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Cubero-Sesin, Jorge M.; Davdian, Gregory; Demirtas, Muhammet; Divinski, Sergiy; Durst, Karsten; Dvorak, Jiri; Edalati, Parisa; Emura, Satoshi; Enikeev, Nariman A.; Faraji, Ghader; Figueiredo, Roberto B.; Floriano, Ricardo; Fouladvind, Marjan; Fruchart, Daniel; Fuji, Masayoshi; Fujiwara, Hiroshi; Gajdics, Marcell; Gheorghe, Diana; Gondek, Ćukasz; GonzĂĄlez-HernĂĄndez, JoaquĂn E.; Gornakova, Alena; Grosdidier, Thierry; Gubicza, JenĆ; Gunderov, Dmitry; He, Liqing; Higuera, Oscar Fabian; Hirosawa, Shoichi; Hohenwarter, Anton; Horita, Zenji; Horky, Jelena; Huang, Yi; Huot, Jacques; Ikoma, Yoshifumi; Ishihara, Tatsumi; Ivanisenko, Yulia; Jang, Jae-il; Jorge Jr, Alberto M.; Kawabata-Ota, Mie; Kawasaki, Megumi; Khelfa, Tarek; Kobayashi, Junya; Kommel, Lembit; Korneva, Anna; Kral, Petr; Kudriashova, Natalia; Kuramoto, Shigeru; Langdon, Terence G.; Lee, Dong-Hyun; Levitas, Valery I.; Li, Cong; Li, Hai-Wen; Li, Yongtao; Li, Zheng; Lin, Huai-Jun; Liss, Klaus-Dieter; Liu, Ying; Marulanda
Cardona, Diana Maritza; Matsuda, Kenji; Mazilkin, Andrey; Mine, Yoji; Miyamoto, Hiroyuki; Moon, Suk-Chun; MĂŒller, Timo; Muñoz, Jairo Alberto; Murashkin, Maxim Yu.; Naeem, Muhammad; Novelli, Marc; Olasz, DĂĄniel; Pippan, Reinhard; Popov, Vladimir V.; Popova, Elena N.; Purcek, Gencaga; de Rango, Patricia; Renk, Oliver; Retraint, Delphine; RĂ©vĂ©sz, ĂdĂĄm; Roche, Virginie; Rodriguez-Calvillo, Pablo; Romero-Resendiz, Liliana; Sauvage, Xavier; Sawaguchi, Takahiro; Sena, Hadi; Shahmir, Hamed; Shi, Xiaobin; Sklenicka, Vaclav; Skrotzki, Werner; Skryabina, Nataliya; Staab, Franziska; Straumal, Boris; Sun, Zhidan; Szczerba, Maciej; Takizawa, Yoichi; Tang, Yongpeng; Valiev, Ruslan Z.; Vozniak, Alina; Voznyak, Andrei; Wang, Bo; Wang, Jing Tao; Wilde, Gerhard; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Meng; Zhang, Peng; Zhou, Jianqiang; Zhu, Xinkun; Zhu, Yuntian T. (2024).
176:, strain is introduced by reduction in the cross sectional area. ECAE produces significant deformation strain without reducing the cross sectional area. This is accomplished by extruding the work piece around a corner. For example, a square cross section bar of metal is forced through a channel with a 90° degree angle. The cross section of the channel is equal on entry and exit. The complex deformation of the metal as it flows around the corner produces very high strain. Because the cross section remains the same, a work piece can be extruded multiple times with each pass introducing additional strain.
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Kawasaki, M.; KrÇl, P.; Kuramoto, S.; Langdon, T.G.; Leiva, D.R.; Levitas, V.I.; Mazilkin, A.; Mito, M.; Miyamoto, H.; Nishizaki, T.; Pippan, R.; Popov, V.V.; Popova, E.N.; Purcek, G.; Renk, O.; RĂ©vĂ©sz, A.; Sauvage, X.; Sklenicka, V.; Skrotzki, W.; Straumal, B.B.; Suwas, S.; Toth, L.S.; Tsuji, N.; Valiev, R.Z.; Wilde, G.; Zehetbauer, M.J.; Zhu, X. (April 2022).
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Edalati, Kaveh; Ahmed, Anwar Q.; Akrami, Saeid; Ameyama, Kei; Aptukov, Valery; Asfandiyarov, Rashid N.; Ashida, Maki; Astanin, Vasily; Bachmaier, Andrea; Beloshenko, Victor; Bobruk, Elena V.; BryĆa, Krzysztof; Cabrera, JosĂ© MarĂa; Carvalho, Amanda P.; Chinh, Nguyen Q.; Choi, In-Chul; Chulist, Robert;
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Edalati, K.; Bachmaier, A.; Beloshenko, V.A.; Beygelzimer, Y.; Blank, V.D.; Botta, W.J.; BryĆa, K.; ÄĂĆŸek, J.; Divinski, S.; Enikeev, N.A.; Estrin, Y.; Faraji, G.; Figueiredo, R.B.; Fuji, M.; Furuta, T.; Grosdidier, T.; Gubicza, J.; Hohenwarter, A.; Horita, Z.; Huot, J.; Ikoma, Y.; JaneÄek, M.;
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The behave during deformation and flow of the material, are analyzed by scientists and there are many articles on computer simulation, finite element method is one of the important approaches to understand the deformation occurring in the ECAE process.
137:(SPD) group, aimed at producing Ultra Fine Grained (UFG) material. The method was developed in the Soviet Union in 1973 by Segal. However, the dates are not always consistent. In industrial metalworking, it is an
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The process can be carried out in multiple passes. According to the rotation angle and direction between next passes, there can be four fundamental process routes named A, Ba, Bc, and C:
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ECAE is unique because significant cold work can be accomplished without reduction in the cross sectional area of the deformed workpiece. In conventional deformation processes like
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There are currently various modifications of the process for scaled-up or contnious production. Incremental ECAP (I-ECAP) is an example for the production of continuous products.
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During the ECAE process, the material is pressed through an angular die and experiences shear deformation, without changing its cross-sectional dimensions.
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149:. This process improves not only the strength but also other properties such as corrosion and wear resistance of alloys and compounds.
436:"Severe plastic deformation for producing superfunctional ultrafine-grainedand heterostructured materials: An interdisciplinary review"
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Ba - the sample is rotated by 90° clockwise and counterclockwise around its longitudinal axis alternatively,
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and oil, and to reduce the forces, the process is sometimes carried out at elevated temperatures but then
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258:"Nanomaterials by severe plastic deformation: review of historical developments and recent advances"
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To reduce the friction of the pushed sample is lubricated with grease for example mixture of
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Elhefnawey, Maged; Shuai, G.L.; Li, Z.; Nemat-Alla, M.; Zhang, D.T.; Li, L. (2021-02-01).
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can occur which can also leads to excessive grain growth at elevated temperature.
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Nejadseyfi, Omid; Shokuhfar, Ali; Dabiri, Amirreza; Azimi, Amin (2015-11-05).
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Bc - the sample is rotated by 90° clockwise around its longitudinal axis,
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of metals and alloys, thereby improving their strength according to the
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C - the sample is rotated by 180° around its longitudinal axis.
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Die design is critical because of the large forces required.
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219:Finite element method in the ECAE process
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303:Severe plastic deformation technology
238:Strengthening mechanisms of materials
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55:"Equal channel angular extrusion"
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440:Journal of Alloys and Compounds
359:Journal of Alloys and Compounds
335:Equal channel angular extrusion
119:Equal channel angular extrusion
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398:Alexandria Engineering Journal
205:A - The sample in not rotated,
127:equal channel angular pressing
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371:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.177
300:Rosochowski, Andrzej (2013).
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