Knowledge (XXG)

Ellipsis

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3787: 4284: 2217: 4298: 607:, the details of typesetting ellipses depend on the character and size of the font being set and the typographer's preference. Bringhurst writes that a full space between each dot is "another Victorian eccentricity. In most contexts, the Chicago ellipsis is much too wide"—he recommends using flush dots (with a normal word space before and after), or 22: 1671: 895:, the ellipsis is six dots (in two groups of three dots, occupying the same horizontal or vertical space as two characters). In horizontally written text the dots are commonly vertically centered along the midline (halfway between the Roman descent and Roman ascent, or equivalently halfway between the Roman 598:
can stand as a sentence, it should do so, with an ellipsis placed after the period or other ending punctuation. When material is omitted at the end of a paragraph and also immediately following it, an ellipsis goes both at the end of that paragraph and at the beginning of the next, according to this style.
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Although an ellipsis is complete with three periods (...), an ellipsis-like construct with more dots is used to indicate "trailing-off" or "silence". The extent of repetition in itself might serve as an additional contextualization or paralinguistic cue; one paper wrote that they "extend the lexical
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According to the Associated Press, the ellipsis should be used to condense quotations. It is less commonly used to indicate a pause in speech or an unfinished thought or to separate items in material such as show business gossip. The stylebook indicates that if the shortened sentence before the mark
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is intended to focus the reader on a character while allowing the character to not speak any dialogue. This conveys to the reader a focus of the narrative "camera" on the silent subject, implying an expectation of some motion or action. It is not unheard of to see inanimate objects "speaking" the
635:). Bringhurst suggests that normally an ellipsis should be spaced fore-and-aft to separate it from the text, but when it combines with other punctuation, the leading space disappears and the other punctuation follows. This is the usual practice in typesetting. He provides the following examples: 554:
suggests the use of an ellipsis for any omitted word, phrase, line, or paragraph from within but not at the end of a quoted passage. There are two commonly used methods of using ellipses: one uses three dots for any omission, while the second one makes a distinction between omissions within a
1763: 1011:, the ellipsis in general is surrounded by spaces, if it stands for one or more omitted words. On the other side there is no space between a letter or (part of) a word and an ellipsis, if it stands for one or more omitted letters, that should stick to the written letter or letters. 787:. When an ellipsis replaces a fragment omitted from a quotation, the ellipsis is enclosed in parentheses or square brackets. An unbracketed ellipsis indicates an interruption or pause in speech. The syntactic rules for ellipses are standardized by the 1983 Polska Norma document 510:, it is used to indicate that a quotation has been condensed for space, brevity or relevance, as in "The President said that he would not be satisfied", where the exact quotation was "The President said that, for as long as this situation continued, he would not be satisfied". 577:
must surround the ellipsis to make it clear that there was no pause in the original quote: . Currently, the MLA has removed the requirement of brackets in its style handbooks. However, some maintain that the use of brackets is still correct because it clears confusion.
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to return readability reduced by introduction of paragraph breaks, and of new material not appearing in the main body; per WP:INTRO, lead is to summarise, not to uniquely present, and so aim is not thoroughness, but summary of most important information in the main
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should be used for removing material from within one sentence within a quote. When crossing sentences (when the omitted text contains a period, so that omitting the end of a sentence counts), a four-dot, spaced (except for before the first dot) ellipsis
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labeled with a trailing ellipsis requests an operation that cannot be completed without additional information and selecting it will prompt the user for input. Without an ellipsis, selecting the item or button will perform an action without user input.
960:, it means the original text had more contents on the same position but are not useful to our target in the transcription. When the suppressed text is at the beginning or at the end of a text, the ellipsis does not need to be placed in a parenthesis. 2650:
range, the author, sender and receiver of an encoded ellipsis must be in agreement upon what bytes are being used to represent the character. Naive text processing software may improperly assume that a particular encoding is being used, resulting in
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citation guide governs the use of ellipses and requires a space before the first dot and between the two subsequent dots. If an ellipsis ends the sentence, then there are three dots, each separated by a space, followed by the final punctuation (e.g.
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Other use is the suspension of a part of a text, or a paragraph, or a phrase or a part of a word because it is obvious, or unnecessary, or implied. For instance, sometimes the ellipsis is used to avoid the complete use of expletives.
841:-ten rīdā character) may be used where space is limited, such as in a header. However, variations in the number of dots exist. In horizontally written text the dots are commonly vertically centered within the text height (between the 1407: 1052:"Tra le cose più preziose possedute da Andrea Sperelli era una coperta di seta fina, d’un colore azzurro disfatto, intorno a cui giravano i dodici segni dello Zodiaco in ricamo, con le denominazioni a caratteri gotici." 743:
demands an ellipsis not to be surrounded by spaces, except when it stands for a pause; then, a space has to be set after the ellipsis (but not before). An ellipsis is never preceded or followed by a full stop.
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Ong, Kenneth Keng Wee (2011). "Disagreement, Confusion, Disapproval, Turn Elicitation and Floor Holding: Actions accomplished by Ellipsis Marks-Only Turns and Blank Turns in Quasisynchronous Chat".
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When text is omitted following a sentence, a period (full stop) terminates the sentence, and a subsequent ellipsis indicates one or more omitted sentences before continuing a longer quotation.
566: (U+2026) character in manuscripts and to place three periods plus two nonbreaking spaces (. . .) instead, leaving the editor, publisher, or typographer to replace them later. 1520: 874:
or video games, ellipses are much more frequent than in English, and are often changed to another punctuation sign in translation. The ellipsis by itself represents speechlessness, or a "
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is the use of an ellipsis to trail off into silence—for example: "But I thought he was..." When placed at the end of a sentence, an ellipsis may be used to suggest melancholy or longing.
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should be used. When ellipsis points are used in the original text, ellipsis points that are not in the original text should be distinguished by enclosing them in square brackets (e.g.
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An ellipsis may also imply an unstated alternative indicated by context. For example, "I never drink wine ..." implies that the speaker does drink something else—such as vodka.
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The combination "ellipsis+period" is replaced by the ellipsis. The combinations "ellipsis+exclamation mark" and "ellipsis+question mark" are written in this way: !.. ?..
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Opinions differ on how to render an ellipsis in printed material and are to some extent based on the technology used for rendering. Many style guides are still influenced by the
2885:. According to Toner it is difficult to establish when the "dot dot dot" phrase was first used. There is an early instance, which is perhaps the first in a piece of fiction, in 1666:{\displaystyle I_{n}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&\cdots &0\\0&1&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&0&\cdots &1\end{bmatrix}}} 1214: 1120: 5476: 2353: 2299: 1164: 878:". Depending on the context, this could be anything from an admission of guilt to an expression of being dumbfounded at another person's words or actions. As a device, the 2589: 4149: 2182: 2151: 2120: 2089: 2792: – Typographic symbol ( * * * ) – a row of three dots (usually widely separated) alone in the middle of a gap between two paragraphs, to indicate a sub-chapter. 3457: 3376: 3227: 3593: 292:
consisting of a series of three dots. An ellipsis can be used in many ways, including for intentional omission of text or to imply a concept without using words.
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An ellipsis is sometimes used as the label for a button to access user interface that has been omitted – probably due to space limitations – particularly in
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sentence (using three dots: . . .) and omissions between sentences (using a period and a space followed by three dots: . ...). The
4080: 3018: 1329: 3139: 573:(MLA) used to indicate that an ellipsis must include spaces before and after each dot in all uses. If an ellipsis is meant to represent an omission, 47: 30: 3100: 4791: 3536: 3066: 3702: 4257: 4215: 4112: 3812: 2625: 3424: 3062: 2960: 3784: 4197: 4029: 2481: 1777:
For example, the menu item "Save" overwrites an existing file whereas "Save as..." prompts the user for save options before saving.
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tends to have the ellipses aligned with the baseline ; in vertically written text the dots are always centered horizontally (i.e.
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to mean "and so forth"; usually indicating the omission of terms that follow an obvious pattern as indicated by included terms.
4170: 1686: 3842: 827:). 2-ten rīdā exists as a character, but it is used less commonly. In writing, the ellipsis consists usually of six dots (two 5557: 5547: 2632: 981:. In French typography, the ellipsis is written immediately after the preceding word, but has a space after it, for example: 4145: 3757: 685:, to make it obvious that text has been omitted or to signal that the omitted text extends beyond the end of the paragraph. 3673: 2987: 411:
When a sentence ends with ellipsis, some style guides indicate there should be four dots; three for ellipsis and a period.
603: 3450: 3361: 2808: – Omission of sounds in words or phrases. In written text, this is sometimes denoted using the horizontal ellipsis. 1046:) to indicate a pause longer than a period and, when placed between brackets, the omission of letters, words or phrases. 849:
fonts; in vertically written text the dots are always centered horizontally. As the Japanese word for dot is pronounced "
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Ellipsis is commonly used to indicate that a longer-lasting operation is in progress like "Loading...", "Saving...".
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Ellipsis is sometimes used where the pattern is not clear. For example, indicating the indefinite continuation of an
3192: 3886: 3200: 1818: 457:, Anne Toner suggests that the first use of the punctuation in the English language dates to a 1588 translation of 390: 384:
style) recommends that an ellipsis be formed by typing three periods, each with a non-breaking space on both sides
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meaning of the words, add character to the sentences, and allow fine-tuning and personalisation of the message".
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Handbook of Research on Discourse Behavior and Digital Communication: Language Structures and Social Interaction
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But, this raised formatting is not standard. For example, Russian mathematical texts use the baseline format.
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and other works of early 20th-century fiction to denote expletives that would otherwise have been censored.
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To indicate omitted terms in a repeated operation, an ellipsis is sometimes raised from the baseline, as:
231: 82: 3640: 3088: 2937: 5494: 4608: 1834: 896: 842: 778: 361: 328: 3558: 3054: 1175: 1081: 3695: 3528: 5552: 5521: 5504: 5390: 4965: 4308: 3730: 2916: 2820: – Textual conventions for representing dubious, illegible or missing characters in manuscripts. 1682: 1530: 728:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. … And if they have not died, they are still alive today.
5025: 3718:$ 100: Stehen die Auslassungspunkte am Ende eines Ganzsatzes, so setzt man keinen Satzschlusspunkt. 3531:[Junko Akimoto used puns she was good at on Koki: "Please don't push me around too much."]. 1788:
Sometimes progress is animated with an ellipse-like construct of repeatedly adding dots to a label.
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The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog...And if they have not died, they are still alive today.
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Floor holding, signal that more is to come, for instance when people break up longer turns in chat.
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Goldstein, Norm, editor. "Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law". 2005. pp.328–329.
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Depending on context, ellipsis can indicate an unfinished thought, a leading statement, a slight
471:. In this case, however, the ellipsis consists not of dots but of short dashes. "Subpuncting" of 310: 4070:"CMC Cues Enrich Lean Online Communication: The Case of Letter and Punctuation Mark Repetitions" 3912:
Simpson, J (2005). "Meaning-making online: Discourse and CMC in a Language learning community".
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key to insert an ellipsis. This is a single symbol without spaces in between the three dots (
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code point U+2026. In vertical texts, the application should rotate the symbol accordingly.
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is in alphanumeric layout, change to numeric and special characters layout by pressing
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to signal silence, for example when indicating disagreement, disapproval or confusion.
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style) puts the dots together, but retains a space before and after the group, thus:
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This article is about the punctuation mark. For the syntactic omission of words, see
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from alphanumeric layout. Once in numeric and special characters layout, long press
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While composing a text message, some environments show others in the conversation a
1402:{\displaystyle 1\times 2\times 3\times \cdots \times 100\ =\prod _{n=1}^{100}n=100!} 5460: 5120: 4878: 4677: 3834: 3321: 3131: 2777: 2640: 1529:, the ellipsis is used as horizontal, vertical and diagonal for indicating missing 1526: 319: 163: 941:
at the end of unfinished lists. So it means "and so forth" or "and other things".
923:). Also note that Taiwan and Mainland China have different punctuation standards. 488:
In reported speech, the ellipsis can be used to represent an intentional silence.
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The first el...is stands for omitted letters, the second ... for an omitted word.
4908: 4844: 4829: 4772: 4340: 3089:"Usage Notes: All About Ellipses – It's time to stop calling them 'dot dot dot'" 2983: 2904: 2765: 2708: 1069: 528: 3665: 2012:, the horizontal ellipsis character may be represented by the entity reference 428:
and related works treat this style as optional, saying that it "may" be used.
5348: 5150: 5078: 4442: 4344: 2703: 2614: 2016:(since HTML 4.0), and the vertical ellipsis character by the entity reference 1729: 1714: 608: 296: 3981: 2854: 1020:
If the ellipsis is at the end of a sentence, the final full stop is omitted.
5488: 5306: 4893: 4563: 4503: 4480: 4408: 4225: 4038: 3586:"Legends of Localization: How Japanese Ellipsis Usage Compares with English" 3335: 2228: 1980: 1830: 1410: 937: 513: 306: 4267: 3794:.— Изд. 3-е, испр. и доп., Электронное — М.: ОЛМА-Пресс, 2006. (in Russian) 3161: 1717:
running on small screen devices. This may be described as a "more button".
1700:, which cuts off text with an ellipsis when it overflows the content area. 348:
The most common forms of an ellipsis include a row of three periods (i.e.,
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is sometimes used instead of an ellipsis, especially in written dialogue.
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or as a series of three (narrow) spaced dots surrounded by spaces, thus:
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2026;HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS;Po;0;ON;<compat> 002E 002E 002E;;;;N;;;;;
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Proceedings of the Fifth Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems
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The horizontal ellipsis character also appears in older character maps:
5444: 5333: 4518: 3406: 3402: 2805: 2796: 2771: 2753: 1845: 1321: 953: 949: 500: 496: 458: 100: 3990: 3362:"Chicago Style Q&A: How do I insert an ellipsis in my manuscript?" 374:
Style guides often include rules governing ellipsis use. For example,
4654: 4423: 2789: 2722: 1755: 1226:. Repeated summations or products may be more formally denoted using 4015:"The Power of Dots: Using Nonverbal Compensators in Chat Reference" 2052:
typesetting system, the following types of ellipsis are available:
5055: 5010: 4533: 4378: 3946: 3701:(in German). Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung. 2010. p. 100. 3561:[The ending is just "..." "Three-point leader syndrome"]. 2647: 2195: 1761: 871: 524: 975:, the ellipsis is commonly used at the end of lists to represent 813:
The most common character corresponding to an ellipsis is called
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The Houghton Mifflin Canadian Dictionary of the English Language
3939:"Relational work in synchronous text-based CMC of virtual teams" 2025: 2009: 327:. A third option – available in electronic text – is to use the 4312: 2628:
and several other Macintosh encodings, at code C9 (hexadecimal)
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Politeness, for instance indicating topic change or hesitation.
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The positive whole numbers, an infinite list, can be shown as:
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Gardiner, Michael E.; Haladyn, Julian Jason (4 October 2016).
2883:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 151. 2780:
or holophrasting – switching between full text and an ellipsis
2542:{\displaystyle \int _{A_{1}}\int _{A_{2}}\dotsi \int _{A_{9}}} 2049: 2021: 1456:
It can be useful to display a formula compactly, for example:
15: 2000:(though not canonical) to the horizontal ellipsis character. 475:
manuscripts also denotes omitted meaning and may be related.
323:, the periods should be rendered with no space between them: 239: 1720:
Similar functionality may be accessible via a button with a
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or make the reader think about the last points in the poem.
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Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
2748:, ellipsis characters are made by entering two consecutive 1313:{\displaystyle 1+2+3+\cdots +100\ =\sum _{n=1}^{100}n=100?} 637: 197: 4146:"W3C Working Draft: HTML5: 8.5 Named character references" 673:). In some legal writing, an ellipsis is written as three 3865:"The Mighty Ellipsis – How 3 little dots can say so much" 2663:
In Windows, the horizontal ellipsis can be inserted with
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In text-based communications, the ellipsis may indicate:
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distinguishes the ellipsis of Polish syntax from that of
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magazine suggests this style and it is also used in many
215: 206: 3696:"Deutsche Rechtschreibung. Regeln und Wörterverzeichnis" 581:
The MLA now indicates that a three-dot, spaced ellipsis
3168:. Lindenhurst, New York: Word Agents. 5 December 2017. 662:
In legal writing in the United States, Rule 5.3 in the
421:(APA style), while some other style guides do not; the 43: 1568: 699:
recommends setting the ellipsis as a single character
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Recent Research Developments in Learning Technologies
3325:; published May 29, 1996; retrieved September 5, 2017 2694:
In some Linux distributions, it can be inserted with
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As with all characters, especially those outside the
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encoding series provides no code point for ellipsis.
2571: 2484: 2377: 2323: 2269: 2231:, more specific ellipses are provided for math mode. 2170: 2139: 2108: 2077: 1689:
to indicate a range or for a variable argument list.
1549: 1465: 1430: 1332: 1243: 1178: 1134: 1084: 527:, an echoing voice, or a nervous or awkward silence. 491:
In poetry, an ellipsis is used as a thought-pause or
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Proceedings of the 2007 Annual Meeting of ASIS&T
3504:"University of Oxford Style Guide: Hilary term 2016" 3124:"Here's how to use the four-dot ellipsis like a pro" 562:
recommends that writers avoid using the precomposed
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Boredom Studies Reader: Frameworks and Perspectives
3835:"CSS Basic User Interface Module Level 3 (CSS3 UI)" 3397:Fowler, H. Ramsey, Jane E. Aaron, Murray McArthur. 3193:"... dot, dot, dot: How the ellipsis made its mark" 2433: 935:, the ellipsis is commonly used as a substitute of 200: 143: 115: 110: 2583: 2541: 2413: 2347: 2293: 2176: 2145: 2114: 2083: 1974:PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS 1665: 1514: 1445: 1401: 1312: 1208: 1158: 1114: 845:and the ascent line), as in the standard Japanese 2881:Ellipsis in English Literature: Signs of Omission 1075:The whole numbers from 1 to 100 can be shown as: 455:Ellipsis in English Literature: Signs of Omission 4068:Kalman, Yoram M.; Gergle, Darren Robert (2010), 3887:"developer.apple.com: Menu and Menu Item Titles" 3509:. Oxford: University of Oxford. 2016. p. 15 3493:. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. 2768: – Figure of speech: an unfinished sentence 520:, became famous for his "three-dot journalism". 3011:"Em Dashes and Ellipses: Closed or Spaced Out?" 2786: – Grammatical and lexical linking in text 1515:{\displaystyle 1+4+9+\cdots +n^{2}+\cdots +400} 1048: 4252:Canada. p. 424 (spacing of dots: . . .). 2814: – Row of dots used in tables of contents 956:, which is what happens usually within a text 862: 856: 850: 832: 822: 4324: 4179:. American Mathematical Society, 1999, p. 12. 3619:"Designing with the Hanzi script – Keith Tam" 2721:In Android, ellipsis is a long-press key. If 1050: 1041: 1035: 900: 8: 4232:Halliday, M. A. K., and Ruqayia, H. (1976), 1014:Example for both cases, using German style: 994: 988: 982: 963:The number of dots is three and only three. 792: 782: 768: 3310:`HERB CAEN WAY . . .' HONORS S.F. COLUMNIST 2889:'s short story "An Unwritten Novel" (1920). 1848:defines the following ellipsis characters: 976: 618:), or the prefabricated ellipsis character 516:, Pulitzer-prize-winning columnist for the 506:In news reporting, often put inside square 245: 4331: 4317: 4309: 3260:Raymond Chandler: Stories and Early Novels 2020:(since HTML 5.0). Alternatively, in HTML, 92:"..." redirects here. For other uses, see 4037: 3989: 3921: 2774: – Pause or break in poetry or music 2570: 2531: 2526: 2511: 2506: 2494: 2489: 2483: 2405: 2392: 2382: 2376: 2322: 2268: 2169: 2138: 2107: 2076: 1563: 1554: 1548: 1494: 1464: 1429: 1381: 1370: 1331: 1292: 1281: 1242: 1177: 1133: 1083: 948:When the ellipsis is placed alone into a 794:Zasady składania tekstów w języku polskim 66:Learn how and when to remove this message 5477:Version of this table as a sortable list 3491:New Hart's Rules: The Oxford Style Guide 2734: 2730: 2726: 2715: 2712: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2688: 2684: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2233: 2054: 309:, each separated from its neighbor by a 3226:McNabb, Cameron Hunt (17 August 2016). 2909:"Quotation Marks and Direct Quotations" 2874: 2872: 2835: 1222:The ellipsis is not a formally defined 753:It is not cold... it is freezing cold. 2414:{\displaystyle A_{1}A_{2}\dotsm A_{9}} 1821:ellipsis to indicate remote activity. 1446:{\displaystyle \pi =3.14159265\ldots } 990:Lui ? ... vaut rien, je crois... 870:In text in Japanese media, such as in 867:, akin to the English "dot dot dot"). 730:It is not cold … it is freezing cold. 107: 4152:from the original on 23 November 2012 4107:. Taylor & Francis. p. 147. 3613: 3611: 3596:from the original on 14 December 2018 3142:from the original on 24 December 2017 3069:from the original on 10 December 2017 2990:from the original on 14 December 2018 2963:from the original on 11 December 2018 2841: 2839: 1979:Unicode recognizes a series of three 855:", the dots are colloquially called " 797:(Rules for Setting Texts in Polish). 7: 5329: ⟨ ⟩  3893:from the original on 31 January 2018 3845:from the original on 11 January 2018 3815:from the original on 11 January 2018 3676:from the original on 22 January 2019 3584:Mandelin, Clyde (8 September 2013). 3529:"秋元順子、古希に得意のダジャレ 「あまり"コキ"使わないでください」" 3379:from the original on 10 October 2010 2310:dots with binary operators/relations 996:... à Paris, Nice, Nantes, Toulouse 3559:"語尾が「…」ばかり「三点リーダー症候群」 相手のせいにするズルさも" 3535:. SANKEI DIGITAL Inc. 5 June 2017. 3240:from the original on 18 August 2016 3207:from the original on 4 January 2018 3162:"Using AP Style Ellipses Correctly" 2691:(on an English language keyboard). 3708:from the original on 26 April 2017 3463:from the original on 4 August 2016 3258:Raymond Chandler, Frank MacShane. 3063:American Psychological Association 2984:"Butterick's Practical Typography" 2942:The Chicago Manual of Style Online 2683:In macOS, it can be inserted with 1750:According to some style guides, a 478:Occasionally, it would be used in 14: 4199:The Elements of Typographic Style 4030:University of Colorado at Boulder 3539:from the original on 9 March 2019 3431:from the original on 12 June 2018 3291:from the original on 5 March 2016 3172:from the original on 27 July 2018 3122:Robinson, Melia (30 April 2016). 3042:, 17th edition (2017), §13.51–52. 3021:from the original on 27 July 2018 1728:) or a narrow version called the 1209:{\displaystyle 1+2+3+\cdots +100} 1115:{\displaystyle 1,2,3,\ldots ,100} 1040:suggests the use of an ellipsis ( 773:, literally 'multidot'. The word 601:According to Robert Bringhurst's 4296: 4282: 4206:: Hartley & Marks. pp.  3191:Buxton, Alex (21 October 2015). 3103:from the original on 31 May 2017 3053:Jackson, Paige (22 April 2011). 2215: 741:University of Oxford Style Guide 193: 20: 3785:Издательский словарь-справочник 2957:"AP Style: How to Use Ellipses" 767:syntax, the ellipsis is called 145: 3425:University of Houston–Victoria 3285:"What Are Ellipses in a Poem?" 2633:Ventura International encoding 1: 4287:The dictionary definition of 3421:"Using Ellipsis in MLA Style" 2826: – Subdivision of a poem 2348:{\displaystyle 1+2+\dotsb +9} 2294:{\displaystyle 1,2,\dotsc ,9} 2198:, the reverse orientation of 1159:{\displaystyle 1,2,3,\ldots } 905:). This is generally true of 899:and the capital height, i.e. 781:, in which it is known as an 604:Elements of Typographic Style 499:or this is used to highlight 453:In her book on the ellipsis, 305:, it should consist of three 264:, alternatively described as 4026:Annual Meeting of ASIS&T 2853:. Lexico.com. Archived from 2680:, using the numeric keypad. 1960:DOWN RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS 952:(...) or—less often—between 614:dots (up to one-fifth of an 588:. . . .  240: 3401:. Fourth Canadian Edition. 3373:University of Chicago Press 3367:The Chicago Manual of Style 3040:The Chicago Manual of Style 2915:Department of Informatics, 2584:{\displaystyle 123\dotso 9} 2030:numeric character reference 1932:MIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS 857: 851: 583: . . .  571:Modern Language Association 551:The Chicago Manual of Style 386: . . .  377:The Chicago Manual of Style 302:The Chicago Manual of Style 94:Three dots (disambiguation) 78:Triple-dot punctuation mark 5574: 4792:inverted ! and ? 3647:(in Chinese), 14 July 2024 3399:The Little, Brown Handbook 3201:Cambridge University Press 3015:AP vs Chicago: Edit or Die 1946:UP RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS 1819:typing awareness indicator 1704:In computer user interface 984:comme ça... pas comme ceci 443:Associated Press Stylebook 391:Associated Press Stylebook 235: 98: 91: 80: 5472: 5360: 5264: 5208:sound recording copyright 5162: 5067: 4950: 4818: 4731: 4666: 4492: 4352: 4204:Point Roberts, Washington 4028:. University Libraries − 3809:Mozilla Developer Network 2851:Oxford English Dictionary 2607:Windows-1250—Windows-1258 918: 901: 863: 833: 823: 122: 87:Ellipsis (disambiguation) 4240:Morris, William (1980). 4202:(Version 2.5 ed.). 4013:Maness, Jack M. (2007). 3982:10.1177/1461445610392138 3758:"Puntini di sospensione" 3055:"Ellipses–When and How?" 2635:at code C1 (hexadecimal) 2364:dots with multiplication 1998:compatibility equivalent 1904:THAI CHARACTER PAIYANNOI 1825:Computer representations 1533:terms, such as the size- 1064:In mathematical notation 1043:"puntini di sospensione" 633:&hellip;, &mldr; 415:advises it, as does the 137:&hellip;, &mldr; 99:Not to be confused with 34:may need to be rewritten 4039:10.1002/meet.1450440341 3590:Legends of Localization 3419:Jones, Karalyn (2009). 2177:{\displaystyle \vdots } 2146:{\displaystyle \ddots } 2115:{\displaystyle \cdots } 2084:{\displaystyle \ldots } 1696:property can be set to 1677:In computer programming 1068:An ellipsis is used in 518:San Francisco Chronicle 36:. The reason given is: 5325: { }  5317: ( )  5302: « »  5298: ‹ ›  5283: " "  5279: ' '  5275: “ ”  5271: ‘ ’  4303:Ellipses (punctuation) 3937:Erika, Darics (2010). 3736:Accademia della Crusca 3199:. Cambridge, England: 2944:(16th ed.). 2010. 2784:Cohesion (linguistics) 2706:on other systems), or 2585: 2543: 2415: 2349: 2295: 2178: 2147: 2116: 2085: 1807:Turn construction unit 1774: 1667: 1516: 1447: 1403: 1386: 1314: 1297: 1210: 1160: 1116: 1061: 1055:(Gabriele D’Annunzio, 1051: 1042: 1037:Accademia della Crusca 1036: 995: 989: 983: 977: 831:-ten rīdā characters, 793: 783: 769: 756: 737:The Oxford Style Guide 733: 535:In different languages 445:favors this approach. 364:triple-dot glyph, the 85:. For other uses, see 83:Ellipsis (linguistics) 5558:Typographical symbols 5548:Mathematical notation 4172:User's Guide for the 2586: 2544: 2416: 2350: 2296: 2202:can be achieved with 2179: 2148: 2117: 2086: 1765: 1683:programming languages 1668: 1517: 1448: 1404: 1366: 1315: 1277: 1211: 1161: 1117: 779:mathematical notation 746: 723: 329:precomposed character 5522:Japanese punctuation 5223:registered trademark 5108: |  4966:plus and minus signs 4359:    4305:at Wikimedia Commons 3666:"Puntos suspensivos" 2982:Butterick, Matthew. 2955:Fung, Henry (2016). 2917:University of Sussex 2913:Guide to Puntuation 2879:Toner, Anne (2015). 2569: 2482: 2375: 2321: 2267: 2168: 2137: 2106: 2075: 1837:have been codified. 1547: 1463: 1428: 1330: 1241: 1176: 1132: 1082: 5512:Chinese punctuation 5238:service mark symbol 4981:multiplication sign 4499: &  4234:Cohesion in English 3128:BusinessInsider.com 3093:Merriam-Webster.com 3009:Yin, Karen (2011). 2824:Line break (poetry) 2812:Leader (typography) 2750:horizontal ellipses 2430:dots with integrals 2212:\reflectbox{\ddots} 1862:HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS 1833:, several ellipsis 1232:capital pi notation 1224:mathematical symbol 907:Traditional Chinese 837:). Three dots (one 629:HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS 366:horizontal ellipsis 337:HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS 317:. According to the 278:periods of ellipsis 133:HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS 5527:Korean punctuation 5517:Hebrew punctuation 4236:, London: Longman. 4194:Bringhurst, Robert 4083:on 8 December 2013 4049:on 3 December 2012 3867:. 6 September 2016 3790:2015-03-26 at the 3731:"La punteggiatura" 3315:2017-09-05 at the 3268:Library of America 2938:"Ellipses defined" 2818:Leiden Conventions 2702:(this produces an 2609:and in IBM/MS-DOS 2581: 2539: 2411: 2368:A_1 A_2 \dotsm A_9 2345: 2314:1 + 2 + \dotsb + 9 2291: 2174: 2162:Vertical ellipsis 2143: 2131:Diagonal ellipsis 2112: 2081: 1890:MONGOLIAN ELLIPSIS 1775: 1663: 1657: 1512: 1443: 1399: 1310: 1206: 1156: 1112: 911:Simplified Chinese 749:The...fox jumps... 696:Oxford Style Guide 311:non-breaking space 176:Vertical ellipsis 173:Mid-line ellipsis 5535: 5534: 4864:ordinal indicator 4807:irony punctuation 4301:Media related to 4259:978-0-395-29654-7 4217:978-0-88179-132-7 4114:978-1-317-40361-6 3970:Discourse Studies 3565:. 15 January 2021 3272:Note on the Texts 3262:. First Edition. 3059:Blog.APAStyle.org 3051:Summarized here: 2744:and sometimes in 2594: 2593: 2192: 2191: 2100:Centred ellipsis 1918:VERTICAL ELLIPSIS 1734:vertical ellipsis 1419:irrational number 1362: 1273: 726:The … fox jumps … 660: 659: 439:academic journals 356:), as characters 266:suspension points 185: 184: 180: 179: 76: 75: 68: 48:lead layout guide 5565: 5484:Currency symbols 5464: 5463: 5457: 5449: 5448: 5447:(paragraph mark) 5441: 5437: 5429: 5428: 5422: 5418: 5410: 5409: 5403: 5395: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5378: 5372: 5368: 5352: 5351: 5345: 5337: 5336: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5310: 5309: 5303: 5299: 5291: 5290: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5256: 5255: 5253:trademark symbol 5249: 5241: 5240: 5234: 5226: 5225: 5219: 5211: 5210: 5204: 5196: 5195: 5189: 5187: 5177: 5176: 5174:copyright symbol 5170: 5154: 5153: 5147: 5139: 5138: 5132: 5124: 5123: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5101: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5082: 5081: 5075: 5059: 5058: 5052: 5044: 5043: 5037: 5029: 5028: 5022: 5014: 5013: 5007: 4999: 4998: 4992: 4984: 4983: 4977: 4969: 4968: 4962: 4958: 4942: 4941: 4935: 4927: 4926: 4920: 4912: 4911: 4905: 4897: 4896: 4890: 4882: 4881: 4875: 4867: 4866: 4860: 4856: 4848: 4847: 4841: 4833: 4832: 4826: 4810: 4809: 4803: 4795: 4794: 4788: 4784: 4776: 4775: 4769: 4761: 4760: 4758:exclamation mark 4754: 4746: 4745: 4739: 4723: 4722: 4716: 4712: 4704: 4703: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4681: 4680: 4674: 4658: 4657: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4612: 4611: 4605: 4597: 4596: 4590: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4567: 4566: 4560: 4552: 4551: 4545: 4537: 4536: 4530: 4522: 4521: 4515: 4507: 4506: 4500: 4484: 4483: 4477: 4469: 4468: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4446: 4445: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4426: 4420: 4412: 4411: 4405: 4397: 4396: 4390: 4382: 4381: 4375: 4367: 4366: 4360: 4333: 4326: 4319: 4310: 4300: 4286: 4271: 4250:Houghton Mifflin 4246:Markham, Ontario 4229: 4180: 4175: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4079:, archived from 4074: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4048: 4042:. 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Archived from 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3839:drafts.csswg.org 3831: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3801: 3795: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3707: 3700: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3615: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3508: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3462: 3455: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3416: 3410: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3332: 3326: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3281: 3275: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3136:Axel Springer SE 3119: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2986:(2nd ed.). 2979: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2876: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2843: 2801: 2617:85 (hexadecimal) 2590: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2563: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2518: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2427: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2409: 2397: 2396: 2387: 2386: 2369: 2361: 2354: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2315: 2307: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2261: 2260:1, 2, \dotsc , 9 2256:dots with commas 2253: 2234: 2226: 2219: 2213: 2209: 2206:provided by the 2205: 2201: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2126: 2121: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2055: 2039: 2035: 2019: 2015: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1746:More info needed 1740: 1699: 1695: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1661: 1559: 1558: 1521: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1499: 1498: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1385: 1380: 1360: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1311: 1296: 1291: 1271: 1234:, respectively: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1165: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1054: 1045: 1039: 1025:I think that ... 998: 992: 986: 980: 922: 921: 904: 903: 866: 865: 860: 854: 836: 835: 826: 825: 796: 786: 772: 763:When applied in 720: 719: 715: 711: 707: 702: 684: 680: 672: 671:Hah . . . ? 638: 634: 630: 627: 624: 622: 593: 589: 584: 565: 545:American English 434:Business Insider 407: 406: 402: 387: 370: 359: 339: 338: 334: 326: 316: 290:punctuation mark 263: 259: 256: 253: 250: 247: 243: 237: 225: 224: 221: 220: 217: 214: 211: 208: 205: 202: 199: 152:. . . 146: 138: 134: 131: 128: 126: 108: 71: 64: 60: 57: 51: 44:improve the lead 24: 23: 16: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5563: 5562: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5531: 5468: 5459: 5456: §  5455: 5453: 5443: 5440: ⸿  5439: 5436: ¶  5435: 5433: 5424: 5421: ⌑  5420: 5417: ◊  5416: 5414: 5405: 5402: ☞  5401: 5399: 5393:(hedera, aldus) 5389: 5386: ❧  5385: 5383: 5374: 5371: ‡  5370: 5367: †  5366: 5364: 5356: 5347: 5344: ”  5343: 5341: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5314: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5295: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5268: 5260: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5236: 5232: 5230: 5221: 5218: ®  5217: 5215: 5206: 5203: ℗  5202: 5200: 5191: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5172: 5169: ©  5168: 5166: 5158: 5149: 5146: ·  5145: 5143: 5134: 5131: •  5130: 5128: 5119: 5116: ‖  5115: 5112: ¦  5111: 5107: 5105: 5096: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5077: 5074: _  5073: 5071: 5063: 5054: 5051: ^  5050: 5048: 5041:minus-plus sign 5039: 5036: ∓  5035: 5033: 5026:plus–minus sign 5024: 5021: ±  5020: 5018: 5009: 5006: ~  5005: 5003: 4994: 4991: ÷  4990: 4988: 4979: 4976: ×  4975: 4973: 4964: 4961: −  4960: 4957: +  4956: 4954: 4946: 4937: 4934: ⌀  4933: 4931: 4922: 4919: °  4918: 4916: 4907: 4904: ‱  4903: 4901: 4892: 4889: ‰  4888: 4886: 4877: 4874: %  4873: 4871: 4862: 4859: ª  4858: 4855: º  4854: 4852: 4843: 4840: №  4839: 4837: 4828: 4825: #  4824: 4822: 4814: 4805: 4802: ⸮  4801: 4799: 4790: 4787: ¿  4786: 4783: ¡  4782: 4780: 4771: 4768: ‽  4767: 4765: 4756: 4753: !  4752: 4750: 4741: 4738: ?  4737: 4735: 4727: 4718: 4715: ⸗  4714: 4711: ⹀  4710: 4708: 4699: 4696: —  4695: 4692: –  4691: 4688: ‒  4687: 4685: 4676: 4673: -  4672: 4670: 4662: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4607: 4604: ⁂  4603: 4601: 4592: 4589: *  4588: 4586: 4577: 4574: …  4573: 4571: 4562: 4559: \  4558: 4556: 4547: 4544: /  4543: 4541: 4532: 4529: ^  4528: 4526: 4517: 4514: @  4513: 4511: 4502: 4498: 4496: 4488: 4479: 4476: .  4475: 4473: 4464: 4461: ‴  4460: 4457: ″  4456: 4453: ′  4452: 4450: 4441: 4438: '  4437: 4434: ’  4433: 4431: 4422: 4419: ‐  4418: 4416: 4407: 4404: ;  4403: 4401: 4392: 4389: :  4388: 4386: 4377: 4374: ,  4373: 4371: 4362: 4358: 4356: 4348: 4337: 4279: 4274: 4260: 4239: 4218: 4192: 4188: 4186:Further reading 4183: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4155: 4153: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4086: 4084: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4017: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3949:on 5 April 2014 3936: 3935: 3931: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3885: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3818: 3816: 3805:"text-overflow" 3803: 3802: 3798: 3792:Wayback Machine 3782: 3778: 3768: 3766: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3698: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3679: 3677: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3650: 3648: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3617: 3616: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3568: 3566: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3409:. 2005. p. 440. 3407:Pearson Longman 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3317:Wayback Machine 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3257: 3253: 3243: 3241: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3097:Merriam-Webster 3087: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3017:. Quiet Press. 3008: 3007: 3003: 2993: 2991: 2981: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2903: 2897: 2893: 2878: 2877: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2857:on 14 July 2020 2845: 2844: 2837: 2833: 2799: 2762: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2701: 2697: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2599: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2553: 2527: 2522: 2507: 2502: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2425: 2401: 2388: 2378: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2359: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2305: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2251: 2224: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2186: 2166: 2165: 2155: 2135: 2134: 2124: 2104: 2103: 2093: 2073: 2072: 2069:Lower ellipsis 2046: 2037: 2033: 2017: 2013: 2006: 1993: 1990: 1985: 1984: 1973: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1928: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1900: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1886: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1872: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1852: 1843: 1827: 1794: 1783: 1772:file operations 1748: 1738: 1711: 1706: 1697: 1693: 1679: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1564: 1550: 1545: 1544: 1538:identity matrix 1490: 1461: 1460: 1426: 1425: 1328: 1327: 1239: 1238: 1174: 1173: 1130: 1129: 1080: 1079: 1066: 1032: 1005: 969: 929: 919: 889: 821:-dot leaders", 811: 803: 761: 755: 752: 750: 732: 729: 727: 717: 713: 709: 705: 704: 700: 691: 689:British English 683:* * * 682: 678: 670: 632: 628: 625: 620: 619: 591: 587: 582: 575:square brackets 563: 547: 542: 537: 451: 424:Merriam-Webster 404: 400: 399: 385: 368: 357: 346: 336: 335: 332: 324: 315:. . . 314: 299:. According to 261: 257: 254: 251: 248: 196: 192: 181: 136: 132: 129: 124: 123: 118: 104: 97: 90: 79: 72: 61: 55: 52: 41: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 5571: 5569: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5540: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5451: 5431: 5412: 5397: 5381: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5339: 5321:   5312: 5293: 5288:quotation mark 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5248:   5243: 5233:   5228: 5213: 5198: 5179: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5141: 5126: 5103: 5084: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5046: 5031: 5016: 5001: 4986: 4971: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4929: 4914: 4899: 4884: 4869: 4850: 4835: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4797: 4778: 4763: 4748: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4706: 4683: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4614: 4599: 4584: 4569: 4554: 4539: 4524: 4509: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4471: 4448: 4429: 4414: 4399: 4384: 4369: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4338: 4336: 4335: 4328: 4321: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4294: 4278: 4277:External links 4275: 4273: 4272: 4258: 4237: 4230: 4216: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4181: 4163: 4137: 4129:"Unicode Data" 4120: 4113: 4093: 4060: 4005: 3976:(2): 211–234. 3960: 3929: 3923:10.1.1.108.463 3904: 3878: 3856: 3826: 3796: 3783:Мильчин А. Э. 3776: 3749: 3722: 3687: 3657: 3632: 3621:. 21 July 2019 3607: 3576: 3550: 3520: 3495: 3483: 3474: 3442: 3411: 3390: 3353: 3327: 3302: 3276: 3251: 3218: 3183: 3166:WordAgents.com 3153: 3114: 3080: 3044: 3032: 3001: 2974: 2947: 2929: 2891: 2887:Virginia Woolf 2868: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2761: 2758: 2660: 2657: 2637: 2636: 2629: 2618: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2564: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2477: 2431: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2381: 2370: 2365: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2316: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2262: 2257: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2173: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2142: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2111: 2101: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2080: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2045: 2042: 2005: 2002: 1977: 1976: 1962: 1948: 1934: 1920: 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1087: 1065: 1062: 1031: 1028: 1004: 1001: 968: 965: 928: 925: 888: 885: 876:pregnant pause 810: 807: 802: 799: 760: 757: 747: 724: 690: 687: 658: 657: 654: 651: 650:l, ... l 648: 645: 642: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 469:Maurice Kyffin 450: 447: 345: 342: 183: 182: 178: 177: 174: 171: 169:Chicago format 166: 160: 159: 156: 153: 150: 144: 141: 140: 120: 119: 116: 113: 112: 77: 74: 73: 29:The article's 28: 26: 19: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5570: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5495:Logic symbols 5493: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5462: 5458:   5452: 5446: 5442:   5432: 5427: 5423:   5413: 5408: 5404:   5398: 5392: 5388:   5382: 5377: 5373:   5363: 5362: 5359: 5350: 5346:   5340: 5335: 5331:   5313: 5308: 5304:   5294: 5289: 5285:   5267: 5266: 5263: 5254: 5250:   5244: 5239: 5235:   5229: 5224: 5220:   5214: 5209: 5205:   5199: 5194: 5190:   5180: 5175: 5171:   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4415: 4410: 4406:   4400: 4395: 4391:   4385: 4380: 4376:   4370: 4365: 4361:   4355: 4354: 4351: 4346: 4345:typographical 4342: 4334: 4329: 4327: 4322: 4320: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4293:at Wiktionary 4292: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4238: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4178: 4177: 4167: 4164: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4116: 4110: 4106: 4105: 4097: 4094: 4082: 4078: 4071: 4064: 4061: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4016: 4009: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3961: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3905: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3879: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3780: 3777: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3753: 3750: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3704: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3620: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3595: 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2747: 2743: 2738: 2724: 2719: 2710: 2705: 2692: 2681: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2612: 2611:Code page 874 2608: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2596: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2565: 2560: 2557: 2552: 2551: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2478: 2432: 2429: 2424: 2423: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2366: 2363: 2358: 2357: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2317: 2312: 2309: 2304: 2303: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2263: 2258: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227:package from 2221: 2218: 2197: 2185: 2171: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2154: 2140: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2123: 2109: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2092: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2043: 2041: 2040:can be used. 2031: 2027: 2023: 2011: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1982: 1963: 1949: 1935: 1921: 1907: 1893: 1879: 1865: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1847: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1815: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1781:Busy/progress 1780: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1694:text-overflow 1690: 1688: 1684: 1676: 1658: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1412: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1326: 1323: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1228:capital sigma 1225: 1220: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 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232:Ancient Greek 229: 223: 190: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 161: 157: 154: 151: 148: 147: 142: 121: 114: 109: 106: 102: 95: 88: 84: 70: 67: 59: 49: 46:and read the 45: 40: 35: 32: 27: 18: 17: 5500:Math symbols 5461:section mark 5121:vertical bar 4879:percent sign 4678:hyphen-minus 4578: 4289: 4241: 4233: 4198: 4171: 4166: 4154:. 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Index

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