489:, resulting in an embryo with one small cell (the apical cell) and one large cell (the basal cell). The small, apical cell will eventually give rise to most of the structures of the mature plant, such as the stem, leaves, and roots. The larger basal cell will give rise to the suspensor, which connects the embryo to the endosperm so that nutrients can pass between them. The plant embryo cells continue to divide and progress through developmental stages named for their general appearance: globular, heart, and torpedo. In the globular stage, three basic tissue types (dermal, ground, and vascular) can be recognized. The dermal tissue will give rise to the
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402:. All tissues and organs of a mature animal can trace their origin back to one of these layers. For example, the ectoderm will give rise to the skin epidermis and the nervous system, the mesoderm will give rise to the vascular system, muscles, bone, and connective tissues, and the endoderm will give rise to organs of the digestive system and
427:
accomplished while inside of an egg or parent varies significantly from species to species, so much so that the processes that take place after hatching or birth in one species may take place well before those events in another. Therefore, according to one textbook, it is common for scientists to interpret the scope of
411:
interactions prompt certain populations of cells from the different germ layers to differentiate into organ-specific cell types. For example, in neurogenesis, a subpopulation of cells from the ectoderm segregate from other cells and further specialize to become the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.
659:
ART techniques are also used to improve the profitability of agricultural animal species such as cows and pigs by enabling selective breeding for desired traits and/or to increase numbers of offspring. For example, when allowed to breed naturally, cows typically produce one calf per year, whereas IVF
549:
from which the egg cell was generated. The inner wall of the archegonium lies in close contact with the "foot" of the developing embryo; this "foot" consists of a bulbous mass of cells at the base of the embryo which may receive nutrition from its parent gametophyte. The structure and development of
347:
In animals, fertilization begins the process of embryonic development with the creation of a zygote, a single cell resulting from the fusion of gametes (e.g. egg and sperm). The development of a zygote into a multicellular embryo proceeds through a series of recognizable stages, often divided into
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animals (animals whose offspring spend at least some time developing within a parent's body), the offspring is typically referred to as an embryo while inside of the parent, and is no longer considered an embryo after birth or exit from the parent. However, the extent of development and growth
410:
Past gastrulation, an embryo continues to develop into a mature multicellular organism by forming structures necessary for life outside of the womb or egg. As the name suggests, organogenesis is the stage of embryonic development when organs form. During organogenesis, molecular and cellular
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Cleavage is the period of rapid mitotic cell divisions that occur after fertilization. During cleavage, the overall size of the embryo does not change, but the size of individual cells decrease rapidly as they divide to increase the total number of cells. Cleavage results in a blastula.
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of the digestive system and respiratory system. Many visible changes in embryonic structure happen throughout gastrulation as the cells that make up the different germ layers migrate and cause the previously round embryo to fold or invaginate into a cup-like appearance.
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involves collecting and storing the reproductive materials, such as embryos, seeds, or gametes, from animal or plant species at low temperatures in order to preserve them for future use. Some large-scale animal species cryoconservation efforts include
517:
activity) develop during the torpedo stage, and will eventually produce many of the mature tissues of the adult plant throughout its life. At the end of embryonic growth, the seed will usually go dormant until germination. Once the embryo begins to
363:. The embryo's cells continue to divide and increase in number, while molecules within the cells such as RNAs and proteins actively promote key developmental processes such as gene expression, cell fate specification, and polarity. Before
2782:
2240:
Basille, Claire; Frydman, René; El Aly, Abdelwahab; Hesters, Laetitia; Fanchin, Renato; Tachdjian, Gérard; Steffann, Julie; LeLorc'h, Marc; Achour-Frydman, Nelly (July 2009). "Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: state of the art".
477:. The DNA from the ovule and pollen combine to form a diploid, single-cell zygote that will develop into an embryo. The zygote, which will divide multiple times as it progresses throughout embryonic development, is one part of a
700:
Institute for
Conservation in the United States. As of 2018, there were approximately 1,700 seed banks used to store and protect plant biodiversity, particularly in the event of mass extinction or other global emergencies. The
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485:, which is tissue rich in nutrients that will help support the growing plant embryo, and the seed coat, which is a protective outer covering. The first cell division of a zygote is
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Gastrulation is the next phase of embryonic development, and involves the development of two or more layers of cells (germinal layers). Animals that form two layers (such as
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The embryonic period varies from species to species. In human development, the term fetus is used instead of embryo after the ninth week after conception, whereas in
2219:
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This section is about is a summary of embryonic development in all types of animals, including humans. For information specific to human embryonic development, see
2570:"Application of interspecific Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (iSCNT) in sturgeons and an unexpectedly produced gynogenetic sterlet with homozygous quadruple haploid"
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becomes visible. In animals that hatch from an egg, such as birds, a young animal is typically no longer referred to as an embryo once it has hatched. In
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via interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT), are also used in attempts to increase the numbers of endangered or vulnerable species, such as
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1970:
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557:(or by their scientific name, Embryophyta). This, along with other characteristics, distinguishes land plants from other types of plants, such as
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1583:
574:
Embryos from numerous plant and animal species are studied in biological research laboratories across the world to learn about topics such as
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1547:
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in Norway maintains the largest collection of plant reproductive tissue, with more than a million samples stored at −18 °C (0 °F).
591:
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4189:
2635:
Hiemstra, Sipke Joost; van der Lende, Tette; Woelders, Henri; Panis, Bart; Lambardi, Maurizio (2006). Ruane, John; Sonnino, Andrea (eds.).
2568:
Fatira, Effrosyni; Havelka, Miloš; Labbé, Catherine; Depincé, Alexandra; Iegorova, Viktoriia; Pšenička, Martin; Saito, Taiju (2018-04-16).
1834:
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211:. In other multicellular organisms, the word "embryo" can be used more broadly to any early developmental or life cycle stage prior to
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to humans) are called triploblastic. During gastrulation of triploblastic animals, the three germinal layers that form are called the
656:
as a potential avenue for preventing disease; however, this has been met with widespread condemnation from the scientific community.
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2161:
1964:
1914:
992:
637:
2844:
2467:
Fletcher, Amy Lynn (2014). "Bio-Interventions: Cloning
Endangered Species as Wildlife Conservation". In Fletcher, Amy Lynn (ed.).
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636:(IVF) were responsible for an estimated one million human births in the United States alone. Other clinical technologies include
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598:, a group of cells originally discovered in amphibian embryos that give rise to neural tissues, and genes that give rise to
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2540:"Two cheetah cubs were born for the first time by IVF. The breakthrough offers hope for the threatened species"
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is typically referred to as an embryo until the ninth week after conception, when it is then referred to as a
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31:
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497:, resource storage, and physical support, and vascular tissue will give rise to connective tissue like the
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137:. The blastomeres (4-cell stage) are arranged as a solid ball that when reaching a certain size, called a
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1944:
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Kimmel, Charles B.; Ballard, William W.; Kimmel, Seth R.; Ullmann, Bonnie; Schilling, Thomas F. (1995).
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stage embryo can appear as a ball of cells on top of yolk, or as a hollow sphere of cells surrounding a
270:
106:
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541:, also produce embryos. In these plants, the embryo begins its existence attached to the inside of the
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a term employed to differentiate from an embryo proper in relation to embryonic stem cell discourses.
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or outer covering of a plant, ground tissue will give rise to inner plant material that functions in
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696:, the Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife (BCEAW) in the United Arab Emirates, and the
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102:
46:
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2775:"A vast crypt was built to protect humans from the apocalypse. But doomsday might already be here"
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2370:
1943:
Mummery, Christine; van de Stolpe, Anja; Roelen, Bernard A. J.; Clevers, Hans, eds. (2014-01-01),
1539:
886:"24.6. Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development – Concepts of Biology – 1st Canadian Edition"
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3958:
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2637:"II. Use of cryopreservation and reproductive technologies for conservation of genetic resources"
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that transport fluid, nutrients, and minerals throughout the plant. In heart stage, one or two
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Jones, DG; Telfer, B (January 1995). "Before I was an embryo, I was a pre-embryo: or was I?".
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2371:"Experts Are Calling for a Ban on Gene Editing of Human Embryos. Here's Why They're Worried"
2334:
2250:
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2041:"Splitting the cell, building the organism: Mechanisms of cell division in metazoan embryos"
2003:
1952:
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increases offspring yield to 9–12 calves per year. IVF and other ART techniques, including
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4000:
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200:, and organogenesis is the development of all the various tissues and organs of the body.
2399:
Blondin, P. (January 2016). "Logistics of large scale commercial IVF embryo production".
2153:
1922:
644:, prior to selecting embryos for use in IVF. Some have proposed (or even attempted - see
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590:. Examples of scientific discoveries made while studying embryos that were awarded the
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628:(ART) is used for addressing fertility concerns in humans and other animals, and for
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189:
180:. Once implanted the embryo will continue its development through the next stages of
165:
110:
2641:
The Role of
Biotechnology in Exploring and Protecting Agricultural Genetic Resources
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in agricultural species. Between the years 1987 and 2015, ART techniques including
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185:
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2314:
1368:"Process of Eukaryotic Embryonic Development | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia"
386:) are called diploblastic, and those that form three (most other animals, from
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Nowotschin, Sonja; Hadjantonakis, Anna-Katerina; Campbell, Kyra (2019-06-01).
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that will form all of the different parts of the body. Neurulation forms the
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2746:"San Diego's Frozen Zoo Offers Hope for Endangered Species Around the World"
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1606:"Building a plant: cell fate specification in the early Arabidopsis embryo"
1500:
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Since all land plants create embryos, they are collectively referred to as
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1991:
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640:(PGD), which can identify certain serious genetic abnormalities, such as
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522:(grow out from the seed) and forms its first true leaf, it is called a
321:
17:
1992:"Planarian embryology in the era of comparative developmental biology"
1143:"Notch signaling in the division of germ layers in bilaterian embryos"
1026:
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418:, embryonic development is considered finished when a bone called the
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Kumar, Megha; Pushpa, Kumari; Mylavarapu, Sivaram V. S. (July 2015).
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122:
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2243:
European
Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
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78:
27:
Multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development
1057:
Niakan, KK; Han, J; Pedersen, RA; Simon, C; Pera, RA (March 2012).
121:. The resulting fusion of these two cells produces a single-celled
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Jukam, David; Shariati, S. Ali M.; Skotheim, Jan M. (2017-08-21).
1945:"Chapter 4 - Of Mice and Men: The History of Embryonic Stem Cells"
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2502:"Scientists use IVF procedures to help save near-extinct rhinos"
1990:
Martín-Durán, José M.; Monjo, Francisco; Romero, Rafael (2012).
1312:"The endoderm: a divergent cell lineage with many commonalities"
538:
478:
177:
52:
4500:
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2922:
1604:
Hove, Colette A. ten; Lu, Kuan-Ju; Weijers, Dolf (2015-02-01).
3709:
3271:
2285:"New U.S. Experiments Aim To Create Gene-Edited Human Embryos"
2665:
2154:"Spemann-Mangold Organizer | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia"
252:
242:
692:" in various places around the world, including in the UK's
2643:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
367:
into the uterine wall the embryo is sometimes known as the
1856:"Plant development - Nutritional dependence of the embryo"
2918:
2315:"Genome-edited baby claim provokes international outcry"
1396:
Hartenstein, Volker; Stollewerk, Angelika (2015-02-23).
2687:
1141:
Favarolo, María Belén; López, Silvia L. (2018-12-01).
919:"The Circle of Life: The Stages of Animal Development"
469:) create embryos after the fertilization of a haploid
1540:"seed | Form, Function, Dispersal, & Germination"
1255:"Vertebrate Endoderm Development and Organ Formation"
348:
cleavage, blastula, gastrulation, and organogenesis.
109:
is the part of the life cycle that begins just after
2837:"Dinosaur embryo fossils reveal life inside the egg"
431:
broadly as the study of the development of animals.
312:
Embryonic development of salamander, circa the 1920s
227:
First attested in
English in the mid-14c., the word
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1454:"Embryo vs. Fetus: The First 27 Weeks of Pregnancy"
39:
1996:The International Journal of Developmental Biology
1484:"Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish"
550:the rest of the embryo varies by group of plants.
2721:San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research
2688:"Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife"
680:Cryoconservation of plant and animal biodiversity
2183:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995"
2313:Cyranoski, David; Ledford, Heidi (2018-11-26).
1259:Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
4512:
4183:
2934:
719:Fossilized animal embryos are known from the
192:. Gastrulation is the formation of the three
8:
4040:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
1225:"Mesoderm | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia"
1201:"Ectoderm | The Embryo Project Encyclopedia"
723:, and are found in great numbers during the
251:), lit. "young one", which is the neuter of
1059:"Human pre-implantation embryo development"
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3141:
2941:
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2098:"Zygotic Genome Activation in Vertebrates"
987:(Fourth ed.). W.B. Saunders Company.
93:is the initial stage of development for a
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2007:
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624:Creating and/or manipulating embryos via
3984:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
2471:. Springer Netherlands. pp. 49–66.
2443:"Agriculture for Impact Embryo Transfer"
2401:Reproduction, Fertility, and Development
1827:"Life Cycle - in a nutshell - bryophyte"
1253:Zorn, Aaron M.; Wells, James M. (2009).
355:Depending on the species, a blastula or
784:
2847:from the original on 24 September 2015
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
870:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
847:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
824:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
801:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
76:
36:
2870:UNSW Embryology - Educational website
1398:"The Evolution of Early Neurogenesis"
1271:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.113344
1010:"Patterning the early Xenopus embryo"
685:Cryoconservation of genetic resources
592:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
7:
2212:"IVF by the Numbers – Penn Medicine"
1798:"Germination and Seedling Emergence"
978:
976:
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481:. Other seed components include the
141:, (16-cell stage) takes in fluid to
1951:, Academic Press, pp. 69–100,
3560:
2676:from the original on Apr 14, 2024.
1957:10.1016/B978-0-12-411551-4.00004-0
1120:10.1111/j.1467-8519.1995.tb00299.x
923:Developmental Biology. 6th Edition
25:
3989:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
638:preimplantation genetic diagnosis
149:. The structure is then termed a
4152:
4151:
2875:A Comparative Embryology Gallery
2538:Lee, Alicia (25 February 2020).
1884:Clark, Mary Ann (5 March 2018).
1576:"Chapter 12A. Plant Development"
626:assisted reproductive technology
620:Assisted reproductive technology
561:, which do not produce embryos.
273:form of the Greek term would be
269:), "swell, be full"; the proper
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2785:from the original on 2020-11-09
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1973:from the original on 2022-04-18
1866:from the original on 2022-07-12
1837:from the original on 2022-04-18
1808:from the original on 2022-06-16
1742:"Seed dormancy and germination"
1740:Penfield, Steven (2017-09-11).
1722:from the original on 2022-09-09
1664:from the original on 2024-09-10
1586:from the original on 2021-03-08
1550:from the original on 2022-07-11
1464:from the original on 2022-07-23
1378:from the original on 2022-08-03
1235:from the original on 2024-09-10
958:from the original on 2019-10-30
929:from the original on 2022-03-24
896:from the original on 2022-05-31
884:Molnar, Charles (14 May 2015).
375:. Sometimes this is called the
261:), lit. "growing in", from ἐν (
731:embryos have been discovered.
509:(embryonic leaves) will form.
1:
4528:Development of the human body
1008:Heasman, Janet (2006-04-01).
985:An Introduction to Embryology
983:Balinsky, Boris Ivan (1975).
4030:History of plant systematics
3617:Thorns, spines, and prickles
2804:"Svalbard Global Seed Vault"
2255:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.04.004
2114:10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.026
1414:10.1016/j.devcel.2015.02.004
292:Animal embryonic development
4475:Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
4420:Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
4199:Human embryonic development
2477:10.1007/978-94-017-9121-2_4
1949:Stem Cells (Second Edition)
610:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
441:Plant embryonic development
298:Human embryonic development
4785:
3846:Alternation of generations
2596:10.1038/s41598-018-24376-1
2500:Sample, Ian (2019-09-11).
2340:10.1038/d41586-018-07545-0
917:Gilbert, Scott F. (2000).
712:
703:Svalbard Global Seed Vault
444:
438:
373:pre-implantation conceptus
295:
289:
253:
243:
29:
4147:
3996:Cultivated plant taxonomy
3959:Biological classification
2956:
2899:
2890:
2882:
1886:"Bryophytes – Biology 2e"
1802:Forage Information System
1767:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.050
1687:www2.estrellamountain.edu
1160:10.1016/j.mod.2018.06.005
1147:Mechanisms of Development
596:Spemann-Mangold organizer
580:evolution and development
164:The mammalian blastocyst
71:
58:embryo seven weeks after
44:
4480:Somatopleuric mesenchyme
4392:Somatopleuric mesenchyme
4201:in the first three weeks
3856:Evolutionary development
727:period. Even fossilized
461:seed, showing the embryo
324:) of the wrinkled frog (
3507:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
1860:Encyclopedia Britannica
1544:Encyclopædia Britannica
872:A Greek-English Lexicon
849:A Greek-English Lexicon
826:A Greek-English Lexicon
803:A Greek-English Lexicon
565:Research and technology
533:instead of seeds, like
369:pre-implantation embryo
32:Embryo (disambiguation)
4364:Regional specification
4122:by author abbreviation
4046:Plant taxonomy systems
3964:Botanical nomenclature
1501:10.1002/aja.1002030302
1488:Developmental Dynamics
757:In vitro fertilisation
634:in vitro fertilization
462:
344:
329:
313:
205:newly developing human
95:multicellular organism
73:Anatomical terminology
4759:Developmental biology
4470:Intraembryonic coelom
4129:Botanical expeditions
2009:10.1387/ijdb.113442jm
666:Northern white rhinos
652:of human embryos via
454:
445:Further information:
335:
319:
311:
107:embryonic development
3861:Evolutionary history
3851:Double fertilization
3703:Cellular respiration
2750:Smithsonian Magazine
2216:www.pennmedicine.org
1915:"What are seaweeds?"
1654:"| CK-12 Foundation"
752:Prenatal development
570:Biological processes
529:Plants that produce
125:that undergoes many
30:For other uses, see
3080:Non-vascular plants
2587:2018NatSR...8.5997F
2331:2018Natur.563..607C
1758:2017CBio...27.R874P
4769:Fertility medicine
4683:Emerging adulthood
3585:Surface structures
3380:Flower development
2893:Animal development
2574:Scientific Reports
2102:Developmental Cell
1919:formosa.ntm.gov.tw
1716:Biology Dictionary
1623:10.1242/dev.111500
1580:biology.kenyon.edu
1402:Developmental Cell
1328:10.1242/dev.150920
1075:10.1242/dev.060426
866:2013-05-31 at the
843:2013-05-31 at the
820:2013-05-31 at the
797:2013-05-31 at the
709:Fossilized embryos
630:selective breeding
465:Flowering plants (
463:
345:
330:
314:
265:), "in" and βρύω (
103:reproduce sexually
4741:
4740:
4605:Adult development
4583:Child development
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4219:Oocyte activation
4165:
4164:
3804:Herbaceous plants
3630:
3629:
2917:
2916:
2900:Succeeded by
2486:978-94-017-9121-2
2325:(7733): 607–608.
1752:(17): R874–R878.
1712:"Vascular Tissue"
1322:(11): dev150920.
1027:10.1242/dev.02304
646:He Jiankui affair
320:Embryos (and one
309:
87:
86:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4776:
4721:Social and legal
4521:
4514:
4507:
4498:
4382:Surface ectoderm
4345:Primitive groove
4326:Primitive streak
4310:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4169:
4155:
4154:
4134:Individual trees
3809:Secondary growth
3780:Succulent plants
3768:Prostrate shrubs
3651:Apical dominance
3636:Plant physiology
3597:Epicuticular wax
3142:
3135:
3126:Plant morphology
2943:
2936:
2929:
2920:
2883:Preceded by
2880:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2833:Morelle, Rebecca
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2666:"The Frozen Ark"
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2615:
2589:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2445:. Archived from
2439:
2433:
2432:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2342:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2076:
2057:10.1002/iub.1404
2036:
2030:
2029:
2011:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1921:. Archived from
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1892:. Archived from
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1769:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1689:. Archived from
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1625:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1572:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1503:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1290:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1172:
1162:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1086:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1029:
1020:(7): 1205–1217.
1005:
999:
998:
980:
967:
966:
964:
963:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
914:
905:
904:
902:
901:
881:
875:
858:
852:
835:
829:
812:
806:
789:
455:The inside of a
310:
256:
255:
246:
245:
79:edit on Wikidata
49:
37:
21:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4733:Age of majority
4716:
4649:Early childhood
4624:
4571:Birth and after
4566:
4562:Gestational age
4530:
4525:
4495:
4486:
4424:
4406:
4368:
4301:
4295:
4274:
4268:
4259:Inner cell mass
4202:
4196:
4166:
4161:
4143:
4112:Botanical terms
4105:
4091:
4055:
4001:Citrus taxonomy
3979:Author citation
3945:
3839:
3818:
3740:
3734:
3730:Turgor pressure
3638:
3626:
3580:
3395:Floral symmetry
3313:
3305:
3235:
3224:Vascular bundle
3219:Vascular tissue
3178:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3114:
3085:Vascular plants
3050:
3046:Plant pathology
2970:
2952:
2947:
2913:
2896:
2888:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2786:
2779:The Independent
2773:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2757:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2730:
2728:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2701:
2699:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2521:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2413:10.1071/RD16317
2398:
2397:
2393:
2384:
2382:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2196:
2194:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2038:
2037:
2033:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1967:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1831:www.anbg.gov.au
1825:
1824:
1820:
1811:
1809:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1746:Current Biology
1739:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1723:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1587:
1574:
1573:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1007:
1006:
1002:
995:
982:
981:
970:
961:
959:
946:
945:
941:
932:
930:
916:
915:
908:
899:
897:
883:
882:
878:
868:Wayback Machine
859:
855:
845:Wayback Machine
836:
832:
822:Wayback Machine
813:
809:
799:Wayback Machine
790:
786:
781:
776:
737:
717:
711:
682:
650:genetic editing
622:
608:fly embryos by
588:gene expression
572:
567:
449:
443:
437:
303:
301:
294:
288:
283:
225:
143:create a cavity
83:
67:
64:gestational age
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4782:
4780:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4746:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4673:Preadolescence
4665:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4501:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4440:
4438:Axial mesoderm
4434:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4336:Primitive node
4333:
4318:
4316:
4307:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4172:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4102:Related topics
4100:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4051:Taxonomic rank
4048:
4043:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4003:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3969:Botanical name
3961:
3955:
3953:
3951:Plant taxonomy
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3927:Megasporangium
3924:
3923:
3922:
3915:Microsporangia
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3760:
3755:
3753:Cushion plants
3744:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3690:
3688:Plant hormones
3685:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3671:Photosynthesis
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3640:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3390:Floral formula
3387:
3385:Floral diagram
3382:
3377:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3314:(incl. Flower)
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3214:Storage organs
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3100:Spermatophytes
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3070:Archaeplastida
3067:
3061:
3059:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3024:Phytogeography
3021:
3019:Phytochemistry
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2976:Subdisciplines
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2901:
2898:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2864:External links
2862:
2859:
2858:
2824:
2795:
2781:. 2018-03-04.
2766:
2737:
2723:. 2016-01-26.
2708:
2679:
2657:
2627:
2560:
2530:
2492:
2485:
2459:
2434:
2391:
2362:
2305:
2276:
2232:
2203:
2187:NobelPrize.org
2174:
2158:embryo.asu.edu
2145:
2108:(4): 316–332.
2088:
2051:(7): 575–587.
2031:
2002:(1–3): 39–48.
1982:
1965:
1935:
1906:
1876:
1847:
1818:
1804:. 2016-03-28.
1789:
1732:
1718:. 2018-05-21.
1703:
1674:
1645:
1616:(3): 420–430.
1596:
1560:
1531:
1494:(3): 253–310.
1474:
1445:
1408:(4): 390–407.
1388:
1372:embryo.asu.edu
1359:
1302:
1245:
1229:embryo.asu.edu
1216:
1205:embryo.asu.edu
1192:
1133:
1098:
1049:
1000:
993:
968:
952:11e.devbio.com
939:
906:
876:
853:
830:
807:
783:
782:
780:
777:
775:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
738:
736:
733:
715:Fossil embryos
713:Main article:
710:
707:
681:
678:
621:
618:
614:Eric Wieschaus
602:discovered in
571:
568:
566:
563:
545:on a parental
495:photosynthesis
439:Main article:
436:
433:
290:Main article:
287:
286:Animal embryos
284:
282:
279:
238:, itself from
233:Medieval Latin
224:
221:
198:nervous system
176:lining of the
127:cell divisions
113:of the female
85:
84:
75:
69:
68:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4781:
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4755:
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4706:
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4465:Lateral plate
4463:
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4409:
4403:
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4398:
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4388:
4387:Neuroectoderm
4385:
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4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4358:
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4331:Primitive pit
4329:
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4308:
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4235:
4232:
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4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4214:Fertilization
4212:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4193:
4188:
4186:
4181:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4158:
4150:
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4130:
4127:
4123:
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4119:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4088:
4087:Phytochemical
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4058:
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4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
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3980:
3977:
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3970:
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3754:
3751:
3750:
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3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Transpiration
3723:
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3713:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3699:
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3528:
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3515:
3514:
3513:
3512:Inflorescence
3510:
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3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
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3333:
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3217:
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3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3197:Ground tissue
3195:
3193:
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3187:
3185:
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3133:
3127:
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3123:
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3120:Plant anatomy
3117:
3111:
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3101:
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3066:
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3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:Plant ecology
3039:
3037:
3036:Plant anatomy
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:Archaeobotany
2982:
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2809:
2805:
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2784:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2717:"Frozen Zoo®"
2712:
2709:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2670:frozenark.org
2667:
2661:
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2482:
2478:
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2470:
2463:
2460:
2449:on 2020-07-31
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2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1972:
1968:
1966:9780124115514
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
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1936:
1925:on 2019-11-20
1924:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1896:on 2022-05-03
1895:
1891:
1890:opentextbc.ca
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1693:on 2022-06-14
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1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1099:
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1090:
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1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:(5): 829–41.
1068:
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1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
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1001:
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994:0-7216-1518-X
990:
986:
979:
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975:
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969:
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949:
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890:opentextbc.ca
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773:
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730:
726:
722:
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708:
706:
704:
699:
698:San Diego Zoo
695:
691:
686:
679:
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675:
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663:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
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631:
627:
619:
617:
615:
611:
607:
606:
601:
600:body segments
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:cell division
581:
577:
569:
564:
562:
560:
556:
551:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
526:or plantlet.
525:
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512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
460:
459:
453:
448:
442:
435:Plant embryos
434:
432:
430:
425:
421:
417:
412:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:middle cavity
358:
353:
349:
342:
338:
334:
327:
323:
318:
299:
293:
285:
280:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
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241:
237:
234:
231:derives from
230:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
190:organogenesis
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:that produce
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:fertilization
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
80:
74:
70:
65:
61:
57:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4700:Middle adult
4635:Early years
4551:
4535:Before birth
4460:Intermediate
4402:Neural crest
4357:Gastrulation
4082:Horticulture
4072:Floriculture
3974:Correct name
3824:Reproduction
3814:Woody plants
3739:Plant growth
3698:Gas Exchange
3683:Phytomelanin
3561:Plant embryo
3311:Reproductive
3159:Phragmoplast
2891:
2849:. Retrieved
2840:
2827:
2816:. Retrieved
2807:
2798:
2787:. Retrieved
2778:
2769:
2758:. Retrieved
2749:
2740:
2729:. Retrieved
2720:
2711:
2700:. Retrieved
2691:
2682:
2669:
2660:
2649:. Retrieved
2640:
2630:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2552:. Retrieved
2543:
2533:
2522:. Retrieved
2506:The Guardian
2505:
2495:
2469:Mendel's Ark
2468:
2462:
2451:. Retrieved
2447:the original
2437:
2407:(1): 32–36.
2404:
2400:
2394:
2383:. Retrieved
2374:
2365:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2297:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2224:. Retrieved
2215:
2206:
2195:. Retrieved
2186:
2177:
2166:. Retrieved
2157:
2148:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2048:
2044:
2034:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1975:, retrieved
1948:
1938:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:the original
1918:
1909:
1898:. Retrieved
1894:the original
1889:
1879:
1868:. Retrieved
1859:
1850:
1839:. Retrieved
1830:
1821:
1810:. Retrieved
1801:
1792:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1724:. Retrieved
1715:
1706:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:the original
1686:
1683:"GLOSSARY G"
1677:
1666:. Retrieved
1658:www.ck12.org
1657:
1648:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1588:. Retrieved
1579:
1552:. Retrieved
1543:
1534:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1466:. Retrieved
1457:
1448:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1380:. Retrieved
1371:
1362:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1237:. Retrieved
1228:
1219:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:
1195:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1114:(1): 32–49.
1111:
1107:
1101:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1017:
1013:
1003:
984:
960:. Retrieved
951:
948:"DevBio 11e"
942:
931:. Retrieved
922:
898:. Retrieved
889:
879:
874:, on Perseus
871:
856:
851:, on Perseus
848:
833:
828:, on Perseus
825:
810:
805:, on Perseus
802:
787:
718:
683:
658:
623:
603:
594:include the
573:
555:embryophytes
552:
528:
513:(centers of
464:
456:
413:
409:
381:
376:
372:
368:
354:
350:
346:
325:
274:
266:
262:
258:
248:
235:
228:
226:
202:
182:gastrulation
170:implantating
163:
117:by the male
90:
88:
62:(nine weeks
4705:Elder adult
4695:Young adult
4678:Adolescence
4542:Development
4397:Neurulation
4322:Archenteron
4314:Germ layers
4264:Trophoblast
3898:Pollen tube
3893:Pollinators
3883:Pollination
3878:Germination
3693:Respiration
3676:Chlorophyll
3522:Pedicellate
3456:Gametophyte
3375:Aestivation
3326:Antheridium
3321:Archegonium
3169:Plasmodesma
3146:Plant cells
3009:Paleobotany
3004:Ethnobotany
2989:Astrobotany
2580:(1): 5997.
2249:(1): 9–13.
1610:Development
1458:MedicineNet
1316:Development
1265:: 221–251.
1170:11336/90473
1153:: 122–144.
1063:Development
1014:Development
767:Miscarriage
742:Embryo loss
721:Precambrian
690:frozen zoos
654:CRISPR-Cas9
547:gametophyte
543:archegonium
467:angiosperms
326:Rana rugosa
281:Development
194:germ layers
186:neurulation
174:endometrial
135:blastomeres
4754:Embryology
4748:Categories
4615:Senescence
4453:Somitomere
4340:Blastopore
4304:Trilaminar
4254:Blastocyst
4249:Blastocoel
4244:Cavitation
4234:Blastomere
3920:Microspore
3910:Sporangium
3888:Artificial
3576:Sporophyte
3571:Sporophyll
3566:Receptacle
3461:Gynandrium
3331:Androecium
3240:Vegetative
3110:Angiosperm
3105:Gymnosperm
2999:Dendrology
2818:2020-04-15
2808:Crop Trust
2789:2020-04-15
2760:2020-04-15
2731:2020-04-15
2702:2020-04-15
2651:2020-04-15
2554:2020-04-15
2524:2020-04-15
2453:2020-04-15
2385:2020-04-15
2299:2020-04-15
2226:2020-04-15
2197:2019-11-14
2168:2019-11-14
2045:IUBMB Life
1977:2019-11-14
1929:2019-11-09
1900:2019-11-14
1870:2019-11-14
1841:2019-11-14
1812:2019-11-09
1726:2019-11-09
1697:2019-11-09
1668:2019-11-09
1590:2019-11-09
1554:2019-11-09
1468:2019-11-07
1382:2019-11-07
1239:2019-11-07
1210:2019-11-07
962:2019-11-07
933:2019-11-07
900:2019-10-30
762:Pre-embryo
694:Frozen Ark
642:aneuploidy
605:Drosophila
576:stem cells
535:bryophytes
507:cotyledons
487:asymmetric
447:Sporophyte
429:embryology
424:viviparous
404:epithelium
377:pre-embryo
365:implanting
357:blastocyst
155:blastocyst
147:blastocoel
119:sperm cell
60:conception
4764:Bioethics
4690:Adulthood
4654:Childhood
4286:Hypoblast
4277:Bilaminar
4117:Botanists
4035:Herbarium
3932:Megaspore
3830:Evolution
3773:Subshrubs
3741:and habit
3666:Nutrition
3661:Cellulose
3656:Bulk flow
3639:Materials
3602:Epidermis
3466:Gynoecium
3447:Endosperm
3442:Dispersal
3358:Staminode
3294:Sessility
3282:Cataphyll
3202:Mesophyll
3154:Cell wall
3095:Lycophyte
3075:Bryophyte
3029:Geobotany
3014:Phycology
2907:Hatchling
2604:2045-2322
2514:0261-3077
2421:1031-3613
2263:1872-7654
2122:1878-1551
2065:1521-6551
2018:1696-3547
1776:0960-9822
1632:0950-1991
1510:1097-0177
1422:1534-5807
1336:0950-1991
1279:1081-0706
1179:0925-4773
1108:Bioethics
1036:0950-1991
747:Pregnancy
674:sturgeons
520:germinate
515:stem cell
511:Meristems
491:epidermis
483:endosperm
420:cleithrum
416:zebrafish
388:flatworms
271:Latinized
223:Etymology
172:into the
145:called a
133:known as
99:organisms
4443:Paraxial
4430:Mesoderm
4412:Endoderm
4374:Ectoderm
4352:Gastrula
4291:Epiblast
4229:Cleavage
4157:Category
4077:Forestry
4067:Agronomy
4060:Practice
4011:Cultivar
4006:Cultigen
3866:timeline
3758:Rosettes
3646:Aleurone
3622:Trichome
3539:Perianth
3351:Filament
3209:Meristem
3132:glossary
2994:Bryology
2851:8 August
2845:Archived
2841:BBC News
2812:Archived
2783:Archived
2754:Archived
2725:Archived
2696:Archived
2692:bceaw.ae
2674:Archived
2645:Archived
2622:29662093
2548:Archived
2518:Archived
2429:28278791
2379:Archived
2357:53768039
2349:30482929
2293:Archived
2271:19411132
2220:Archived
2191:Archived
2162:Archived
2140:28829942
2083:26173082
2026:22450993
1971:archived
1864:Archived
1835:Archived
1806:Archived
1784:28898656
1720:Archived
1662:Archived
1640:25605778
1584:Archived
1548:Archived
1526:19327966
1462:Archived
1440:25710527
1376:Archived
1354:31160415
1297:19575677
1233:Archived
1187:29940277
1128:11653031
1093:22318624
1044:16527985
956:Archived
927:Archived
894:Archived
864:Archived
841:Archived
818:Archived
795:Archived
772:Abortion
735:See also
729:dinosaur
725:Cambrian
670:cheetahs
524:seedling
400:endoderm
396:mesoderm
392:ectoderm
384:Cnidaria
217:hatching
151:blastula
115:egg cell
4644:Toddler
4598:Puberty
4300:Week 3
4273:Week 2
3835:Ecology
3592:Cuticle
3422:Capsule
3412:Anatomy
3363:Tapetum
3287:Petiole
3262:Rhizome
3257:Rhizoid
3184:Tissues
3174:Vacuole
3164:Plastid
2966:Outline
2961:History
2897:Embryo
2613:5902484
2582:Bibcode
2327:Bibcode
2289:NPR.org
2131:5714289
2074:5937677
1754:Bibcode
1518:8589427
1431:5987553
1345:6589075
1288:2861293
1084:3274351
815:ἔμβρυος
792:ἔμβρυον
662:cloning
343:embryos
322:tadpole
275:embryum
259:embruos
254:ἔμβρυος
249:embruon
244:ἔμβρυον
229:embryon
168:before
166:hatches
159:mammals
153:, or a
18:Embryon
4639:Infant
4629:Phases
4610:Ageing
4588:Stages
4552:Embryo
4547:Zygote
4448:Somite
4239:Morula
4224:Zygote
4207:Week 1
4139:Plants
4042:(IAPT)
3795:Lianas
3763:Shrubs
3715:Starch
3607:Nectar
3527:Raceme
3493:Stigma
3481:Locule
3471:Carpel
3432:Pyrena
3370:Flower
3346:Anther
3341:Stamen
3336:Pollen
3058:groups
2950:Botany
2886:Zygote
2620:
2610:
2602:
2512:
2483:
2427:
2419:
2355:
2347:
2319:Nature
2269:
2261:
2138:
2128:
2120:
2081:
2071:
2063:
2024:
2016:
1963:
1782:
1774:
1638:
1630:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1438:
1428:
1420:
1352:
1342:
1334:
1295:
1285:
1277:
1185:
1177:
1126:
1091:
1081:
1042:
1034:
991:
672:, and
586:, and
531:spores
503:phloem
475:pollen
458:Ginkgo
398:, and
236:embryo
188:, and
139:morula
123:zygote
91:embryo
40:Embryo
4728:Minor
4712:Dying
4668:Youth
4659:Child
4620:Death
4593:Early
4578:Birth
4557:Fetus
4099:Lists
4016:Group
3939:Spore
3873:Flora
3790:Vines
3785:Trees
3748:Habit
3720:Sugar
3612:Stoma
3554:Sepal
3549:Petal
3544:Tepal
3532:Umbel
3517:Bract
3498:Style
3486:Ovule
3476:Ovary
3417:Berry
3407:Fruit
3400:Whorl
3267:Shoot
3065:Algae
3056:Plant
2911:Larva
2903:Fetus
2353:S2CID
1522:S2CID
779:Notes
559:algae
539:ferns
499:xylem
471:ovule
341:snake
337:Mouse
240:Greek
213:birth
209:fetus
131:cells
101:that
97:. In
77:[
56:human
4021:Grex
3903:Self
3437:Seed
3299:Stem
3277:Leaf
3252:Root
3247:Bulb
3231:Wood
3192:Cork
3090:Fern
2853:2015
2618:PMID
2600:ISSN
2510:ISSN
2481:ISBN
2425:PMID
2417:ISSN
2375:Time
2345:PMID
2267:PMID
2259:ISSN
2136:PMID
2118:ISSN
2079:PMID
2061:ISSN
2022:PMID
2014:ISSN
1961:ISBN
1780:PMID
1772:ISSN
1636:PMID
1628:ISSN
1514:PMID
1506:ISSN
1436:PMID
1418:ISSN
1350:PMID
1332:ISSN
1293:PMID
1275:ISSN
1183:PMID
1175:ISSN
1124:PMID
1089:PMID
1040:PMID
1032:ISSN
989:ISBN
861:βρύω
612:and
537:and
501:and
479:seed
339:and
267:bruō
178:womb
53:male
3710:Sap
3427:Nut
3272:Bud
2608:PMC
2592:doi
2544:CNN
2473:doi
2409:doi
2335:doi
2323:563
2251:doi
2247:145
2126:PMC
2110:doi
2069:PMC
2053:doi
2004:doi
1953:doi
1762:doi
1618:doi
1614:142
1496:doi
1492:203
1426:PMC
1410:doi
1340:PMC
1324:doi
1320:146
1283:PMC
1267:doi
1165:hdl
1155:doi
1151:154
1116:doi
1079:PMC
1071:doi
1067:139
1022:doi
1018:133
473:by
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