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232:, with the influence of the English royal court, London became a major city in European fashion. Similarly, due to the power of Spain during the period, the Spanish court started to influence fashion, making it a major centre. In the 17th century, as the Renaissance began to fade away, with the power of the French court under
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of fashion, the creation of styles, and the emergence of fashion trends. In addition, fashion capitals have a broad mix of business, artistic, entertainment, cultural, and leisure activities that are internationally recognized for each having a strongly unique identity. The fashion capital status is
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Fashion capitals offer exhibitions and are an opportunity for designers to show off their latest collections as well as for the fashion industry to interact and work together. Fashion has become a powerful platform for social change and advocacy which is why fashion capitals are so influential.
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Since then, new fashion hubs have emerged worldwide, and the old order has faced challenges from all corners of the globe, including Africa, South
America, and Australasia. Since 2007, Berlin has again been highlighted as an increasingly important centre for global fashion trends.
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explored the move away from the traditional dominance of five key cities (New York, Paris, Milan, Tokyo, and London), with co-editor Lise Skov, suggesting what she described as a "poly-centric" fashion industry developing in the 21st century.
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gaining worldwide attention, even if most of the city's newcomers gained prominence after showcasing their clothing in Paris. The fashion was radically different in its use of textiles and the way designers cut and draped.
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177:, is also widely viewed as the fifth key city of fashion, and Asia's most important fashion capital. Also, nowadays, the term fashion capital includes other world cities known for hosting notable
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During the 1950s, Italy rose in prominence again. Florence re-emerged as a leading city in fashion, although focus shifted to Milan from the 1970s on as leading design houses moved to the city.
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290:– New York City rose in stature as a fashion capital, challenging the dominance of Paris with a different approach, especially in its development and popularization of
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relocated to Paris in 1846. He did this to perfect and commercialize his craft, holding the first fashion shows and launching the concept of fashion labels there.
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In the 16th century, Milan came to be regarded as the world's fashion capital. Nowadays, while the term fashion capital is still used to describe cities that hold
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once again became a major fashion leader. However, it continued to look to Paris for stylistic inspiration, and the
British 'father of haute couture'
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scene, from history, heritage, designers, trends, and styles, to manufacturing innovation and retailing of fashion products, including events such as
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revealed New York as the leading fashion capital, followed by Paris, Milan, and London. A further elaboration of the data in cooperation with the
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measured in a scientific approach the importance, influence, and impact of cities in the fashion industry with neural networks from a large
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Gemperli, Natalia. "Fashion World Mapper: Your City on the Trend Radar". Master Thesis, University of the Arts ZĂĽrich. June 2010.
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also linked to the city's domestic and international profile. Fashion capitals are part of a wider social construct scene, with
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117:, which receive most press coverage, although London's prominence has decreased compared to the other three cities since
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101:, the most prominent fashion capitals of the world—in chronological order of their eponymous fashion weeks, are
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were Europe's main trendsetters, due to the cultural power they exerted in that period. This included cities such as
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of the 20th century, four cities are considered the main fashion capitals of the 21st century. Called the
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claimed its place as a fashion capital with a new generation of avant-garde designers, including
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846:"The power structure of the fashion industry: Fashion capitals, globalization and creativity"
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Unveiling
Fashion: Business, Culture, and Identity in the Most Glamorous Industry
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Historically, several cities have taken turns being fashion capitals. During the
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820:""Beauty Adorns Virtue": Italian Renaissance Fashion | Fashion History Timeline"
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visualized the impact of geopolitical events on the fashion capitals, including
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With exquisite fashion heritage, structured organization, and the most vaunted
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994:"Exhibition at London's V&A Museum to chronicle rise of Italian Fashion"
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1128:"2011 top fashion weeks around the world: Paris, New York, Milan, Tokyo..."
1105:"Miyake, Kawakubo, and Yamamoto: Japanese Fashion in the Twentieth Century"
142:, fashion magazines, and powerful market of affluent consumers of fashion.
861:
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971:"Fashioning the City: Exploring Fashion Cultures, Structures and Systems"
490:"The World's Most Fashionable Cities for 2021 | Fashion Week Online"
202:
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32:
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415:, for more information on the fashion influence of Berlin and Germany
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and have influential designers in the world of global fashion.
1899:
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236:, Paris established itself as Europe's main fashion centre.
1158:"Germany's fashion capital: the improbable rise of Berlin"
421:, for more information on the fashion influence of Italy.
409:, for more information on the fashion influence of Paris
286:
Throughout the 20th century – but particularly after
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that together, generate significant economic output.
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is a city with major influence on the international
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671:"The Big Four : Fashion Capitals of the World"
133:A fashion capital assumes a leadership role in the
942:"The Age of Excess: Berlin in the Golden Twenties"
439:"Berlin as a fashion capital: the improbable rise"
398:, for a partial list of cities with fashion weeks.
343:Fashion Theory: Journal of Dress, Body and Culture
66:has returned to being a fashion capital after the
1081:. Fashion Institute of Technology. Archived from
1211:IFDAQ Global Fashion and Luxury Cities - Top 30
699:. Fashion Days. 5 February 2014. Archived from
673:. Fashion Days. 5 February 2014. Archived from
888:"Corsets & Crinoline in Victorian Fashion"
1251:
697:"The Big Four: Fashion capitals of the World"
283:was considered the vanguard fashion capital.
8:
1373:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
1224:Global Fashion & Luxury Cities IPX Index
465:"Paris now leads Milan in EU fashion market"
372:IFDAQ Global Fashion and Luxury Cities Index
239:During the 19th century, with the powerful
149:—most prominently, in chronological order,
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1183:Scholz, Kay-Alexander (18 January 2012).
1053:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 23.
376:Institution of Engineering and Technology
1185:"The Phoenix of Fashion Rises in Berlin"
850:International Journal of Fashion Studies
529:"The World's Leading Cities for Fashion"
973:. Royal College of Art. 27 January 2012
940:Schreiber, Mathias (23 November 2012).
430:
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963:
619:The Fundamentals of Fashion Management
294:as fashion during the 1940s and '50s.
560:"Is there a future for Fashion Week?"
558:Armstrong, Lisa (22 September 2013).
527:Florida, Richard (7 September 2012).
458:
456:
7:
1516:Social media in the fashion industry
768:"Top fashion weeks around the world"
992:Fearon, Francesca (31 March 2014).
800:. Renaissance-spell.com. 9 May 2007
16:City that influences fashion trends
722:Heyman, Stephen (1 October 2014).
649:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 57.
14:
1209:http://research.ifdaq.com/cities/
741:Wetherille, Kelly (20 May 2013).
354:-based fashion intelligence firm
2193:
1358:History of clothing and textiles
1339:
774:. 2 January 2011. Archived from
724:"The Figures Behind the Catwalk"
358:under the leadership of fashion
197:in what would become modern-day
1291:Environmental impact of fashion
1050:Fashion Cultures Revisited 2013
1021:. Gbgiorgini.it. Archived from
463:Heubl, Ben (14 February 2020).
129:Definition of a fashion capital
1107:. Metrolopolitan Museum of Art
1019:"the birth of italian fashion"
622:. A&C Black. p. 115.
86:, fashion council awards, and
1:
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247:on the throne (from 1837),
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1363:History of Western fashion
595:. Routledge. p. 129.
228:Progressing into the late
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1368:History of fashion design
1337:
1277:Index of fashion articles
1274:
1156:Staff (17 January 2012).
844:Godart, Frédéric (2014),
824:fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu
643:Godart, Frédéric (2012).
1748:British country clothing
1306:Fashion design copyright
1126:staff (2 January 2011).
998:South China Morning Post
589:Bradford, Julie (2014).
2107:Anti-sweatshop movement
259:20th century and beyond
253:Charles Frederick Worth
2158:Chinoiserie in fashion
1047:; et al. (2013).
743:"Retail Meccas: Tokyo"
616:Dillon, Susan (2011).
313:
272:
71:
52:
40:
1494:Fashion merchandising
862:10.1386/infs.1.1.39_1
798:"Renaissance Fashion"
494:fashionweekonline.com
303:
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195:different city-states
58:
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37:New York Fashion Week
24:
2069:South Korean fashion
1531:Trickle-down fashion
1469:Fashion illustration
1454:Fashion entrepreneur
1331:Semiotics of fashion
68:German reunification
2117:Sustainable fashion
2084:Vietnamese clothing
1615:Western dress codes
1489:Fashion photography
1464:Fashion forecasting
1075:"Japan Fashion Now"
533:The Atlantic Cities
441:. Fashion United UK
304:"Swinging London,"
60:Berlin Fashion Week
2231:History of fashion
2200:Fashion portal
2148:Ballet and fashion
2132:Zero-waste fashion
1848:Sportswear fashion
1526:Trickle-up fashion
1511:Red carpet fashion
1479:Fashion journalism
1474:Fashion influencer
1025:on 16 October 2011
703:on 30 October 2014
677:on 30 October 2014
592:Fashion Journalism
384:US-China trade war
314:
273:
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49:Milan Fashion Week
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2175:Music and fashion
1985:
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1935:Thrift store chic
1763:Cruise collection
1725:
1724:
1650:Black lounge suit
1434:Designer clothing
1429:Clothing industry
1296:Fashion accessory
1137:on 5 January 2011
886:Johnstone, Lucy.
778:on 5 January 2011
330:Comme des Garçons
95:fashion designers
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2197:
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2153:Capsule wardrobe
2112:Circular fashion
2094:Fashion activism
2059:Nigerian fashion
2054:Japanese fashion
2012:Filipino fashion
2002:Canadian fashion
1997:American fashion
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1164:. Fashion United
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1133:. Archived from
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868:on 21 March 2016
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370:. The resulting
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269:Garment District
175:its fashion week
171:fashion industry
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2064:Russian fashion
2042:Italian fashion
2037:Israeli fashion
2032:Iranian fashion
2007:Chinese fashion
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1872:Vintage fashion
1860:Ghetto fabulous
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1439:Digital fashion
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402:Fashion tourism
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277:Golden Twenties
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191:Renaissance era
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1311:Fashion matrix
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728:New York Times
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539:on 15 May 2014
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316:In the 1980s,
306:Carnaby Street
260:
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245:Queen Victoria
241:British Empire
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179:fashion events
173:. Tokyo, with
140:design schools
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29:fashion models
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2102:Anti-fashion
2079:Thai fashion
1740:Smart casual
1660:Evening gown
1499:Fast fashion
1448:
1444:Fashion blog
1406:Fashion week
1401:Fashion show
1383:21st century
1378:19th century
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322:Issey Miyake
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1882:Alternative
1865:Bling-bling
1795:Young fogey
1645:Semi-formal
1540:Traditional
1484:Fashion law
946:Der Spiegel
752:18 December
360:sociologist
275:During the
267:New York's
88:trade fairs
2215:Categories
2163:Dress code
1990:By country
1975:Rockabilly
1838:Athleisure
1833:Sportswear
1813:Streetwear
1790:Teddy Boys
1773:Ivy League
1559:Diplomatic
1549:Ceremonial
1029:7 February
804:7 February
782:31 October
707:30 October
681:30 October
426:References
362:Professor
292:sportswear
243:and young
1930:Steampunk
1890:Androgyny
1702:Christian
1694:Religious
1655:Black tie
1638:Ball gown
1633:White tie
1521:Sweatshop
948:. SPIEGEL
890:. V&A
872:8 October
829:4 October
368:data lake
234:Louis XIV
62:in 2013.
31:walk the
2141:See also
2127:Trashion
1925:Skinhead
1895:Bohemian
1853:Surfwear
1843:Gorpcore
1682:Pantsuit
1667:Informal
1571:Military
1564:Academic
1542:clothing
1504:in China
1416:Industry
1269:articles
1189:Die Welt
474:29 March
390:See also
382:and the
203:Florence
151:New York
99:Big Four
2221:Fashion
2168:Undress
2047:History
1945:Greaser
1828:Hipster
1818:Hip hop
1712:Islamic
1586:Service
1350:History
1284:General
1267:Fashion
1079:2010–11
911:"Worth"
909:staff.
185:History
167:showbiz
80:fashion
47:A 2010
35:during
1955:Grunge
1940:Rocker
1915:Lolita
1910:Gothic
1905:Fetish
1823:Hippie
1768:Preppy
1731:Casual
1707:Jewish
1623:Formal
1598:Combat
1591:Sailor
1424:Awards
1393:Events
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445:24 May
380:Brexit
352:Vienna
281:Berlin
271:, 1955
249:London
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161:, and
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1970:Skate
1920:Queer
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219:Genoa
207:Milan
199:Italy
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51:event
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