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reverses the process, producing fatty acyl-CoA and carnitine. This shuttle mechanism is required only for longer chain fatty acids. Once inside the
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Long-chain acyl-CoA esters are substrates for a number of important enzymatic reactions and play a central role in the regulation of
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213:, the fatty acyl-CoA derivatives are degraded by a series of reactions that release acetyl-CoA and leads to the production of
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of several enzymes. To participate in specific metabolic processes, fatty acids must first be activated by being joined in
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Different enzymes are specific for fatty acids of different chain length. Then, the acyl-CoA esters are transported in
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316:"KEGG PATHWAY: Fatty acid biosynthesis - Reference pathway"
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229:. It requires 7 rounds of this pathway to degrade
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193:. Fatty acyl carnitine is then transported by an
263:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
255:Talley, Jacob T.; Mohiuddin, Shamim S. (2024),
123:The activation reaction normally occurs in the
225:pathway; oxidation, hydration, oxidation, and
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32:It has been suggested that this article be
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221:. There are four steps the in fatty acid
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73:are fatty acid derivatives formed of one
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257:"Biochemistry, Fatty Acid Oxidation"
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163:{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
356:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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16:Acyl CoA with a fatty acid tail
135:(ATP)-requiring reaction with
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207:carnitine acyltransferase II
203:inner mitochondrial membrane
201:to the inner surface of the
191:outer mitochondrial membrane
183:carnitine acyltransferase I
108:linkage (R-CO-SCoA) to the
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291:"Fatty Acids -- Overview"
81:linked to phosphorylated
408:Thioesters of coenzyme A
177:. They are converted to
66:, a fatty acyl-CoA ester
49:Proposed since May 2024.
170:R-CO-SCoA + AMP + PPi
141:adenosine monophosphate
137:fatty acyl-CoA synthase
120:is a high energy bond.
413:Mitochondrial proteins
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133:adenosine triphosphate
129:mitochondrial membrane
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62:Chemical structure of
197:in exchange for free
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150:R-COOH + CoASH + ATP
125:endoplasmic reticulum
102:allosteric regulators
71:Fatty acyl-CoA esters
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295:library.med.utah.edu
233:(a C16 fatty acid).
211:mitochondrial matrix
179:fatty acyl carnitine
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185:, an enzyme of the
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139:(CoASH), yielding
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297:. pp. 1–4
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131:. This is an
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358:expanding it
350:biochemistry
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323:. Retrieved
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299:. Retrieved
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272:, retrieved
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175:mitochondria
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397:Categories
325:2024-05-28
301:2024-05-28
274:2024-05-28
261:StatPearls
237:References
143:(AMP) and
114:coenzyme A
98:metabolism
91:cysteamine
85:(vitamin B
75:fatty acid
231:palmitate
227:thiolysis
199:carnitine
158:⇌
110:-SH group
106:thioester
269:32310462
205:. There
195:antiport
39:Acyl-CoA
189:of the
147:(PPi):
44:Discuss
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89:) and
34:merged
348:This
219:FADH2
36:into
354:stub
265:PMID
217:and
215:NADH
181:by
112:of
100:as
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79:AMP
42:. (
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282:^
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