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138:, generally representing the names of the owners of the vessels or the ancestors to whom they were dedicated. The inscriptions usually appear on the interior walls or floors of the vessels and on the undersides of the lids. They were cast into the bronze rather than being incised into the metal. The highly pictographic form of the shorter Shang-era inscriptions later developed into lengthier inscriptions by the time of the Zhou, with more standardised written characters often commemorating events involving the individual who had commissioned the vessel.
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94:. Their form differed somewhat over time; those produced during the Shang typically had straight bodies, those of the early Zhou bulge at the sides and mid-Zhou ones have handles that look like an elephant's trunk. The Sinologist Carl Hentze suggested that the shape of the vessel represents an ancestral temple of the period, with sloping roofs, projecting beams and a square or rectangular base.
119:. During the Shang and Zhou eras, kings and aristocrats customarily sought to bring good fortune and avert evil by sacrificing to the ancestors. They were used both in life and as
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They are believed to have been used to hold ritual food offerings, though it is also possible that they could have been used to
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thus represent an important source for ancient
Chinese history and the development of the Chinese writing system.
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and were also carved from white marble during the Shang. They first appeared in bronze either at the start of the
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Understanding
Ancient Chinese Bronzes, Their Importance in Chinese Culture, Their Shapes, Functions and Motifs
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77:(circa 1800-900 BCE). It takes the shape of a square or rectangular casket with a cover that resembles a
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patterns representing mythological beasts. They were sometimes connected to create a twin container or
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period (13th-11th century BC) or during the 14th century transition between the
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and the Yinxu. They disappeared in the middle part of the
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283:"'Fangyi' Covered Ritual Wine Vessel with 'Taotie' Decor"
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Fangyi dated to the 12th century BCE (Shang dynasty)
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100:appear to have evolved from pottery vessels in the
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84:They are usually lavishly decorated, often with
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231:The Penguin Dictionary of Decorative Arts
206:. Galerie Christian Deydier. p. 37.
134:were inscribed with very early forms of
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227:Fleming, John; Honour, Hugh (1979).
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61:; 'square bronze') is a type of
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631:Chinese bronze inscriptions
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646:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
202:Dedier, Christian (2015).
187:Munsterberg, Hugo (2011).
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65:container typical of the
261:"Ritual vessel (fangyi)"
694:Visual arts terminology
315:Smithsonian Institution
359:Chinese ritual bronzes
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575:of Marquis Yi of Zeng
285:. Harvard Art Museums
63:Chinese ritual bronze
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461:Individual artifacts
191:. Tuttle Publishing.
69:and early to middle
684:Chinese bronzeware
235:. Viking. p.
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679:Chinese art
596:Fujita ram
588:Fu Hao owl
388:Fangyi (方彜)
121:grave goods
73:periods of
689:Containers
668:Categories
556:Shi Qiang
443:TLV mirror
246:0670820474
146:References
53:Wade–Giles
604:Simu Xin
580:Luboshez
573:Bianzhong
540:Mao Gong
524:Kang Hou
398:Guang (觥)
373:Bianzhong
117:hold wine
516:Houmuwu
378:Ding (鼎)
289:29 March
267:29 March
172:28 March
163:"Fangyi"
92:oufangyi
79:hip roof
624:Related
550:fanglei
433:You (卣)
423:Lei (罍)
418:Jue (爵)
413:Jia (斝)
403:Gui (簋)
383:Dui (敦)
45:Chinese
636:Taotie
484:Da Yu
476:Da Ke
468:Da He
428:Yi (匜)
408:Hu (壺)
393:Gu (觚)
310:fangyi
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140:Fangyi
132:fangyi
125:Fu Hao
98:Fangyi
87:taotie
58:fang-i
55::
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40:fangyi
612:Song
598:guang
582:guang
366:Types
319:Freer
130:Many
106:Yinxu
67:Shang
606:ding
564:Shi
548:Min
542:ding
518:ding
486:ding
478:ding
470:ding
291:2020
269:2020
241:ISBN
208:ISBN
174:2020
71:Zhou
614:gui
590:zun
566:zun
558:pan
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526:gui
510:zun
508:He
502:pan
494:zun
317:'s
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154:^
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51:;
49:方彜
37:A
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43:(
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