Wuthering Heights - Knowledge (XXG)

2648:" is most likely the best-known creative work inspired by Brontë's story that is not properly an "adaptation". Bush wrote the song when she was 18 and chose it as the lead single from her debut album. It was primarily inspired by her viewing of the 1967 BBC adaptation. The song is sung from Catherine's point of view as she pleads at Heathcliff's window to be admitted. It uses quotations from Catherine, both in the chorus ("Let me in! I'm so cold!") and the verses, with Catherine admitting she had "bad dreams in the night". Critic Sheila Whiteley wrote that the ethereal quality of the vocal resonates with Cathy's dementia, and that Bush's high register has both "childlike qualities in its purity of tone" and an "underlying eroticism in its sinuous erotic contours". Singer 751:: The main narrator of the novel, Nelly is a servant to three generations of the Earnshaws and two of the Linton family. Humbly born, she regards herself nevertheless as Hindley's foster-sister (they are the same age and her mother is his nurse). She lives and works among the rough inhabitants of Wuthering Heights but is well-read, and she also experiences the more genteel manners of Thrushcross Grange. She is referred to as Ellen, her given name, to show respect, and as Nelly among those close to her. Critics have discussed how far her actions as an apparent bystander affect the other characters and how much her narrative can be relied on. In "The Villain in 47: 1632: 767:: Catherine's elder brother, Hindley, despises Heathcliff immediately and bullies him throughout their childhood before his father sends him away to college. Hindley returns with his wife, Frances, after Mr Earnshaw dies. He is more mature, but his hatred of Heathcliff remains the same. After Frances's death, Hindley reverts to destructive behaviour, neglects his son, and ruins the Earnshaw family by drinking and gambling to excess. Heathcliff beats Hindley up at one point after Hindley fails in his attempt to kill Heathcliff with a pistol. He dies less than a year after Catherine and leaves his son with nothing. 773:: The son of Hindley and Frances, raised at first by Nelly but soon by Heathcliff. Joseph works to instill a sense of pride in the Earnshaw heritage (even though Hareton will not inherit Earnshaw's property, because Hindley has mortgaged it to Heathcliff). Heathcliff, in contrast, teaches him vulgarities as a way of avenging himself on Hindley. Hareton speaks with an accent similar to Joseph's, and occupies a position similar to that of a servant at Wuthering Heights, unaware that he has been done out of his inheritance. He can only read his name. In appearance, he reminds Heathcliff of his aunt, Catherine. 328: 2086: 1389:... a combination of two speakers who outline the events of the plot within the framework of a story within a story. The frame story is that of Lockwood, who informs us of his meeting with the strange and mysterious "family" living in almost total isolation in the stony uncultivated land of northern England. The inner story is that of Nelly Dean, who transmits to Lockwood the history of the two families during the last two generations. Nelly Dean examines the events retrospectively and attempts to report them as an objective eyewitness to Lockwood. 739:: First introduced to the reader after her death, through Lockwood's discovery of her diary and carvings. The description of her life is confined almost entirely to the first volume. She seems unsure whether she is, or wants to become, more like Heathcliff, or aspires to be more like Edgar. Some critics have argued that her decision to marry Edgar Linton is allegorically a rejection of nature and a surrender to culture, a choice with unfortunate, fateful consequences for all the other characters. She dies hours after giving birth to her daughter. 304:, at his remote moorland farmhouse, Wuthering Heights. There he meets a reserved young woman (later identified as Cathy Linton), Joseph, a cantankerous servant, and Hareton, an uneducated young man who speaks like a servant. Everyone is sullen and inhospitable. Snowed in for the night, Lockwood reads the diary of the former inhabitant of his room, Catherine Earnshaw, and has a nightmare in which a ghostly Catherine begs to enter through the window. Awakened by Lockwood's fearful yells, Heathcliff is troubled. 1746:, and remember that the writers were two retiring, solitary, consumptive girls! Books, coarse even for men, coarse in language and coarse in conception, the coarseness apparently of violence and uncultivated men – turn out to be the productions of two girls living almost alone, filling their loneliness with quiet studies, and writing their books from a sense of duty, hating the pictures they drew, yet drawing them with austere conscientiousness! There is matter here for the moralist or critic to speculate on. 6211: 779:: The daughter of Catherine and Edgar Linton, a spirited and strong-willed girl unaware of her parents' history. Edgar is very protective of her and as a result, she is eager to discover what lies beyond the confines of the Grange. Although one of the more sympathetic characters of the novel, she is also somewhat snobbish towards Hareton and his lack of education. She is forced to marry Linton Heathcliff, but after he dies she falls in love with Hareton and they marry. 785:: The son of Heathcliff and Isabella. A weak child, his early years are spent with his mother in the south of England. He learns of his father's identity and existence only after his mother dies when he is twelve. In his selfishness and capacity for cruelty he resembles Heathcliff; physically, he resembles his mother. He marries Cathy Linton because his father, who terrifies him, directs him to do so, and soon after he dies from a wasting illness associated with 1682:" in order to marry Edgar Linton, assuming a domesticity that is contrary to her true nature. It has also been suggested that Catherine's relationship with Heathcliff conforms to the "dynamics of the Gothic romance, in that the woman falls prey to the more or less demonic instincts of her lover, suffers from the violence of his feelings, and at the end is entangled by his thwarted passion". See also the discussion of the daemonic below, under "Religion". 3253:, 'Sidonia the Sorceress' was translated into English the following year by Lady Wilde, Oscar Wilde's mother. The painter and poet Dante Gabriel Rossetti was fascinated by the story and introduced William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones to it in the 1850s. Burne-Jones was inspired to paint various scenes from the text including full-length figure studies of Sidonia and her foil Clara in 1860. Both paintings are now in the Tate collection." 1305: 1245:" being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather. Pure, bracing ventilation they must have up there at all times, indeed. One may guess the power of the north wind blowing over the edge by the excessive slant of a few stunted firs at the end of the house, and by a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving 6653: 1998:"as a symbolic representation of the class system of 19th-century England", with its concerns "with property-ownership, the attraction of social comforts", marriage, education, religion, and social status. Driven by a pathological hatred Heathcliff uses against his enemies "their own weapons of money and arranged marriages", as well as "the classic methods of the ruling class, expropriation and property deals". 2030:

Maja-Lisa von Sneidern states that "Heathcliff's racial otherness cannot be a matter of dispute; Brontë makes that explicit", further noting that "by 1804 Liverpool merchants were responsible for more than eighty-four percent of the British transatlantic slave trade." Michael Stewart sees Heathcliff's race as "ambiguous" and argues that Emily Brontë "deliberately gives us this missing hole in the narrative".

745:: Introduced as a child in the Linton family, he resides at Thrushcross Grange. Edgar's style and manners are in sharp contrast to those of Heathcliff, who instantly dislikes him, and of Catherine, who is drawn to him. Catherine marries him instead of Heathcliff because of his higher social status, with disastrous results to all characters in the story. He dotes on his wife and later his daughter. 5733: 6091: 362:

Heathcliff schemes to ensure that they marry in order to ensure his claim to Thrushcross Grange, and on Edgar's death demands that the couple move in with him. He becomes increasingly wild and reveals that on the night Catherine died he dug up her grave, and ever since has been plagued by her ghost. When Linton dies, Cathy has no option but to remain at Wuthering Heights.

1889:... perfect unity between the self and the other is age-old", so that Catherine says that she loves Heathcliff "because he's more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same" (Chapter IX). Likewise Lord David Cecil suggests that "the deepest attachments are based on characters' similarity or affinity", However 1222:

those aspects of the earth which were most akin to what they themselves felt or imputed to their characters, and so their storms, their moors, their lovely spaces of summer weather are not ornaments applied to decorate a dull page or display the writer's powers of observation—they carry on the emotion and light up the meaning of the book.

761:: Edgar's sister. She views Heathcliff romantically, despite Catherine's warnings, and becomes an unwitting participant in his plot for revenge against Edgar. Heathcliff marries her but treats her abusively. While pregnant, she escapes to London and gives birth to a son, Linton. She entrusts her son to her brother Edgar when she dies. 720:, but critics have pointed out that he reinvents himself at various points, making his character hard to fit into any single type. He has an ambiguous position in society, and his lack of status is underlined by the fact that "Heathcliff" is both his given name and his surname. The character of Heathcliff may have been inspired by 351:

cuts off contact. Catherine responds by locking herself in her room and refusing food; pregnant with Edgar's child, she never fully recovers. At Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff gambles with Hindley, who mortgages the property to him to pay his debts. Heathcliff elopes with Isabella, but the relationship fails and they soon return.

817:: Catherine's and Hindley's father, Mr Earnshaw is the master of Wuthering Heights at the beginning of Nelly's story and is described as an irascible but loving and kind-hearted man. He favours his adopted son, Heathcliff, which causes trouble in the family. In contrast, his wife mistrusts Heathcliff from their first encounter. 755:" (1958) James Hafley argues that Nelly seems to be the moral centre of the novel only because of the instability and violence of the world she describes. In his view, she is the true villain of the novel, as she drives the majority of the conflicts, and Lockwood's faith in her story is a sign of his innocence. 2231:

as Heathcliff is the first colour version of the novel. It has gained acceptance over the years although it was initially poorly received. The character of Hindley is portrayed much more sympathetically, and his story-arc is altered. It also subtly suggests that Heathcliff may be Cathy's illegitimate

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in 1883, writes: "As was the author's life, so is her book in all things: troubled and taintless, with little of rest in it, and nothing of reproach. It may be true that not many will ever take it to their hearts; it is certain that those who do like it will like nothing very much better in the whole

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the reader is shocked, disgusted, almost sickened by details of cruelty, inhumanity, and the most diabolical hate and vengeance, and anon come passages of powerful testimony to the supreme power of love – even over demons in the human form. The women in the book are of a strange fiendish-angelic

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Respecting a book so original as this, and written with so much power of imagination, it is natural that there should be many opinions. Indeed, its power is so predominant that it is not easy after a hasty reading to analyze one's impressions so as to speak of its merits and demerits with confidence.

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were mixed. Most critics recognised the power and imagination of the novel, but were baffled by the storyline, and objected to the savagery and selfishness of the characters. In 1847, when the background of an author was given great importance in literary criticism, many critics were intrigued by the

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from Liverpool, who is taken by Earnshaw to Wuthering Heights, where he is reluctantly cared for by the family and spoiled by his adoptive father. He and Mr. Earnshaw's daughter, Catherine, grow close, and their love is the central theme of the first volume. His revenge against the man she chooses to

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that the Brontë children were exposed to through their Aunt Branwell". A major influence on how Brontë depicts amoral characters was the stories her father Patrick Brontë told, about "the doings" of people around Haworth that his parishioners told him, "stories which 'made one shiver and shrink from

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We have Wuthering Heights, the land of storm; high on the barren moorland, naked to the shock of the elements, the natural home of the Earnshaw family, fiery, untamed children of the storm. On the other hand, sheltered in the leafy valley below, stands Thrushcross Grange, the appropriate home of the

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In the whole story not a single trait of character is elicited which can command our admiration, not one of the fine feelings of our nature seems to have formed a part in the composition of its principal actors. In spite of the disgusting coarsness of much of the dialogue, and the improbabilities of

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Three years after his departure, with Edgar and Catherine having married in the meantime, Heathcliff unexpectedly returns, now a wealthy gentleman. He encourages Isabella's infatuation with him as a means of revenge on Catherine. Enraged by Heathcliff's constant presence at Thrushcross Grange, Edgar

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if they choose to write in prose, intolerant of its restrictions. Hence it is that both Emily and Charlotte are always invoking the help of nature. They both feel the need of some more powerful symbol of the vast and slumbering passions in human nature than words or actions can convey. They seized

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Cathy has been teaching the still-uneducated Hareton to read. They plan to marry and move to the Grange, accompanied by Nelly, with Joseph being left to take care of Wuthering Heights. Nelly reports that the locals have seen the ghosts of Catherine and Heathcliff wandering abroad together. Lockwood

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Heathcliff gave up his opposition to Cathy and Hareton's union. He declined physically and started seeing visions of the dead Catherine; he avoided the young couple, saying that he could not bear to see Catherine's eyes, which they both shared, looking at him. He eventually stopped eating, and some

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Frances dies after giving birth to a son, Hareton. Two years later, Catherine becomes engaged to Edgar. She confesses to Nelly that she loves Heathcliff, and will try to help him, but feels she cannot marry him because of his low social status. Nelly warns her against the plan. Heathcliff overhears

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reviewed a re-release of this film as "an almost magical example of how an artist of genius can take someone else's classic work and shape it to fit his own temperament without really violating it," noting that the film was thoroughly Spanish and Catholic in its tone while still highly faithful to

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Various critics have explored the various contrast between Thrushcross Grange and the Wuthering Heights farmhouse and their inhabitants. Lord David Cecil argued for "cosmic forces as the central impetus and controlling force in the novel" and suggested that there is a unifying structure underlying

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suggests that Heathcliff may have been an escaped slave, noting the similarities between the way Heathcliff is treated and the way slaves were treated at the time: he is referred to as "it", his name "served him" as both his "Christian and surname", and Mr Earnshaw is referred to as "his owner".

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technique to narrate most of the story. Thus, for example, Lockwood, the first narrator of the story, tells the story of Nelly, who herself tells the story of another character. The use of a character like Nelly Dean is a literary device, a well-known convention taken from the Gothic novel, the

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is famous for reputedly being the inspiration for Thrushcross Grange, since Brontë was a frequent visitor. However, it does not match the description given in the novel and is closer in size and appearance to the farmhouse of Wuthering Heights. The Brontë biographer Winifred Gerin believed that

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than in any novel of the nineteenth century, and, for good measure, more beauty too, more poetry, and, what is more unusual, a complete lack of sexual emotion. ... Emily Brontë, striding over the Yorkshire moors with her dog, did not conjure from her imagination any cozy tale of happy lovers to

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It seems to me advisable to modify the orthography of the old servant Joseph's speeches; for though, as it stands, it exactly renders the Yorkshire dialect to a Yorkshire ear, yet I am sure Southerns must find it unintelligible; and thus one of the most graphic characters in the book is lost on

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Twelve years later, after Isabella's death, the still-sickly Linton is brought back to live with his uncle Edgar at the Grange, but Heathcliff insists that his son must instead live with him. Cathy and Linton (respectively at the Grange and Wuthering Heights) gradually develop a relationship.

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Children Edgar Linton and his sister Isabella live nearby at Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff and Catherine spy on them. When Catherine is attacked by their dog, the Lintons take her in, but send Heathcliff home. The Lintons visit, and Hindley and Edgar make fun of Heathcliff; a fight ensues.

1987:. This caused a disruption in "the traditional relationship of social classes" with an expanding upwardly mobile middle-class, which created "a new standard for defining a gentleman", and challenged the traditional criteria of breeding and family and the more recent criterion of character. 1755:

Emily Brontë attended church regularly and came from a religious family. Emily "never as far as we know, wrote anything which overtly criticised conventional religion. But she also has the reputation of being a rebel and iconoclast, driven by a spirit more pagan than orthodox Christian."

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Brontë was supposedly unaware of "the limits on polite expression" expected of Victorian novelists. Her characters use vulgar language, "cursing and swearing". Though the daughter of a curate, Brontë shows little respect for religion in the novel; the only strongly religious character in

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releases extraordinary new energies in the novel, renews its potential, and almost reinvents the genre. The scope and drift of its imagination, its passionate exploration of a fatal yet regenerative love affair, and its brilliant manipulation of time and space put it in a league of its

1764:"a thirst for religious experience, 'which is not Christian'. It is this spirit which moves Catherine to exclaim, 'surely you and everybody have a notion that there is, or should be, an existence of yours beyond you. What were the use of my creation if I were entirely contained here? 975:

This is a strange book. It is not without evidences of considerable power: but, as a whole, it is wild, confused, disjointed, and improbable; and the people who make up the drama, which is tragic enough in its consequences, are savages ruder than those who lived before the days of

6094: 1813:... the primal nature of religious experience over and above its doctrinal formulations". This corresponds with the dictionary meaning: "of or relating to an inner or attendant spirit, esp. as a source of creative inspiration or genius". This meaning was important to the 2070: 795:: A servant at Wuthering Heights for 60 years who is a rigid, self-righteous Christian but lacks any trace of genuine kindness or humanity. He hates nearly everyone in the novel. The Yorkshire dialect that Joseph speaks was the subject of a 1970 book by the linguist 1864:

as a love story not only "romanticizes abusive men and toxic relationships but goes against Brontë's clear intent". Moreover, while a "passionate, doomed, death-transcending relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw Linton forms the core of the novel",

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We have been taken and carried through a new region, a melancholy waste, with here and there patches of beauty; have been brought in contact with fierce passions, with extremes of love and hate, and with sorrow that none but those who have suffered can understand."

2025:", a 19th-century term for Indian sailors; Mr Earnshaw calls him "as dark almost as if it came from the devil", and Nelly Dean speculates fancifully regarding his origins thus: "Who knows but your father was Emperor of China, and your mother an Indian queen?" 2344:

also has a transposed setting, this time to medieval Japan. In Yoshida's version, the Heathcliff character, Onimaru, is raised in a nearby community of priests who worship a local fire god. Filipino director Carlos Siguion-Reyna made a film adaptation titled

2047:... and the principle of calm", which he further argued were not, "in spite of their apparent opposition", in conflict. Dorothy van Ghent, however, refers to "a tension between two kinds of reality" in the novel: "civilized manners" and "natural energies". 1978:

Lockwood arrives at Thrushcross Grange in 1801, a time when, according to Q.D. Leavis, "the old rough farming culture, based on a naturally patriarchal family life, was to be challenged, tamed and routed by social and cultural changes". At this date the

1832:, is a powerful jinn or demon. However, John Bowen believes that "this is too simple a view", because the novel presents an alternative explanation of Heathcliff's cruel and sadistic behaviour; that is, that he has suffered terribly: "is an orphan; 320:, Earnshaw brings home a young orphan whom he names Heathcliff. Earnshaw treats the boy as his favourite. His own children he neglects, especially after his wife dies. Hindley beats Heathcliff, who gradually becomes close friends with Catherine. 730:

that affected him a few years before his death. Even though Heathcliff has no alcohol or drug problems, the influence of Branwell's character is likely; although the same could be said, perhaps more appropriately, of Hindley Earnshaw and Linton

835:: A servant to Heathcliff at Wuthering Heights during the period following Catherine's death. Although she is kind to Lockwood, she doesn't like or help Cathy at Wuthering Heights because of Cathy's arrogance and Heathcliff's instructions. 358:, and Heathcliff rages, calling on her ghost to haunt him for as long as he lives. Isabella flees south where she gives birth to Heathcliff's son, Linton. Hindley dies six months later, leaving Heathcliff as master of Wuthering Heights. 1208:

By that singular and forlorn scenery—the scenery of the Yorkshire moors round her home— was, however, in the more flexible portion of her curious nature inveterately influenced. She does not precisely describe this scenery—not at any

2177:, but has been withheld from public viewing. Kneale's script was also adapted for Australian television in 1959 during a time when original drama productions in the country were rare. Broadcast live from Sydney, the performance was 1376:

Most of the novel is the story told by housekeeper Nelly Dean to Lockwood, though the novel uses several narrators (in fact, five or six) to place the story in perspective, or in a variety of perspectives. Emily Brontë uses this

1397:. The author has been described as sarcastic toward Lockwood, who fancies himself a world-weary romantic but comes across as an effete snob, and there are subtler hints that Nelly's perspective is influenced by her own biases. 1828:". Heathcliff is also "dark-skinned", "as dark almost as if it came from the devil". Likewise Charlotte Brontë described him "'a man's shape animated by demon life – a Ghoul – an Afreet'". In Arabian mythology an "afreet", or 2682:

alludes to the Brontë novel not only in the album's title but also in the titles of two of its tracks, "Unquiet Slumbers for the Sleepers..." and "...In That Quiet Earth". Both titles refer to the closing lines of the novel.

1873:... consistently subverts the romantic narrative. Our first encounter with Heathcliff shows him to be a nasty bully. Later, Brontë puts in Heathcliff's mouth an explicit warning not to turn him into a Byronic hero: After 927:

wrote: "How a human being could have attempted such a book as the present without committing suicide before he had finished a dozen chapters, is a mystery. It is a compound of vulgar depravity and unnatural horrors".

1085:"affirmed Emily's literary craft and meticulous planning of the novel and disproved Charlotte's presentation of her sister as an unconscious artist who 'did not know what she had done'." However, for a later critic, 3188: 2733: 307:

Lockwood later returns to Thrushcross Grange in heavy snow, falls ill from the cold and becomes bedridden. While he recovers, Lockwood's housekeeper Ellen "Nelly" Dean tells him the story of the strange family.

841:: Edgar's corruptible lawyer who should have changed Edgar's will to prevent Heathcliff from gaining Thrushcross Grange. Instead, Green changes sides and helps Heathcliff to inherit the Grange as his property. 254:

is now widely considered to be one of the greatest novels ever written in English, but contemporaneous reviews were polarised. It was controversial for its depictions of mental and physical cruelty, including

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at number 71, saying: "Widely considered a staple of Gothic fiction and the English literary canon, this book has gone on to inspire many generations of writers – and will continue to do so".

1006:", but, in the same letter, he also referred to it as "a fiend of a book – an incredible monster ... The action is laid in hell, – only it seems places and people have English names there". 2009:(London: McMillan, 1975), further explores the power relationships between "the landed gentry and aristocracy, the traditional power-holders, and the capitalist, industrial middle classes". Haworth in the 829:: The longtime doctor of Gimmerton and a friend of Hindley's who is present at the cases of illness during the novel. Although not much of his character is known, he seems to be a rough but honest person. 323:

Hindley departs for university, returning as the new master of Wuthering Heights on the death of his father three years later. He and his new wife Frances allow Heathcliff to stay, but only as a servant.

1899:(1949), suggests that when Catherine says "I am Heathcliff": "her own world collapse(s) in contingence, for she really lives in his." Beauvoir sees this as "the fatal mirage of the ideal of romantic love 805:: The first narrator, he rents Thrushcross Grange to escape society, but in the end, decides society is preferable. He narrates the book until Chapter 4, when the main narrator, Nelly, picks up the tale. 1573:, where (as he saw it) "events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society". Scott describes romance as a "kindred term" to novel. However, romances such as 883:

and also provided it with her foreword. She addressed the faulty punctuation and orthography but also diluted Joseph's thick Yorkshire dialect. Writing to her publisher, W. S. Williams, she said that

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is a French mini-series in six 26-minute episodes, in black and white, created and directed by Jean-Paul Carrère based on the novel, and broadcast between 1964 and 1968 on the first ORTF channel.

1538:, among the uncouth and quarrelsome squirearchical Osbaldistones", while Cathy Earnshaw "has strong similarities with Diana Vernon, who is equally out of place among her boorish relations". 2131:. This acclaimed adaptation, like many others, eliminated the second generation's story (young Cathy, Linton and Hareton) and is rather inaccurate as a literary adaptation. It won the 1939 373:

Lockwood grows tired of the moors and moves away. Eight months later he returns for a visit, and Nelly, now the housekeeper at Wuthering Heights, tells him what has happened since he left.

1970:(1861). Bronte's characters "are heavily influenced by their childhood experiences", though she is less optimistic than her contemporaries that suffering can lead to "change and renewal". 1775:(Macmillan, 1977), argues that the allusions to Heaven and Hell are more than metaphors, and have a religious significance, because "for Heathcliff, the loss of Catherine is literally Hell 2331:

and set in Catholic Mexico, with Heathcliff and Cathy renamed Alejandro and Catalina. In Buñuel's version Heathcliff/Alejandro claims to have become rich by making a deal with Satan. The

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is a strange sort of book,—baffling all regular criticism; yet, it is impossible to begin and not finish it; and quite as impossible to lay it aside afterwards and say nothing about. In

823:: Edgar's and Isabella's parents, they bring up their children to be well-behaved and sophisticated. Mr Linton also serves as the magistrate of Gimmerton, as his son does in later years. 1070:... It is this suggestion of power underlying the apparitions of human nature and lifting them up into the presence of greatness that gives the book its huge stature among other novels. 811:: Hindley's ailing wife and mother of Hareton Earnshaw. She is described as somewhat silly and is obviously from a humble family. Frances dies not long after the birth of her son. 7029: 2698:". He said that the song was "about being enslaved and obsessed by love" and compared it to "Heathcliff digging up Cathy's corpse and dancing with it in the cold moonlight". 1860:

as being both "one of the greatest love stories in the English language" and at the same time one of the "most brutal revenge narratives". Some critics suggest that reading

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of the book starring Ken Hutchinson, Kay Adshead and John Duttine, with music by Carl Davis; it is considered one of the most faithful adaptations of Emily Brontë's story.

1066:... She looked out upon a world cleft into gigantic disorder and felt within her the power to unite it in a book. That gigantic ambition is to be felt throughout the novel 2755: 3170: 1685:

At one point in the novel Heathcliff is thought a vampire. It has been suggested that both he and Catherine are in fact meant to be seen as vampire-like personalities.

1565:. Walter Scott defined this as "a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents". Scott distinguished the 1549:. Such heroes had a strong sexual magnetism and passionate spirit, and demonstrated arrogance and black-heartedness. The Brontës had discovered Byron in an article in 1335:

where Emily worked briefly as a governess in 1838, now demolished, has also been suggested as a model for Wuthering Heights. However, it is too grand for a farmhouse.

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There is no evidence that either Thrushcross Grange or Wuthering Heights is based on an actual building, but various locations have been speculated as inspirations.

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Thirty years earlier, the Earnshaws live at Wuthering Heights with their two children, Hindley and Catherine, and a servant—Nelly herself. Returning from a trip to

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of Yorkshire was especially affected by changes to society and its class structure "because of the concentration of large estates and industrial centers" there.

1779:... 'existence after losing her would be Hell' (Ch. xiv, p. 117)." Likewise, in the final scene between them, Heathcliff writhes "in the torments of Hell (XV)". 4421: 3259: 6519: 1400:

The narrative in addition includes an excerpt from Catherine Earnshaw's old diary, and short sections narrated by Heathcliff, Isabella, and another servant.

3631: 1288:, "in the 1965 Penguin English Library edition referred to Cecil's interpretation as being 'persuasively argued' though not fully acceptable". The entry on 6690: 6148: 855:

The original text as published by Thomas Cautley Newby in 1847 is available online in two parts. The novel was first published together with Anne Brontë's

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as the greatest love story of all time. However, "some of the novel's admirers consider it not a love story at all but an exploration of evil and abuse".

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admired the book, writing in 1854 that it was "the first novel I've read for an age, and the best (as regards power and sound style) for two ages, except

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Despite all the passion between Catherine and Heathcliff, critics have from early on drawn attention to the absence of sex. In 1850 the poet and critic

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Helen Smart, "Introduction" to Wuthering Heights. Edited by Ian Jack and Introduction and notes by Helen Small. Oxford University Press, 2009, p. xiii.

1296:, states that "the ending of the novel points to a union of 'the two contrasting worlds and moral orders represented by the Heights and the Grange'". 6560: 7044: 6284: 4442: 1471:

provided knowledge of world affairs and was a source of material for the Brontës' early writing. Emily Brontë was probably aware of the debate on

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Likewise Virginia Woolf suggests the importance of the Yorkshire landscape of Haworth to the poetic vision of both Emily and Charlotte Brontë:

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hearing' (Charlotte's friend Ellen Nussey reported)", which were "full of grim humour" and violence, stories Emily Brontë took "as a truth".

1809:, and in her poetry, Emily Brontë concentrates on "the non-conceptual", or what Rudolf Otto has called 'the non-rational' aspect of religion 7079: 6961: 6807: 6797: 6782: 3831: 2493: 3901: 1922:

suggests their relationship is sexless, "because the two, unknown to themselves, are half-siblings, with an unconscious fear of incest".

1623:, with its "emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending". Emily Brontë's approach to the novel form was influenced by the gothic novel. 1153:

in his list of 100 greatest novels of all time. And in 2015 he placed it in his list of 100 best novels written in English. He said that

7094: 7074: 6576: 2165:. Broadcast live, no recordings of the production are known to exist. The second adaptation using Kneale's script was in 1962, starring 932: 2446:. The film charts the life of Brontë and the inspiration she gained for writing Wuthering Heights living in the Yorkshire countryside. 7019: 6864: 6802: 6787: 6027: 6009: 5952: 4688: 4038: 3999: 3680: 3521: 3234: 2994: 2236: 2203: 2132: 985: 31: 3406: 5971: 5797: 5630: 120: 2691: 5864:

https://web.archive.org/web/20040908000033/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/laws/jurisprudence/jurisprudence-review/content/jr_rahman_2000.pdf

1479:. It raised questions of divine providence and the violence which underlies the universe and relationships between living things. 1165:

Writing for BBC Culture in 2015 author and book reviewer Jane Ciabattari polled 82 book critics from outside the UK and presented

7049: 7034: 6759: 6738: 6713: 2056: 1015: 268: 6906: 6875: 6683: 6141: 4015: 3681:

Brigit Katz, "The House That May Have Inspired 'Wuthering Heights' Is Up for Sale". Smithsonian Magazine online, March 12, 2019

1631: 354:

When Heathcliff discovers that Catherine is dying, he visits her in secret. She dies shortly after giving birth to a daughter,

327: 46: 6432: 2786: 1112:

of the English novel because it was "a 'kind of sport'—an anomaly with 'some influence of an essentially undetectable kind.'"

7024: 7004: 6939: 4305: 2154: 2136: 1213:... but it sank so deeply into her that whatever she wrote was affected by it and bears its desolate and imaginative imprint. 724:. An alcoholic and an opium addict, he would have indeed terrorised Emily and her sister Charlotte during frequent crises of 707: 545: 301: 207: 5740: 1100:, commented "that Emily Brontë was not properly appreciated; even her admirers saw her as an 'unequal genius'," and in 1948 919:

review called it a "strange, inartistic story", but commented that every chapter seems to contain a "sort of rugged power."

5399: 2734:"New Novels, Published by Mr. Newby, in 3 vols, this day, Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, by Acton and Ellis Bell, Esqrs" 1824:

can also mean "a demon or devil", and that is equally relevant to Heathcliff, whom Peter McInerney describes as "a Satanic

7069: 6999: 6869: 6851: 6841: 6820: 6792: 6769: 6764: 6733: 6728: 2367: 2341: 2320: 2305: 2253: 2224: 2115: 2098: 2074: 3372: 3056: 967: 7054: 6994: 6901: 3906: 3420: 2085: 1034:

was regarded as the best of the Brontë sisters' novels". This view began to change in the 1880s with the publication of

347:

part of the conversation and, misunderstanding Catherine's heart, flees the household. Catherine falls ill, distraught.

142: 7089: 6911: 6299: 5117: 4980: 4895: 4814: 4516: 4461: 3319: 1742: 1348: 6358: 5543: 5490: 5019: 4972: 4810: 5109: 3315: 2021:

There has been debate about Heathcliff's race or ethnicity. He is described as a "dark-skinned gypsy" and "a little

1591:

are often referred to as novels. Other European languages do not distinguish between romance and novel: "a novel is

6989: 6676: 6491: 6365: 6134: 5884: 5134: 4457: 4197: 4165: 2935: 2566: 2277:

is notable for including the oft-omitted second generation story of the children of Cathy, Hindley and Heathcliff.

1562: 1010: 5556: 7009: 6826: 6656: 6426: 5288: 4906: 3635: 2347: 1939: 1805:' in literature". Otto links the "daemonic" with "a genuine religious experience". Lisa Wang argues that in both 4887: 4512: 1505:, and the attempts to subvert and escape such restriction. Emily Brontë's Cathy Earnshaw and Charlotte Brontë's 381:

seeks out the graves of Catherine, Edgar, and Heathcliff, and is convinced that all three are finally at peace.

6967: 6465: 6242: 3610: 3446: 2645: 2190: 1553:

from August 1825. Byron had died the previous year. Byron became synonymous with the prohibited and audacious.

276: 1408:

Brontë possessed an exceptional education of classical culture for a woman of the time. She was familiar with

5042:

Caryl Philips, A Regular Black: The Hidden Wuthering Heights, dir. by Adam Low (Lone Star Productions, 2010).

1934:. Emily Brontë "understands that 'The Child is 'Father of the Man' (Wordsworth, 'My heart leaps up', 1. 7)". 6857: 6325: 5540:

A Successful Novel Must Be in Want of a Sequel: Second Takes on Classics from The Scarlet Letter to Rebecca.

4551: 2633:. This version, which stays close to the original novel, was shortlisted for the Stan Lee Excelsior Awards. 1467: 1365: 1332: 3460: 3091:

Joudrey, Thomas J. (2015). "'Well, we must be for ourselves in the long run': Selfishness and Sociality in

1655:(1764) is usually considered the first gothic novel. Walpole's declared aim was to combine elements of the 1368:

parish, as more likely, referring to Hilda Marsden's article "The Scenic Background of Wuthering Heights".

7064: 4915: 3077: 2422: 2174: 1706:

dealt with violence and immorality. One called it "a compound of vulgar depravity and unnatural horrors".

999: 4742: 3293: 2463: 1188:

journalist and author Ceri Radford and news presenter, journalist, and TV producer Chris Harvey included

1013:

was another early admirer of the novel, and in conclusion for an essay on Emily Brontë, published in the

7099: 7084: 6883: 6198: 5438: 4194: 3278: 2426: 2381: 2373: 1980: 1960: 1651: 1506: 1502: 915: 716:

marry and its consequences are the central theme of the second volume. Heathcliff has been considered a

6605: 1659:, which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict 4834:

Kathryn Pauly Morgan, "Romantic Love, Altruism, and Self-Respect: An Analysis of Simone De Beauvoir".

4792:. Edited by Ian Jack and Introduction and notes by Helen Small. Oxford University Press, 2009, p. vii. 4381:. Edited by Ian Jack and Introduction and notes by Helen Small. Oxford University Press, 2009, p. vii. 6916: 6637: 6597: 6459: 6420: 3033: 3011: 2352: 1793: 1394: 1328: 1308: 923: 100: 4226:"Domesticity and the Female Demon in Charlotte Dacre's Zofloya and Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights" 2433:. Although it did not fare as well as other movies of Dilip Kumar, it was well received by critics. 6752: 6566: 6554: 6513: 6501: 6408: 6235: 6210: 6165: 6117: 6065: 5073:"Heathcliff, Race and Adam Low's Documentary, A Regular Black: The Hidden Wuthering Heights (2010)" 3696: 2710: 2674: 2626: 2402: 1472: 1457: 1417: 1324: 1280:(1954), likewise "spoke of the two houses in the novel as symbolising 'two opposed principles which 1109: 1035: 235: 206:, the Earnshaws and the Lintons, and their turbulent relationships with the Earnshaws' foster son, 4225: 1237:. The first description is provided by Lockwood, the new tenant of the nearby Thrushcross Grange: 6944: 6775: 6414: 5139: 5092: 4841: 4606: 4568: 4270: 3942: 3392: 3112: 2952: 2831: 2778: 2662: 2397: 2385: 2337: 2257: 2162: 1966: 1890: 1193: 892:

Irene Wiltshire, in an essay on dialect and speech, examines some of the changes Charlotte made.

860: 735: 528: 260: 6396: 5313: 1946:, explored ideas about the way childhood shaped personality. One outcome of this was the German 1678:. Catherine Earnshaw has been identified by some critics as a type of gothic demon because she " 721: 5646: 5217: 4719: 6744: 6629: 6621: 6550: 6523: 6485: 6384: 6249: 6082: 6038: 6023: 6005: 5986: 5967: 5948: 5942: 5927: 5809: 5793: 5626: 5622: 5616: 5521: 5347: 5275: 5161: 5072: 4836: 4478: 4338: 4301: 4034: 4011: 3995: 3972:

Macqueen, James (June 1826). "Geography of Central Africa. Denham and Clapperton's Journals".

3772: 3661: 3517: 3230: 3072: 2990: 2886: 2857: 2467: 2442: 1757: 1320: 1116: 1086: 1075: 712: 127: 115: 5372: 4773: 4492: 4332: 4297: 3224: 6668: 6613: 6376: 6344: 6190: 6157: 5905: 5853: 5831: 5084: 4666: 4560: 4260: 4233: 3934: 3749: 3722: 3585: 3250: 3104: 3025: 2944: 2823: 2770: 2596: 2455: 2297: 2281: 2274: 2120: 2089: 1656: 1639: 1578: 1542: 1452: 1428: 1253: 1093: 726: 355: 153: 4932:, ed. by Ian Gregor (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1970; repro 1986), pp. 19–33 (p. 32). 1983:

was well under way, and was by 1847 a dominant force in much of England, and especially in

1352:. Helen Smart, while noting that Thrushcross Grange has "traditionally been associated with 1304: 244:, but they were published later. After Emily's death, Charlotte edited a second edition of 169: 6182: 6070: 5830:, edited by Glen, Heather. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 192–213. 5231: 5173: 3254: 2803: 2478: 2309: 2293: 2249: 2195: 2158: 1728: 1582: 1518: 946: 6699: 6402: 6219: 3116: 2618:

at the turn of the 20th century, which Condé stated she intended as an homage to Brontë.

2591: 188: 60: 2562:, in which an unnamed narrator moves into a butcher's mansion "with a life of its own." 2522:

and might be called an adaptation of the story in a post-World War II Japanese setting.

962:

nature, tantalising, and terrible, and the men are indescribable out of the book itself.

6390: 6275: 5249: 5232:"Wuthering Heights (1978) – Trailers, Reviews, Synopsis, Showtimes and Cast – AllMovie" 4910: 2849: 2679: 2503: 2459: 2418: 2410: 2328: 2301: 2228: 2211: 2199: 2069: 2026: 2002: 1984: 1919: 1895: 1675: 1660: 1646: 1535: 1343: 1234: 1042: 256: 225: 215: 200: 82: 5509: 1327:. However, its structure does not match that of the farmhouse described in the novel. 6983: 6507: 6256: 5603: 5096: 4290: 4274: 2835: 2782: 2630: 2622: 2537:, as well as the ghost of Emily Brontë, feature as prominent roles in the narrative. 2526: 2356: 2313: 2270: 2170: 2128: 2110: 1991: 1911: 1699: 1674:, developed a feminist theory that connects female writers such as Emily Brontë with 1620: 1616: 1513: 1498: 1409: 1382:

function of which is to portray the events in a more mysterious and exciting manner.

1285: 1173: 1146: 196: 4597:

Ljungquist, Kent (1980). "Uses of the Daemon in Selected Works of Edgar Allan Poe".

1089:, "it is a splendid, imperfect novel which Brontë loses control over occasionally". 6544: 6228: 4528: 4500: 2687: 2657: 2547: 2508: 2414: 2360: 2166: 2150: 2142: 2124: 2093: 1788: 1679: 1546: 1490: 1486: 1357: 1273: 1101: 786: 717: 264: 5088: 4535:(1923); 2nd ed., trans. J. W. Harvey (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1950) p. 5. 3279:"Full text of "Letters of Dante Gabriel Rossetti to William Allingham, 1854–1870"" 2907:

The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Imagination

2577:

namely in terms of the narrative role of powerful, cruel and desolate landscapes.

2544:, Valerie Browne Lester imagines an origin story for Heathcliff in 1760s Jamaica. 5423: 5340:"Wuthering Heights review – Emma Rice's audacious riff on Emily Brontë's classic" 6954: 6120:, with 230 library catalogue records – including 110 records of editions of 5680: 4877:, 2d ed. (London, I895), pp. 260–270 (first appeared in the Athenaeum for 1883). 4426:, Heathcliff, the Brontë Sisters, and their Faith in the Bible and Christianity" 3700: 2667: 2649: 2437: 2406: 2207: 2010: 1885:"I am Heathcliff" is a frequently quoted phrase from the novel, and "the idea of 1853: 1814: 1667: 1482: 1413: 1412:

and was a good Latinist. In addition she was especially influenced by the poets

1378: 1338: 1323:, was suggested as the model for Wuthering Heights by Ellen Nussey, a friend of 1316: 332: 293: 211: 5835: 3726: 6846: 6580: 6351: 6291: 5857: 5777: 4670: 4564: 3264: 3205: 3129: 3108: 2706: 2615: 2581: 1935: 1723: 1361: 796: 230: 174: 5909: 5771: 5525: 5351: 4888:

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/novel_19c/wuthering/sex.html

4743:

John Bowen, "Who is Heathcliff?" (The novel 1832–1880) British Library online

4689:"Wuthering Heights realises Brontë's vision with its dark-skinned Heathcliff" 3356:

Michael S. Macovski, "Wuthering Heights and the Rhetoric of Interpretation".

2807: 2625:

version was published by Classical Comics. It was adapted by Scottish writer

1497:. The Brontës' fiction is seen by some feminist critics as prime examples of 1242: 6813: 6475: 6335: 6174: 4774:

Marin Wainwright, "Emily hits heights in poll to find greatest love story".

2774: 2641: 2558:

series. The collection functions as a queer Taiwanese-American retelling of

2474: 2289: 2244: 2178: 1954: 1918:

concurs, referring to their "passionate and ardent chastity". More recently

1915: 1715: 1587: 1422: 1058: 1030: 879:

In 1850 Charlotte Brontë edited the original text for the second edition of

317: 297: 272: 240: 17: 6056: 3753: 3171:"How Wuthering Heights caused a critical stir when first published in 1847" 2756:"Speech in Wuthering Heights: Joseph's Dialect and Charlotte's Emendations" 2351:(1991). The screenplay was written by Raquel Villavicencio and produced by 5702: 5314:"Hihintayin Kita sa Langit (1991) – Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino (MPP)" 4257:

Revue LISA/LISA e-journal, Writers, writings, Literary studies, document 2

3431: 2827: 799:, who argued that Emily Brontë recorded the dialect of Haworth accurately. 6100: 5805: 2377: 1943: 1825: 1802: 1230: 1227: 203: 192: 134: 5560: 5464: 5268: 5154: 4610: 4572: 2885:]. By Brontë, Emily (in French). Le Livre de Poche. pp. 7, 20. 6570: 6479: 6469: 6453: 6449: 5143: 4845: 4394:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1871), p. 37. Helen Small, "Introduction" to 2956: 2702: 2430: 1877:... Isabella elop with him, he sneers that she did so "under a delusion 1434: 1260:(1934) drew attention to the contrast between the two main settings in 78: 5672: 5128:

van Ghent, Dorothy. "The Window Figure and the Two-Children Figure in

4265: 3946: 3922: 6527: 6495: 4513:"Otto on the Numinous: The Connection of the Numinous and the Gothic" 4237: 3713:

Marsden, Hilda (1957). "The Scenic Background of Wuthering Heights".

3418:

The 100 best novels: No 13 – Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë (1847)

2113:. It is unknown if any prints still exist. The most famous is 1939's 2022: 1714:

is Joseph, who is usually seen as satirizing "the joyless version of

1440: 2948: 2740:. 24 November 1847. p. 1 – via British Newspaper Archive. 1840:... relegated to the status of a servant; Catherine marries Edgar". 6077: 3990:

An excellent analysis of this aspect is offered in Davies, Stevie,

3938: 2481:. This production was then put on at the National Theatre in 2022. 6105: 5582: 2392: 2084: 2068: 1914:

suggests that "we dare not doubt purity", and the Victorian poet

1829: 1630: 1530:... owed as much, if not more, to Walter Scott's Border country". 1494: 1342:

Ponden Hall was the original of Wildfell Hall, the old mansion in

1303: 1169:

as number 7 in the resulting list of 100 greatest British novels.

977: 326: 6126: 6113: 1501:. It explores the domestic entrapment and subjection of women to 5254: 2611: 2477:

directed a theatrical version which was shown online and at the

1420:. There are echoes of and allusions to Shakespeare's tragedies, 1246: 1204:

Novelist John Cowper Powys notes the importance of the setting:

6672: 6130: 4443:"Brontë 200 – A God of her Own: Emily Brontë and the Religious" 3516:. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford University Press. p. 2. 2319:

Adaptations which place the story in a new setting include the

5727: 5057: 4252: 3358: 2466:(most cover only the first half of the book) and a musical by 2185: 2146: 6456:

which was home to and is greatly associated with the Brontës)

4253:"Emily and Charlotte Brontë's Re-reading of the Byronic hero" 1241:

Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliff's dwelling, "

128: 4071:

Gérin, Winifred (1966). "Byron's influence on the Brontës".

2363:

as Carmina (Catherine). It became a Filipino film classic.

1526:, which, though "regarded as the archetypal Yorkshire novel 1176:

presented a list of 100 must-read classic books and placed

5878:

Shumani, Gideon (March 1973). "The Unreliable Narrator in

4928:

Richard Chase, "The Brontes: A Centennial Observance", in

3771:. By Brontë, Emily. Le Livre de Poche. pp. 395, 411. 271:

across several media, including English singer-songwriter

154: 3832:"Emily Brontë at 200: Is Wuthering Heights a Love Story?" 2181:, although it is unknown if this kinescope still exists. 1509:

are both examples of female protagonists in such a role.

1081:

In 1926 Charles Percy Sanger's work on the chronology of

4057:. London : Continuum. 2010, p. 14. Quoting Barker, 3206:"Contemporary Reviews of 'Wuthering Heights', 1847–1848" 2043:: "two spiritual principles: the principle of the storm, 1127:

There is more savagery, more brutality, in the pages of

1078:

referred in 1916 to Emily Brontë's "tremendous vision".

365:

Having reached the present day, Nelly's tale concludes.

6547:(lifelong friend and correspondent of Charlotte Brontë) 5947:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. 5776:(1 ed.). London: Thomas Cautley Newby – via 5744: 2666:

in 1993. A 2018 cover of Bush's "Wuthering Heights" by

1787:

The eminent German Lutheran theologian and philosopher

4545:

Wang, Lisa (2000). "The Holy Spirit in Emily Brontë's

3851:

The Genesis of Wuthering Heights: Emily Brontë at Work

3586:"The Inspiration for the Wuthering Heights Farmhouse?" 2513: 1952:, or "novel of education", such as Charlotte Brontë's 1311:

in 1818, shortly before Emily Brontë saw the building.

6462:(house in Thornton, birthplace of the Brontë sisters) 6004:, by Scott, Walter, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3458:

100 must-read classic books, as chosen by our readers

3404:

The 100 best novels written in English: the full list

3200: 3198: 2660:

released a version of Bush's song on its debut album

2081:, billed as "Emily Brontë's tremendous Story of Hate" 1773:

The Brontes and Their Background: Romance and Reality

1269:

children of calm, the gentle, passive, timid Lintons.

5962:

Drabble, Margaret, ed. (1996) . "Charlotte Brontë".

5220:. 28 October 1967. p. 7 – via BBC Genome. 4625:

Goethe's Concept of the Daemonic: After the Ancients

4458:"Emily Brontë – Religion, Metaphysic, and Mysticism" 4334:

The Vampire in Nineteenth Century English Literature

1907:... in the superior male who is perceived as free". 343:

Heathcliff is locked in the attic and vows revenge.

6932: 6894: 6721: 6712: 6590: 6537: 6442: 6375: 6334: 6310: 6274: 6218: 6164: 4713: 4711: 4709: 3933:(4). National Council of Teachers of English: 185. 3902:"Burying the Madness: Wuthering Heights and Hamlet" 3498:

Virginia Woolf, "Jane Eyre" and "Wuthering Heights"

3164: 3162: 2173:as Heathcliff. This production does exist with the 1132:console women readers sitting snugly within doors. 377:days later was found dead in Catherine's old room. 164: 152: 140: 126: 114: 106: 96: 88: 74: 66: 56: 5703:"Jim Steinman on "It's All Coming Back to Me Now"" 4289: 3802: 3800: 3345:Suspended Judgment: Essays on Books and Sensations 2401:is based upon this novel. The film is directed by 2109:was filmed in England in 1920 and was directed by 1319:, a ruined farmhouse in an isolated area near the 1062:, because Emily was a greater poet than Charlotte. 335:, thought to have inspired the Earnshaws' home in 224:was accepted by publisher Thomas Newby along with 5618:Too much too young: popular music, age and gender 4292:Demon-lovers and Their Victims in British Fiction 2554:was released by Bull City Press as part of their 2454:The novel has been adapted as operas composed by 5218:"Wuthering Heights: Part 1: An End to Childhood" 1455:was the periodicals that their father read, the 5400:"Strange Moors: 'A True Novel' by Minae Mizuma" 3740:Langman, F H (July 1965). "Wuthering Heights". 3604: 3602: 2749: 2747: 1871: 1734: 1485:was also a major influence, which included the 1387: 1356:... Ponden Hall, Stanbury, near Haworth", sees 1266: 1239: 1219: 1206: 1155: 1125: 1051: 991: 973: 952: 938: 885: 6504:(waterfall associated with the Brontë sisters) 5840:McInerney, Peter (1980), "Satanic conceits in 5071:O'Callaghan, Claire; Stewart, Michael (2020). 4649:McInerney, Peter (1980). "Satanic conceits in 4019:, London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1857, p.104. 3611:"Wuthering Heights: The Home of the Earnshaws" 2854:Myths of Power. A Marxist Study of the Brontës 2629:and hand painted by comic book veteran artist 2007:Myths of Power: A Marxist Study of the Brontës 1615:". This sort of romance is different from the 1226:Wuthering Heights is an old house high on the 1192:in a list of the 40 best books to read during 195:"Ellis Bell". It concerns two families of the 6684: 6510:(footpath associated with the Brontë sisters) 6142: 5138:, December 1952, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 189–197. 3658:Introductions for The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 3390:The 100 greatest novels of all time: The list 2917: 2915: 2242:There is also a 1985 French film adaptation, 2135:for Best Film and was nominated for the 1939 1604: 1284:... ultimately compose a harmony'". However, 8: 7030:British novels adapted into television shows 5866:"The Law of the Moors – A legal analysis of 5542:Jefferson, NC and London:: McFarland, 2018. 5174:"BFI Screenonline: Wuthering Heights (1962)" 4930:The Brontes: A Collection of Critical Essays 4503:, Oxford University Press USA, 1958, p. xiii 4136: 4134: 2601: 2149:Television twice, firstly in 1953, starring 1947: 1598: 1592: 1451:Another major source of information for the 1056:is a more difficult book to understand than 39: 5491:"The Eco-Gothic: Hilary Scharper's Perdita" 3767:Las Vergnas, Raymond (1984). "Commentary". 2280:More recent film or TV adaptations include 1610: 1475:. This debate had been launched in 1844 by 6718: 6691: 6677: 6669: 6488:(landscape portrayed in the Brontë novels) 6149: 6135: 6127: 6000:Manning, Susan (1992), "Introduction to", 5964:The Oxford Companion to English Literature 5604:Stan Lee Excelsior Awards: Sort List 2012. 5289:"Abismos de Pasion (1953) Bunuel's Brontë" 4864:, ed. E. Jolly (London, i878), I, 163–186. 4682: 4680: 4055:Bronte's Wuthering Heights Reader's Guides 3887: 3863: 296:, the new tenant at Thrushcross Grange in 38: 5896:Tytler, Graeme, "The Role of Religion in 4264: 3472:The 40 best books to read during lockdown 3249:"Originally written in German in 1848 by 2909:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. 4968: 4966: 4964: 4296:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 4061:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholas, 1994. 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3703:. Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 340. 3347:. New York: G. Arnold Shaw, 1916, p.319. 2370:set in a modern California high school. 2366:In 2003, MTV produced a poorly reviewed 191:, initially published in 1847 under her 187:is the only novel by the English author 6516:(school attended by the Brontë sisters) 6285:Lines Composed in a Wood on a Windy Day 5981:Hagan, Sandra; Wells, Juliette (2008). 4995:, vol. 1 London: Harpers, 1951, p. 110. 4213:. London: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 178. 4195:Basics "About the Romance: The Basics". 4151: 4113: 3959: 3806: 3791: 3632:"A Reader's Guide to Wuthering Heights" 3362:, vol. 54, no. 2 (Summer 1987), p. 363. 2725: 2440:starred in a biopic of Emily Brontë in 1881:... picturing in me a hero of romance". 1123:as a "supreme romantic novel" in 1971: 6435:(husband of first cousin once removed) 6319:Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell 5828:The Cambridge Companion to the Brontës 5061:, vol. 62, no. 1 (Spring 1995), p. 172 4840:, Spring 1986, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 129. 4453: 4451: 4407: 3875: 3570:and Lord David Cecil".Paul Fletcher, " 3311: 3309: 3307: 2105:The earliest known film adaptation of 1522:(1817) had a significant influence on 1294:Oxford Companion to English Literature 6563:(lifelong friend of Charlotte Brontë) 5187:Schulman, Michael (6 December 2019). 4182: 4140: 4125: 4101: 4089: 4031:Fantasy: The Literature of Subversion 1395:reliability of the two main narrators 672: 670: 668: 659: 646: 627: 625: 623: 617: 615: 613: 611: 605: 603: 601: 599: 597: 595: 593: 587: 585: 583: 581: 579: 577: 575: 569: 567: 565: 544: 539: 537: 534: 527: 525: 522: 517: 487: 485: 483: 465: 463: 461: 443: 441: 439: 437: 435: 421: 419: 417: 414: 409: 407: 404: 399: 397: 395: 393: 391: 51:Title page of the first edition, 1847 7: 5983:The Brontės in the World of the Arts 5006:An Introduction to the English Novel 4993:An Introduction to the English Novel 4956:Wuthering Heights: Character Studies 4943:Wuthering Heights: Character Studies 4873:A. C. Swinburne, "Emily BrontE," in 4224:Beauvais, Jennifer (November 2006). 4166:"The Hundred best novels: Moby Dick" 3373:"Great Love Stories Romantic Humbug" 3292:Swinburne, Algernon Charles (1883). 3057:"Charlotte Brontë's 1850 Preface to 2987:Emily Bronte and the Haworth Dialect 2905:Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. 2656:" album. Brazilian heavy metal band 2494:List of Wuthering Heights references 1385:Thus, the point of view comes from: 994:much of the plot, we are spellbound. 5966:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5287:Canby, Vincent (27 December 1983). 4919:, vol. 32, no. 21, 4 November 2010. 3994:. London: The Women's Press, 1994, 3038:. Vol. 2. Thomas Cautley Newby 3016:. Vol. 1. Thomas Cautley Newby 1722:Shortly after Emily Brontë's death 1541:From 1833 Charlotte and Branwell's 234:before the success of their sister 6573:who was loved by Charlotte Brontë) 5924:The Brontës: The Critical heritage 4164:McCrum, Robert (12 January 2014). 3544:, Volume 60.2 Spring 2009, p. 105. 2690:said that he wrote the 1989 song " 2204:four-part television dramatisation 2202:as Heathcliff. The BBC produced a 2133:New York Film Critics Circle Award 1771:Thomas John Winnifrith, author of 947:Douglas Jerrold's Weekly Newspaper 32:Wuthering Heights (disambiguation) 25: 7060:Fiction with unreliable narrators 7040:Works published under a pseudonym 7015:British novels adapted into films 6520:St Michael and All Angels' Church 6020:Literary Women: The Great Writers 5489:Douglas, Bob (19 February 2014). 5398:Chira, Susan (13 December 2013). 4862:Life and Letters of Sydney Dobell 4687:Onanuga, Tola (21 October 2011). 4420:Backholer, Paul (18 April 2022). 4331:Senf, Carol A (1 February 2013). 3502:. London: Hogarth Press, c. 1925. 2652:covered the song in 1980 on her " 2312:and James Howson and directed by 2188:television as part of the series 867:filled the first two volumes and 6835:Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights 6652: 6651: 6209: 6089: 5731: 5338:Akbar, Arifa (22 October 2021). 5055:and the Liverpool Slave Trade". 4945:. London: Continuum, 2008, p. 4. 4764:John Bowen, "Who is Heathcliff?" 4482:. 223 (445): 154ff. Spring 1949. 4337:. University of Wisconsin Pres. 4251:Ceron, Cristina (9 March 2010). 3277:Rossetti, Dante Gabriel (1854). 3223:Haberlag, Berit (12 July 2005). 2694:" "while under the influence of 2573:(2013) was deeply influenced by 2266:Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights 2184:In 1958, an adaptation aired on 1930:Childhood is a central theme of 1848:One 2007 British poll presented 1074:Similarly, Woolf's contemporary 1028:Until late in the 19th century " 300:, pays a visit to his landlord, 248:, which was published in 1850. 45: 6043:Prose Works of Sir Walter Scott 5904:, 32:1, (2007) pp. 41–45. 5559:. BOMB Magazine. Archived from 4377:Helen Small, "Introduction" to 4364:Helen Small, "Introduction" to 4073:Keats-Shelley Memorial Bulletin 3830:Young, Cathy (26 August 2018). 3444:The 100 greatest British novels 3332:The Common Reader: First series 3169:Collins, Nick (22 March 2011). 2922:Hafley, James (December 1958). 2877:Mohrt, Michel (1984). Preface. 2754:Wiltshire, Irene (March 2005). 2580:The poem "Wuthering" (2017) by 1702:reviewers complained about how 1038:'s biography of Emily in 1883. 910:authorship of the Bell novels. 7045:Novels set in the 18th century 6482:which was home to the Brontës) 6472:which was home to the Brontës) 5941:Doody, Margaret Anne (1997) . 4317:– via Internet Archive. 4033:. Routledge. pp. 123–29. 3974:Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 3699:and Introduction and notes by 3574:and Lord David Cecil", p. 106. 3557:and Lord David Cecil", p. 105. 3226:Reviews of "Wuthering Heights" 2856:. London: Palgrave MacMillan. 2692:It's All Coming Back to Me Now 2409:. The film stars Dilip Kumar, 2327:directed by Spanish filmmaker 2137:Academy Award for Best Picture 1893:, in her famous feminist work 1563:romance tradition of the novel 1463:Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 331:The climb to ruined farmhouse 267:. It has inspired an array of 210:. The novel was influenced by 1: 6022:. London: The Women's Press. 5189:"Found! A Lost TV Version of 5110:"Later Critical Responses to 5089:10.1080/14748932.2020.1715045 3923:"Wuthering Heights Revisited" 3660:. Worth Press Limited. 2008. 3097:Nineteenth-Century Literature 3046:– via Internet Archive. 2989:. Yorkshire Dialect Society. 1836:... is brutalised by Hindley; 998:The English poet and painter 6526:of which Patrick Brontë was 5782:Emily Brontë as 'Ellis Bell' 5621:. Psychology Press. p. 4016:The Life of Charlotte Brontë 3907:Shakespeare Birthplace Trust 3609:Thompson, Paul (June 2009). 3584:Thompson, Paul (June 2009). 3379:. 10 April 1971. p. 19. 3078:The Life of Charlotte Bronte 2678:(1976) by English rock band 2359:as Gabriel (Heathcliff) and 2235:In 1978, the BBC produced a 1393:Critics have questioned the 1009:Rossetti's friend, the poet 259:, and for its challenges to 7080:Novels adapted into ballets 6300:The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 6099:public domain audiobook at 5944:The True Story of the Novel 5850:Nineteenth Century Contexts 5792:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 5538:Gómez-Galisteo, M. Carmen. 4825:Beauvoir, 1952, p. 725 4472:See also, Derek Traversi, " 4288:Reed, Toni (30 July 1988). 3921:Goldstone, Herbert (1959). 3715:Brontë Society Transactions 2670:adds electropunk elements. 2606:) (1995) is a reworking of 2514: 2145:'s script was produced for 1801:"a supreme example of 'the 1743:The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 1349:The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 1020:world of poetry or prose." 7116: 7095:Nonlinear narrative novels 7075:Novels adapted into operas 5885:Nineteenth-Century Fiction 5836:10.1017/CCOL0521770270.010 5824:"The Brontës and Religion" 5804:Introduction and notes by 5773:Wuthering Heights, A Novel 5135:Nineteenth-Century Fiction 5024:. p. chapter VII, p 4 4390:Quoted in Winifred Gérin, 4319:Wuthering Heights vampire. 4198:Romance Writers of America 4029:Jackson, Rosemary (1981). 3727:10.1179/030977657796548908 3432:Jane Ciabattari: Biography 3189:"The American Whig Review" 3071:Literature Network » 3035:Wuthering Heights: A Novel 3013:Wuthering Heights: A Novel 2936:Nineteenth-Century Fiction 2491: 2237:five-part TV serialisation 2054: 1736:Curious enough is to read 1561:Emily Brontë wrote in the 1145:in 2003 writer and editor 1045:affirmed the greatness of 1011:Algernon Charles Swinburne 29: 27:1847 novel by Emily Brontë 6827:Hihintayin Kita sa Langit 6646: 6207: 6045:. Vol. VI. R Cadell. 5858:10.1080/08905498008583178 5653:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 5615:Whiteley, Sheila (2005). 5099:– via TandF Online. 5051:Maja-Lisa von Sneidern, " 4907:"Nothing Nice about Them" 4671:10.1080/08905498008583178 4392:Emily Brontë: A Biography 4354:– via Google Books. 3900:Reeve, Katherine (2018). 3316:"Later critical response" 3148:"Contemporary Reviews of 3130:"Contemporary Reviews of 3117:10.1525/ncl.2015.70.2.165 3109:10.1525/ncl.2015.70.2.165 3061:", British Library online 2838:– via Project Muse. 2816:Philosophy and Literature 2348:Hihintayin Kita sa Langit 1940:philosophers of education 1636:Heathcliff Under the Tree 1300:Inspiration for locations 1258:Early Victorian Novelists 1098:Early Victorian Novelists 694: 692: 690: 688: 686: 684: 682: 680: 678: 676: 657: 655: 653: 651: 649: 644: 642: 640: 638: 636: 609: 607: 591: 589: 573: 571: 542: 532: 520: 511: 509: 507: 499: 497: 495: 481: 477: 471: 459: 455: 449: 412: 402: 44: 6359:The Young Men's Magazine 6243:F. De Samara to A. G. A. 5910:10.1179/147489306x132264 5872:UCL Jurisprudence Review 4977:as Socio-Economic Novel" 4659:Milton and the Romantics 4476:after a Hundred Years". 3849:Chitham, Edward (1998). 3794:, p. 452 footnote 1 2518:) (2002) is inspired by 2254:Japanese film adaptation 2191:DuPont Show of the Month 2001:Later, another Marxist, 1534:is set "in the wilds of 933:The American Whig Review 777:Catherine "Cathy" Linton 7050:Novels set in the 1800s 7035:Novels set in Yorkshire 6770:1959 Australian TV play 6492:Brontë Parsonage Museum 5922:Allott, Miriam (1995). 4627:. Boydell & Brewer. 4565:10.1093/litthe/14.2.160 4552:Literature and Theology 3769:Les Hauts de Hurle-Vent 3540:and Lord David Cecil", 3500:Common Reader: Series 1 2879:Les Hauts de Hurle-Vent 2804:Nussbaum, Martha Craven 2775:10.1179/147489304x18821 2603:La migration des coeurs 1760:, for example, sees in 1516:, Walter Scott's novel 7020:Novels by Emily Brontë 6061:at the British Library 6037:Scott, Walter (1834). 6018:Moers, Ellen (1978) . 5788:Brontë, Emily (1976). 4916:London Review of Books 4493:"Translator's Preface" 4230:Romanticism on the Net 4209:Punter, David (2004). 3888:Hagan & Wells 2008 3864:Hagan & Wells 2008 3512:Brontë, Emily (1998). 3032:Brontë, Emily (1847). 3010:Brontë, Emily (1847). 2812:: The Romantic Ascent" 2602: 2218:Les Hauts de Hurlevent 2102: 2082: 1964:(1860), and Dickens's 1948: 1883: 1748: 1643: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1391: 1312: 1271: 1251: 1224: 1215: 1163: 1134: 1072: 1000:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 996: 982: 964: 943: 924:Graham's Lady Magazine 890: 339: 7025:Fiction about suicide 7005:British Gothic novels 6884:Wuthering High School 6553:(lifelong friend and 6494:(former home and now 6423:(Charlotte's husband) 5808:, Hilda Marsden, and 5514:Cordite Poetry Review 4860:, 1850. Reprinted in 4623:Nicholls, A. (2006). 3992:Emily Brontë: Heretic 3260:Sidonia the Sorceress 2985:Petyt, K. M. (1970). 2828:10.1353/phl.1996.0076 2286:two-part drama series 2088: 2072: 1981:Industrial Revolution 1961:The Mill on the Floss 1652:The Castle of Otranto 1634: 1503:patriarchal authority 1307: 1119:argued the status of 330: 277:song of the same name 7070:Novels about revenge 7000:1840s fantasy novels 6638:Victorian literature 6557:of Charlotte Brontë) 6421:Arthur Bell Nicholls 6326:List of Brontë poems 5862:Rahman, Tahmina S. [ 5770:Bell, Ellis (1847). 5745:adding missing items 5508:Grae, Tanya (2017). 4858:Palladium, September 4533:The Idea of the Holy 4497:The Idea of the Holy 4154:, pp. xxv–xxvii 3853:. London: Macmillan. 3754:10.1093/eic/XV.3.294 3210:Wuthering Heights UK 3152:". Readers Guide to 3134:". Readers Guide to 2675:Wind & Wuthering 2353:Armida Siguion-Reyna 1794:The Idea of the Holy 1638:, wood engraving by 1551:Blackwood's Magazine 1468:Blackwood's Magazine 1329:High Sunderland Hall 1309:High Sunderland Hall 1137:Twenty-first century 901:Contemporary reviews 311: 263:, religion, and the 101:Thomas Cautley Newby 30:For other uses, see 7055:Fiction set in 1801 6995:1847 British novels 6962:Cultural references 6902:1951 Herrmann opera 6514:Cowan Bridge School 6236:To a Wreath of Snow 6118:Library of Congress 5379:. 14 September 2021 5373:"Wuthering Heights" 4259:(in French): 1–14. 3927:The English Journal 3836:Washington Examiner 3742:Essays in Criticism 2792:on 2 December 2013. 2711:Death Cab for Cutie 2627:Sean Michael Wilson 2569:'s ecogothic novel 2540:In her 2019 novel, 2403:Abdul Rashid Kardar 1642:from a 1943 edition 1579:historical romances 1458:Leeds Intelligencer 1418:William Shakespeare 1110:the great tradition 1041:Modernist novelist 1036:A. Mary F. Robinson 871:made up the third. 861:three-volume format 846:Publication history 815:Mr and Mrs Earnshaw 41: 7090:1840s debut novels 6945:Catherine Earnshaw 6776:Dil Diya Dard Liya 6415:Elizabeth Branwell 6311:Collaborative work 6106:Reader's Guide to 6039:"Essay on Romance" 5743:; you can help by 5585:. Classical Comics 5583:"Classical Comics" 5563:on 1 November 2016 5445:. 16 February 2021 5404:The New York Times 5293:The New York Times 4788:"Introduction" to 3542:The Use of English 3487:Suspended Judgment 3485:Joun Cwper Powys, 3081: » Chapter 24 2575:Wuthering Heights, 2485:Works inspired by 2429:. The music is by 2398:Dil Diya Dard Liya 2386:Malibu, California 2338:Yoshishige Yoshida 2325:Abismos de pasión, 2258:Yoshishige Yoshida 2103: 2083: 1967:Great Expectations 1891:Simone de Beauvoir 1820:However, the word 1644: 1493:and the poetry of 1313: 986:The Literary World 749:Ellen (Nelly) Dean 736:Catherine Earnshaw 529:Catherine Earnshaw 340: 261:Victorian morality 40:Wuthering Heights 6990:Wuthering Heights 6977: 6976: 6968:Wuthering Heights 6928: 6927: 6705:Wuthering Heights 6666: 6665: 6623:To Walk Invisible 6551:Elizabeth Gaskell 6460:Brontë Birthplace 6264:Wuthering Heights 6250:Come hither child 6122:Wuthering Heights 6108:Wuthering Heights 6096:Wuthering Heights 6083:Project Gutenberg 6078:Wuthering Heights 6066:Wuthering Heights 6058:Wuthering Heights 5992:978-0-7546-5752-1 5933:978-0-415-13461-3 5898:Wuthering Heights 5880:Wuthering Heights 5868:Wuthering Heights 5846:Wuthering Heights 5810:Inga-Stina Ewbank 5790:Wuthering Heights 5761: 5760: 5270:Wuthering Heights 5191:Wuthering Heights 5156:Wuthering Heights 5130:Wuthering Heights 5112:Wuthering Heights 5053:Wuthering Heights 5021:Wuthering Heights 4975:Wuthering Heights 4892:Wuthering Heights 4811:"I am Heathcliff" 4790:Wuthering Heights 4778:, 10 August 2007. 4721:Wuthering Heights 4655:Wuthering Heights 4547:Wuthering Heights 4479:The Dublin Review 4474:Wuthering Heights 4424:Wuthering Heights 4396:Wuthering Heights 4379:Wuthering Heights 4366:Wuthering Heights 4344:978-0-299-26383-6 4266:10.4000/lisa.3504 4012:Elizabeth Gaskell 3778:978-2-253-00475-2 3693:Wuthering Heights 3667:978-1-903025-57-4 3638:on 5 October 2009 3572:Wuthering Heights 3568:Wuthering Heights 3555:Wuthering Heights 3538:Wuthering Heights 3514:Wuthering Heights 3154:Wuthering Heights 3150:Wuthering Heights 3136:Wuthering Heights 3132:Wuthering Heights 3093:Wuthering Heights 3073:Elizabeth Gaskell 3059:Wuthering Heights 2926:Wuthering Heights 2892:978-2-253-00475-2 2883:Wuthering Heights 2863:978-1-4039-4697-3 2810:Wuthering Heights 2715:Wuthering Heights 2696:Wuthering Heights 2654:Crimes of Passion 2646:Wuthering Heights 2608:Wuthering Heights 2586:Wuthering Heights 2560:Wuthering Heights 2550:'s 2021 chapbook 2535:Wuthering Heights 2520:Wuthering Heights 2487:Wuthering Heights 2468:Bernard J. Taylor 2206:in 1967 starring 2169:as Catherine and 2116:Wuthering Heights 2107:Wuthering Heights 2099:Wuthering Heights 2096:in the 1939 film 2079:Wuthering Heights 2059:Wuthering Heights 2041:Wuthering Heights 1996:Wuthering Heights 1932:Wuthering Heights 1903:... transcendence 1867:Wuthering Heights 1862:Wuthering Heights 1858:Wuthering Heights 1850:Wuthering Heights 1807:Wuthering Heights 1799:Wuthering Heights 1762:Wuthering Heights 1738:Wuthering Heights 1712:Wuthering Heights 1704:Wuthering Heights 1575:Wuthering Heights 1557:Romance tradition 1545:began to feature 1524:Wuthering Heights 1446:Wuthering Heights 1331:, near Law Hill, 1321:Haworth Parsonage 1290:Wuthering Heights 1278:The English Novel 1262:Wuthering Heights 1190:Wuthering Heights 1178:Wuthering Heights 1167:Wuthering Heights 1158:Wuthering Heights 1151:Wuthering Heights 1129:Wuthering Heights 1121:Wuthering Heights 1117:Daphne du Maurier 1106:Wuthering Heights 1087:Albert J. Guerard 1083:Wuthering Heights 1076:John Cowper Powys 1054:Wuthering Heights 1047:Wuthering Heights 1024:Twentieth century 959:Wuthering Heights 955:Wuthering Heights 907:Wuthering Heights 905:Early reviews of 896:Critical response 881:Wuthering Heights 865:Wuthering Heights 821:Mr and Mrs Linton 783:Linton Heathcliff 753:Wuthering Heights 698: 697: 665: 660:Linton Heathcliff 633: 337:Wuthering Heights 252:Wuthering Heights 246:Wuthering Heights 222:Wuthering Heights 184:Wuthering Heights 180: 179: 170:Wuthering Heights 107:Publication place 16:(Redirected from 7107: 7010:Victorian novels 6907:1958 Floyd opera 6760:1953 BBC TV play 6739:1948 BBC TV play 6719: 6693: 6686: 6679: 6670: 6655: 6654: 6607:Les Sœurs Brontë 6567:Constantin Héger 6502:Brontë Waterfall 6409:Elizabeth Brontë 6345:A Book of Ryhmes 6213: 6151: 6144: 6137: 6128: 6093: 6092: 6085: 6046: 6033: 6014: 5996: 5977: 5958: 5937: 5893: 5817:Journal articles 5803: 5784: 5756: 5753: 5735: 5734: 5728: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5612: 5606: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5555:Wolff, Rebecca. 5552: 5546: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5495:Critics at Large 5486: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5435: 5429: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5377:National Theatre 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5318:www.manunuri.com 5310: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5284: 5278: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5170: 5164: 5152: 5146: 5126: 5120: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5068: 5062: 5049: 5043: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5015: 5009: 5002: 4996: 4989: 4983: 4970: 4959: 4952: 4946: 4939: 4933: 4926: 4920: 4904: 4898: 4884: 4878: 4871: 4865: 4854: 4848: 4832: 4826: 4823: 4817: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4793: 4786: 4780: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4756: 4751: 4745: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4715: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4684: 4675: 4674: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4594: 4588: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4542: 4536: 4525: 4519: 4510: 4504: 4491:John W. Harvey, 4489: 4483: 4470: 4464: 4455: 4446: 4445:. Brontë Society 4440: 4434: 4433: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4399: 4388: 4382: 4375: 4369: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4316: 4314: 4295: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4268: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4238:10.7202/013999ar 4221: 4215: 4214: 4206: 4200: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4138: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4068: 4062: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4026: 4020: 4009: 4003: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3827: 3810: 3804: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3710: 3704: 3689: 3683: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3634:. Archived from 3628: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3606: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3581: 3575: 3564: 3558: 3553:Paul Fletcher, " 3551: 3545: 3536:Paul Fletcher, " 3534: 3528: 3527: 3509: 3503: 3496: 3490: 3483: 3477: 3469: 3463: 3455: 3449: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3415: 3409: 3401: 3395: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3377:The Buffalo News 3369: 3363: 3354: 3348: 3343:"Emily Brontë". 3341: 3335: 3330:Virginia Woolf, 3328: 3322: 3313: 3302: 3301: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3274: 3268: 3251:Wilhelm Meinhold 3247: 3241: 3240: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3202: 3193: 3192: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3166: 3157: 3146: 3140: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3088: 3082: 3069: 3063: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3029: 3026:Internet Archive 3023: 3021: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2965: 2959:. Archived from 2932: 2924:"The Villain in 2919: 2910: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2785:. Archived from 2760: 2751: 2742: 2741: 2738:The Morning Post 2730: 2713:was inspired by 2605: 2597:Windward Heights 2588:as an allegory. 2565:Canadian author 2517: 2515:Honkaku shosetsu 2464:Frédéric Chaslin 2456:Bernard Herrmann 2298:Sarah Lancashire 2275:Juliette Binoche 2127:and directed by 2121:Laurence Olivier 2090:Laurence Olivier 2046: 1958:(1847), Eliot's 1951: 1906: 1902: 1888: 1880: 1876: 1839: 1835: 1812: 1778: 1767: 1657:medieval romance 1640:Fritz Eichenberg 1619:love romance or 1614: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1577:and Scott's own 1529: 1489:, the novels of 1429:Romeo and Juliet 1355: 1325:Charlotte Brontë 1283: 1254:Lord David Cecil 1212: 1094:Lord David Cecil 1092:Still, in 1934, 1069: 1065: 771:Hareton Earnshaw 765:Hindley Earnshaw 727:delirium tremens 663: 631: 628:Hareton Earnshaw 523:Hindley Earnshaw 389: 388: 236:Charlotte Brontë 156: 130: 92:24 November 1847 49: 42: 21: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7104: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6924: 6890: 6808:1979 telenovela 6798:1976 telenovela 6783:1964 telenovela 6708: 6697: 6667: 6662: 6642: 6591:Cultural legacy 6586: 6583:of the Brontës) 6533: 6498:of the Brontës) 6438: 6397:Branwell Brontë 6371: 6330: 6306: 6270: 6214: 6205: 6160: 6155: 6090: 6075: 6071:Standard Ebooks 6053: 6036: 6030: 6017: 6012: 6002:Quentin Durward 5999: 5993: 5980: 5974: 5961: 5955: 5940: 5934: 5921: 5918: 5877: 5822:Maynard, John. 5819: 5800: 5787: 5769: 5766: 5757: 5751: 5748: 5732: 5726: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5707:JimSteinman.com 5701:Steinman, Jim. 5700: 5699: 5695: 5685: 5683: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5581: 5580: 5576: 5566: 5564: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5537: 5533: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5463: 5462: 5458: 5448: 5446: 5443:Bull City Press 5437: 5436: 5432: 5425:The West Indian 5422: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5397: 5396: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5322: 5320: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5297: 5295: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5267: 5263: 5250:"Arashi ga oka" 5248: 5247: 5243: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5201: 5199: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5153: 5149: 5127: 5123: 5108: 5104: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5037: 5027: 5025: 5018:Brontë, Emily. 5017: 5016: 5012: 5004:Arnold Kettle, 5003: 4999: 4991:Arnold Kettle, 4990: 4986: 4971: 4962: 4954:Melissa Fegan, 4953: 4949: 4941:Melissa Fegan. 4940: 4936: 4927: 4923: 4905: 4901: 4885: 4881: 4872: 4868: 4856:"Currer Bell," 4855: 4851: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4809: 4805: 4800: 4796: 4787: 4783: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4737: 4727: 4725: 4718:Brontë, Emily. 4717: 4716: 4707: 4697: 4695: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4622: 4618: 4599:Interpretations 4596: 4595: 4591: 4584: 4580: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4526: 4522: 4511: 4507: 4490: 4486: 4471: 4467: 4456: 4449: 4441: 4437: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4389: 4385: 4376: 4372: 4363: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4010: 4006: 3989: 3985: 3980:(113): 687–709. 3971: 3970: 3966: 3958: 3954: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3886: 3882: 3874: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3829: 3828: 3813: 3805: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3675: 3668: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3641: 3639: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3613: 3608: 3607: 3600: 3590: 3588: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3565: 3561: 3552: 3548: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3497: 3493: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3384: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3355: 3351: 3342: 3338: 3329: 3325: 3314: 3305: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3255:Kelmscott Press 3248: 3244: 3237: 3229:. GRIN Verlag. 3222: 3221: 3217: 3204: 3203: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3168: 3167: 3160: 3147: 3143: 3128: 3124: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3070: 3066: 3055: 3051: 3041: 3039: 3031: 3019: 3017: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2997: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2969: 2967: 2966:on 2 April 2012 2963: 2949:10.2307/3044379 2930: 2921: 2920: 2913: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2850:Eagleton, Terry 2848: 2847: 2843: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2789: 2758: 2753: 2752: 2745: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2701:The 2008 song " 2639: 2567:Hilary Scharper 2542:The West Indian 2531:Changing Heaven 2501: 2496: 2490: 2479:Bristol Old Vic 2452: 2342:1988 adaptation 2321:1954 adaptation 2310:Kaya Scodelario 2294:Charlotte Riley 2250:Jacques Rivette 2196:Rosemary Harris 2159:Yvonne Mitchell 2075:1920 adaptation 2067: 2062: 2057:Adaptations of 2053: 2044: 2036: 2019: 1990:Marxist critic 1976: 1974:Class and money 1928: 1904: 1900: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1846: 1837: 1833: 1810: 1785: 1776: 1765: 1753: 1729:Leader Magazine 1696: 1691: 1629: 1583:Herman Melville 1559: 1527: 1477:Robert Chambers 1410:Greek tragedies 1406: 1374: 1353: 1302: 1281: 1210: 1202: 1186:The Independent 1139: 1067: 1063: 1026: 903: 898: 877: 853: 848: 759:Isabella Linton 722:Branwell Brontë 703: 661: 629: 540:Isabella Linton 387: 371: 314: 290: 285: 160:PR4172 .W7 2007 145: 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7113: 7111: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6982: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6964: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6947: 6942: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6920:(1996 musical) 6914: 6909: 6904: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6888: 6880: 6876:Walang Hanggan 6872: 6867: 6865:2009 TV serial 6862: 6854: 6849: 6847:2002 TV serial 6844: 6839: 6831: 6823: 6818: 6810: 6805: 6803:1978 TV serial 6800: 6795: 6790: 6788:1967 TV series 6785: 6780: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6749: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6725: 6723: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6698: 6696: 6695: 6688: 6681: 6673: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6627: 6619: 6611: 6603: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6574: 6564: 6558: 6548: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6517: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6489: 6486:Brontë Country 6483: 6473: 6463: 6457: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6433:William Morgan 6430: 6429:(uncle-in-law) 6424: 6418: 6412: 6406: 6400: 6394: 6391:Maria Branwell 6388: 6385:Patrick Brontë 6381: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6340: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6314: 6312: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6296: 6288: 6280: 6278: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6260: 6253: 6246: 6239: 6232: 6224: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6195: 6187: 6179: 6170: 6168: 6162: 6161: 6158:Brontë sisters 6156: 6154: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6111: 6103: 6087: 6073: 6062: 6052: 6051:External links 6049: 6048: 6047: 6034: 6029:978-0385074278 6028: 6015: 6011:978-0192826589 6010: 5997: 5991: 5978: 5972: 5959: 5954:978-0813524535 5953: 5938: 5932: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5912: 5902:Brontë Studies 5894: 5875: 5860: 5838: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5798: 5785: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5738: 5736: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5693: 5664: 5638: 5631: 5607: 5596: 5574: 5557:"Maryse Condé" 5547: 5544:978-1476672823 5531: 5520:(Confession). 5500: 5481: 5465:"K-Ming Chang" 5456: 5430: 5416: 5390: 5364: 5330: 5305: 5279: 5261: 5241: 5223: 5209: 5197:The New Yorker 5179: 5165: 5147: 5121: 5102: 5083:(2): 156–167. 5077:Brontë Studies 5063: 5044: 5035: 5010: 4997: 4984: 4960: 4947: 4934: 4921: 4911:Terry Eagleton 4899: 4879: 4866: 4849: 4827: 4818: 4803: 4794: 4781: 4766: 4757: 4746: 4735: 4705: 4676: 4641: 4629: 4616: 4589: 4578: 4537: 4520: 4505: 4484: 4465: 4447: 4435: 4412: 4400: 4383: 4370: 4357: 4343: 4323: 4306: 4280: 4243: 4216: 4201: 4187: 4175: 4156: 4144: 4130: 4118: 4106: 4094: 4082: 4063: 4046: 4040:978-0415025621 4039: 4021: 4004: 4000:978-0704344013 3983: 3964: 3952: 3939:10.2307/808342 3913: 3892: 3880: 3868: 3856: 3841: 3811: 3796: 3784: 3777: 3759: 3748:(3): 294–312. 3732: 3721:(2): 111–130. 3705: 3684: 3673: 3666: 3649: 3623: 3598: 3576: 3559: 3546: 3529: 3523:978-0192100276 3522: 3504: 3491: 3478: 3464: 3450: 3436: 3424: 3410: 3396: 3382: 3364: 3349: 3336: 3323: 3303: 3300:. p. 763. 3294:"Emily Bronte" 3284: 3269: 3242: 3236:978-3638395526 3235: 3215: 3194: 3180: 3158: 3141: 3122: 3083: 3064: 3049: 3002: 2996:978-0950171005 2995: 2977: 2943:(3): 199–215. 2911: 2898: 2891: 2869: 2862: 2841: 2795: 2763:Brontë Studies 2743: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2644:'s 1978 song " 2638: 2635: 2504:Mizumura Minae 2500: 2497: 2492:Main article: 2489: 2483: 2460:Carlisle Floyd 2451: 2448: 2411:Waheeda Rehman 2374:Wuthering High 2333:New York Times 2302:Andrew Lincoln 2263:The 1992 film 2232:half-brother. 2229:Timothy Dalton 2212:Angela Scoular 2200:Richard Burton 2066: 2063: 2055:Main article: 2052: 2049: 2035: 2034:Storm and calm 2032: 2027:Caryl Phillips 2018: 2015: 2003:Terry Eagleton 1985:West Yorkshire 1975: 1972: 1927: 1924: 1920:Terry Eagleton 1896:The Second Sex 1845: 1842: 1784: 1781: 1758:Derek Traversi 1752: 1749: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1676:gothic fiction 1672:Literary Women 1666:More recently 1647:Horace Walpole 1628: 1625: 1558: 1555: 1547:Byronic heroes 1536:Northumberland 1405: 1402: 1373: 1370: 1301: 1298: 1235:West Yorkshire 1201: 1198: 1138: 1135: 1043:Virginia Woolf 1025: 1022: 902: 899: 897: 894: 876: 873: 852: 849: 847: 844: 843: 842: 836: 830: 824: 818: 812: 806: 800: 790: 780: 774: 768: 762: 756: 746: 740: 732: 702: 699: 696: 695: 693: 691: 689: 687: 685: 683: 681: 679: 677: 674: 673: 671: 669: 667: 658: 656: 654: 652: 650: 648: 645: 643: 641: 639: 637: 635: 626: 624: 621: 619: 618: 616: 614: 612: 610: 608: 606: 604: 602: 600: 598: 596: 594: 592: 590: 588: 586: 584: 582: 580: 578: 576: 574: 572: 570: 568: 566: 563: 562: 560: 558: 556: 554: 552: 549: 548: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 526: 524: 521: 519: 515: 514: 512: 510: 508: 506: 504: 502: 500: 498: 496: 494: 492: 489: 488: 486: 484: 482: 480: 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Routledge. 5925: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5852:, 4:1, 1–15. 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5799:0-19-812511-9 5795: 5791: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5755: 5746: 5742: 5739:This list is 5737: 5730: 5729: 5723: 5708: 5704: 5697: 5694: 5682: 5678: 5676: 5668: 5665: 5652: 5648: 5642: 5639: 5634: 5632:0-415-31029-6 5628: 5624: 5620: 5619: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5600: 5597: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5562: 5558: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5501: 5496: 5492: 5485: 5482: 5470: 5466: 5460: 5457: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5420: 5417: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5391: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5334: 5331: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5306: 5294: 5290: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5273: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5245: 5242: 5237: 5233: 5227: 5224: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5198: 5194: 5192: 5183: 5180: 5175: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5157: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5115: 5113: 5106: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5067: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5048: 5045: 5039: 5036: 5023: 5022: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4976: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4831: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4804: 4798: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4770: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4739: 4736: 4723: 4722: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4645: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4617: 4612: 4608: 4605:(1): 31–39 . 4604: 4600: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4582: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4549:and Poetry". 4548: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4514: 4509: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4425: 4416: 4413: 4410:, p. 292 4409: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4358: 4346: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4309: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4293: 4284: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4220: 4217: 4212: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4128:, p. 129 4127: 4122: 4119: 4116:, p. xxv 4115: 4110: 4107: 4104:, p. 129 4103: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4053:Ian Brinton. 4050: 4047: 4042: 4036: 4032: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3979: 3975: 3968: 3965: 3962:, p. 136 3961: 3956: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3914: 3909: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3881: 3878:, p. 446 3877: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3857: 3852: 3845: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3809:, p. 449 3808: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3785: 3780: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3736: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3677: 3674: 3669: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3650: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3612: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3530: 3525: 3519: 3515: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3473: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3445: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3419: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3391: 3386: 3383: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3298:The Athenaeum 3295: 3288: 3285: 3280: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3238: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3219: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3176: 3175:The Telegraph 3172: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3103:(2): 165–93. 3102: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3053: 3050: 3037: 3036: 3027: 3015: 3014: 3006: 3003: 2998: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2978: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2894: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2873: 2870: 2865: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2757: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2729: 2726: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2631:John M. Burns 2628: 2624: 2623:graphic novel 2619: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2527:Jane Urquhart 2523: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2498: 2495: 2488: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2427:Johnny Walker 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2357:Richard Gomez 2355:. It starred 2354: 2350: 2349: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2314:Andrea Arnold 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2271:Ralph Fiennes 2268: 2267: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2252:, and a 1988 2251: 2247: 2246: 2240: 2238: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2198:as Cathy and 2197: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2171:Keith Michell 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2129:William Wyler 2126: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2111:A. V. Bramble 2108: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2050: 2048: 2042: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1992:Arnold Kettle 1988: 1986: 1982: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1950: 1949:bildungsroman 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1912:Sydney Dobell 1908: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1882: 1870: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1843: 1841: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1782: 1780: 1774: 1769: 1763: 1759: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1733: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1648: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1621:romance novel 1618: 1617:genre fiction 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1543:Angrian tales 1539: 1537: 1533: 1525: 1521: 1520: 1515: 1514:Juliet Barker 1512:According to 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1499:Female Gothic 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1372:Point of view 1371: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1310: 1306: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286:David Daiches 1279: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1205: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1162: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1147:Robert McCrum 1144: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1115:The novelist 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1096:, writing in 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1071: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1016:The Athenaeum 1012: 1007: 1005: 1001: 995: 990: 988: 987: 981: 979: 972: 970: 969: 963: 960: 956: 951: 949: 948: 942: 937: 935: 934: 929: 926: 925: 920: 918: 917: 911: 908: 900: 895: 893: 889: 884: 882: 874: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 850: 845: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 794: 791: 788: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 750: 747: 744: 741: 738: 737: 733: 729: 728: 723: 719: 714: 710: 709: 705: 704: 700: 675: 666: 634: 622: 620: 564: 561: 559: 557: 555: 553: 551: 550: 547: 530: 516: 513: 505: 503: 501: 493: 491: 490: 479: 475: 473: 469: 467: 457: 453: 451: 447: 445: 434: 431: 429: 427: 425: 424: 390: 384: 382: 378: 374: 368: 366: 363: 359: 357: 352: 348: 344: 338: 334: 329: 325: 321: 319: 309: 305: 303: 299: 295: 287: 282: 280: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 253: 249: 247: 243: 242: 237: 233: 232: 227: 223: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 202: 198: 197:landed gentry 194: 190: 186: 185: 176: 172: 171: 167: 163: 159: 157: 155:LC Class 151: 147: 144: 143:Dewey Decimal 139: 136: 133: 131: 125: 122: 121:0-486-29256-8 119: 117: 113: 109: 105: 102: 99: 95: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 69: 65: 62: 59: 55: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 7100:Ghost novels 7085:Love stories 6917: 6912:1992 musical 6882: 6874: 6856: 6833: 6825: 6812: 6774: 6751: 6743: 6704: 6703: 6700:Emily Brontë 6650: 6630: 6622: 6614: 6606: 6598: 6577:George Smith 6545:Ellen Nussey 6403:Maria Brontë 6364: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6317: 6298: 6290: 6263: 6262: 6197: 6189: 6181: 6173: 6121: 6114:Emily Brontë 6107: 6095: 6076: 6064: 6057: 6042: 6019: 6001: 5982: 5963: 5943: 5923: 5901: 5897: 5889: 5883: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5849: 5845: 5842:Frankenstein 5841: 5827: 5789: 5781: 5772: 5752:January 2021 5749: 5724:Bibliography 5710:. Retrieved 5706: 5696: 5684:. Retrieved 5674: 5667: 5655:. Retrieved 5650: 5641: 5617: 5610: 5599: 5587:. Retrieved 5577: 5565:. Retrieved 5561:the original 5550: 5539: 5534: 5517: 5513: 5503: 5494: 5484: 5472:. Retrieved 5469:K-Ming Chang 5468: 5459: 5447:. Retrieved 5442: 5439:"Bone House" 5433: 5424: 5419: 5407:. Retrieved 5403: 5393: 5381:. Retrieved 5376: 5367: 5355:. Retrieved 5344:The Guardian 5343: 5333: 5321:. Retrieved 5317: 5308: 5296:. Retrieved 5292: 5282: 5269: 5264: 5253: 5244: 5235: 5226: 5212: 5200:. Retrieved 5196: 5190: 5182: 5168: 5155: 5150: 5133: 5129: 5124: 5111: 5105: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5038: 5026:. Retrieved 5020: 5013: 5005: 5000: 4992: 4987: 4974: 4955: 4950: 4942: 4937: 4929: 4924: 4914: 4902: 4891: 4882: 4875:Miscellanies 4874: 4869: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4835: 4830: 4821: 4806: 4797: 4789: 4784: 4776:The Guardian 4775: 4769: 4760: 4753: 4749: 4738: 4726:. Retrieved 4724:. p. 40 4720: 4696:. Retrieved 4693:The Guardian 4692: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4651:Frankenstein 4650: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4624: 4619: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4585: 4581: 4556: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4532: 4523: 4508: 4501:Rudolph Otto 4496: 4487: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4438: 4429: 4423: 4415: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4378: 4373: 4365: 4360: 4348:. Retrieved 4333: 4326: 4318: 4311:. Retrieved 4291: 4283: 4256: 4246: 4229: 4219: 4210: 4204: 4190: 4185:, p. 15 4178: 4170:The Observer 4169: 4159: 4152:Manning 1992 4147: 4121: 4114:Manning 1992 4109: 4097: 4085: 4076: 4072: 4066: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4030: 4024: 4014: 4007: 3991: 3986: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3960:Drabble 1996 3955: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3905: 3895: 3890:, p. 82 3883: 3871: 3866:, p. 84 3859: 3850: 3844: 3835: 3807:Shumani 1973 3792:Shumani 1973 3787: 3768: 3762: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3695:. Edited by 3692: 3687: 3676: 3657: 3652: 3642:13 September 3640:. Retrieved 3636:the original 3626: 3614:. Retrieved 3589:. 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Retrieved 2961:the original 2940: 2934: 2925: 2906: 2901: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2853: 2844: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2798: 2787:the original 2766: 2762: 2737: 2728: 2714: 2700: 2695: 2688:Jim Steinman 2685: 2673: 2672: 2661: 2640: 2620: 2607: 2595: 2592:Maryse Condé 2590: 2585: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2548:K-Ming Chang 2546: 2541: 2539: 2534: 2533:, the novel 2530: 2524: 2519: 2509:A True Novel 2507: 2502: 2486: 2472: 2453: 2441: 2435: 2396: 2390: 2384:, is set in 2372: 2365: 2361:Dawn Zulueta 2346: 2332: 2324: 2318: 2279: 2264: 2262: 2243: 2241: 2234: 2222: 2217: 2216: 2189: 2183: 2179:telerecorded 2167:Claire Bloom 2151:Richard Todd 2143:Nigel Kneale 2141: 2125:Merle Oberon 2114: 2106: 2104: 2097: 2094:Merle Oberon 2078: 2058: 2040: 2037: 2020: 2006: 2000: 1995: 1989: 1977: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1938:, following 1931: 1929: 1909: 1894: 1884: 1872: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1849: 1847: 1821: 1819: 1806: 1798: 1792: 1791:, author of 1789:Rudolph Otto 1786: 1772: 1770: 1768:" (Ch. IX). 1761: 1754: 1741: 1737: 1735: 1727: 1721: 1711: 1708: 1703: 1697: 1684: 1680:shape-shifts 1671: 1665: 1650: 1645: 1635: 1627:Gothic novel 1586: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1550: 1540: 1531: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1491:Walter Scott 1487:Gothic novel 1481: 1466: 1462: 1456: 1450: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1407: 1399: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1375: 1358:Shibden Hall 1347: 1337: 1314: 1293: 1292:in the 2002 1289: 1277: 1274:Walter Allen 1272: 1267: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1240: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1207: 1203: 1189: 1185: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1166: 1164: 1157: 1156: 1150: 1143:The Guardian 1142: 1140: 1128: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1105: 1102:F. R. 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Ashgate. 5686:14 February 5681:Jimmy Urine 5510:"Wuthering" 5474:15 November 5449:15 November 5202:11 December 5158:(1920 film) 4408:Allott 1995 4092:, p. 1 4059:The Brontes 3876:Allott 1995 3701:Helen Small 3691:"Notes" to 3257:edition of 2686:Songwriter 2668:Jimmy Urine 2650:Pat Benatar 2621:In 2011, a 2438:Emma Mackey 2407:Dilip Kumar 2329:Luis Buñuel 2323:, retitled 2208:Ian McShane 2119:, starring 2073:Poster for 2065:Film and TV 2051:Adaptations 2011:West Riding 1854:Helen Small 1698:Some early 1668:Ellen Moers 1483:Romanticism 1414:John Milton 1379:frame story 1344:Anne Brontë 1339:Ponden Hall 1317:Top Withens 1249:of the sun. 1184:Writing in 1141:Writing in 803:Mr Lockwood 731:Heathcliff. 405:Mr Earnshaw 385:Family tree 333:Top Withens 294:Mr Lockwood 269:adaptations 226:Anne Brontë 212:Romanticism 6984:Categories 6940:Heathcliff 6918:Heathcliff 6555:biographer 6538:Associates 6508:Brontë Way 6352:Glass Town 6292:Agnes Grey 5778:Wikisource 5741:incomplete 5589:5 December 5567:10 October 5409:16 October 4559:(2): 162. 4307:0813116635 4211:The Gothic 4183:Doody 1997 4141:Moers 1978 4126:Scott 1834 4102:Scott 1834 4090:Doody 1997 3616:11 October 3591:11 October 3265:Jane Wilde 2721:References 2707:indie rock 2663:Angels Cry 2616:Guadeloupe 2582:Tanya Grae 2552:Bone House 2499:Literature 2304:, and the 2155:Heathcliff 1942:, such as 1936:Wordsworth 1817:movement. 1724:G.H. 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