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875:). Murong Ping led a 300,000-men strong force against Wang, but apprehensive of Wang, he stopped at Lu River (潞川, in modern Changzhi as well). Wang soon arrived to prepare to face off against him. Meanwhile, Murong Ping made the worst display of his corruption at this time—keeping guards at forests and streams, disallowing commoners and even his own soldiers from cutting firewood or fishing unless they paid a usage fee in either money or silk. He soon had a stash of wealth, but completely lost the morale of his soldiers. Murong Wei, hearing this, sent a messenger to rebuke him and ordering him to distribute the wealth to the soldiers, but the damage was done. In winter 370, the armies engaged, and despite the numerical advantage that Murong Ping had, Wang crushed him, and Murong Ping fled back to Yecheng by himself. Murong Wei abandoned Yecheng and tried to flee to the old capital Helong (和龍, in modern
951:) Provinces—and yet the governmental records paradoxically recorded that these provinces, except You Province, received large yields on their crop fields, and that the locusts did not infest the hemp and bean plants, a fairly impossible scenario. This suggested that government officials were no longer reporting statuses of their provinces honestly but were only making reports that pleased Fu Jian and the high level officials. This might be because Fu Jian, after Wang's death, felt that he had to personally oversee everything, and was burdening himself with too many tasks, as evidenced in an edict that he issued in 376 indicating that his workload was burdening him so much that half of his hair turned white.
675:). It was with Li's support that Wang's position became increasingly important, eventually becoming one of prime minister status. This was particularly the case when, around new year 358, Empress Dowager Gou, apprehensive of Fu Fa's growing authority, forced him to commit suicide. Senior officials, mostly of Di ethnicity, were often jealous of Wang, but whatever conflict they engaged with Wang always resulted in Wang's prevailing over them, since Wang was favored by Fu Jian. Wang, with Fu Jian's support, established rule of law throughout the empire, and he even executed the founding emperor's honored but corrupt brother-in-law, Qiang De (
1119:), with the Former Qin forces to the west of the river and the Jin forces to the east. Xie Xuan suggested to Fu Rong that he retreat west to allow Jin forces to cross, and Fu Jian and Fu Rong agreed, but as the retreat started, the Former Qin forces panicked and could not be stopped. Fu Rong, trying to calm the troops, suddenly had his horse fall under him, and he was killed by Jin forces, which further led to a complete collapse of Former Qin forces. Fu Jian himself was hit by a stray arrow, and was forced to flee to Murong Chui, whose army was one of the few that did not collapse. Murong Chui's son
1183:) the Duke of Julu, assisted by Yao Chang, against Murong Hong. Murong Hong, in fear, was about to leave Guanzhong, and Fu Rui was intent on cutting off his escape route, despite Yao's suggestion to let the Xianbei leave. Instead, Murong Hong, forced into combat, defeated and killed Fu Rui. When Yao sent messengers to the capital to report the defeat, Fu Jian, for reasons unknown, got so angry that he killed Yao's messengers—causing Yao to panic and flee with Qiang soldiers. Yao then declared himself "the Prince of Qin of Ten Thousand Years" (
639:, with whom he immediately developed a friendship. Fu Jian planned to act against Fu Sheng but hesitated, since Fu Sheng was a powerful warrior. However, after news leaked that Fu Sheng had planned to kill Fu Jian and his brother Fu Fa, Fu Jian and Fu Fa took immediate action and attacked the palace while Fu Sheng was in a drunken stupor. Fu Sheng's guards surrendered without a fight, and Fu Jian put Fu Sheng to death and took over the throne. He did not, however, take imperial title as Fu Sheng had, but claimed the title "Heavenly King" (
914:. Meanwhile, many Former Qin officials, including Wang, became concerned about the large number of Xianbei people that he placed in the heart of the empire and how many Xianbei officials, including those of Former Yan's imperial Murong clan, he put in charge of important posts, and they largely urged him to reduce the authority of Xianbei officials. He refused. In 375, Wang became gravely ill, and he, on his death bed, suggested to Fu Jian to stop the campaigns against Jin while not trusting the Xianbei and
681:), despite Fu Jian's desire to pardon Qiang. It was described that the empire was ruled efficiently and justly during this period. Fu Jian was also recorded as having the cruel laws of Fu Sheng's reign and the extravagance. He also encouraged his officials to recommend talented people for posts, and rewarded or punished them based on whether the people they recommended performed their jobs well. It was described that Former Qin officials were therefore all highly competent and responsible.
1263:). Yao Chang tried to persuade him to ceremonially pass the throne to him, but Fu Jian, angry at Yao's betrayal, refused. He also killed Fu Bao and Fu Jin, reasoning that he did not want to let Yao's followers humiliate them. In fall 385, Yao sent his soldiers to strangle Fu Jian. Consort Zhang and Fu Shen committed suicide. Even Later Qin soldiers mourned Fu Jian, however, and Yao, in order to pretend as if he did not put Fu Jian to death, posthumously honored him as
843:. In panic, Former Yan sought assistance from Former Qin, promising that if Former Qin launched troops to assist, it would cede the Luoyang region to Former Qin. Most Former Qin officials opposed, but Wang advised Fu Jian that he had to make sure that Huan would not conquer Former Yan—because Former Qin would not be able to stand up to Jin if Jin destroyed Former Yan. Fu Jian thus launched troops, which arrived after Former Yan's general
1200:. He demanded that Fu Jian escort Murong Wei to him, and Murong Wei, while pledging allegiance to Fu Jian, secretly send messengers to Murong Hong urging him to attack Chang'an, although Murong Hong was then murdered by his own generals and replaced with Murong Chong, who claimed the title of crown prince. Meanwhile, Fu Jian himself led an army against Yao, but was unsuccessful. Fu Jian's son Fu Hui (
588:), who advanced west to conquer the Guanzhong region and the surrounding provinces, and established Former Qin in 351. In this, he was ably assisted by Fu Jian's father Fu Xiong, whom he created the Prince of Donghai. In 354, while on a campaign, Fu Xiong died. As the son of Fu Xiong's wife, Fu Jian inherited the title of Prince of Donghai, even though he had at least one older brother, Fu Fa (
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but the short-term result was that the heart of the empire, Guanzhong, was left with few Di and filled with
Xianbei and Qiang, which would eventually cause a destabilizing effect. He also summoned his brother Fu Rong back to the capital and take over posts previously held by Wang Meng. Fu Pi replaced Fu Rong in his responsibilities as viceroy over the eastern empire.
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defeats and Fu Jian's rebukes in light of the defeats, committed suicide. With Murong Chong surrounding Chang'an, Chang'an fell into a terrible famine. Fu Jian decided that he would lead an army out of the city to try to capture food supplies, and he left his crown prince Fu Hong in charge of the city, but as soon as he left, the city fell, and Fu Hong fled to Jin.
1020:). At Gou's suggestion, Fu Pi ordered that Xiangyang be surrounded to force it into submission at minimal losses, but Fu Jian, unhappy at his son's slow pace in capturing the city, ordered Fu Pi to either capture the city by spring 379 or commit suicide. Fu Pi therefore launched a major assault on the city, capturing it in spring 379. Weixing (魏興, in modern
765:) rebelled together, and Fu Jian personally attacked them, capturing Liu and forcing Cao's surrender—but, in the first instance of such actions that would lead to disaster decades later, allowed Cao and Liu to continue to command their troops. Later that year, Fu You rebelled but was killed in battle by Li, who had stayed at the capital
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thrifty living in his early years, began to spend somewhat extravagantly on palace designs. Further, one of Wang's focus areas—to keep the governmental officials honest and competent—appeared to have been ignored, as one began to see false governmental reports in historical records. For example, in 382, Former Qin suffered a major
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In late 384, Murong Wei tried to kill Fu Jian at a feast, and after this was discovered, Fu Jian put him and the other
Xianbei inside Chang'an to death. Murong Chong, upon hearing this news, declared himself emperor in early 385. He would continue to deal Fu Hui defeats, and Fu Hui, in anger over the
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After Wang Meng's death, Fu Jian continued to carry out his campaigns to try to unite the empire. These campaigns, while largely successful, were, according to historical resources, draining on the resources of the empire and of the people, and wore out his troops. Further, Fu Jian, who was known for
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had already dealt Huan one defeat, but the Former Qin forces, in conjunction with Former Yan, did deal Huan another major defeat. However, Former Yan reneged on its promise to cede the
Luoyang region, and Fu Jian put Wang in charge of a 60,000-men force against Former Yan. Wang's campaign seemed even
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Also in 380, Fu Jian carried out a historically controversial decision to distribute his Di people—a small minority in his empire—to various regions of the empire, under the command of his sons and other generals. He probably intended to have them serve as a stabilizing force throughout the empire,
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Fu Sheng's reign was one filled with violence, caprice, and cruelty. As he killed official after official in his administration, all of the nobles and officials became fearful of being the next target. A number of officials tried to persuade Fu Jian to overthrow Fu Sheng, and it was in the planning
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and further killed Fu Jian's messengers. Zhang's generals, who were displeased with the young favorites that he had installed in the regime, either surrendered or were defeated easily, and in less than a month, Zhang was forced to surrender, and Former Liang's territory (modern central and western
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Murong Chui, while not willing to resort to murder due to Fu Jian's earlier kindness to him, did decide, however, to try to reestablish Yan. Under the pretense of wanting to calm the people of the eastern empire, he persuaded Fu Jian to allow him to lead an army northeast, despite opposition by
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region, in the heart of Former Qin. In 372, he summoned Wang back to the capital to resume his post as prime minister, while putting Fu Rong in charge of the eastern empire. Wang's authority was described to be so great that Fu Jian himself had little need to worry about the affairs of state.
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Late in 364, Fu Jian tried to restore the early Jin system by permitting the dukes—his brothers, sons, and cousins—to commission their own assistants. However, he cancelled the plans when some of the dukes retained rich merchants to serve as their assistants purely on account of their wealth.
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In late 382, Fu Jian again planned to conquer Jin. Most of the important officials opposed—including the prime minister Fu Rong. However, the campaign was supported by Murong Chui and Yao Chang, and Fu Jian became intent to carrying it out, and when an official raised the point that the
824:)), rebelled together, offering to submit to Former Yan and seeking Former Yan aid. However, Murong Ping refused assistance. Fu Jian sent forces to attack the four rebellious dukes separately. Fu Wu and Fu Shuang were quickly defeated and killed, followed by Fu Liu and Fu Sou.
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and captured, but Fu Jian did not kill him but only exiled him. (This was heavily criticized by historians, who believed that Fu Jian, by not executing Fu Luo and several others in similar situations, encouraged future rebellions that eventually brought down his empire.)
1162:) as his assistant. On the way to Luoyang, Murong Chui ambushed Fu Feilong and slaughtered his Di soldiers, but still wrote an explanation to Fu Jian. In spring 384, however, Murong Chui would join Zhai and claim the title Prince of Yan, establishing
1079:), where some of the kingdoms had submitted to Former Qin as vassals but some had not. Lü's campaign would last several years and be quite successful—but by the time it was complete, Fu Jian would be dead and Former Qin would be near destruction.
1055:) the Duke of Xingtang, who felt slighted by not being sufficiently rewarded for his victories against Dai in 376 and believed that Fu Jian had worn out his troops, rebelled. He was, however, crushed by the general
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780:, Fu Jian began plans to conquer Former Yan. He would soon, however, have to contend with the possibility that his empire would be the one so conquered, as in winter of that year, Fu Liu (at Puban (蒲阪, in modern
1206:) the Duke of Pingyuan then abandoned Luoyang to come to Chang'an's aid, and all of the eastern empire was lost except for Yecheng. Meanwhile, Jin also launched campaigns, and would recapture the modern
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chief, attacked Former Qin, hoping to conquer it, Fu Jian was one of the generals who fought him and defeated him, capturing and executing him on the battlefield. Yao Xiang's brother
1140:. As Murong Chui arrived at Yecheng, he and Fu Pi suspected each other but each ruled out suggestions by their respective subordinates to ambush the other. As, at this time, the
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Fu Jian continued to carry out campaigns that were intended to eventually unite all of China. In 373, he launched a campaign against Jin's western region, conquering modern
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officials as much as he has done. After Wang died, however, Fu Jian did not agree with his last words and continued to bestow authority on the
Xianbei and Qiang officials.
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In 383, Fu Jian launched the campaign, under Fu Rong's command, despite Fu Rong's opposition. After initial victories, capturing the Jin city of
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Later in 364, Fu Sheng's brother Fu Teng the Duke of Ru'nan rebelled, but was captured and executed. Wang, concerned about four other brothers of Fu Sheng (Fu You (
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was difficult to cross, he made the remarks, "We have so many soldiers that, if they threw down their whips, it would be enough to stop the flow of the
Yangtze."
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In fall 376, Fu Jian launched a major attack against Former Liang, after its ruler Zhang Tianxi refused to show submission by visiting the Former Qin capital
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742:, he postured as if about to attack Former Qin. Fu Jian personally readied his troops to face Murong Ke, but no attack from Murong Ke actually occurred.
594:), who was created the Prince of Qinghe. Fu Jian developed the reputation of being filial and far-sighted, as well as being knowledgeable and able.
570:, who did however accord Pu great respect. Later, during Later Zhao's collapse, Pu Hong changed his name to Fu Hong, and planned a conquest of the
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would not be adopted by Fu Pi, who took the imperial throne upon hearing Fu Jian's death.
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region by early 385, as well as capturing much of the Former Qin territory south of the
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infestation that required a failed extermination effort throughout You (幽州, modern
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This article is about the third ruler of Former Qin. For the founding emperor, see
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In 367, after Murong Ke's death and replacement by the far less capable
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stages that Fu Jian, under the introduction of the official Lü Polou (
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Fu Hong (苻宏, note different character than Fu Jian's grandfather).
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Fu Jian was born in 337, when the family name was still Pu (
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Meanwhile, Murong Chui's nephew and Murong Wei's brother
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and, in light of the recent assassination of its prince
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In 378, Fu Jian sent Fu Pi, Murong Wei, and Gou Chang (
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surrendered. Initially, the lead general Fu Huangmei (
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1251:) the Duke of Zhongshan, and his daughter Fu Bao (
1419:), the Duke of Zhongshan (committed suicide 385)
816:) the Duke of Zhao (at Shanggui (上邽, in modern
578:. He was succeeded by his son, Fu Jian's uncle
336:"responsible and accomplished") (by Former Qin)
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124:Learn how and when to remove this message
943:), Qing (青州, modern central and eastern
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1397:), the Duke of Guangping (created 357)
657:Reign with the assistance of Wang Meng
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1482:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
810:)), and Fu Jian's brother Fu Shuang (
7:
1440:Princess Shunyang, wife of Yang Bi (
802:)), Fu Wu (at Anding (安定, in modern
684:In 364, Fu Jian conferred titles on
566:, serving under the violent emperor
62:adding citations to reliable sources
1177:. Fu Jian sent his brother Fu Rui (
1042:), was defeated by the Jin general
738:captured the important Jin city of
338:Heavenly King Zhuanglie (壯烈天王) (by
827:In 369, the paramount Jin general
562:chieftain and a major general for
25:
1406:), the Duke of Hejian (killed by
1354:), the Crown Prince (created 357)
1049:In 380, Fu Jian's cousin Fu Luo (
1046:and forced to abandon Pengcheng.
1508:Emperor Xuanzhao of (Former) Qin
705:) the Duke of Huai'nan, Fu Liu (
508:), until he was repelled at the
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49:needs additional citations for
1598:Reason for succession failure:
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717:) the Duke of Wei, and Fu Wu (
665:the Duke of Yangping, his son
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452:Emperor Xuanzhao of Former Qin
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142:Emperor Xuanzhao of Former Qin
1:
2722:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1131:After the Battle of Fei River
251:Princess Qinghe of Former Yan
1337:Consort Murong, daughter of
692:vassal who was the ruler of
1384:), Duke of Julu (killed by
711:) the Duke of Jin, Fu Sou (
395:Fu Xiong, Prince of Donghai
344:Emperor Wenzhao (文昭皇帝) (by
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2802:Murdered emperors of China
1437:), Princess (executed 385)
1428:), Princess (executed 385)
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1533:
1506:
1479:The Empire of the Steppes
1433:
1424:
1415:
1402:
1393:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1350:
1294:
1269:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1202:
1185:
1179:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1051:
1030:
1008:
981:
979:by his son Tuoba Shijun (
812:
790:
751:
719:
713:
707:
701:
677:
671:
607:
590:
584:
554:
540:
530:
456:
442:
432:
359:
331:
316:
294:
284:
275:
158:
148:
332:Emperor Xuānzhāo (宣昭皇帝,
1476:Grousset, Rene (1970).
1265:Heavenly King Zhuanglie
922:After Wang Meng's death
854:Empress Dowager Kezuhun
999:) and be the eventual
303:Jiànyuán (建元): 365–385
297:Yǒngxīng (永興): 357–359
73:"Fu Jian" 337–385
2656:Western Shu (405–413)
1631:Emperor Xiaowu of Jin
1583:— TITULAR —
1549:Emperor of Former Qin
921:
653:was created empress.
446:), also known by his
1449:A daughter, wife of
1281:Personal information
405:Princess Consort Gou
58:improve this article
2807:Deified Chinese men
2782:Former Qin generals
2777:Former Qin emperors
1388:of Western Yan 384)
1311:Empress Dowager Gou
1089:Battle of Fei River
1083:Battle of Fei River
1003:to the Dai throne.
510:Battle of Fei River
320:of Great Qin (大秦天王)
300:Gānlù (甘露): 359–364
2797:People from Handan
2640:Huan Chu (403–404)
2475:Son of Tuoba Pugen
1567:Titles in pretence
1453:, later leader of
730:In 365, after the
548:. His grandfather
470:Former Qin dynasty
2764:
2763:
2551:Duan Qi (350–356)
2512:
2504:
1673:
1672:
1664:Succeeded by
1646:Succeeded by
1628:Succeeded by
1618:Succeeded by
1608:Succeeded by
1585:
1556:Succeeded by
1300:Fu Jian (317–355)
1273:), although that
580:Fu Jian (317–355)
518:Later Qin dynasty
492:, as well as the
460:), was the third
410:
409:
364:
363:
238:(aged 47–48)
204:Prince of Donghai
134:
133:
126:
108:
29:Fu Jian (317–355)
16:(Redirected from
2814:
2510:
2502:
1707:Sixteen Kingdoms
1705:Monarchs of the
1699:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1656:Preceded by
1638:Preceded by
1605:
1603:Sixteen Kingdoms
1599:
1590:Emperor of China
1581:
1573:Preceded by
1539:Preceded by
1529:
1522:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1473:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1353:
1352:
1297:
1296:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1205:
1204:
1189:), establishing
1188:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1144:chief Zhai Bin (
1114:
1113:
1054:
1053:
1033:
1032:
1011:
1010:
1001:heir presumptive
998:
997:
984:
983:
815:
814:
793:
792:
764:
763:
754:
753:
722:
721:
716:
715:
710:
709:
704:
703:
680:
679:
674:
673:
634:
633:
624:
623:
610:
609:
593:
592:
587:
586:
557:
556:
543:
542:
533:
532:
459:
458:
445:
444:
435:
434:
422:
335:
277:
259:
237:
163:
139:
129:
122:
118:
115:
109:
107:
66:
42:
34:
21:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2667:
2651:
2635:
2611:
2562:
2546:
2520:
2516:Tuoba Shiyijian
2450:
2359:
2330:
2301:
2272:
2248:
2205:
2176:
2140:
2106:
2077:
2021:
1970:
1941:
1885:
1824:
1769:
1709:
1703:
1669:
1661:
1651:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1561:
1552:
1544:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1283:
1275:posthumous name
1214:, and southern
1133:
1091:
1085:
977:Tuoba Shiyijian
939:, and northern
924:
910:, and southern
894:people, to the
769:with Fu Jian's
749:chiefs Cao Gu (
659:
647:empress dowager
544:) and his wife
526:
448:posthumous name
343:
337:
326:Posthumous name
253:
249:
235:
234:October 16, 385
225:
143:
137:
130:
119:
113:
110:
67:
65:
55:
43:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2211:Northern Liang
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2182:Southern Liang
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1876:Zhang Xuanjing
1873:
1868:
1863:
1861:Zhang Chonghua
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1534:Regnal titles
1531:
1530:
1510:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1398:
1389:
1376:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1282:
1279:
1257:) and Fu Jin (
1132:
1129:
1087:Main article:
1084:
1081:
967:, and eastern
923:
920:
688:, the nominal
658:
655:
525:
522:
408:
407:
402:
398:
397:
392:
388:
387:
382:
376:
375:
372:
366:
365:
362:
361:
357:
356:
350:
349:
329:
328:
322:
321:
314:
313:
307:
306:
305:
304:
301:
298:
292:
291:
287:
286:
282:
281:
273:
272:
267:
261:
260:
244:
240:
239:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
165:
164:
156:
155:
146:
145:
135:
132:
131:
46:
44:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2819:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:Western Liang
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Zhang Yaoling
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1495:
1493:0-8135-1304-9
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1409:
1399:
1390:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1334:Consort Zhang
1333:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1323:(created 357)
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1266:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1070:Yangtze River
1065:
1061:
1058:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1004:
1002:
992:
988:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
897:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
809:
805:
801:
797:
794:), in modern
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
758:
748:
745:Late in 365,
743:
741:
737:
733:
728:
724:
697:
695:
691:
687:
682:
668:
664:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
643:
638:
626:
618:
614:
604:
600:
595:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
551:
547:
537:
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:Heavenly King
471:
468:-led Chinese
467:
463:
453:
449:
439:
429:
426:
425:courtesy name
418:
414:
406:
403:
399:
396:
393:
389:
386:
383:
381:
377:
373:
371:
367:
358:
355:
351:
347:
341:
330:
327:
323:
319:
318:Heavenly King
315:
312:
308:
302:
299:
296:
295:
293:
288:
283:
278:
274:
271:
268:
266:
262:
257:
252:
248:
245:
241:
233:
229:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
199:
196:
192:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
166:
162:
157:
154:
152:
151:Heavenly King
147:
140:
128:
125:
117:
114:November 2015
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
19:
2710:N. Dynasties
2706:S. Dynasties
2602:Murong Zhong
2582:Murong Chong
2508:Tuoba Yihuai
2495:Tuoba Yihuai
2441:Yang Nandang
2436:Yang Baozong
2336:Northern Yan
2321:Helian Chang
2254:Southern Yan
2225:Juqu Mengxun
2126:Qifu Qiangui
2063:Murong Sheng
2047:Murong Xiang
1994:
1956:Murong Huang
1881:Zhang Tianxi
1830:Former Liang
1649:Murong Chong
1641:Zhang Tianxi
1588:
1587:
1582:
1547:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1478:
1471:
1264:
1228:
1224:
1220:Yellow River
1198:Murong Chong
1195:
1168:
1134:
1123:and brother
1092:
1077:central Asia
1074:
1066:
1062:
1048:
1005:
953:
925:
901:
885:
858:
826:
775:
771:crown prince
744:
729:
725:
698:
694:Former Liang
686:Zhang Tianxi
683:
660:
640:
627:
596:
527:
486:Former Liang
472:, ruling as
451:
437:
427:
423:; 337–385),
412:
411:
285:Fú Jiān (苻堅)
224:Pú Jiān (蒲堅)
153:of Great Qin
149:
120:
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
2702:16 Kingdoms
2607:Murong Yong
2577:Murong Hong
2568:Western Yan
2511:(2nd reign)
2503:(2nd reign)
2470:Tuoba Pugen
2446:Yang Baochi
2374:Yang Maosou
2326:Helian Ding
2316:Helian Bobo
2268:Murong Chao
2243:Juqu Anzhou
2230:Juqu Mujian
2196:Tufa Lilugu
2146:Later Liang
2131:Qifu Chipan
2121:Qifu Guoren
2112:Western Qin
2036:Murong Chui
1667:Murong Chui
1513:House of Fu
1410:forces 384)
1408:Western Yan
1386:Murong Hong
1321:Empress Gou
1175:Western Yan
1171:Murong Hong
963:, northern
845:Murong Chui
778:Murong Ping
757:Liu Weichen
649:. His wife
611:), a major
498:Yi Province
494:Eastern Jin
354:Temple name
346:Later Liang
311:Regnal name
254: [
247:Empress Gou
236:(385-10-16)
184:Predecessor
2792:385 deaths
2787:337 births
2771:Categories
2694:3 Kingdoms
2597:Murong Yao
2500:Tuoba Hena
2490:Tuoba Hena
2485:Tuoba Heru
2480:Tuoba Yulü
2465:Tuoba Yilu
2426:Yang Sheng
2379:Yang Nandi
2236:Juqu Wuhui
2201:Tufa Rutan
2073:Murong Yun
2052:Murong Lin
2041:Murong Bao
1976:Former Qin
1966:Murong Wei
1961:Murong Jun
1947:Former Yan
1891:Later Zhao
1659:Murong Wei
1463:References
1339:Murong Jun
1330:Concubines
1121:Murong Bao
1117:Huai River
1107:Liu Laozhi
852:'s mother
850:Murong Wei
732:Former Yan
564:Later Zhao
524:Early life
478:Former Yan
385:Former Qin
360:Shìzǔ (世祖)
170:Former Qin
84:newspapers
2663:Qiao Zong
2647:Huan Xuan
2631:Zhai Zhao
2626:Zhai Liao
2619:(388–392)
2592:Murong Yi
2570:(384–394)
2528:(350–352)
2458:(310–376)
2431:Yang Xuan
2421:Yang Ding
2416:Yang Cuan
2410:Yang Tong
2367:(296–443)
2355:Feng Hong
2338:(407–436)
2309:(407–431)
2280:(400–421)
2263:Murong De
2256:(398–410)
2213:(397–460)
2191:Tufa Wugu
2184:(397–414)
2148:(386–403)
2136:Qifu Mumo
2114:(385–431)
2092:Yao Chang
2085:(384–417)
2083:Later Qin
2068:Murong Xi
2029:(384–409)
2027:Later Yan
2011:Dou Chong
1978:(351–394)
1949:(337–370)
1893:(319–351)
1871:Zhang Zuo
1856:Zhang Jun
1851:Zhang Mao
1846:Zhang Shi
1840:Zhang Gui
1832:(318–376)
1777:(304–329)
1717:(304–347)
1715:Cheng-Han
1621:Yao Chang
1451:Yang Ding
1413:Fu Shen (
1348:Fu Hong (
1345:Children
1208:Chongqing
1191:Later Qin
1164:Later Yan
1125:Murong De
991:Liu Kuren
987:Tuoba Gui
908:Chongqing
896:Guanzhong
804:Pingliang
796:Sanmenxia
736:Murong Ke
642:Tian Wang
637:Wang Meng
617:Yao Chang
603:Yao Xiang
572:Guanzhong
514:Yao Chang
506:Chongqing
340:Later Qin
290:Era dates
194:Successor
168:Ruler of
2617:Zhai Wei
2587:Duan Sui
2558:Duan Kan
2404:Yang Shi
2399:Yang Jun
2394:Yang Guo
2389:Yang Chu
2155:Lü Guang
2102:Yao Hong
2097:Yao Xing
2017:Fu Chong
1990:Fu Sheng
1936:Liu Xian
1925:Shi Jian
1905:Shi Hong
1807:Jin Zhun
1796:Liu Cong
1784:Liu Yuan
1775:Han-Zhao
1738:Li Xiong
1576:Fu Sheng
1553:357–385
1542:Fu Sheng
1431:Fu Jin (
1422:Fu Bao (
1400:Fu Lin (
1378:Fu Rui (
1369:Fu Hui (
1290:Fu Xiong
1239:Xianyang
1142:Dingling
1103:Xie Xuan
1057:Lü Guang
1044:Xie Xuan
1014:Xiangfan
969:Xinjiang
956:Chang'an
945:Shandong
881:Liaoning
861:Changzhi
829:Huan Wen
818:Tianshui
782:Yuncheng
767:Chang'an
651:Lady Gou
599:Fu Sheng
558:) was a
546:Lady Gou
536:Fu Xiong
500:(modern
188:Fu Sheng
2541:Ran Zhi
2535:Ran Min
2526:Ran Wei
2384:Yang Yi
2365:Chouchi
2350:Feng Ba
2345:Gao Yun
2220:Duan Ye
2172:Lü Long
2167:Lü Zuan
2161:Lü Shao
2057:Lan Han
2005:Fu Deng
1995:Fu Jiān
1985:Fu Jiàn
1930:Shi Zhi
1920:Shi Zun
1915:Shi Shi
1813:Liu Yao
1801:Liu Can
1764:Fan Ben
1753:Li Shou
1595:357–385
1455:Chouchi
1391:Fu Xi (
1307:Mother
1286:Father
1243:Shaanxi
1235:Shaanxi
1216:Shaanxi
1212:Sichuan
1138:Quan Yi
1040:Jiangsu
1026:Shaanxi
965:Qinghai
937:Tianjin
933:Beijing
912:Shaanxi
904:Sichuan
892:Xianbei
888:viceroy
877:Jinzhou
869:Taiyuan
841:Yecheng
747:Xiongnu
740:Luoyang
734:regent
663:Fu Rong
635:), met
550:Pu Hong
502:Sichuan
482:Chouchi
464:of the
462:monarch
450:as the
417:Chinese
413:Fu Jian
380:Dynasty
374:Fu (Pu)
212:354–357
179:357–385
98:scholar
18:Fu Jiān
2734:W. Xia
2297:Li Xun
2292:Li Xin
2287:Li Gao
1910:Shi Hu
1900:Shi Le
1819:Liu Xi
1790:Liu He
1758:Li Shi
1743:Li Ban
1732:Li Liu
1524:
1490:
1328:Major
1036:Xuzhou
1022:Ankang
949:Shanxi
929:locust
873:Shanxi
865:Shanxi
786:Shanxi
755:) and
576:Ma Qiu
568:Shi Hu
534:), to
488:, and
428:Yonggu
419::
401:Mother
391:Father
243:Spouse
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
2678:Shang
2000:Fu Pi
1748:Li Qi
1725:Li Te
1611:Fu Pi
1559:Fu Pi
1526:Died:
1519:Born:
1358:Fu Pi
1317:Wife
1231:Baoji
1099:Anhui
1095:Lu'an
1018:Hubei
961:Gansu
941:Hebei
916:Qiang
837:Henan
822:Gansu
808:Gansu
800:Henan
667:Fu Pi
613:Qiang
457:前秦宣昭帝
438:Wenyu
436:) or
370:House
280:Names
270:Fu Pi
265:Issue
258:]
209:Reign
198:Fu Pi
176:Reign
144:前秦宣昭帝
105:JSTOR
91:books
2750:Qing
2746:Ming
2742:Yuan
2730:Song
2726:Liao
2718:Tang
2682:Zhou
1488:ISBN
1270:壯烈天王
1186:萬年秦王
1105:and
982:拓拔寔君
833:Hebi
504:and
334:lit.
231:Died
221:Born
77:news
2758:PRC
2754:ROC
2738:Jīn
2714:Sui
2698:Jìn
2690:Han
2686:Qin
2674:Xia
2456:Dai
2307:Xia
1528:385
1521:337
1159:苻飛龍
1153:慕容鳳
1112:劉牢之
996:劉庫仁
973:Dai
762:劉衛辰
690:Jin
632:呂婆樓
622:苻黃眉
496:'s
490:Dai
226:337
60:by
2773::
2756:/
2752:→
2748:→
2744:→
2740:→
2736:/
2732:/
2728:/
2724:→
2720:→
2716:→
2712:→
2708:/
2704:→
2700:/
2696:→
2692:→
2688:→
2684:→
2680:→
2676:→
1486:.
1484:59
1443:楊璧
1434:苻錦
1425:苻寶
1416:苻詵
1403:苻琳
1394:苻熙
1381:苻叡
1372:苻暉
1363:苻丕
1351:苻宏
1295:苻雄
1260:苻錦
1254:苻寶
1248:苻詵
1241:,
1233:,
1210:,
1203:苻暉
1193:.
1180:苻叡
1147:翟斌
1097:,
1052:苻洛
1038:,
1031:彭超
1024:,
1016:,
1009:苟萇
935:,
906:,
879:,
871:,
863:,
835:,
820:,
813:苻雙
806:,
798:,
791:陝城
784:,
752:曹轂
720:苻武
714:苻廋
708:苻柳
702:苻幼
678:強德
672:李威
608:姚襄
591:苻法
585:苻健
560:Di
555:蒲洪
541:苻雄
484:,
480:,
466:Di
443:文玉
433:永固
421:苻堅
256:zh
2543:)
2539:(
2412:)
2408:(
2245:)
2241:(
2238:)
2234:(
2163:)
2159:(
2059:)
2045:(
2013:)
2009:(
1938:)
1934:(
1842:)
1838:(
1821:)
1817:(
1809:)
1805:(
1792:)
1788:(
1766:)
1762:(
1734:)
1730:(
1727:)
1723:(
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1691:t
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1496:.
1446:)
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1292:(
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582:(
552:(
538:(
531:蒲
454:(
440:(
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415:(
348:)
342:)
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
54:.
31:.
20:)
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