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the instrument body virtually invisible to the animals. A second sensor images other copepods, phytoplankton and particles at very high magnification. Another advantage of these small "optical probes" is the minimal disruption of the current-field in the measuring volume, allowing for less disturbed surveys of microturbulence and shear.
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The system is submerged, and a digital camera observes the exits. The dynIMAGE software monitors the frequency of decisions per exit. Many thousand of glasseels pass through the system on a single day. The three exits in the left lower corner carry water from polluted sources (one is a drinking water
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with a tip diameter of 11 mm is used. The endoscope is camouflaged to reduce the brightness-contrast against the background: the top is black and the sides are silvery. Additionally, the front of the ROV is covered by a mirror, reflecting a light gradient resembling the natural scene and making
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and mixes in the central chamber. It exits through a small tube in the middle. The glasseels migrate through this small tube heading into the current. In the middle is the entrance for the eels. They test the different water qualities and migrate toward the corner, where they exit.
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Video (50%, looping, each image shifted to compensate the rolling microturbulences from the waves) of feeding juvenile herring (38 mm) on copepods - the fish approach from below and catch each copepod individually. In the middle of the image a copepod escapes successfully to the
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and microparticles in highly productive waters where herring live. With the ecoSCOPE, the predators are illuminated by natural light, the prey by a light sheet, projected via a second endoscope from strobed
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Depicted in the image on the right is the central unit. On all four corners are small entrances, through which water from different sources enters (in this case, rivers and creeks in
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Glasseel at the transition from ocean to freshwater; the freshwater flows from the left to the right. Glasseels are extremely difficult to image because they are transparent; see
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The ecoSCOPE is a product of the new initiative of "Ocean Online
Biosensors": a synthesis of IT-sensoric and the sensing capability of ocean organisms.
464:"Tuning the ecoscope for the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries : Perspectives on eco-system-based approaches to the management of marine resources"
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in the typical oblique swimming position - the animal in the upper right in the classical S-shape of the beginning phase of an attack of probably a
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closer than 40 cm. The ecoSCOPE allows observation of feeding herring from a distance of only 4 cm. From 40 cm, the herrings' prey (
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Detail of the mixing chamber - Closeup on the migrating glasseels. Visible through the transparent skin are the gills and the heart
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and the United States). For the future it is anticipated to deploy ecoSCOPEs continuously online, within the project
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showing a prey item, probably a copepod pulled to the body by contracting the fibres in a corkscrew fashion.
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that states a
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An ecoSCOPE was also deployed to measure the dynamics of particles in a polluted estuary: see image on
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The twelve exits on the sides and the entrance in the middle, in front of a CD for comparison
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Although an ROV may be very small and quiet, it is impossible to approach feeding
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The 3-D ecoSCOPE: A tool for investigating microdynamics and microdistributions"
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is an optical sensor system, deployed from a small remotely operated vehicle (
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Filter feeding of
Antarctic krill, slowed to 1/12th of actual speed
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system, utilizing the orientation capacity of juvenile glasseel.
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International Marine Data and
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protruding into the security sphere of the alert herrings, an
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Proceedings of the 14th Annual
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is very well visible in the transparent animal in the middle
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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and microdistribution of small organisms in the ocean.
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1286:Conservation
1274:
1241:
1234:
1017:conservation
972:Algal blooms
957:Water column
872:Pelagic fish
852:Coastal fish
798:OSTM/Jason-2
773:Bioeconomics
727:
708:Acoustic tag
678:Fish counter
542:
537:
517:
506:
502:
489:
470:
466:
446:American eel
411:
363:
343:Projekt off
330:
328:reservoir).
326:
303:
283:
272:
228:
207:
200:
188:
177:of light by
164:
146:
144:
120:
111:
92:
62:
53:
30:
1210:Overfishing
1122:Catch share
952:Marine snow
937:Sardine run
922:Fish screen
917:Fish ladder
867:Forage fish
505:, Beihefte
322:Great Lakes
1531:Categories
1434:Greenpeace
1142:Slot limit
1085:Management
1009:management
977:Dead zones
932:Salmon run
912:Eel ladder
808:Institutes
648:Fish stock
473:: 272-275.
457:References
372:Baltic Sea
286:New Jersey
175:deflection
161:Deployment
40:improve it
1404:WorldFish
1369:SeaChoice
982:Fish kill
962:Upwelling
927:Migration
834:fisheries
628:Fisheries
370:from the
290:labyrinth
195:endoscope
44:verifying
1414:HERMIONE
1342:Advocacy
1254:Discards
788:FishBase
778:EconMult
728:EcoSCOPE
533:D. Pauly
509:: 83-96.
495:Archived
440:See also
418:project.
318:trillion
171:copepods
155:behavior
147:ecoSCOPE
1450:CalCOFI
1419:PROFISH
1349:FishAct
1249:Bycatch
783:Ecopath
698:Biomass
630:science
598:Fishery
545:: ix-x.
490:in situ
486:(1992)
484:Kils, U
412:in situ
392:copepod
364:In situ
229:In situ
191:garfish
167:herring
100:Please
38:Please
1389:Oceana
1152:EU MLS
535:(eds)
337:Europe
141:left.
1277:case
1015:and
832:Wild
614:and
531:and
396:yolk
349:fish
310:nose
306:eels
184:LEDs
145:The
1028:Law
471:274
416:LEO
341:LEO
151:ROV
42:by
1533::
1011:,
1007:,
543:26
507:36
501:,
469:,
434:.
351:.
239:.
205:.
590:e
583:t
576:v
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
108:.
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
36:.
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