1026:
2574:
877:
2563:
1014:
114:
867:
By 110 Ma the Mid-Atlantic Ridge reached south into the Proto-Caribbean and South
Atlantic, effectively separating South America from Africa, and continued rifting in the northern end completed the longitudinal extent of the Atlantic. In Panthalassa the Ontong-Java Mega-LIP resulted in the
1531:
Midtkandal, I.; Svensen, H. H.; Planke, S.; Corfu, F.; Polteau, S.; Torsvik, T. H.; Faleide, J. I.; GrundvĂĄg, S.-A.; Selnes, H.; KĂĽrschber, W.; Olaussen, S. (2016). "The Aptian (Early
Cretaceous) oceanic anoxic event (OAE1a) in Svalbard, Barents Sea, and the absolute age of the Barremian-Aptian
773:
large igneous province, emplaced in the South
Pacific at c. 120 Ma, is by far the largest LIP in Earth's history. The Ontong Java Plateau today covers an area of 1,860,000 km. In the Indian Ocean another LIP began to form at c. 120 Ma, the
754:(OAE1a) was carbon isotope dated to 123.1±0.3 Ma, limiting the possible range for the boundary to c. 122–121 Ma. There is a possible link between this anoxic event and a series of Early Cretaceous
1569:
Renne, P. R.; Ernesto, M.; Pacca, I. G.; Coe, R. S.; Glen, J. M.; Prévot, M.; Perrin, M. (1992). "The age of Paraná flood volcanism, rifting of
Gondwanaland, and the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary".
944:
mammal found in the Yixian
Formation, China, is one of the oldest mammal fossils found. The fossil location indicates early mammals began to diversify from Asia during the Early Cretaceous.
1943:
1655:
1756:
Wu, F. Y.; Lin, J. Q.; Wilde, S. A.; Zhang, X. O.; Yang, J. H. (2005). "Nature and significance of the Early
Cretaceous giant igneous event in eastern China".
1807:
455:
1936:
746:
Proposals for the exact age of the
Barremian–Aptian boundary ranged from 126 to 117 Ma until recently (as of 2019), but based on drillholes in
538:
472:
1929:
1614:
Seton, M.; MĂĽller, R. D.; Zahirovic, S.; Gaina, C.; Torsvik, T.; Shephard, G.; Talsma, A.; Gurnis, M.; Maus, S.; Chandler, M. (2012).
2602:
864:
formed the Bering Strait. Continued rifting opened new basins in the Indian Ocean, separating India, Antarctica, and
Australia.
1075:"The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Cenomanian Stage, Mont Risou, Hautes-Alpes, France"
1800:
861:
1486:
Luo, Z. X.; Ji, Q.; Wible, J. R.; Yuan, C. X. (2003). "An Early
Cretaceous tribosphenic mammal and metatherian evolution".
806:
1952:
673:
527:
2607:
1793:
856:
broke off from southern Africa at 132 Ma and
Madagascar ceased to move independently c. 120 Ma. In the
2597:
1714:
2225:
2220:
849:
1442:
1411:
868:
formation of new tectonic plates and in the Indian Ocean the Kerguelen LIP began to push India northward.
755:
614:
979:
900:
572:
853:
1765:
1729:
1670:
1627:
1578:
1541:
1495:
1403:
1359:
1030:
1416:
2556:
762:
1394:
Coffin, M. F.; Gahagan, L. M. (1995). "Ontong Java and Kerguelen Plateaux: Cretaceous Icelands?".
1200:
Herendeen, Patrick S.; Friis, Else Marie; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard; Crane, Peter R. (2017-03-03).
1694:
1602:
1557:
1519:
1429:
1375:
1237:
881:
821:
783:
727:
622:
2573:
1201:
648:
1304:"North Alaska Super Basin: Petroleum systems of the central Alaskan North Slope, United States"
790: 131–117 Ma, lasted for 10 million years. It was the result of the subduction of the
2354:
2318:
1686:
1594:
1511:
1467:
1323:
1229:
1221:
1005:
986:
825:
775:
770:
1303:
2448:
2323:
2292:
1773:
1769:
1737:
1733:
1678:
1635:
1586:
1549:
1503:
1457:
1421:
1367:
1315:
1213:
1089:
922:
918:
766:
876:
852:
continued to grow and the Paraná-Etendeka LIP began to break Africa into three pieces. The
118:
Map of Earth as it appeared 120 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous, Aptian stage
2417:
2313:
2251:
2146:
2115:
2084:
1834:
1094:
562:
301:
1674:
1631:
1582:
1545:
1499:
1407:
1363:
2567:
2386:
2256:
2151:
2120:
1018:
990:
1074:
17:
2591:
2287:
2277:
2246:
2209:
2141:
2110:
1905:
1615:
1561:
1433:
1347:
1241:
941:
908:
896:
845:
795:
719:
417:
281:
72:
1639:
1606:
1523:
2578:
2562:
2509:
2359:
2282:
1698:
1425:
1379:
1013:
993:
837:
833:
829:
779:
751:
663:
644:
608:
1590:
1553:
1443:"Morphological Clocks in Paleontology, and a Mid-Cretaceous Origin of Crown Aves"
2504:
2373:
2349:
2194:
1989:
1854:
1849:
936:
904:
857:
659:
336:
327:
47:
1777:
1741:
2499:
2459:
2402:
2302:
2199:
2073:
1973:
1921:
1880:
1844:
1816:
958:
949:
914:
892:
799:
791:
731:
601:
372:
318:
258:
92:
57:
1327:
1225:
688:
675:
2514:
2464:
2438:
2397:
2344:
2189:
2165:
2046:
2036:
2025:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1859:
1682:
1507:
1462:
1217:
963:
917:(flowering plants) appeared for the first time during the Early Cretaceous;
841:
735:
408:
399:
390:
345:
310:
269:
113:
97:
1690:
1654:
Sun, G.; Ji, Q.; Dilcher, D. L.; Zheng, S.; Nixon, K. C.; Wang, X. (2002).
1598:
1515:
1471:
1233:
2474:
2469:
2433:
2333:
2266:
2235:
2130:
2099:
2060:
2010:
1984:
1960:
1885:
989:
shale and carbonate, Lower Cretaceous highly radioactive zone shale, and
983:
967:
953:
888:
814:
747:
618:
381:
247:
235:
222:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
1319:
2488:
2428:
2178:
2015:
1999:
102:
77:
2524:
2407:
2041:
1869:
1864:
1371:
921:, one of the oldest fossil families (124.6 Ma) was found in the
810:
667:
363:
354:
1785:
1715:"The single largest oceanic plateau: Ontong Java–Manihiki–Hikurangi"
1348:"First Mesozoic mammal from Australia—an early Cretaceous monotreme"
1055:
817:
per year, beginning 133 Ma and lasting for a million years.
2548:
2544:
2540:
1616:"Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200Ma"
1346:
Archer, M.; Flannery, T. F.; Ritchie, A.; Molnar, R. E. (1985).
929:
730:
name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the
41:
1925:
1789:
1202:"Palaeobotanical redux: revisiting the age of the angiosperms"
130:
928:
This time also saw the evolution of the first members of the
1441:
Lee, Michael S. Y.; Cau, A.; Naish, D.; Dyke, G. J. (2014).
1115:
1289:
782:, together covering 2,300,000 km. Another LIP on the
1187:
1175:
1073:
Kennedy, W.; Gale, A.; Lees, J.; Caron, M. (March 2004).
956:(placentals) and had feet adapted for climbing trees.
820:
The opening of the Central Atlantic continued as the
1302:
Masterson, W. Dallam; Holba, Albert G. (June 2021).
1163:
734:. It is usually considered to stretch from 145
2523:
2487:
2447:
2416:
2385:
2372:
2332:
2301:
2265:
2234:
2208:
2177:
2164:
2129:
2098:
2072:
2059:
2024:
1998:
1972:
1959:
704:
655:
639:
631:
594:
586:
578:
568:
558:
553:
545:
533:
523:
518:
510:
502:
494:
489:
123:
32:
880:Restoration of the environment and animals of the
1656:"Archaefructaceae, a new basal angiosperm family"
1534:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1254:
840:, Greenland became a separate tectonic plate and
1266:
1151:
982:has been interpreted as being sourced from the
471:Subdivision of the Cretaceous according to the
1277:
1937:
1801:
1139:
836:in the Arctic Ocean. With the opening of the
805:During the opening of the South Atlantic the
8:
966:(egg-lying mammal) discovered. It lived in
891:appeared or came into prominence, including
478:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.
2382:
2174:
2069:
1969:
1944:
1930:
1922:
1825:
1808:
1794:
1786:
1054:International Commission on Stratigraphy.
1461:
1415:
1093:
860:the Pacific Plate continued to grow; the
875:
632:Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)
1046:
798:plates, which was probably caused by a
1127:
29:
7:
752:early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a
595:Lower boundary definition candidates
445:
27:First epoch of the Cretaceous Period
2543:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
1758:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1722:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
887:During this time many new types of
2547:= megaannum (millions years ago);
25:
2551:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1396:Journal of the Geological Society
2572:
2561:
1024:
1012:
970:(now Australia) at 105 Ma.
112:
1640:10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.002
1095:10.18814/epiiugs/2004/v27i1/003
809:LIP produced 1.5 million km of
1426:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1995.152.01.27
1190:, 120–100 Ma (Figs. 22 and 23)
1178:, 140–120 Ma (Figs. 21 and 22)
862:Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane
1:
1990:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
824:spread north to separate the
787:
1591:10.1126/science.258.5084.975
1554:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.09.023
948:was more closely related to
649:Rotalipora globotruncanoides
1953:Geological history of Earth
907:, while survivors from the
2624:
2226:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
2221:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1985:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1778:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.019
1742:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.049
2538:
2510:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
2360:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1823:
1140:Coffin & Gahagan 1995
640:Upper boundary definition
587:Lower boundary definition
468:
128:
111:
37:
2603:Cretaceous geochronology
2505:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
2350:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
2195:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
2047:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
2037:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
1056:"ICS - Chart/Time Scale"
1031:Palaeontology portal
495:Chronostratigraphic name
2500:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
2465:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
2460:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
2403:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
2293:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
2200:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
2011:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
1770:2005E&PSL.233..103W
1734:2006E&PSL.241..372T
1683:10.1126/science.1069439
1508:10.1126/science.1090718
1218:10.1038/nplants.2017.15
1142:, The Plateaux, p. 1047
756:large igneous provinces
176:−100 —
166:−110 —
156:−120 —
146:−130 —
136:−140 —
2470:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
2439:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
2398:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
2345:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
2190:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
2016:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
1830:Lower/Early Cretaceous
1116:Midtkandal et al. 2016
911:continued to persist.
884:
832:and to connect to the
645:Planktonic Foraminifer
206:−70 —
196:−80 —
186:−90 —
33:Early/Lower Cretaceous
18:Early Cretaceous epoch
2475:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
2434:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
2355:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
2042:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
1835:Upper/Late Cretaceous
1620:Earth-Science Reviews
1463:10.1093/sysbio/syt110
980:Prudhoe Bay Oil Field
879:
503:Geochronological name
2515:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
2408:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
2288:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
2278:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
1060:www.stratigraphy.org
940:, a 125 Ma-old
901:carcharodontosaurids
590:Not formally defined
2570: •
2559: •
2557:Geologic time scale
2319:Middle (458–470 Ma)
2283:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
2252:Middle (383–393 Ma)
2147:Middle (237–247 Ma)
2116:Middle (164–174 Ma)
1713:Taylor, B. (2006).
1675:2002Sci...296..899S
1632:2012ESRv..113..212S
1583:1992Sci...258..975R
1546:2016PPP...463..126M
1500:2003Sci...302.1934L
1494:(5652): 1934–1940.
1408:1995JGSoc.152.1047C
1364:1985Natur.318..363A
1320:10.1306/01282120057
850:Proto-Caribbean Sea
728:chronostratigraphic
705:Upper GSSP ratified
685: /
656:Upper boundary GSSP
579:Time span formality
2568:Geology portal
2429:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
2324:Early (470–485 Ma)
2257:Early (393–419 Ma)
2152:Early (247–252 Ma)
2121:Early (174–201 Ma)
2090:Early (100–145 Ma)
2085:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1450:Systematic Biology
1290:Archer et al. 1985
1019:Geology portal
952:(marsupials) than
885:
882:Bahariya Formation
858:Panthalassic Ocean
828:from the banks of
822:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
784:Liaodong Peninsula
738:to 100.5 Ma.
689:44.3925°N 5.5119°E
623:Berriasella jacobi
569:Stratigraphic unit
559:Chronological unit
546:Time scale(s) used
2608:Geological epochs
2585:
2584:
2483:
2482:
2449:Paleoproterozoic
2368:
2367:
2314:Late (444–458 Ma)
2247:Late (359–383 Ma)
2160:
2159:
2142:Late (201–237 Ma)
2111:Late (145–164 Ma)
2055:
2054:
1976:(present–2.58 Ma)
1964:(present–66.0 Ma)
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1817:Cretaceous Period
1669:(5569): 899–904.
1577:(5084): 975–979.
1358:(6044): 363–366.
1188:Seton et al. 2012
1176:Seton et al. 2012
1164:Renne et al. 1992
1006:Geological period
987:Shublik Formation
826:Iberian Peninsula
776:Kerguelen Plateau
712:
711:
600:Magnetic—base of
519:Usage information
484:
483:
464:
463:
40:~145.0 – 100.5
16:(Redirected from
2615:
2598:Early Cretaceous
2579:World portal
2577:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2528:
2492:
2452:
2421:
2418:Mesoproterozoic
2390:
2383:
2378:
2337:
2306:
2270:
2239:
2213:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2134:
2103:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2029:
2003:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1826:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1781:
1764:(1–2): 103–119.
1752:
1750:
1748:
1728:(3–4): 372–380.
1719:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1610:
1565:
1527:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1465:
1447:
1437:
1419:
1402:(6): 1047–1052.
1390:
1388:
1386:
1372:10.1038/318363a0
1332:
1331:
1314:(6): 1233–1291.
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1079:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1016:
932:(modern birds).
923:Yixian Formation
919:Archaefructaceae
854:Falkland Plateau
789:
724:Lower Cretaceous
720:geochronological
716:Early Cretaceous
700:
699:
697:
696:
695:
690:
686:
683:
682:
681:
678:
506:Early Cretaceous
498:Lower Cretaceous
451:
446:
420:
411:
402:
393:
384:
375:
366:
357:
348:
339:
330:
321:
305:
304:
294:
293:
274:
263:
261:
241:
227:
225:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
131:
116:
107:
44:
30:
21:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2571:
2560:
2552:
2534:
2526:
2519:
2490:
2479:
2450:
2443:
2419:
2412:
2388:
2387:Neoproterozoic
2377:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
2376:
2375:
2374:Proterozoic Eon
2364:
2335:
2328:
2304:
2297:
2268:
2261:
2237:
2230:
2211:
2204:
2180:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2132:
2125:
2101:
2094:
2075:
2063:
2062:
2051:
2027:
2020:
2001:
1994:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1874:
1819:
1814:
1784:
1755:
1746:
1744:
1717:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1658:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1613:
1568:
1530:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1445:
1440:
1417:10.1.1.884.6604
1393:
1384:
1382:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1278:Luo et al. 2003
1276:
1272:
1267:Lee et al. 2014
1265:
1261:
1255:Sun et al. 2002
1253:
1249:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1025:
1023:
1011:
1002:
976:
874:
807:Paraná–Etendeka
744:
694:44.3925; 5.5119
693:
691:
687:
684:
679:
676:
674:
672:
671:
670:
485:
480:
479:
477:
460:
457:
449:
442:
441:
437:
436:
432:
431:
427:
426:
422:
421:
416:
413:
412:
407:
404:
403:
398:
395:
394:
389:
386:
385:
380:
377:
376:
371:
368:
367:
362:
359:
358:
353:
350:
349:
344:
341:
340:
335:
332:
331:
326:
323:
322:
317:
314:
313:
307:
306:
300:
299:
296:
295:
289:
288:
285:
284:
278:
277:
272:
270:
265:
264:
257:
255:
252:
251:
243:
242:
237:
233:
230:
229:
228:
221:
219:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
119:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2380:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2210:Carboniferous
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2172:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2067:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2028:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2002:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1783:
1782:
1753:
1710:
1651:
1626:(3): 212–270.
1611:
1566:
1528:
1483:
1456:(1): 442–449.
1438:
1391:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1259:
1247:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1152:Wu et al. 2005
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1065:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1009:
1008:
1001:
998:
991:Lower Jurassic
975:
972:
962:is the oldest
942:boreosphenidan
873:
870:
743:
740:
710:
709:
706:
702:
701:
657:
653:
652:
641:
637:
636:
633:
629:
628:
627:
626:
612:
605:
596:
592:
591:
588:
584:
583:
580:
576:
575:
570:
566:
565:
560:
556:
555:
551:
550:
549:ICS Time Scale
547:
543:
542:
535:
534:Regional usage
531:
530:
525:
524:Celestial body
521:
520:
516:
515:
512:
511:Name formality
508:
507:
504:
500:
499:
496:
492:
491:
487:
486:
482:
481:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
454:
452:
443:
439:
438:
434:
433:
429:
428:
424:
423:
415:
414:
406:
405:
397:
396:
388:
387:
379:
378:
370:
369:
361:
360:
352:
351:
343:
342:
334:
333:
325:
324:
316:
315:
309:
308:
298:
297:
287:
286:
280:
279:
267:
266:
254:
253:
245:
244:
232:
231:
218:
217:
216:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
126:
125:
121:
120:
117:
109:
108:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2620:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2486:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
2384:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2166:Paleozoic Era
2163:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:(66.0–145 Ma)
2071:
2068:
2066:
2064:(66.0–252 Ma)
2058:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1907:
1906:Maastrichtian
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:AAPG Bulletin
1305:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:Nature Plants
1203:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
995:
992:
988:
985:
981:
973:
971:
969:
965:
961:
960:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
938:
933:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
910:
909:Late Jurassic
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
883:
878:
871:
869:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:North America
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
785:
781:
777:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
750:the defining
749:
741:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
722:name) or the
721:
717:
707:
703:
698:
669:
665:
661:
658:
654:
651:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
624:
620:
616:
613:
610:
606:
603:
599:
598:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:
571:
567:
564:
561:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
529:
526:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
476:
475:, as of 2022.
474:
467:
459:
453:
448:
447:
444:
419:
418:Maastrichtian
410:
401:
392:
383:
374:
365:
356:
347:
338:
329:
320:
312:
303:
292:
283:
276:
275:
262:
260:
250:
249:
240:
239:
226:
224:
215:
133:
132:
127:
122:
115:
110:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
36:
31:
19:
2553:
2489:Archean Eon
2451:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
2336:(485–539 Ma)
2305:(444–485 Ma)
2269:(419–444 Ma)
2238:(359–419 Ma)
2212:(299–359 Ma)
2181:(252–299 Ma)
2169:(252–539 Ma)
2133:(201–252 Ma)
2102:(145–201 Ma)
2089:
2061:Mesozoic Era
1961:Cenozoic Era
1829:
1761:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1725:
1721:
1702:. Retrieved
1666:
1662:
1643:. Retrieved
1623:
1619:
1574:
1570:
1537:
1533:
1491:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1453:
1449:
1399:
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1355:
1351:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1262:
1250:
1212:(3): 17015.
1209:
1205:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1085:
1081:
1068:
1059:
1049:
1022:
1010:
994:Kingak Shale
977:
957:
950:metatherians
945:
935:
934:
927:
913:
905:coelurosaurs
897:spinosaurids
893:ceratopsians
886:
866:
838:Labrador Sea
834:Canada Basin
830:Newfoundland
819:
804:
780:Broken Ridge
760:
745:
723:
715:
713:
664:Hautes-Alpes
647:
621:
609:Calpionellid
470:
290:
268:
256:
246:
234:
220:
2525:Hadean Eon
2303:Ordovician
2074:Cretaceous
1974:Quaternary
1855:Hauterivian
1850:Valanginian
1540:: 126–135.
1532:boundary".
1128:Taylor 2006
1101:13 December
978:Oil in the
946:Sinodelphys
937:Sinodelphys
915:Angiosperms
763:Ontong Java
692: /
660:Mont Risoux
643:FAD of the
337:Hauterivian
328:Valanginian
2592:Categories
2527:(4–4.6 Ga)
2491:(2.5–4 Ga)
2420:(1–1.6 Ga)
2026:Paleogene
1881:Cenomanian
1845:Berriasian
1645:23 October
1292:, Abstract
1280:, Abstract
1257:, Abstract
1166:, Abstract
1154:, Abstract
1130:, Abstract
1118:, Abstract
1036:References
959:Steropodon
954:eutherians
930:Neornithes
800:superplume
732:Cretaceous
677:44°23′33″N
554:Definition
458:extinction
373:Cenomanian
319:Berriasian
259:Cretaceous
124:Chronology
2554:See also:
2334:Cambrian
2267:Silurian
2236:Devonian
2131:Triassic
2100:Jurassic
1901:Campanian
1896:Santonian
1891:Coniacian
1860:Barremian
1562:132576803
1434:128821082
1412:CiteSeerX
1328:0149-1423
1242:205458714
1226:2055-0278
1088:: 21–32.
974:Oil shale
964:monotreme
925:, China.
872:Evolution
842:Laurentia
815:rhyolites
786:, China,
771:Hikurangi
680:5°30′43″E
490:Etymology
456:K-Pg mass
409:Campanian
400:Santonian
391:Coniacian
346:Barremian
311:Paleocene
2179:Permian
2000:Neogene
1886:Turonian
1691:11988572
1607:43246541
1599:17794593
1524:18032860
1516:14671295
1472:24449041
1234:28260783
1082:Episodes
1000:See also
984:Triassic
968:Gondwana
889:dinosaur
767:Manihiki
748:Svalbard
619:Ammonite
607:Base of
537:Global (
382:Turonian
223:Mesozoic
1766:Bibcode
1747:28 July
1730:Bibcode
1704:28 July
1699:1910388
1671:Bibcode
1663:Science
1628:Bibcode
1579:Bibcode
1571:Science
1542:Bibcode
1496:Bibcode
1488:Science
1477:28 July
1404:Bibcode
1385:28 July
1380:4342084
1360:Bibcode
1339:Sources
844:became
811:basalts
796:Pacific
758:(LIP).
742:Geology
450:←
211:–
201:–
191:–
181:–
171:–
161:–
151:–
141:–
2533:
1870:Albian
1865:Aptian
1697:
1689:
1605:
1597:
1560:
1522:
1514:
1470:
1432:
1414:
1378:
1352:Nature
1326:
1240:
1232:
1224:
848:. The
668:France
611:zone B
582:Formal
573:Series
514:Formal
440:
435:
430:
425:
364:Albian
355:Aptian
282:Late J
1718:(PDF)
1695:S2CID
1659:(PDF)
1603:S2CID
1558:S2CID
1520:S2CID
1446:(PDF)
1430:S2CID
1376:S2CID
1238:S2CID
1078:(PDF)
1041:Notes
602:Chron
563:Epoch
528:Earth
291:Early
1749:2019
1706:2019
1687:PMID
1647:2016
1595:PMID
1512:PMID
1479:2019
1468:PMID
1387:2019
1324:ISSN
1230:PMID
1222:ISSN
1103:2020
903:and
813:and
794:and
792:Kula
761:The
714:The
708:2002
635:None
604:M18r
302:Late
48:Preęž’
1774:doi
1762:233
1738:doi
1726:241
1679:doi
1667:296
1636:doi
1624:113
1587:doi
1575:258
1550:doi
1538:463
1504:doi
1492:302
1458:doi
1422:doi
1400:152
1368:doi
1356:318
1316:doi
1312:105
1214:doi
1090:doi
617:of
615:FAD
539:ICS
473:ICS
2594::
2549:Ga
2545:Ma
2541:ka
1772:.
1760:.
1736:.
1724:.
1720:.
1693:.
1685:.
1677:.
1665:.
1661:.
1634:.
1622:.
1618:.
1601:.
1593:.
1585:.
1573:.
1556:.
1548:.
1536:.
1518:.
1510:.
1502:.
1490:.
1466:.
1454:63
1452:.
1448:.
1428:.
1420:.
1410:.
1398:.
1374:.
1366:.
1354:.
1350:.
1322:.
1310:.
1306:.
1236:.
1228:.
1220:.
1208:.
1204:.
1086:27
1084:.
1080:.
1058:.
996:.
899:,
895:,
802:.
788:c.
736:Ma
666:,
662:,
98:Pg
42:Ma
1945:e
1938:t
1931:v
1809:e
1802:t
1795:v
1780:.
1776::
1768::
1751:.
1740::
1732::
1708:.
1681::
1673::
1649:.
1638::
1630::
1609:.
1589::
1581::
1564:.
1552::
1544::
1526:.
1506::
1498::
1481:.
1460::
1436:.
1424::
1406::
1389:.
1370::
1362::
1330:.
1318::
1244:.
1216::
1210:3
1105:.
1092::
1062:.
778:–
769:-
765:-
726:(
718:(
541:)
273:g
271:P
248:J
238:Z
236:C
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:ęž’
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
