286:, or the speech method, began to be favored in the education of the deaf in Finland. This led to the prohibition of sign language in schools, even under threat of punishment. And as a result of oralism, Finnish Sign Language and Finnish-Swedish Sign Language began to diverge. Despite the ban, students in deaf schools continued to use sign language secretly in dormitories. The use of sign language persisted within the deaf community, while spoken language learned in school was used when interacting with hearing individuals.
290:
and in 1995, sign language gained constitutional status. In 1991, the possibility of sign language education was written into the Basic
Education Act. The current Basic Education Act, as well as the latest curriculum framework for basic education in the 2014 Basic Education Curriculum, specify that "if necessary, education should be provided in sign language for the hearing impaired." Education in sign language is mandatory for deaf individuals who have learned sign language as their first language.
724:
210:, whereby deaf people were taught to speak oral Finnish, even if they could not hear it; thus older people are recorded under these figures. In 2014, only 500 people registered Finnish Sign Language as their first language. There are several sign languages that come under this label; FSL for those that can see; Signed Finnish, which does not follow the same
151:
4907:
289:
Society started to have a more positive attitude towards the deaf and sign language after the 1970s. Sign language became a tool for rehabilitation and education, and it began to be taught in courses for parents of deaf children. In 1979, interpreter services became part of disability legislation,
281:
used by Malm spread among
Finnish deaf individuals, evolving into its own language. The first association for the deaf in Finland was established in Turku in 1886. Albert Tallroth was involved in founding five different deaf associations and also the Finnish Association of the Deaf. By the late
218:
and deaf. Thus, there are around 8,000 people that use a
Finnish Sign Language linguistically. Many estimates say 5,000, but these are exaggerations derived from the 14,000 deaf people in Finland (many of whom do not speak Finnish Sign Language). Finnish Sign Language is derived from
160:
154:
158:
157:
153:
152:
159:
5260:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign
Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
156:
257:). Later, as research on sign languages in general and Finnish Sign Language in particular determined that sign languages tend to have a very different grammar from oral languages, the teaching of Finnish Sign Language and
227:
derived from
Finnish Sign Language, of which there are an estimated 90 speakers in Finland), from which it began to separate as an independent language in the middle of the 19th century.
5162:
823:
155:
1223:
1198:
968:
5177:
2461:
1006:
5167:
4351:
4306:
1328:
658:
One can study to become a sign language instructor at
Pohjois-Savo Folk High School in Kuopio, at Rovala-Opisto in Rovaniemi, and at Turku Christian Institute.
5198:
4363:
1414:
1409:
2691:
609:
651:, which also offers sign language teacher training. Additionally, it has been possible to complete basic studies in sign language and communication at the
790:
206:
alone, nearly all deaf people who sign are assigned this way and may be subsumed into the overall
Finnish language figures. Historically the aim was
5075:
4972:
840:
661:
Finnish Sign
Language can be studied at the Finnish Association of the Deaf Folk High School, adult education centers, and summer universities.
1191:
1165:
762:
5315:
1714:
1249:
5217:
4624:
1828:
5043:
820:
5320:
4670:
4248:
2412:
999:
4619:
3097:
1184:
947:
746:
249:
Courses in "sign language" have been taught in
Finland since the 1960s. At that time, instruction taught signs but followed Finnish
5116:
4726:
4695:
4614:
4263:
3066:
4417:
3466:
2727:
2701:
1568:
5222:
4716:
4609:
4296:
3882:
2936:
1775:
1580:
1492:
5325:
5136:
4099:
4094:
3006:
2363:
1628:
1149:
992:
648:
556:
231:
5212:
5070:
4358:
4214:
3964:
3715:
3419:
2317:
2206:
1847:
1615:
1455:
1375:
1352:
296:
137:
83:
4785:
4739:
4422:
4412:
4002:
3334:
3055:
3043:
2986:
2844:
2507:
2289:
2216:
1985:
1743:
1605:
5172:
4860:
4747:
3956:
3604:
1911:
1760:
547:
5282:
Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
4201:
4855:
4825:
4815:
4800:
4690:
4680:
4389:
4321:
4258:
4115:
3702:
3667:
3644:
3612:
3198:
3181:
2996:
2874:
2809:
2764:
2479:
2400:
2252:
1595:
1428:
1388:
1312:
5131:
4982:
4845:
4780:
4743:
4735:
4675:
4660:
4556:
4530:
4522:
4514:
4368:
4196:
4188:
4175:
4152:
4123:
4075:
3906:
3874:
3850:
3481:
3432:
3342:
3192:
3171:
3112:
3072:
3049:
3036:
3001:
2991:
2941:
2901:
2839:
2819:
2737:
2706:
2489:
1927:
1810:
1787:
1633:
1360:
1295:
979:
463:
4485:
2891:
2856:
2002:
787:
807:
5227:
5048:
4952:
4881:
4850:
4840:
4795:
4790:
4700:
4582:
4548:
4501:
4475:
4459:
4331:
4326:
4010:
3982:
3940:
3890:
3810:
3802:
3649:
3557:
3531:
3401:
3385:
3263:
3186:
3125:
2961:
2774:
2769:
2758:
2747:
2469:
2234:
2229:
2083:
2063:
1887:
1797:
1782:
1673:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1301:
930:
Takkinen, Ritva (2008). "The
Acquisition of Finnish Sign Language". In Klippi, Anu; Launonen, Kaisa (eds.).
254:
235:
5269:
both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
3744:
2674:
2666:
5262:
5242:
4967:
4835:
4830:
4810:
4805:
4665:
4601:
4535:
4467:
4427:
4381:
4373:
4316:
4311:
4270:
4238:
4209:
4183:
4144:
4049:
4044:
4018:
3922:
3834:
3768:
3752:
3731:
3694:
3686:
3659:
3588:
3580:
3565:
3549:
3541:
3523:
3499:
3489:
3471:
3276:
3247:
3242:
3176:
3077:
3031:
3016:
2976:
2850:
2834:
2829:
2752:
2732:
2636:
2497:
2474:
2371:
2260:
2224:
2185:
2164:
2118:
2104:
2068:
1898:
1842:
1818:
1765:
1755:
1724:
1623:
1590:
1440:
1365:
1318:
1282:
1272:
1218:
1084:
723:
565:
5266:
5022:
4962:
4820:
4685:
4655:
4493:
4336:
4301:
4243:
4167:
4157:
4136:
4064:
3974:
3948:
3935:
3930:
3914:
3858:
3842:
3826:
3723:
3710:
3636:
3628:
3570:
3476:
3458:
3445:
3414:
3393:
3377:
3358:
3350:
3268:
3150:
3138:
3107:
3102:
3087:
3060:
3026:
3011:
2981:
2946:
2928:
2881:
2799:
2779:
2652:
2333:
2307:
2201:
2180:
2159:
2143:
2088:
2078:
2032:
1862:
1792:
1729:
1704:
1665:
1657:
1638:
1575:
1527:
1445:
1393:
1306:
1288:
1277:
1063:
388:
322:
278:
220:
844:
273:, a Finnish deaf individual who had studied in Sweden, founded Finland's first school for the deaf in
5270:
4977:
4721:
4480:
4440:
4402:
4346:
4089:
4084:
4054:
3969:
3898:
3786:
3773:
3739:
3620:
3536:
3515:
3507:
3494:
3409:
3326:
3297:
3284:
3255:
3166:
3145:
3021:
2956:
2921:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2742:
2722:
2381:
2376:
2347:
2302:
2297:
2270:
2239:
2073:
2019:
1965:
1906:
1804:
1600:
1460:
1450:
1383:
1323:
1105:
1015:
821:
https://nettiopsu.utu.fi/opas/opintoKokonaisuus.htm?rid=12935&uiLang=fi&lang=fi&lvv=2012
258:
5202:
5146:
5062:
4650:
4540:
4432:
4407:
4341:
4162:
4128:
4107:
4059:
3866:
3818:
3794:
3778:
3596:
3575:
3453:
3318:
3310:
3292:
3117:
3092:
3082:
2971:
2966:
2951:
2886:
2869:
2814:
2804:
2425:
2265:
2138:
2027:
1770:
1537:
1532:
1482:
1266:
766:
652:
5193:
5091:
4572:
4397:
3654:
3424:
3305:
3205:
3130:
2824:
2275:
198:
who have Finnish Sign Language as a first language. As the Finnish system records users by their
971:(PDF download, in English) – contains useful information on the grammar of Finnish Sign Language
5096:
4757:
1124:
1071:
943:
918:
742:
215:
17:
5295:
5106:
5101:
4937:
4918:
1077:
1034:
1029:
935:
908:
239:
199:
175:
5232:
5027:
5007:
4886:
1057:
827:
794:
670:
270:
224:
203:
69:
5141:
5126:
5017:
5002:
4772:
1099:
238:. Finland then became the third country in the world to recognize a sign language as a
129:
5309:
5111:
5012:
4997:
4992:
4629:
1207:
1091:
866:
243:
183:
934:. Communication Disorders Across Languages. Multilingual Matters. pp. 175–205.
4987:
4932:
234:
as one of Finland's domestic languages in 1995 when it was included in the renewed
5121:
4891:
142:
939:
897:"Assessing vocabulary in deaf and hearing children using Finnish Sign Language"
5237:
4876:
4219:
4028:
3437:
2911:
1852:
716:
711:
695:
690:
250:
913:
896:
223:, which is a different language from Finnish Swedish Sign Language (which is
4762:
4731:
4587:
4023:
122:
106:
922:
788:
https://www.jyu.fi/hytk/fi/laitokset/kivi/opiskelu/oppiaineet/viittomakieli
113:
4942:
4901:
4752:
4506:
974:
4577:
984:
283:
211:
207:
187:
165:
48:
5206:
4291:
1563:
1551:
274:
78:
4906:
149:
4896:
1176:
195:
3225:
1241:
1180:
988:
797:
Jyväskylän yliopisto, kielten laitos, suomalainen viittomakieli
765:(in Finnish). Viittomakielisen opetuksen portti. Archived from
269:
Finnish Sign Language can be traced back to the mid-1800s when
963:
969:
Draft Curriculum and Structure of Finnish Sign Language
737:
Salmi, Eeva; Laakso, Mikko (2005). "Helsingin kokous".
5163:
Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada
895:
Kanto, Laura; Syrjälä, Henna; Mann, Wolfgang (2021).
830:
Turun yliopiston humanistisen tiedekunnan opinto-opas
808:"Luokanopettajakoulutus | Jyväskylän yliopisto"
5186:
5155:
5084:
5061:
5036:
4951:
4917:
4869:
4771:
4709:
4638:
4600:
4565:
4449:
4281:
3991:
3676:
3367:
3232:
3218:
3159:
2715:
2690:
2651:
2634:
2506:
2488:
2460:
2424:
2390:
2362:
2316:
2288:
2251:
2215:
2194:
2173:
2152:
2131:
2097:
2056:
2047:
2017:
2000:
1983:
1944:
1920:
1827:
1742:
1713:
1691:
1656:
1614:
1550:
1520:
1491:
1469:
1427:
1402:
1374:
1248:
1232:
1158:
1137:
1117:
1050:
1043:
1022:
739:
Maahan lämpimään, Suomen viittomakielisten historia
136:
120:
104:
99:
66:
54:
44:
32:
164:A speaker of Finnish Sign Language, recorded in
5178:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
647:Sign language can be studied as a major at the
901:The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education
5168:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
1192:
1000:
964:Finnish Sign Language dictionary (in Finnish)
8:
27:Sign language most commonly used in Finland
4925:
3222:
2512:
2053:
1835:
1748:
1697:
1556:
1475:
1433:
1371:
1238:
1199:
1185:
1177:
1047:
1007:
993:
985:
292:
62:the same figure of 5,000 was cited in 1986
29:
912:
4973:Manually coded language in South Africa
683:
60:5,000 deaf and 15,000 total (2006)
1166:Institute for the Languages of Finland
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
607:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
564:
562:
555:
553:
546:
544:
534:
528:
526:
524:
518:
516:
514:
508:
506:
471:
469:
462:
404:
402:
400:
394:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
369:
367:
365:
359:
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
347:
341:
339:
337:
319:
317:
315:
313:
311:
309:
307:
7:
2010:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
741:. Kuurojen Liitto ry. p. 152.
610:São Tomé and Príncipe Sign Language
3323:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
2937:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
673:, founder of Finnish Sign Language
214:, and a version for those who are
25:
843:. Kuurojen Liitto. Archived from
4905:
4696:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
980:Report on Finnish Languages 2017
722:
232:recognized Finnish Sign Language
5286:
5277:
5255:
5223:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
4307:Far North Queensland Indigenous
2929:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
5044:Bilingual–bicultural education
4364:Western Torres Strait Islander
3438:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
1415:Western Torres Strait Islander
18:Finnish Sign Language language
1:
4116:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
3264:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
3126:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2875:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
2382:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
1150:Finland-Swedish Sign Language
557:Finland-Swedish Sign Language
329:
242:and the right to use it as a
5316:Swedish Sign Language family
2702:Providence Island (Provisle)
2352:North West Frontier Province
297:Swedish Sign Language family
4302:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
5342:
5173:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
4382:Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)
4312:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
3098:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
2952:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
2372:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
1766:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
940:10.21832/9781847690593-011
548:Cape Verdian Sign Language
5321:Sign languages in Finland
5251:
4928:
4418:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
2857:Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)
2667:Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)
2515:
2074:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
1838:
1751:
1700:
1569:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
1559:
1478:
1436:
1224:List by number of signers
1214:
867:"Viittomakielen opiskelu"
841:"Viittomakieli ammattina"
615:(c. 21st century–present)
577:
575:
551:(c. 20th century–present)
542:
540:
532:
530:
522:
520:
512:
510:
504:
502:
496:
494:
492:
484:
480:
478:
460:
450:
448:
446:
440:
438:
436:
428:
424:
422:
420:
414:
412:
410:
363:
361:
180:suomalainen viittomakieli
39:Suomalainen viittomakieli
37:
4983:Paget Gorman Sign System
4437:Samoa and American Samoa
3227:Sign languages by region
3012:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
2738:Albarradas Sign Language
2728:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
2561:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
2413:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
2377:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
1629:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
1243:Sign languages by family
464:Portuguese Sign Language
225:Swedish Finnish language
5228:Monastic sign languages
5076:Television shows (list)
5049:Manually coded language
4882:Hamburg Notation System
2675:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
1921:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
1644:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
1581:Northern Ireland (NISL)
975:Finnish Manual Alphabet
701:(subscription required)
649:University of Jyväskylä
255:Manually Coded Language
5199:CHCI chimpanzee center
4968:Manually coded English
4666:Henniker Sign Language
4332:Warumungu (Warramunga)
4317:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
3311:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
1219:List of sign languages
932:Research in Logopedics
914:10.1093/deafed/enaa032
566:Eritrean Sign Language
186:most commonly used in
179:
168:
5023:Signing Exact English
4963:Indian Signing System
4686:Plateau Sign Language
4060:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
3637:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
3167:Amami Shuwa languages
2840:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
2780:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2759:Caucasian (Harsneren)
2707:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
2235:Norwegian (Tegnspråk)
2207:French Belgian (LSFB)
1639:Swedish (Teckenspråk)
1145:Finnish Sign Language
712:Finnish Sign Language
691:Finnish Sign Language
473:Finnish Sign Language
389:Swedish Sign Language
323:British Sign Language
279:Swedish sign language
221:Swedish Sign Language
172:Finnish Sign Language
163:
143:Finnish Sign Language
89:Finnish Sign Language
33:Finnish Sign Language
5326:Languages of Finland
5271:French Sign Language
4978:Manually Coded Malay
4786:British (two-handed)
4722:Bimodal bilingualism
4352:Far North Queensland
3660:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
3182:Sri Lankan languages
3113:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
3017:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
2528:Chaticks si Chaticks
2508:Plains Sign Language
2426:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
1928:Indonesian (Bisindo)
1606:South African (SASL)
1329:Far North Queensland
1016:Languages of Finland
847:on 27 September 2007
769:on 27 September 2007
230:Finnish legislation
3193:Tanzanian languages
3172:Ethiopian languages
3139:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
2230:Icelandic (Táknmál)
1945:Francophone African
1903:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
1761:Swiss-German (DSGS)
1692:Chilean-Paraguayan-
889:Relevant literature
763:"Kuurojen historia"
653:University of Turku
5194:Baby sign language
5092:Jabbar Baghtcheban
4573:International Sign
4476:Brazilian (Libras)
4390:New Zealand (NZSL)
4337:Mudbura (Mudburra)
4265:Sandy River Valley
4244:Keresan (Keresign)
3835:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
3206:International Sign
3187:Sudanese languages
2810:Navajo/Diné Family
2624:Wíyut'a / Wíblut'e
2462:Original Thai Sign
2240:Danish (Tegnsprog)
1783:Brazilian (Libras)
1596:New Zealand (NZSL)
1044:Minority languages
1023:Official languages
826:2017-02-07 at the
793:2020-11-01 at the
190:. There are 3,000
169:
5303:
5302:
5296:extinct languages
5218:Legal recognition
5097:Jeanette Berglind
5057:
5056:
4758:Nonmanual feature
4671:Martha's Vineyard
4596:
4595:
4250:Martha's Vineyard
3745:Faroese (Teknmál)
3467:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
3277:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
3214:
3213:
3199:Zimsign languages
3177:Laotian languages
3061:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
2820:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
2765:Azerbaijani (AİD)
2686:
2685:
2284:
2283:
2127:
2126:
2043:
2042:
2033:Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)
1738:
1737:
1666:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
1652:
1651:
1546:
1545:
1516:
1515:
1423:
1422:
1278:Eltye eltyarrenke
1258:
1257:multiple families
1174:
1173:
1133:
1132:
720:(17th ed., 2013)
699:(18th ed., 2015)
637:
636:
633:
632:
569:(c. 1950–present)
560:(c. 1850–present)
476:(c. 1850–present)
467:(c. 1820–present)
392:(c. 1800–present)
212:grammatical rules
161:
148:
147:
16:(Redirected from
5333:
5290:
5281:
5259:
5147:Pierre Pélissier
5132:Thomas Gallaudet
5107:Thomas Braidwood
4938:Initialized sign
4926:
4909:
4394:Papua New Guinea
4297:Australian-Irish
4003:Plains Sign Talk
3883:Northern Ireland
3879:Northern Ireland
3402:Hong Kong (HKSL)
3223:
3002:Nicaraguan (ISN)
2917:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
2733:Albanian (AlbSL)
2513:
2327:Bangalore-Madras
2308:Israeli (Shassi)
2276:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
2186:Honduran (LESHO)
2054:
1912:Singapore (SgSL)
1848:Black ASL (BASL)
1836:
1776:Australian-Irish
1749:
1698:
1674:Hong Kong (HKSL)
1634:Portuguese (LGP)
1624:Eritrean (EriSL)
1557:
1476:
1434:
1372:
1256:
1239:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1178:
1108:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1066:
1048:
1009:
1002:
995:
986:
953:
926:
916:
882:
881:
879:
877:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
837:
831:
818:
812:
811:
804:
798:
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
759:
753:
752:
734:
728:
727:
726:
709:
703:
702:
688:
334:
331:
305:
304:
293:
240:natural language
200:written language
162:
132:
116:
109:
72:
30:
21:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5284:
5275:
5253:
5247:
5233:Tactile signing
5182:
5151:
5080:
5053:
5032:
5008:Signed Japanese
4954:
4947:
4920:
4913:
4887:Stokoe notation
4865:
4767:
4727:Phonology (ASL)
4705:
4640:
4634:
4592:
4561:
4460:Argentine (LSA)
4445:
4277:
4100:New Costa Rican
4095:Old Costa Rican
3995:
3993:
3987:
3871:North Macedonia
3672:
3363:
3298:Bamako (LaSiMa)
3228:
3210:
3160:Other groupings
3155:
3007:Old Costa Rican
2982:Burkina (Mossi)
2962:Mauritian (MSL)
2835:Ghardaia (AJSL)
2748:Argentine (LSA)
2711:
2693:
2682:
2647:
2630:
2502:
2484:
2456:
2420:
2386:
2358:
2319:
2312:
2280:
2247:
2217:Danish (Tegnic)
2211:
2190:
2169:
2148:
2123:
2098:Yugoslavic Sign
2093:
2064:Bulgarian (БЖЕ)
2049:
2039:
2028:Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)
2013:
2003:Hoailona ʻŌlelo
1996:
1979:
1966:Bamako (LaSiMa)
1947:(Françafrosign)
1946:
1940:
1916:
1888:Malaysian (BIM)
1830:
1823:
1798:Valencian (LSV)
1734:
1725:Paraguay (LSPY)
1716:
1709:
1693:
1687:
1648:
1610:
1542:
1512:
1487:
1471:
1465:
1429:Arab (Ishaaric)
1419:
1398:
1370:
1283:Iltyeme iltyeme
1254:
1251:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1210:
1205:
1175:
1170:
1154:
1129:
1113:
1104:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1062:
1039:
1018:
1013:
960:
950:
929:
894:
891:
886:
885:
875:
873:
871:Kuurojen Liitto
865:
864:
860:
850:
848:
839:
838:
834:
828:Wayback Machine
819:
815:
806:
805:
801:
795:Wayback Machine
786:
782:
772:
770:
761:
760:
756:
749:
736:
735:
731:
721:
710:
706:
700:
689:
685:
680:
671:Carl Oscar Malm
667:
645:
639:
614:
568:
559:
550:
475:
466:
391:
332:
327:
271:Carl Oscar Malm
267:
192:(2012 estimate)
150:
128:
112:
105:
95:
73:
70:Language family
68:
61:
57:
56:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5339:
5337:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5308:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5142:William Stokoe
5139:
5134:
5129:
5127:Valerie Sutton
5124:
5119:
5117:Abbé de l'Épée
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5067:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5028:Signed Swedish
5025:
5020:
5018:Signed Spanish
5015:
5010:
5005:
5003:Signed Italian
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4846:Serbo-Croatian
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4773:Fingerspelling
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4644:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4551:
4546:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4525:
4520:
4517:
4512:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4496:
4491:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4470:
4465:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4392:
4387:
4384:
4379:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4359:Western Desert
4356:
4355:
4354:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4256:
4253:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4210:American (ASL)
4207:
4204:
4202:Old Salvadoran
4199:
4194:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4178:
4173:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4139:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4079:
4072:
4069:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4050:Maritime (MSL)
4047:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4019:American (ASL)
4016:
4013:
4008:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3965:Central Taurus
3962:
3959:
3954:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3912:
3909:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3877:
3872:
3869:
3864:
3861:
3856:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3750:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3720:United Kingdom
3718:
3716:French Belgian
3713:
3708:
3705:
3700:
3697:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3555:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3516:Kazakh-Russian
3513:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3420:Indo-Pakistani
3417:
3412:
3407:
3404:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3383:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3032:Peruvian (LSP)
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2977:Miyakubo Shuwa
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2815:Dogon/Douentza
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2637:American (ASL)
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2498:Namibian (NSL)
2494:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2404:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2318:Indo-Pakistani
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2165:Tunisian (TSL)
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2119:Yugoslav (YSL)
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2105:Croatian (HZJ)
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1976:Sierra Leonean
1974:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1899:Filipino (FSL)
1896:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1843:American (ASL)
1839:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1819:Romanian (LSR)
1816:
1815:
1814:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1756:Algerian (LSA)
1752:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1717:Uruguayan Sign
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1705:Chilean (LSCh)
1701:
1695:
1694:Uruguayan Sign
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:Maritime (MSL)
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1456:Qatari Unified
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1403:Zendath Kesign
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1376:Western Desert
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1353:Worora Kinship
1350:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1262:
1260:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1138:Sign languages
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1054:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1004:
997:
989:
983:
982:
977:
972:
966:
959:
958:External links
956:
955:
954:
948:
927:
907:(1): 147–158.
890:
887:
884:
883:
858:
832:
813:
799:
780:
754:
747:
729:
704:
682:
681:
679:
676:
675:
674:
666:
663:
644:
641:
635:
634:
631:
629:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
605:
603:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
573:
571:
570:
563:
561:
554:
552:
545:
543:
541:
538:
536:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
500:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
486:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
470:
468:
461:
459:
457:
454:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
430:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
398:
396:
395:
393:
386:
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
373:
371:
370:
368:
366:
364:
362:
360:
358:
356:
354:
352:
350:
348:
345:
343:
342:
340:
338:
336:
318:
316:
314:
312:
310:
308:
301:
300:
266:
263:
259:Signed Finnish
146:
145:
140:
134:
133:
126:
118:
117:
110:
102:
101:
100:Language codes
97:
96:
94:
93:
92:
91:
76:
74:
67:
64:
63:
58:
55:
52:
51:
46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5338:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5250:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:Miscellaneous
5185:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:Organisations
5154:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:Laurent Clerc
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5102:Pär Aron Borg
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5013:Signed Polish
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:Signed German
4996:
4994:
4993:Signed French
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4950:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4717:Grammar (ASL)
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:International
4564:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:South America
4448:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:Rossel Island
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:Mount Avejaha
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4260:
4259:Navajo Family
4257:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4206:United States
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:South African
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Yoruban (YSL)
3144:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Bura (Burasl)
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:West African
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Ugandan (USL)
3106:
3104:
3103:Turkish (TİD)
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:Spanish (LSE)
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:Rossel Island
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3044:Qahveh Khaneh
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Mount Avejaha
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2947:Maltese (LSM)
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Atgangmuurniq
2868:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:Guinea-Bissau
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2451:Cepeda Peraza
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:Highland Maya
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2364:Japanese Sign
2361:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Flemish (VGT)
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:Mexican (LSM)
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:Italian (LIS)
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2089:Russian (РЖЯ)
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:Latvian (LSL)
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1793:Catalan (LSC)
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1730:Uruguay (LSU)
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:British (BSL)
1574:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1394:Ngaatjatjarra
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
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1208:Sign language
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949:9781847690593
945:
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748:952-5396-30-4
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287:
285:
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277:in 1846. The
276:
272:
264:
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260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
244:mother tongue
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
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217:
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209:
205:
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197:
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185:
184:sign language
181:
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53:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
5291:
5285:
5276:
5274:
5254:
5071:Films (list)
4988:Signed Dutch
4933:Contact sign
4378:Hawaii (USA)
4271:
4264:
4249:
4074:
4065:
3957:Swiss-German
3760:
3593:Saudi Arabia
3331:South Africa
3065:
3048:
2922:Somali (SSL)
2849:
2757:
2692:Providencia–
2671:Nesilextcl'n
2644:Oneida (OSL)
2606:Tickanwa•tic
2594:Schitsu'umsh
2576:Nųmą́khų́·ki
2490:Paget Gorman
2411:
2406:
2399:
2391:
2355:Punjab-Sindh
2303:Polish (PJM)
2298:German (DGS)
2174:Mexican Sign
2153:Italian Sign
2057:Russian Sign
2020:French (LSF)
1993:Oneida (OSL)
1907:Quebec (LSQ)
1892:Oneida (OSL)
1809:
1805:French (LSF)
1658:Chinese Sign
1643:
1616:Swedish Sign
1340:
1311:
1294:
1287:
1265:
1144:
1118:Unrecognized
1106:Mishar Tatar
1064:Finnish Kalo
931:
904:
900:
874:. Retrieved
870:
861:
849:. Retrieved
845:the original
835:
816:
802:
783:
771:. Retrieved
767:the original
757:
738:
732:
715:
707:
694:
686:
660:
657:
646:
638:
608:
472:
320:
288:
268:
248:
236:constitution
229:
202:, not their
191:
171:
170:
121:
88:
84:Swedish Sign
79:British Sign
38:
5213:Open Outcry
5137:Abbé Sicard
5122:Roger Fouts
4953:Signed Oral
4892:SignWriting
4740:Orientation
4710:Linguistics
4691:Pitha Pitha
4386:New Zealand
4322:Manjiljarra
4193:El Salvador
3953:Switzerland
3863:Netherlands
3703:Azerbaijani
3645:Old Bangkok
3585:Philippines
3273:Ivory Coast
3067:Sandy River
2805:Cuban (LSC)
2694:Cayman Sign
2543:Hinono'eino
2534:Coahuilteco
2519:Anishinaabe
2480:Old Bangkok
2401:Old Kentish
2330:Beluchistan
2290:German Sign
2271:Ho Chi Minh
2195:Old Belgian
2139:Dutch (NGT)
1878:Costa Rican
1771:Irish (ISL)
1715:Paraguayan-
1506:Palestinian
1389:Manjiljarra
1384:Kartutjarra
1319:Rdaka rdaka
1313:Pitha Pitha
333: 1760
5310:Categories
5238:Protactile
4877:ASL-phabet
4861:Portuguese
4763:Sign names
4748:Expression
4676:Old French
4661:Kalkutungu
4630:Name signs
4620:Literature
4557:Venezuelan
4531:Inmaculada
4523:Paraguayan
4515:Ecuadorian
4369:Yir Yoront
4220:Protactile
4197:Salvadoran
4189:Panamanian
4176:Nicaraguan
4153:Albarradas
4124:Guatemalan
4081:Costa Rica
4076:Old Cayman
4029:Protactile
3907:Portuguese
3875:Macedonian
3851:Lithuanian
3699:Azerbaijan
3668:Vietnamese
3625:Tajikistan
3613:Sri Lankan
3512:Kazakhstan
3482:Kafr Qasem
3433:Indonesian
3135:Mofu-Gudur
3073:Salvadoran
3050:Rennellese
3037:Inmaculada
2992:Mozambican
2942:Macedonian
2912:Kata Kolok
2902:Kafr Qasim
2861:Creole HSL
2612:Tsuu T'ina
2573:Niitsítapi
2567:Ni Mii Puu
2558:Maagiadawa
2522:Apsáalooke
2448:Trascorral
2132:Dutch Sign
1935:Yogyakarta
1895:Panamanian
1853:Protactile
1811:Old French
1788:Lithuanian
1744:Francosign
1361:Yir Yoront
1348:Warramunga
1296:Kalkutungu
1252:Aboriginal
1250:Australian
1051:Recognized
717:Ethnologue
696:Ethnologue
678:References
261:diverged.
251:word order
5294:indicate
4955:Languages
4856:Ukrainian
4816:Hungarian
4801:Esperanto
4732:Handshape
4701:Warluwara
4641:languages
4625:Profanity
4588:Signalong
4553:Venezuela
4549:Uruguayan
4502:Colombian
4456:Argentina
4327:Warlmanpa
4288:Australia
4226:Blackfeet
4215:Black ASL
4172:Nicaragua
4120:Guatemala
4112:Greenland
4035:Blackfoot
4024:Black ASL
3992:North and
3983:Ukrainian
3941:Valencian
3923:Slovenian
3891:Norwegian
3847:Lithuania
3811:Icelandic
3803:Hungarian
3650:Chiangmai
3621:Taiwanese
3609:Sri Lanka
3605:Singapore
3601:Singapore
3558:Mongolian
3532:Malaysian
3429:Indonesia
3398:Hong Kong
3386:Cambodian
3343:Tanzanian
3219:By region
2775:Bhutanese
2570:Niimíipuu
2552:Karankawa
2475:Hai Phong
2470:Chiangmai
2261:Hai Phong
2253:Viet-Thai
2115:Slovenian
2084:Mongolian
2050:Hungarian
1986:Hand Talk
1953:Ethiopian
1881:Dominican
1875:Cambodian
1670:Shanghai
1500:Jordanian
1493:Levantine
1472:Levantine
1357:Yan-nhaŋu
1342:Warluwara
1336:Warlmanpa
1302:Miriwoong
643:Education
182:) is the
123:Glottolog
107:ISO 639-3
4943:Mouthing
4919:Language
4902:ASLwrite
4826:Japanese
4781:American
4753:Mouthing
4744:Movement
4736:Location
4681:Old Kent
4647:Chilmark
4583:Monastic
4536:Peruvian
4519:Paraguay
4507:Provisle
4498:Colombia
4468:Bolivian
4428:Sinasina
4272:Henniker
4232:Cheyenne
4184:Chiriqui
4145:Honduran
4141:Honduras
4011:Belizean
3919:Slovenia
3903:Portugal
3769:Ghardaia
3753:Estonian
3732:Croatian
3695:Austrian
3687:Armenian
3641:Thailand
3589:Filipino
3581:Nepalese
3566:Ghandruk
3554:Mongolia
3550:Maldives
3546:Maldives
3542:Selangor
3528:Malaysia
3500:Miyakubo
3490:Japanese
3472:Ghardaia
3382:Cambodia
3339:Tanzania
3252:Cameroon
3248:Ghardaia
3243:Algerian
3078:Sinasina
2851:Henniker
2830:Ghandruk
2770:Belizean
2753:Armenian
2716:Isolates
2663:Kalispel
2660:A'aninin
2618:Wazhazhe
2615:Umatilla
2597:Shiwinna
2588:Piipaash
2537:Dane-zaa
2531:Cheyenne
2436:Yucatec
2407:Chilmark
2341:Calcutta
2225:Malagasy
2069:Georgian
1973:Nigerian
1970:Moroccan
1959:Ghanaian
1884:Jamaican
1870:Mandalay
1859:Bolivian
1829:American
1521:Possible
1503:Lebanese
1441:Egyptian
1307:Mudburra
1273:Djingili
1235:families
1233:Language
1125:Karelian
1078:Northern
923:33057687
824:Archived
791:Archived
665:See also
194:Finnish
130:finn1310
5292:Italics
5243:Tic-tac
5085:Persons
4921:contact
4870:Writing
4851:Spanish
4841:Russian
4796:Chilean
4791:Catalan
4656:Jaralde
4639:Extinct
4610:Grammar
4578:Makaton
4545:Uruguay
4511:Ecuador
4494:Chilean
4486:Ka'apor
4464:Bolivia
4282:Oceania
4168:Mexican
4158:Chatino
4137:Haitian
4066:Plateau
3996:America
3994:Central
3979:Ukraine
3975:Turkish
3949:Swedish
3936:Spanish
3931:Catalan
3915:Russian
3859:Russian
3855:Moldova
3843:Latvian
3827:Italian
3815:Ireland
3807:Iceland
3799:Hungary
3783:Germany
3761:Finnish
3757:Finland
3749:Estonia
3736:Denmark
3728:Croatia
3724:British
3711:Flemish
3707:Belgium
3691:Austria
3683:Armenia
3664:Vietnam
3629:Russian
3571:Jhankot
3524:Laotian
3477:Israeli
3459:Kurdish
3446:Persian
3415:Bengali
3394:Chinese
3378:Bengali
3359:Zambian
3351:Ugandan
3315:Senegal
3302:Nigeria
3269:Nanabin
3239:Algeria
3151:Zambian
3027:Persian
2933:Kisindo
2892:Ka'apor
2882:Jhankot
2800:Chatino
2653:Plateau
2635:Mixed,
2627:Wyandot
2621:Wichita
2609:Tháumgá
2591:Ppáⁿkka
2579:Nʉmʉnʉʉ
2555:Liksiyu
2546:Hiraacá
2525:Arikara
2392:Kentish
2334:Bengali
2244:Teknmál
2144:Gambian
2112:Serbian
2109:Kosovar
2048:Austro-
2018:Mixed,
2001:Mixed,
1984:Mixed,
1962:Guinean
1956:Chadian
1932:Jakarta
1863:Burmese
1831:(ASLic)
1528:Emirati
1446:Kuwaiti
1289:Jaralde
1159:Related
1035:Swedish
1030:Finnish
876:13 June
284:oralism
282:1800s,
265:History
208:oralism
188:Finland
176:Finnish
166:Finland
49:Finland
5207:Loulis
5203:Washoe
5037:Others
4836:Polish
4831:Korean
4811:German
4806:French
4651:Diyari
4615:Idioms
4472:Brazil
4441:Samoan
4403:Kailge
4347:Umpila
4292:Auslan
4255:Navajo
4239:Oneida
4235:Ojibwa
4180:Panama
4149:Mexico
4090:Brunca
4085:Bribri
4071:Cayman
4055:Quebec
4045:Oneida
4041:Ojibwa
4015:Canada
4007:Belize
3970:Mardin
3961:Turkey
3945:Sweden
3911:Russia
3899:Polish
3895:Poland
3887:Norway
3839:Latvia
3831:Kosovo
3791:Greece
3787:German
3774:French
3765:France
3740:Danish
3677:Europe
3617:Taiwan
3537:Penang
3508:Korean
3495:Koniya
3463:Israel
3410:Alipur
3374:Bengal
3355:Zambia
3347:Uganda
3327:Somali
3285:Kenyan
3256:Maroua
3233:Africa
3189:(~150)
3022:Penang
2967:M'bour
2957:Mardin
2907:Kailge
2897:Kajana
2866:Inuit
2790:Brunca
2785:Bribri
2743:Alipur
2723:Afghan
2679:Sqeliz
2564:Nakota
2442:Nohkop
2439:Chicán
2348:Nepali
2338:Bombay
1867:Yangon
1601:Samoan
1587:Fijian
1564:Auslan
1552:BANZSL
1509:Syrian
1470:Iraqi–
1461:Yemeni
1451:Libyan
1410:Meriam
1324:Umpila
1267:Diyari
1058:Romani
946:
921:
851:9 June
773:9 June
745:
335:–1900)
275:Porvoo
204:spoken
5063:Media
4821:Irish
4541:Sivia
4490:Chile
4433:Wanib
4408:Mehek
4374:Yolŋu
4342:Ngada
4163:Mayan
4133:Haiti
4129:Mayan
4108:Cuban
3927:Spain
3867:Dutch
3823:Italy
3819:Irish
3795:Greek
3779:Lyons
3633:Tibet
3597:Saudi
3576:Jumla
3562:Nepal
3504:Korea
3486:Japan
3454:Iraqi
3406:India
3390:China
3319:Mbour
3293:Tebul
3281:Kenya
3260:Ghana
3118:Wanib
3093:Tebul
3083:Sivia
2972:Mehek
2887:Jumla
2600:Sioux
2585:Palus
2582:Omaha
2445:Nohya
2344:Delhi
2266:Hanoi
1678:Macau
1538:Omani
1533:Saudi
1483:Iraqi
1366:Yolŋu
1100:Tatar
1092:Skolt
1085:Inari
299:tree
253:(see
216:blind
5265:and
4897:si5s
4527:Peru
4481:Cena
4398:Enga
4229:Cree
4104:Cuba
4038:Cree
3655:Thai
3520:Laos
3450:Iraq
3442:Iran
3425:Naga
3368:Asia
3306:Bura
3289:Mali
3195:(7+)
2997:Naga
2825:Enga
2795:Cena
2603:Taos
2549:Icāk
2540:Diné
2320:Sign
1072:Sámi
944:ISBN
919:PMID
878:2020
853:2008
775:2008
743:ISBN
321:Old
196:deaf
5267:BSL
5263:ASL
4602:ASL
936:doi
909:doi
714:at
693:at
138:ELP
114:fse
5312::
5287:^c
5278:^b
5273:.
5256:^a
5205:,
4746:/
4742:/
4738:/
4734:/
942:.
917:.
905:26
903:.
899:.
869:.
655:.
330:c.
246:.
178::
77:?
5298:.
5209:)
5201:(
4910:)
4904:(
1259:)
1255:(
1200:e
1193:t
1186:v
1008:e
1001:t
994:v
952:.
938::
925:.
911::
880:.
855:.
810:.
777:.
751:.
612:?
328:(
325:?
174:(
20:)
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