 September 2016 3405:(4) : 379–385. 2863:The Natural History 2768:, OpticalCourse.com 2227:The Hearing Journal 2034:Wayfarer sunglasses 2004:Horn-rimmed glasses 1902:horn-rimmed glasses 1804:, writing in 1928. 1795:horn-rimmed glasses 1775:horn-rimmed glasses 1736:, ReSpectacle, and 1679:Society and culture 1593:Girolamo Savonarola 1478:In 1907, Professor 1334:French Empire gilt 1308:Death of the Virgin 1286:says in one of his 931:Various metals and 870:Plastic and polymer 579:polarized 3D system 5727:Italian inventions 5285:Lobster-tailed pot 4342:on 16 October 2015 4326:Spectacles Gallery 4288: 4017:on 28 October 2008 3959:, 20 February 2007 3587:Medical News Today 3540:on 25 January 2021 3236:"Rivet spectacles" 2700:on 16 October 2020 2233:(12): 10, 12, 13. 1974:Aviator sunglasses 1878:in the soap opera 1787:Theodore Roosevelt 1778: 1754: 1709:market competition 1668: 1542: 1531: 1517:Later developments 1476: 1401:Kloster Wienhausen 1354:Hugh de Saint-Cher 1346: 1328: 1284:Francesco Petrarca 1223: 1179: 1148:Robert Grosseteste 1127:Latin translations 1077: 1061: 1053:Hugh of Saint-Cher 996:progressive lenses 977: 803:aviator eyeglasses 781: 729:disruption, up to 648: 620:bioptic telescopes 537: 490:and often against 484: 445: 390: 341:progressive lenses 323:. For people with 259: 248: 141: 27:Form of vision aid 5722:Corrective lenses 5704: 5703: 5420: 5419: 5202: 5201: 4705: 4704: 4284: 4183:Social Psychology 4159:(online ed.) 3905:on 20 August 2008 3812:on 8 October 2012 3739:, 19 January 2021 3430:on 23 August 2016 2861:Pliny the Elder. 2818:www.optiboard.com 2532:WebMD Health News 2072:History of optics 1886:Masaharu Morimoto 1881:Coronation Street 1865:laser eye surgery 1694:price-competitive 1546:Benjamin Franklin 1507:Hindu mathematics 1428:Holy Roman Empire 1350:Tommaso da Modena 1236:, most likely in 1057:Tommaso da Modena 982:peripheral vision 880:Optyl, a type of 876:Cellulose acetate 651:Recumbent glasses 622:which have small 443:with side shields 362:driver's licenses 263:refractive errors 179:ultraviolet light 145:vision correction 139:Man with glasses. 104: 103: 32:List of glassware 16:(Redirected from 5744: 5737:Sports equipment 5698:List of headwear 5426:Other protective 5213: 4763: 4732: 4725: 4718: 4709: 4415: 4408: 4401: 4392: 4385:Internet Archive 4376: 4375: 4373: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4308: 4306: 4295: 4294: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4268: 4255: 4234: 4206: 4205: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4075: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4028: 4019: 4018: 4004: 3995: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3901:, archived from 3889: 3883: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3870:, archived from 3858: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3832: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3784:, 7 October 2012 3772: 3766: 3765: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3617: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3479: 3469: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3429: 3422: 3412: 3406: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3371: 3365: 3351: 3345: 3335: 3329: 3319: 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5416: 5380: 5354: 5330:Advanced Combat 5198: 5086: 5077: 5041: 4975: 4759: 4741: 4736: 4706: 4701: 4653: 4590: 4552: 4425: 4419: 4371: 4369: 4361:Popular Science 4354: 4345: 4343: 4331: 4322: 4321: 4310: 4304: 4302: 4299:This audio file 4296: 4289: 4280: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4253: 4238: 4232: 4217: 4214: 4209: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4162: 4160: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4136: 4134: 4126: 4123:Wayback Machine 4116: 4112: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4049: 4048: 4041: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4006: 4005: 3998: 3989: 3987: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3962: 3960: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3934: 3932: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3908: 3906: 3899:Unite For Sight 3891: 3890: 3886: 3877: 3875: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3834: 3833: 3824: 3815: 3813: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3717: 3715: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3692: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3619: 3618: 3601: 3592: 3590: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3566: 3564: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3543: 3541: 3528:Bruen, Robert, 3527: 3526: 3522: 3517:on 13 June 2011 3507: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3493: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3392: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3342:119, footnote c 3336: 3332: 3320: 3316: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3273: 3271: 3262: 3261: 3254: 3245: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3154: 3148: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3123: 3121: 3113: 3108: 3107: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3074: 3070: 3061: 3059: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3025: 3023: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2961: 2959: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2932: 2928: 2917: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2892:. 7 April 2022. 2888: 2887: 2883: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2860: 2856: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2798: 2796: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2771: 2769: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2748: 2746: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2593: 2592: 2583: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2526: 2525: 2516: 2496: 2495: 2480: 2471: 2469: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2442: 2440: 2432:Heiting, Gary, 2431: 2430: 2426: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2391: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2364: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2342: 2340: 2339:, 12 March 2018 2331: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2290: 2288: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2181: 2179: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2156: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2062:Eye examination 2047: 2039:Windsor glasses 2024:Rimless glasses 1989:Cat eye glasses 1984:Bug-eye glasses 1966: 1951:is seen in the 1941:bug-eye glasses 1853:Barry Goldwater 1793:wore a pair of 1771:Barry Goldwater 1763: 1746: 1734:Unite For Sight 1726: 1686: 1681: 1656: 1613:Moritz von Rohr 1598:Edward Scarlett 1548:, who had both 1538:Harry S. Truman 1519: 1480:Berthold Laufer 1436: 1390:Johannes Kepler 1342: 1319: 1296:Trecentonovelle 1256: 1215:Glasses Apostle 1207: 1122: 1085:Pliny the Elder 1041: 1035: 1030: 969: 961: 953:nickel titanium 941:stainless steel 929: 909:for pennies of 872: 867: 840: 789: 776: 766: 699: 693: 674: 653: 610: 564: 558: 529: 473: 467: 434: 424: 393:Pinhole glasses 347:Reading glasses 298:ophthalmologist 233: 227:Corrective lens 225:Main articles: 223: 215: 149:nearsightedness 100: 65: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5750: 5748: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5709: 5708: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5670:Shutter shades 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5430: 5428: 5422: 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4702: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4692:Shutter system 4689: 4684: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4562: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4498: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4435: 4427: 4426: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4410: 4403: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4378: 4368:on 2 June 2013 4352: 4332:"Spectacles", 4329: 4311: 4297: 4290: 4278: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4261:External links 4259: 4258: 4257: 4251: 4236: 4230: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4207: 4169: 4143: 4110: 4093: 4086: 4060: 4039: 4020: 3996: 3969: 3941: 3915: 3884: 3853: 3822: 3787: 3767: 3749: 3724: 3707:Swanson, Ana, 3699: 3684:"8.1 Monopoly" 3674: 3662:10.1086/466740 3636: 3630: 3599: 3589:, Red Ventures 3573: 3550: 3520: 3500: 3491: 3460:(2): 128–129. 3440: 3407: 3386: 3384:, p. 119. 3374: 3346: 3330: 3314: 3280: 3252: 3227: 3221: 3201: 3199:, p. 244. 3189: 3167: 3142: 3130: 3096: 3084: 3068: 3044: 3042:, p. 121. 3032: 3022:on 3 July 2007 3002: 2984:(4): 899–907, 2968: 2941: 2926: 2915: 2895: 2881: 2867: 2854: 2822: 2805: 2778: 2765:Optical Course 2755: 2728: 2703: 2678: 2653: 2628: 2611: 2581: 2541: 2514: 2478: 2462:BluTech Lenses 2449: 2424: 2406: 2374: 2349: 2324: 2298: 2273: 2252: 2213: 2188: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2120: 2103: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2084: 2082:Plurale tantum 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1965: 1962: 1876:Deirdre Barlow 1872:Anne Kirkbride 1802:Neville Cardus 1762: 1761:Personal image 1759: 1745: 1742: 1725: 1724:Redistribution 1722: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1655: 1652: 1632:contact lenses 1562:George Whatley 1525:A portrait of 1518: 1515: 1501:, states that 1485:Joseph Needham 1440:Francesco Redi 1435: 1432: 1206: 1203: 1156:On the Rainbow 1135:reading stones 1115:Book of Optics 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 968: 965: 960: 957: 928: 925: 924: 923: 918: 888: 885: 882:hypoallergenic 878: 871: 868: 866: 863: 862: 861: 853: 850: 847: 844: 839: 836: 835: 834: 830: 827: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 805: 799: 796: 793: 788: 785: 765: 762: 695:Main article: 692: 689: 673: 670: 652: 649: 609: 606: 560:Main article: 557: 554: 528: 525: 521:contact lenses 479:Woman wearing 469:Main article: 466: 463: 454:welding helmet 441:Safety glasses 428:Eye protection 423: 420: 316:or squinting. 222: 219: 214: 211: 156:eye protection 102: 101: 94: 91: 90: 81: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 63: 55: 54: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5749: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5699: 5694: 5688: 5685: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 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3400: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3375: 3370: 3363: 3359: 3358: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3284: 3281: 3270: 3266: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3241: 3237: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3222:9780486668468 3218: 3214: 3213: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3180: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3152: 3146: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3131: 3119: 3112: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3069: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3033: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3006: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2972: 2969: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2916:9780674823600 2912: 2908: 2907: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2788:Cable Temples 2782: 2779: 2767: 2766: 2759: 2756: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2732: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2707: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2689: 2682: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2657: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2632: 2629: 2624: 2623: 2615: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2598: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2468:on 4 May 2015 2467: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2407: 2402: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2378: 2375: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2350: 2338: 2334: 2328: 2325: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2299: 2287: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2262: 2256: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2217: 2214: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2178: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2159: 2151: 2146:Translation: 2133: 2132: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2088: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1896:players wore 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1855:and comedian 1854: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1806:"Tim" Killick 1803: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1760: 1758: 1750: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1665: 1660: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1621:Joshua Silver 1618: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1539: 1535: 1528: 1523: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1422:- opened in 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1370:convex lenses 1367: 1366:Bad Wildungen 1363: 1359: 1356:reading in a 1355: 1351: 1337: 1332: 1325: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1303: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1234:Central Italy 1230: 1228: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1129:of Ptolemy's 1128: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1090:The use of a 1088: 1086: 1082: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1058: 1055:, painted by 1054: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1039:Reading stone 1032: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 997: 993: 989: 985: 983: 973: 966: 964: 958: 956: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 926: 922: 919: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 889: 886: 883: 879: 877: 874: 873: 869: 864: 858: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 841: 837: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 811: 806: 804: 800: 797: 794: 791: 790: 786: 784: 770: 763: 761: 759: 755: 751: 746: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 698: 690: 688: 686: 684: 680: 671: 669: 666: 662: 658: 655:Recumbent or 650: 645: 640: 636: 634: 630: 625: 621: 617: 616: 607: 605: 603: 598: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 569: 563: 555: 553: 550: 546: 542: 533: 526: 524: 522: 516: 514: 510: 505: 500: 495: 493: 489: 482: 477: 472: 464: 462: 459: 455: 451: 442: 438: 433: 429: 421: 419: 417: 413: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 387: 382: 378: 376: 372: 370: 365: 363: 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 317: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 256: 252: 246: 242: 237: 232: 228: 220: 218: 212: 210: 208: 204: 200: 195: 193: 189: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 166: 162: 157: 152: 150: 146: 137: 133: 131: 127: 123: 120: 116: 112: 108: 98: 89: 85: 84:Ophthalmology 82: 80: 76: 72: 68: 61: 56: 51: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 5665:Solar viewer 5577: 5502:Deely bobber 5478:Hairwear and 5469:Sports visor 5255:Lamellenhelm 4892:Anthony Eden 4629:Night-vision 4619:Fatal Vision 4609:Dark adaptor 4576:Solar viewer 4434:/ spectacles 4431: 4370:, retrieved 4366:the original 4359: 4344:, retrieved 4340:the original 4334: 4241: 4220: 4189:(1): 38–52, 4186: 4182: 4172: 4161:, retrieved 4156: 4146: 4135:, retrieved 4131: 4119:Ghostarchive 4117:Archived at 4113: 4103: 4096: 4071: 4063: 4055:the Guardian 4054: 4033: 4015:the original 4009: 3988:, retrieved 3982: 3972: 3961:, retrieved 3951: 3944: 3933:, retrieved 3924: 3918: 3907:, retrieved 3903:the original 3893: 3887: 3876:, retrieved 3872:the original 3862: 3856: 3844:. Retrieved 3841:The Atlantic 3840: 3814:, retrieved 3810:the original 3799: 3790: 3779: 3770: 3761: 3752: 3741:, retrieved 3736: 3727: 3716:, retrieved 3712: 3702: 3691:, retrieved 3687: 3677: 3653: 3649: 3639: 3621: 3591:, retrieved 3586: 3576: 3565:, retrieved 3559: 3553: 3542:, retrieved 3538:the original 3533: 3523: 3515:the original 3509: 3503: 3494: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3432:, retrieved 3425:the original 3416: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3389: 3382:Needham 1962 3377: 3361: 3356: 3349: 3338:Needham 1962 3333: 3317: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3272:, retrieved 3268: 3244:, retrieved 3239: 3230: 3211: 3204: 3192: 3183: 3178: 3170: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3145: 3140:, p. 9. 3133: 3122:, retrieved 3117: 3094:, p. 6. 3087: 3071: 3060:, retrieved 3056: 3047: 3040:Needham 1962 3035: 3024:, retrieved 3020:the original 3015: 3005: 2981: 2978:Neurosurgery 2977: 2971: 2960:, retrieved 2956:the original 2950: 2944: 2935: 2929: 2921: 2905: 2898: 2884: 2870: 2862: 2857: 2842:(1): 30–40, 2839: 2835: 2825: 2817: 2808: 2797:, retrieved 2787: 2781: 2770:, retrieved 2764: 2758: 2747:, retrieved 2737: 2731: 2713: 2706: 2698:the original 2691: 2681: 2663: 2656: 2638: 2631: 2621: 2614: 2596: 2550: 2544: 2536:the original 2531: 2499: 2470:, retrieved 2466:the original 2461: 2452: 2441:, retrieved 2437: 2427: 2419: 2409: 2386: 2377: 2367:25 September 2365:. Retrieved 2361: 2352: 2341:, retrieved 2336: 2327: 2315:. Retrieved 2311: 2301: 2289:. Retrieved 2285: 2276: 2264:. Retrieved 2255: 2230: 2226: 2216: 2206:25 September 2204:. Retrieved 2200: 2191: 2180:, retrieved 2176: 2167: 2148: 2139:, retrieved 2130: 2123: 2111: 2106: 2097: 2077:X-ray vision 1967: 1945:Diana Prince 1937:Wonder Woman 1922: 1914:Jaleel White 1879: 1869: 1863:and getting 1836:Harry Potter 1824: 1799: 1791:Harold Lloyd 1779: 1755: 1727: 1713: 1706: 1687: 1673: 1669: 1643:memory metal 1629: 1610: 1586: 1584: 1569: 1568:, editor of 1543: 1496: 1494: 1490:Ming dynasty 1477: 1467: 1462:Ming dynasty 1448: 1437: 1434:Other claims 1417: 1412: 1394: 1347: 1324:Getty Center 1306: 1295: 1267: 1261: 1231: 1224: 1214: 1199:snow goggles 1187:smoky quartz 1180: 1155: 1151: 1150:'s treatise 1146: 1144:(960–1127). 1139: 1130: 1113: 1099: 1089: 1081:Emperor Nero 1078: 986: 978: 962: 930: 838:Temple types 782: 777: 1920s 747: 743: 700: 687: 675: 665:Liverpudlian 654: 619: 613: 611: 599: 573: 565: 538: 517: 509:mirrorshades 499:polarization 496: 485: 446: 409: 391: 373: 366: 359: 345: 318: 310:life quality 294:prescription 291: 260: 216: 196: 173: 169: 153: 142: 114: 110: 106: 105: 47: 5480:other items 5449:Face shield 5366:Firefighter 5350:Paratrooper 5305:Pickelhaube 5225:Boar's tusk 5144:Ferronnière 4828:Chilote cap 4644:Upside down 4481:Horn-rimmed 3930:ReSpectacle 3567:2 September 3324:, pp. 3322:Ilardi 2007 3274:21 November 3246:28 February 3197:Ilardi 2007 3138:Ilardi 2007 3092:Ilardi 2007 3076:Ilardi 2007 3062:18 February 2962:1 September 2443:1 September 1949:halo effect 1918:Steve Urkel 1844:hearing aid 1831:John Lennon 1827:Buddy Holly 1819:Steve Allen 1664:photo shoot 1580:George Airy 1576:astigmatism 1556:, invented 1529:, 1580–1645 1503:Vyasatirtha 1358:scriptorium 1343: 1805 1320: 1400 1257: 1255 1227:Roger Bacon 1175:Reza Abbasi 1160:Roger Bacon 1123: 1021 1092:convex lens 1014:rectangular 897:powder and 735:ultraviolet 727:sleep cycle 711:smartphones 677:filter out 575:Anaglyph 3D 492:ultraviolet 416:hearing aid 397:diffraction 355:astigmatism 302:optometrist 287:accommodate 275:astigmatism 207:stereoscopy 188:photophobia 70:Other names 18:Eye glasses 5711:Categories 5640:Sunglasses 5578:Eyeglasses 5532:Headphones 5407:Motorcycle 5359:Vocational 5290:Kulah khud 5240:Chalcidian 5235:Corinthian 5124:Coronation 4697:VR headset 4558:Sunglasses 4314:Audio help 4305:2008-03-31 3990:7 November 3816:19 October 3801:60 Minutes 3762:snopes.com 3737:Financhill 3593:25 October 3340:, p. 3124:18 October 3078:, p. 2799:27 January 2749:24 October 2177:Eyewa Blog 2160:References 2029:Sunglasses 1994:GI glasses 1953:stereotype 1933:Clark Kent 1857:Drew Carey 1840:Eric Sykes 1815:Jan Peerce 1654:In fashion 1606:lorgnettes 1566:John Fenno 1554:presbyopia 1450:Marco Polo 1424:Strasbourg 1378:presbyopia 1197:have used 1193:, and the 1183:sunglasses 1033:Precursors 891:3D-printed 723:eye strain 703:blue light 661:refraction 633:binoculars 624:telescopes 562:3D Viewers 556:3D glasses 549:Presbyopia 481:sunglasses 471:Sunglasses 465:Sunglasses 426:See also: 412:transistor 369:GI glasses 351:drugstores 325:presbyopia 279:presbyopia 245:refraction 221:Corrective 199:3D glasses 175:Sunglasses 115:spectacles 111:eyeglasses 5675:Teashades 5623:Lorgnette 5613:Pince-nez 5557:Scrunchie 5537:Headpiece 5512:Hair drop 5497:Claw clip 5434:Balaclava 5320:Stahlhelm 5063:Tengkolok 5012:Mitznefet 4860:Fez (hat) 4818:Casquette 4665:Blindfold 4604:Ballistic 4538:Trifocals 4508:Pince-nez 4491:Lorgnette 4421:Types of 4372:23 August 4203:150204262 3963:20 August 3909:20 August 3878:20 August 3670:154878241 3544:1 January 2247:0745-7472 2019:Pince-nez 1925:superhero 1910:geek chic 1890:Iron Chef 1810:cricketer 1720:counter. 1702:Luxottica 1588:pince-nez 1582:in 1825. 1374:hyperopia 1311:, by the 1246:Dominican 1205:Invention 1049:Dominican 1018:octagonal 1012:, panto, 937:beryllium 917:or nylon) 895:polyamide 865:Materials 772:Glasses, 707:computers 602:3D movies 583:polarized 552:driving. 329:hyperopia 314:headaches 306:lensmeter 161:radiation 88:optometry 79:Specialty 5680:Wayfarer 5660:Mirrored 5618:Lensless 5583:Browline 5562:Shpitzel 5552:Peinetón 5542:Kerchief 5527:Headband 5517:Hair tie 5507:Dush-toh 5487:Barrette 5454:Facekini 5439:Earmuffs 5402:Football 5371:Hard hat 5250:Imperial 5245:Phrygian 5159:Imperial 5002:Campaign 4987:Bearskin 4980:Military 4961:Tricorne 4929:Sombrero 4914:Pork pie 4823:Chupalla 4778:Baseball 4739:Headwear 4687:Eyepatch 4586:Wayfarer 4571:Mirrored 4528:Shooting 4523:Scissors 4486:Lensless 4451:Browline 4446:Bifocals 4316: · 4121:and the 3806:CBS News 3781:CBS News 3366:Section 3310:13306950 3269:BBC News 3185:glasses. 2922:De Iride 2793:archived 2743:archived 2723:archived 2673:archived 2648:archived 2606:archived 2577:26375236 2509:archived 2395:cite web 2343:10 April 2182:24 March 2045:See also 1935:, while 1929:Superman 1861:contacts 1848:deafness 1717:eye exam 1648:titanium 1625:silicone 1558:bifocals 1511:Sushruta 1472:zh:南都繁会图 1420:optician 1242:Florence 1152:De iride 1106:Ibn Sahl 1073:El Greco 1059:in 1352. 992:trifocal 945:titanium 719:dry eyes 615:bioptics 591:shutters 401:aperture 337:trifocal 203:3D films 192:migraine 5717:Glasses 5650:Glacier 5645:Aviator 5633:Rimless 5628:Monocle 5603:Goggles 5593:Cat eye 5588:Bug-eye 5571:Eyewear 5547:Peineta 5522:Hairnet 5492:Bumpits 5444:Earplug 5397:Bicycle 5392:Batting 5376:Welding 5300:Dragoon 5265:Barbute 5230:Ilyrian 5208:Helmets 5191: ( 5174:Queen's 5139:Eastern 5129:Coronet 5119:Corolla 5114:Consort 5104:Circlet 5099:Chaplet 5046:Wrapped 4971:Ushanka 4966:Trucker 4919:Salakot 4909:Pillbox 4887:Homburg 4875:Newsboy 4870:Coppola 4838:Cricket 4766:General 4682:Contact 4675:Blinker 4670:Blinder 4649:Welding 4639:Swedish 4624:Foggles 4614:Doggles 4596:Goggles 4581:Shutter 4566:Aviator 4543:Windsor 4518:Rimless 4513:Pinhole 4503:Monocle 4476:Groucho 4466:Chicken 4461:Cat eye 4456:Bug-eye 4432:glasses 4423:eyewear 4346:15 June 4303: ( 4274:minutes 4163:26 June 4137:26 June 4132:YouTube 4010:Eyewear 3935:11 July 3846:22 July 3563:, Zeiss 3486:4927695 3477:1208150 3026:28 June 2998:9574655 2568:4560556 2014:Monocle 1999:Goggles 1904:during 1744:Fashion 1405:convent 1397:riveted 1322:–1430 ( 1288:letters 1110:Alhazen 1096:Ptolemy 1028:History 988:Bifocal 857:springy 715:tablets 629:goggles 511:. Many 450:welding 432:Goggles 333:bifocal 241:skyline 122:eyewear 107:Glasses 53:Glasses 5655:Iggaak 5412:Racing 5340:Flight 5315:Brodie 5310:Adrian 5295:Kabuto 5280:Sallet 5275:Morion 5217:Combat 5193:laurel 5189:Wreath 5164:Makuṭa 5149:Fillet 5134:Diadem 5094:Astral 5083:Crowns 5068:Turban 5053:Do-rag 5022:Sailor 5017:Peaked 5007:Forage 4992:Boonie 4924:Salako 4882:Gandhi 4853:Trilby 4848:Fedora 4843:Easter 4833:Cowboy 4813:Buntal 4808:Bucket 4803:Bowler 4798:Bonnet 4793:Boater 4783:Beanie 4249: 4228: 4201: 4084: 3713:Forbes 3668: 3628: 3484: 3474: 3308: 3219: 2996: 2913: 2575: 2565: 2472:11 May 2317:3 July 2291:3 July 2266:3 July 2245: 2141:29 May 2116:retina 1964:Styles 1884:; and 1783:stigma 1684:Market 1604:" and 1550:myopia 1426:(then 1415:1400. 1386:myopia 1276:Murano 1272:Venice 1248:friar 1221:(1403) 1131:Optics 1101:Optics 1022:square 1001:myopic 994:, and 951:, and 933:alloys 903:Mykita 833:angle. 764:Frames 545:myopia 497:Light 422:Safety 296:of an 165:squash 126:lenses 119:vision 117:, are 5464:Scarf 5385:Sport 5270:Close 5260:Great 5184:Tiara 5179:State 5169:Naval 5087:bands 5027:Shako 4997:Busby 4954:Opera 4939:Straw 4904:Kofia 4788:Beret 4658:Other 4548:X-ray 4533:Smart 4496:Opera 4441:Belay 4430:(Eye) 4199:S2CID 4107:, BBC 3743:6 May 3718:6 May 3693:6 May 3666:S2CID 3434:3 May 3428:(PDF) 3421:(PDF) 3360:[ 3326:13–18 3114:(PDF) 2772:7 May 2135:(PDF) 2089:Notes 1636:laser 1617:Zeiss 1442:that 1413:circa 1409:Celle 1407:near 1382:aging 1280:guild 1195:Inuit 1191:China 1164:Italy 1020:, or 1006:round 949:monel 927:Metal 921:Nylon 787:Parts 705:from 657:prism 513:blind 488:light 458:Nylon 213:Types 95:[ 5345:Mk 7 5154:Hoop 5109:Camp 5073:Veil 5058:Hood 5032:Side 4899:Knit 4865:Flat 4755:caps 4750:Hats 4634:Snow 4374:2010 4348:2009 4247:ISBN 4226:ISBN 4165:2012 4139:2012 4104:News 4082:ISBN 3992:2019 3965:2008 3937:2017 3911:2008 3880:2008 3848:2023 3818:2012 3745:2021 3720:2021 3695:2021 3626:ISBN 3595:2021 3569:2007 3546:2014 3482:PMID 3436:2014 3306:PMID 3276:2019 3248:2015 3217:ISBN 3126:2021 3064:2021 3028:2007 2994:PMID 2964:2007 2911:ISBN 2801:2007 2774:2014 2751:2020 2573:PMID 2474:2015 2445:2017 2401:link 2369:2024 2345:2018 2319:2024 2293:2024 2268:2024 2243:ISSN 2208:2024 2184:2020 2143:2019 1829:and 1634:and 1615:and 1564:and 1552:and 1403:, a 1362:Alps 1238:Pisa 1213:The 1010:oval 748:The 713:and 566:The 430:and 335:and 327:and 304:. 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Index