264:
515:
70:
160:
were also significant. According to the writings of Hyde (as Lord
Clarendon), the gatherings and discussions themselves were modelled on those of Cicero and Erasmus, with guests being welcome to differ on points of view. Discourse also took place around the dinner table, with Clarendon likening the
255:
Participation in any actual dialogues as described by Hyde is problematic to establish; and the time scale has different points on it, though a beginning date of 1634 (Martinich) seems to be agreed widely. After about 1640 the troubled political situation overshadowed theoretical discussion and
232:. It has also been argued that these are two sides to the understanding of the period of the term "Socinian". The eirenic style was understood by Puritan opponents as Arminian rhetoric, and they moved away from compromise with it, to polemic and contemplation of war.
421:
Since Great Tew was best known as an open house for Oxford scholars, and
Falkland's contacts included a group centred on London and the court, it is artificial at best to assign membership in the circle to some who are known to have associated with the group.
52:
referred to the Circle as "A college situate in a purer air", referring to its pursuit of truth away from the partisan passions of the town. The house was the property of the noble Cary family, and the circle was brought together by
582:, who had lost his Essex rectory during the Civil war. He later wrote her biography (1648, in the form of an exchange of letters). It has been suggested that the household was run on lines similar to the
243:, in the attitude that there is no single basis for essential and true beliefs. The distinction now usual between the Cambridge Platonists and other Latitudinarians is a conventional one, introduced by
260:, 1638), literary works and translation in a humanist vein, and the political line pursued by Falkland and Hyde in 1640–1, attempting to find a middle position between Puritan and Laudian extremes.
1216:
The
Religion of Protestants, a safe way to salvation, or, An answer to a booke entitle Mercy and truth, or, Charity maintain'd by Catholiques, which pretends to prove the contrary
429:. Whether Hobbes actually visited Great Tew is unclear; he possibly did so in 1634. His associations with the circle through friendships are more certain in a London context.
943:
John Locke, Toleration and Early
Enlightenment Culture: Religious Intolerance and Arguments for Religious Toleration in Early Modern and 'Early Enlightenment' Europe
529:, the followers of Jonson; and others of the Circle were also in the Tribe. Falkland also gave the first of the poetical tributes in the 1638 Oxford memorial volume
2132:
The holy life and death of the lady Letice, vi-countess
Falkland, with the returnes of spiritual comfort and grief in a devout soul. Repr. (of part of the 1648 ed.)
228:
and a commitment to rational dialogue on religion. This analysis has been challenged from the direction of the Circle's political thought, with its commitment to
2181:
2084:
2050:
2000:
1966:
1913:
1879:
1836:
1760:
1726:
1686:
1577:
1459:
1387:
1192:
1154:
1100:
1066:
1019:
985:
951:
916:
830:
796:
762:
715:
678:
644:
454:
738:
461:
109:
58:
54:
444:
2171:
2114:
1785:
1644:
1602:
1517:
1484:
1417:
1345:
1312:
1256:
855:
2176:
101:
541:
74:
263:
754:
Latitudinarianism and didacticism in eighteenth century literature: moral theology in
Fielding, Sterne, and Goldsmith
235:
The major theologians of the circle (Chillingworth, Hales, Taylor) have regularly been claimed as precursors of the
61:, the future 1st Earl of Clarendon, who after 1660 would become known as a leading statesman, and then a historian.
1678:
The discontented cavalier: the work of Sir John
Suckling in its social, religious, political, and literary contexts
475:
57:, who became 2nd Viscount Falkland on the death of his father in 1633. The most prominent of those taking part was
2186:
481:
583:
822:
The Church of
England and Christian antiquity: the construction of a confessional identity in the 17th century
1123:
370:
329:
314:
268:
540:
Hales and
Chillingworth have been identified with an "Oxford School of rational theology", containing also
1941:
505:, biographer of Hooker, not likely to have participated at Great Tew, but close to a number of the Circle.
324:
289:
2108:
256:
writing. The influence of the circle can be traced in theological production (especially
Chillingworth's
294:
97:
1178:
471:
448:
380:
309:
299:
240:
225:
198:
1131:
385:
579:
553:
304:
202:
141:
201:
with its Protestant defeats of the 1620s and Catholic expansion; but also of the doctrines of the
571:
80:
In the vexed religious climate of the time, the Circle was heterodox, inclining to sympathy with
908:
2080:
2074:
2046:
2040:
1996:
1962:
1956:
1909:
1903:
1875:
1869:
1832:
1826:
1756:
1750:
1722:
1682:
1676:
1573:
1455:
1449:
1383:
1188:
1150:
1096:
1090:
1062:
1015:
981:
947:
941:
912:
826:
820:
792:
758:
711:
674:
668:
640:
634:
544:
and William Page. It has been said that, despite the political difference over the defence of
194:
182:
145:
1990:
1718:
1567:
1377:
1182:
1144:
1009:
786:
752:
705:
567:, around the Cavendishes, with which Hobbes was more closely associated than with Great Tew.
224:
Trevor-Roper supported the claims of the Great Tew group to the eirenic moral high ground on
1790:
1649:
1607:
1522:
1489:
1422:
1350:
1317:
1261:
975:
860:
137:
133:
2027:
The Revolt of the Provinces: Conservatives and Radicals in the English Civil War 1630–1650
1935:
564:
335:
284:
239:, a term anachronistic before 1660. They are now considered to have paved the way for the
149:
128:
because of the place the latter made for the use of reason in Biblical interpretation and
901:
575:
560:
534:
467:
365:
359:
236:
157:
125:
49:
2165:
2107:
2022:
1992:
Anglicanism and the Christian Church: theological resources in historical perspective
1711:
903:
The transformation of Anglicanism, 1643-1660: with special reference to Henry Hammond
485:
426:
402:
390:
375:
340:
319:
129:
1092:
Exploiting Erasmus: the Erasmian legacy and religious change in early modern England
602:
526:
518:
502:
492:
353:
271:
of 1643, fighting recklessly on the royalist side, some 30 miles south of Great Tew
244:
190:
121:
1802:
1661:
1619:
1534:
1501:
1434:
1362:
1329:
1273:
872:
2130:
1056:
181:
Chillingworth was influenced by Acontius, and the Circle read Acontius alongside
887:
The Evolving Reputation of Richard Hooker: An examination of responses 1600–1714
496:
410:
229:
218:
85:
81:
69:
43:
35:
1794:
1653:
1611:
1526:
1493:
1354:
864:
17:
2042:
A social history of truth: civility and science in seventeenth-century England
1426:
1321:
1265:
549:
545:
514:
437:
433:
210:
206:
186:
1376:
Kim Ian Parker; Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion (1 March 2004).
34:
was a group of clerics and literary figures who gathered in the 1630s at the
153:
89:
39:
1940:
The Temper of the Seventeenth Century in English Literature (1904), p. 136;
977:
Reason and Religion in the English Revolution: The Challenge of Socinianism
707:
Reason and Religion in the English Revolution: The Challenge of Socinianism
132:. These writers formed part of the broader Christian humanist tradition of
1146:
Enlightenment and Religion: Rational Dissent in Eighteenth-Century Britain
209:
on religious matters. Falkland and Chillingworth had been seared by the "
93:
214:
105:
84:. The favoured approach of some of those involved has been defined as "
436:
was on good terms with members of the circle, and visited Great Tew;
1128:
Seventeenth Century Men of Latitude; forerunners of the new theology
559:
Katherine Jones was someone common to the Great Tew Circle and the
221:
a more attractive option to deal with the challenge of skepticism.
513:
262:
92:; this approach fitted with political views that were essentially
68:
193:) of Socinus himself. The context, as explained by the historian
1871:
Literary circles and cultural communities in Renaissance England
670:
Literary circles and cultural communities in Renaissance England
1011:
Literature and Religious Culture in Seventeenth-Century England
548:, there is no clear distinction between the Great Tew line and
1184:
Latitudinarianism in the seventeenth-century Church of England
457:, who moved to England from Ireland after the 1641 rebellion.
73:
Late engraving (1811) of Lord Falkland, after a portrait by
2129:
John Duncon; Lettice Cary (viscountess Falkland.) (1760).
1752:
Women, gender, and radical religion in early modern Europe
853:
Allen, Elizabeth. "Cary , Lettice, Viscountess Falkland".
275:
Among those mentioned as being in Falkland's circle are:
1995:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 73.
1058:
The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy
169:("philosophical-" or "theological feast") to Erasmus's
2045:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 144 note 49.
1061:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1034 and 399.
563:. Robert Payne was a central figure in the so-called
104:, for his mother, and found the tolerant approach of
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
474:, friends and neighbours of Falkland, linked to the
120:
Major influences on the thinking of the circle were
1448:Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon (12 February 2009).
1713:The Politics of tragicomedy: Shakespeare and after
1710:
900:
185:, a Socinian. They found greater relevance in the
108:attractive. He organised the circle with his wife
96:. The central religious figure of the Circle was
1254:BrĂĽckmann, Patricia C. "Cressy, Hugh Paulinus".
556:were leaders of the "Country Alliance" of 1640.
533:, and others of the Circle who contributed were
1043:From Counter-Reformation to Glorious Revolution
1958:Aspects of English Protestantism, c. 1530-1700
699:
697:
1905:The Facts On File Companion to British Poetry
1874:. University of Missouri Press. p. 178.
1681:. Associated University Presse. p. 175.
1451:The History of the Rebellion: A New Selection
1014:. Cambridge University Press. pp. lxxx.
710:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–5.
673:. University of Missouri Press. p. 174.
525:Falkland himself is identified as one of the
27:British group of clerics and literary figures
8:
2076:Historical Dictionary of Hobbes's Philosophy
1961:. Manchester University Press. p. 279.
1789:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1648:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1606:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1521:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1488:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1421:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1349:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1316:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1310:Chernaik, Warren. "Chillingworth, William".
1260:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1095:. University of Toronto Press. p. 212.
859:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
570:The widowed Lady Falkland (Lettice) took in
488:, on the Great Tew–Oxford axis of the 1630s.
217:, the Circle found in the use by Grotius of
2118:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
1382:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 17.
946:. Cambridge University Press. p. 324.
907:. Manchester University Press ND. pp.
628:
626:
624:
622:
100:. Falkland himself had a Catholic convert,
1572:. Cambridge University Press. p. 23.
1149:. Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
791:. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.
213:crisis" of skepticism rampant. Opposed to
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
980:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6.
1454:. Oxford University Press. p. 489.
1410:
1408:
1406:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1143:Knud Haakonssen, ed. (2 November 2006).
825:. Oxford University Press. p. 215.
1786:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1709:Gordon McMullan; Jonathan Hope (1992).
1645:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1603:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1518:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1485:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1418:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1346:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1313:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1257:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
856:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
636:Humanism and the Rhetoric of Toleration
618:
1783:Hegarty, A. J. "Potter, Christopher".
358:Charles Cotton (died 1658), father of
267:Memorial to Falkland, who died at the
1831:. Taylor & Francis. p. 348.
1343:Underdown, David. "Raleigh, Walter".
1055:Daniel Garber; Michael Ayers (2003).
455:Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh
46:in southern England, and in London.
7:
1908:. Infobase Publishing. p. 452.
1600:Donaldson, Ian. "Jonson, Benjamin".
819:Jean-Louis Quantin (25 April 2009).
739:Arminianism in the Church of England
88:", and in any case opposed to rigid
2073:Juhana Lemetti (16 December 2011).
1828:Thomas Hobbes: critical assessments
1482:Duffin, Anne. "Godolphin, Sidney".
1415:Jagger, Nicholas. "Carew, Thomas".
1379:The biblical politics of John Locke
462:Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry
1515:Ellison, James. "Sandys, George".
751:Patrick MĂĽller (19 January 2009).
521:, Viscountess Falkland, as a widow
189:of Acontius than in the theology (
25:
2154:Nicholas Ferrar of Little Gidding
1569:The Cambridge Companion to Hobbes
1089:Gregory D. Dodds (9 April 2009).
788:The Cambridge Companion to Hobbes
639:. Penn State Press. p. 144.
2182:History of the Church of England
2115:Dictionary of National Biography
2079:. Scarecrow Press. p. 352.
1642:Norbrook, David. "May, Thomas".
1556:Martinich, pp. 63–4, and p. 217.
1177:Martin Ignatius Joseph Griffin;
667:Ted-Larry Pebworth, ed. (2000).
552:in theology. Falkland, Hyde and
205:in an environment of increasing
974:Sarah Mortimer (4 March 2010).
940:John Marshall (30 March 2006).
704:Sarah Mortimer (4 March 2010).
177:Tolerance, eirenicism, latitude
1566:Tom Sorell (26 January 1996).
785:Tom Sorell (26 January 1996).
633:Gary Remer (31 January 2008).
1:
102:Elizabeth Cary, Lady Falkland
1803:UK public library membership
1749:Sylvia Monica Brown (2007).
1662:UK public library membership
1620:UK public library membership
1535:UK public library membership
1502:UK public library membership
1435:UK public library membership
1363:UK public library membership
1330:UK public library membership
1274:UK public library membership
899:John William Packer (1969).
873:UK public library membership
510:Relationship to other groups
75:Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen
1868:Ted-Larry Pebworth (2000).
440:associated with the circle.
2203:
1902:Virginia Brackett (2008).
757:. Peter Lang. p. 17.
476:Virginia Company of London
1989:Paul D. L. Avis (2002).
1955:Nicholas Tyacke (2001).
1825:Preston T. King (1993).
1181:; Lila Freedman (1992).
584:Little Gidding community
2172:Early modern philosophy
2109:"Duncon, Eleazar"
1675:Robert Wilcher (2007).
397:Politicians and lawyers
269:first battle of Newbury
258:Religion of Protestants
163:Convivium Philosophicum
2177:History of Oxfordshire
2039:Steven Shapin (1994).
1795:10.1093/ref:odnb/22607
1755:. BRILL. p. 289.
1717:. Routledge. pp.
1654:10.1093/ref:odnb/18423
1612:10.1093/ref:odnb/15116
1527:10.1093/ref:odnb/24651
1494:10.1093/ref:odnb/10881
1355:10.1093/ref:odnb/23040
1227:Malcolm, p.92 note 53.
1124:Edward Augustus George
865:10.1093/ref:odnb/66709
522:
272:
77:
1427:10.1093/ref:odnb/4842
1322:10.1093/ref:odnb/5308
1266:10.1093/ref:odnb/6676
1187:. BRILL. p. 12.
1008:Reid Barbour (2002).
517:
295:William Chillingworth
266:
247:in the 19th century.
167:Convivium Theologicum
98:William Chillingworth
72:
2156:(1938), note p. 231.
1547:Martinich, pp. 63–4.
1179:Richard Henry Popkin
300:Hugh Paulinus Cressy
241:Cambridge Platonists
226:religious toleration
171:Convivium Religiosum
1041:Hugh Trevor-Roper,
921:. GGKEY:2UELGKR2ZUF
597:Hobbes: A Biography
554:Sir John Colepepper
203:contra-Remonstrants
142:Sebastian Castellio
1815:Malcolm, pp. 74–5.
1632:Martinich, p. 217.
1293:Martinich, p. 103.
542:Christopher Potter
537:, May and Digges.
523:
273:
197:, was that of the
173:("godly feast")."
78:
2086:978-0-8108-5065-1
2052:978-0-226-75018-7
2002:978-0-567-08745-4
1968:978-0-7190-5392-4
1915:978-1-4381-0835-3
1881:978-0-8262-1317-4
1838:978-0-415-08081-1
1801:(Subscription or
1762:978-90-04-16306-5
1728:978-0-415-06403-3
1688:978-0-87413-996-9
1660:(Subscription or
1618:(Subscription or
1579:978-0-521-42244-4
1533:(Subscription or
1500:(Subscription or
1461:978-0-19-160777-6
1433:(Subscription or
1389:978-0-88920-450-8
1361:(Subscription or
1328:(Subscription or
1272:(Subscription or
1194:978-90-04-09653-0
1156:978-0-521-02987-2
1102:978-0-8020-9900-6
1068:978-0-521-53720-9
1021:978-0-521-00664-4
987:978-0-521-51704-1
953:978-0-521-65114-1
918:978-0-7190-0381-3
871:(Subscription or
832:978-0-19-955786-8
798:978-0-521-42244-4
764:978-3-631-59116-1
717:978-0-521-51704-1
680:978-0-8262-1317-4
646:978-0-271-02811-8
607:Aspects of Hobbes
595:A. P. Martinich,
381:Sir John Suckling
199:Thirty Years' War
195:Hugh Trevor-Roper
183:Johannes Crellius
146:Bernardino Ochino
86:Arminian humanism
16:(Redirected from
2194:
2187:Literary circles
2157:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2036:
2030:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1952:
1946:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1865:
1859:
1858:Malcolm, p. 325.
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1746:
1740:
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1737:
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1716:
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1657:
1639:
1633:
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1624:
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1615:
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1505:
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1400:
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1307:
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1269:
1251:
1228:
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1219:
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1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1174:
1168:
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1165:
1163:
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1134:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1086:
1080:
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1075:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1033:
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1030:
1028:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
971:
965:
964:
962:
960:
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
906:
896:
890:
885:Michael Brydon,
883:
877:
876:
868:
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
816:
810:
809:
807:
805:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
748:
742:
735:
729:
728:
726:
724:
701:
692:
691:
689:
687:
664:
658:
657:
655:
653:
630:
449:Sir John Vaughan
371:Sidney Godolphin
138:George Cassander
134:Jacobus Acontius
32:Great Tew Circle
21:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2152:A. L. Maycock,
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1936:Barrett Wendell
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1414:
1413:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1292:
1281:
1271:
1253:
1252:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:(Oxford, 1638).
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1045:(1992), p. 176.
1040:
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685:
683:
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666:
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649:
647:
632:
631:
620:
616:
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565:Welbeck Academy
512:
472:Henry Rainsford
419:
336:Gilbert Sheldon
310:Charles Gataker
285:George Aglionby
253:
237:Latitudinarians
179:
150:Faustus Socinus
118:
67:
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22:
18:Falkland circle
15:
12:
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2029:(1980), p. 19.
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889:(2006), p. 52.
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511:
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489:
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468:Francis Wenman
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2023:J. S. Morrill
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482:Robert Payne
445:George Digby
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417:Associations
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274:
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251:Participants
245:John Tulloch
234:
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191:Unitarianism
180:
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499:, possibly.
497:Wat Montagu
411:John Selden
407:Edward Hyde
332:the cleric.
230:sovereignty
219:probabilism
158:Jean Daillé
152:. The anti-
82:Socinianism
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590:References
550:Laudianism
546:episcopacy
438:Thomas May
434:Ben Jonson
315:John Hales
305:John Earle
211:Pyrrhonian
207:skepticism
187:eirenicism
116:Influences
362:the poet.
279:Churchmen
156:views of
154:patristic
90:Calvinism
40:Great Tew
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2008:25 March
1974:25 March
1921:25 March
1887:25 March
1844:25 March
1768:25 March
1734:25 March
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1585:25 March
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1395:25 March
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1200:25 March
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