31:
98:. From her journal entries and the 67 letters between them, it is evident that Henry encouraged Elizabeth to do as she saw fit to continue running the house in his absence. The letters suggest that the couple had a companionate marriage, a resembling a partnership more than a patriarchal structure. In order to get through the seven months of Henry's absence, Elizabeth relied on her domestic skills, support from friends and family, and her religious beliefs. Elizabeth, with some other Quaker women, met first with
119:
life and ends with a focus on her eventual station as a matriarch of a Quaker household and member of the Quaker upper-class. Her initial entries centered around her relationship with her sister and husband. However, once she became a mother, her entries primarily revolved around her maternal duties. Her entries regarding her husband, and particularly his absences, also shed light on the gender roles within Quaker society, as she was often left in charge of the household and home.
110:
and highlighted the changes in domestic service during her lifetime, including the beginnings of domestic service as a waged occupation for women. Though Henry and
Elizabeth had a generally happy marriage, she was often frustrated with how often he left the family for work, as even after the children were adults and they were in their old age, he continued to work as a merchant. Elizabeth Drinker died on November 24, 1807; Henry lived for another two years after.
86:
the James & Drinker shipping and importing firm in
Philadelphia. Elizabeth and Henry had five children who all survived to adulthood: Sarah, Ann, William, Henry, and Mary. Her affluence, due to her husband's employment, and her own education allowed her the literacy and leisure time to keep a diary of her life for 50 years.
118:
Elizabeth
Sandwith Drinker kept her diary 1758 to 1807. Its published version is broken down into four parts: Youth and courtship (1755–61), Young wife and mother (1762–75), Middle age in years of crisis (1776–93), and Grandmother (1794–1807). Her diary begins with an emphasis on her youth and social
89:
Elizabeth and Henry tried to remain neutral during the
American Revolution, but his lack of support caused Henry to be accused of treason. Continental Congress ordered Henry's arrest in 1777. Elizabeth and Henry frequently wrote to one another while Henry was kept prisoner at Masonic Lodge, as many
85:
Elizabeth
Drinker was born on February 27, 1735, to William and Sarah Sandwith. A young merchant, Henry Drinker, courted her, and they married on January 13, 1761. Both Elizabeth and Henry were members of the Society of Friends. Elizabeth functioned as a housewife while Henry Drinker was a partner of
109:
Elizabeth was the primary caregiver for her children, especially for her son
William, who struggled with chronic illness. In addition, Mary Sandwith, Elizabeth's sister, lived with them for most of her life. Elizabeth often depended on servants to run her household. She discussed this in her diary
30:
293:
130:
in her entries but mainly focused on
Federalist ideas. She expressed opinions regarding the political violence of the time and her thoughts regarding the election process. She also commented on the
126:
views, as she and other women of the time became engaged in politics. She lived during a time of political struggle between the
Federalists and the Democratic Republicans. She paid attention to the
149:
inoculation and vaccination. She noted, "I wrote to Molly to endeavor to persuade her to have her children vaccinated instead of inoculated, for small pox." She also addressed the spread of
65:(c. 1735 – 1807) was a Quaker woman of late 18th century North America who kept a diary from 1758 to 1807. This 2,100 page diary was first published in 1889 and sheds light on daily life in
106:
to secure the release of their husbands. Washington declined, but permitted them to visit the prison. Elizabeth visited Henry in April 1778, and they were both permitted to return home.
145:
In addition to the political and social views in the diary, Drinker described changing medical practices during the 18th century. She chronicled the development of
524:
509:
534:
514:
519:
372:"Elzabeth Drinker and Her "Lone" Women: Domestic Service, Debilities, and (In)Dependence through the Eyes of a Philadelphia Gentlewoman"
325:""Being Separated from My Dearest Husband, in This Cruel Manner:" Elizabeth Drinker and the Seven-Month Exile of Philadelphia Quakers"
226:
529:
425:
504:
139:
95:
499:
494:
74:
470:
391:
352:
194:
70:
462:
431:
421:
383:
344:
232:
222:
186:
131:
103:
99:
36:
336:
153:. She additionally kept records detailing her own family's health and medical preferences.
274:
254:
414:
488:
356:
127:
175:"Diaries and Doctors: Elizabeth Drinker and Philadelphia Medical Practice,1760-1810"
219:
The diary of
Elizabeth Drinker : the life cycle of an eighteenth-century woman
150:
66:
450:
371:
294:"Elizabeth Sandwith Drinker. Quaker housewife who suffered trying to stay neutral"
174:
134:. Her entries regarding Henry's arrest and time in prison, also shed light on the
123:
466:
387:
348:
236:
190:
435:
340:
122:
Especially during the 1790s, Drinker also wrote extensively regarding her
146:
474:
395:
198:
276:
Extracts from the
Journal of Elizabeth Drinker, from 1759 to 1807, A. D
135:
91:
451:"Elizabeth Drinker: Quaker Values and Federalist Support in the 1790s"
416:
Winter friends : women growing old in the new Republic, 1785-1835
324:
256:
The Drinker Family in America: To and Including the Eighth Generation
221:(Abridged ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
298:
Jamestown Settlement & American Revolution Museum at Yorktown
217:
Drinker, Elizabeth Sandwith (2010). Crane, Elaine Forman (ed.).
73:, family and gender roles, political issues and the
52:
44:
21:
413:
268:
266:
248:
246:
8:
288:
286:
94:were for their pacifist beliefs during the
29:
18:
420:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
77:, and innovations in medical practices.
162:
7:
407:
405:
318:
316:
314:
273:Drinker, Elizabeth Sandwith (1889).
259:. Madison: J. B. Lippincott Company.
212:
210:
208:
168:
166:
525:18th-century American women writers
510:American Revolutionary War diarists
323:Castro, Wendy Lucas (2011-05-19).
39:at 147 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia PA
14:
279:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
173:Dine, Sarah Blank (2001-10-01).
370:O'Neal, Debra M. (2001-10-01).
535:19th-century American diarists
515:18th-century American diarists
253:Drinker Biddle, Henry (1893).
1:
520:18th-century American writers
449:Branson, Susan (2001-10-01).
138:and their experience of the
35:Elizabeth Sandwith Drinker
551:
140:American Revolutionary War
96:American Revolutionary War
63:Elizabeth Sandwith Drinker
23:Elizabeth Sandwith Drinker
28:
412:Premo, Terri L. (1990).
530:American women diarists
341:10.1353/qkh.2011.0007
505:18th-century Quakers
455:Pennsylvania History
376:Pennsylvania History
179:Pennsylvania History
75:American Revolution
71:Society of Friends
132:French Revolution
104:George Washington
60:
59:
37:historical marker
542:
479:
478:
446:
440:
439:
419:
409:
400:
399:
367:
361:
360:
320:
309:
308:
306:
304:
290:
281:
280:
270:
261:
260:
250:
241:
240:
214:
203:
202:
170:
33:
19:
550:
549:
545:
544:
543:
541:
540:
539:
485:
484:
483:
482:
448:
447:
443:
428:
411:
410:
403:
369:
368:
364:
322:
321:
312:
302:
300:
292:
291:
284:
272:
271:
264:
252:
251:
244:
229:
216:
215:
206:
172:
171:
164:
159:
116:
83:
40:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
548:
546:
538:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
500:Quaker writers
497:
487:
486:
481:
480:
461:(4): 465–482.
441:
426:
401:
382:(4): 435–464.
362:
329:Quaker History
310:
282:
262:
242:
227:
204:
185:(4): 413–434.
161:
160:
158:
155:
115:
112:
82:
79:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
22:
16:Quaker diarist
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
547:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
490:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
445:
442:
437:
433:
429:
423:
418:
417:
408:
406:
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
366:
363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
319:
317:
315:
311:
299:
295:
289:
287:
283:
278:
277:
269:
267:
263:
258:
257:
249:
247:
243:
238:
234:
230:
228:9780812206821
224:
220:
213:
211:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
169:
167:
163:
156:
154:
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:Pamphlet wars
125:
120:
113:
111:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
87:
81:Personal life
80:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
20:
458:
454:
444:
415:
379:
375:
365:
335:(1): 40–63.
332:
328:
301:. Retrieved
297:
275:
255:
218:
182:
178:
151:Yellow fever
144:
121:
117:
108:
88:
84:
67:Philadelphia
62:
61:
495:1807 deaths
53:Nationality
489:Categories
427:0252016564
157:References
124:Federalist
45:Occupation
467:2153-2109
388:2153-2109
357:161432183
349:1934-1504
237:794700724
191:2153-2109
114:The diary
102:and then
475:27774361
436:19670424
396:27774360
303:5 August
199:27774359
147:smallpox
56:American
136:Quakers
92:Quakers
90:fellow
48:Diarist
473:
465:
434:
424:
394:
386:
355:
347:
235:
225:
197:
189:
100:Martha
69:, the
471:JSTOR
392:JSTOR
353:S2CID
195:JSTOR
463:ISSN
432:OCLC
422:ISBN
384:ISSN
345:ISSN
305:2021
233:OCLC
223:ISBN
187:ISSN
337:doi
333:100
491::
469:.
459:68
457:.
453:.
430:.
404:^
390:.
380:68
378:.
374:.
351:.
343:.
331:.
327:.
313:^
296:.
285:^
265:^
245:^
231:.
207:^
193:.
183:68
181:.
177:.
165:^
142:.
477:.
438:.
398:.
359:.
339::
307:.
239:.
201:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
