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suggesting that they were not actually executed. According to his theory, Crispus was exiled to Pola as a punishment for his adultery and committed suicide by poison there, and Fausta's death was caused by an attempt to induce abortion to get rid of an unwanted pregnancy that resulted from her affair.
758:
say that
Crispus was executed due to suspicions that he was involved in an illicit relationship with Fausta, but some scholars have been skeptical of this explanation. For instance, T. D. Barnes argues that as Crispus was based at Trier, and Fausta at Constantinople, they would not have had the
767:
makes its veracity doubtful. He does, however, note that
Constantine passed multiple laws on adultery in the same year, which may have been related to the deaths of Crispus and Fausta. On the other hand, David Woods accepts the belief that the two were thought to have had a relationship, while
564:
158:
771:
Pohlsander observed that
Crispus âmust have committed, or at least must have been suspected of having committed, some especially shocking offense to earn him a sentence of death from his own father.â J. W. Drijvers concludes that the true explanation will never be known.
662:. The 200 ships under the command of Crispus managed to decisively defeat the enemy forces, which were at least double in number. Thus Crispus achieved his most important and difficult victory which further established his reputation as a brilliant general.
759:
opportunity to have an affair. While Hans
Pohlsander considers Barnesâ argument to be invalid on the basis that Crispus was in the East for long enough, he suggests that the similarity of Zosimus' story to the myth of
665:
Following his navy activities, Crispus was assigned part of the legions loyal to his father. The other part was commanded by
Constantine himself. Crispus led the legions assigned to him in another victorious
643:
in 318, 320 and 323. Thus he secured the continued Roman presence in the areas of Gaul and
Germania. The soldiers adored him thanks to his strategic abilities and the victories to which he had led the
677:
left in the Empire. He honoured his son for his support and success by depicting his face in imperial coins, statues, mosaics, cameos, etc. Eusebius of
Caesaria wrote for Crispus that he is "an
650:
Crispus spent the following years assisting
Constantine in the war against by then hostile Licinius. In 324, Constantine appointed Crispus as the commander of his fleet which left the port of
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and in all regards comparable to his father,â going as far as to compare their relationship to God the Father and God the Son.
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2826:
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2316:
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64:
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Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
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While
Crispusâ year of birth is nowhere outright stated, he must have been born before 307. By that time, his mother
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The two victories were his contribution to the final triumph of his father over
Licinius. Constantine was the only
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In 326, Crispus' life came to a sudden end. On his father's orders he was executed, apparently without trial, at
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By October 322, Crispus was already married to a woman named Helena, as she bore him a child in that month. The
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in control of the entire empire. It is unclear what the legal status of the relationship Crispus's mother
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killed also, according to several sources in a hot bath or bathroom. Both Crispus and Fausta suffered
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Crispus became a popular tragic hero after the success of Bernardino Stefonio's neo-Latin tragedy
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500:, after a trial whose real circumstances are mysterious, Constantine executed Crispus at Pola (
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826:(1645). It was performed as an opera in Rome (1720) and London (1721), where it was entitled,
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356:) from March 317 until his execution by his father in 326. The grandson of the
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in control of the Roman EmpireâConstantine in the west and his brother-in-law
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454:. After his elevation to imperial rank, at which point he was also entitled
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737:, Crispus died through poison. Soon afterwards, Constantine had his wife
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1190:
Pohlsander, Hans A. (1984). "Crispus: Brilliant Career and Tragic End".
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was either dead or set aside, as his father Constantine was married to
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Crispus was leader in victorious military operations against the
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1414:
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between 318 and 323 and defeated the navy of Licinius I at the
682:
613:. Constantine appointed Crispus as Commander of Gaul. The new
36:
750:
The reason for these deaths remain unclear. The accounts of
561:, one of the most important Christian teachers of that time.
840:. The story is also retold and embellished in chapter 31 of
328:
1113:
Heros et orateurs. Rhetoriques et dramaturgie corneliennes
935:
933:
319:
824:
La Morte de Chrispe ou les maleurs du grand Constantine
474:, which honoured Crispus's military victories over the
1047:
1045:
1129:
Guthrie, Patrick (1966). "The Execution of Crispus".
331:
322:
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Constantine entrusted his eldest sonâs education to
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with her. After his death, Crispus was subjected to
325:
316:
2714:
2160:
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428:had with Constantine was; Crispus may have been an
365:, Crispus was the elder half-brother of the future
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
617:soon held residence in Augusta Treverorum (modern
893:
881:
632:recorded Constantineâs celebration of the event.
597:in the east. On 1 March 317, the two co-reigning
810:. The play was adapted for the French stage by
747:, their names being erased from inscriptions.
605:: Crispus, alongside his younger half-brother
524:wrote that Constantine had accused Crispus of
1426:
1232:Bernardinus Stephonius S.J. Crispus-tragoedia
412:won by Constantine forced the resignation of
8:
654:to confront Licinius' fleet. The subsequent
1175:. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.
460:("Prince of Youth"), the Latin rhetorician
388:between Constantine and his father's rival
1937:
1433:
1419:
1411:
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963:
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416:and his son, leaving Constantine the sole
138:
1256:
1192:Historia: Zeitschrift fĂźr Alte Geschichte
908:
906:
904:
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1234:. Rome: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.
1172:Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
975:
874:
703:
240:
1099:
1087:
1051:
1024:
1012:
343:300 â 326) was the eldest son of the
7:
1241:"On the Death of the Empress Fausta"
492:According to the Latin histories of
384:, part of the settlement ending the
178:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
2872:People executed by the Roman Empire
489:, for the years 318, 321, and 324.
350:, as well as his junior colleague (
25:
2852:Generals of Constantine the Great
589:By 313, there were two remaining
2857:Heirs apparent who never acceded
670:against the armies of Licinius.
306:
157:
41:
854:reworks the story in his novel
508:was also put to death, and the
171:
52:needs additional citations for
894:Jones, Martindale & Morris
882:Jones, Martindale & Morris
806:and Tarquinio Galluzzi's 1633
181:
174:
1:
2842:Executed ancient Roman people
914:Crispus Caesar (317-326 A.D.)
860:(1950), Crispus is innocent.
788:in 1597. Closely modelled on
784:, which was performed at the
658:was fought at the straits of
601:jointly proclaimed three new
479:
376:with him and with his cousin
340:
1211:Pohlsander, Hans A. (1996).
408:in 324, which with the land
27:Roman caesar from 317 to 326
2903:
2706:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2657:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2544:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
668:battle outside Chrysopolis
485:. Crispus was three times
29:
2862:4th-century Roman consuls
2782:
2679:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2647:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2472:Constantine IX Monomachos
1395:
1378:
1366:
1352:
1335:
1322:
1307:
1290:
1278:
1273:
578:the security of the State
504:) in 326. His stepmother
248:
239:
156:
146:
2822:Caesars (heirs apparent)
2642:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1230:Torino, Alessio (2008).
656:Battle of the Hellespont
406:Battle of the Hellespont
32:Crispus (disambiguation)
2867:Poisoned ancient Romans
2497:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2131:Tiberius II Constantine
1360:Amnius Anicius Julianus
1213:The Emperor Constantine
621:), regional capital of
609:, and his first cousin
2882:Sons of Roman emperors
2817:Ancient Roman generals
2812:4th-century executions
2652:Michael IX Palaiologos
1090:, p. 78–80.
786:Jesuit Collegio Romano
708:
581:
574:SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE
302:Flavius Julius Crispus
249:Flavius Julius Crispus
18:Flavius Julius Crispus
2832:Constantinian dynasty
2827:Constantine the Great
2746:Thessalonian emperors
2740:Trapezuntine emperors
2701:John VIII Palaiologos
2696:Manuel II Palaiologos
2667:John VI Kantakouzenos
2583:Andronikos I Komnenos
2420:Constantine Lekapenos
1448:and empresses regnant
1399:Sex. Anicius Paulinus
1239:Woods, David (1998).
1001:History of the Franks
847:Count Robert of Paris
812:François de Grenaille
696:
567:
422:Constantinian dynasty
410:Battle of Chrysopolis
392:. Crispus ruled from
2684:John VII Palaiologos
2632:Theodore II Laskaris
2492:Constantine X Doukas
2432:Nikephoros II Phokas
1326:Constantine Augustus
1311:Constantine Augustus
1115:, Geneva: Droz, 1996
816:L'Innocent malhereux
731:Sidonius Apollinaris
572:of Crispus, marked:
494:Ammianus Marcellinus
294:Greco-Roman religion
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
2615:Theodore I Laskaris
2600:Alexios III Angelos
2578:Alexios II Komnenos
2502:Romanos IV Diogenes
2457:Romanos III Argyros
2403:Romanos I Lekapenos
1356:Petronius Probianus
457:princeps iuventutis
209:326 AD (aged c. 26)
152:(1 March 317 - 326)
2734:Britannic emperors
2728:Palmyrene emperors
2662:John V Palaiologos
2605:Alexios IV Angelos
2554:Constantine Doukas
2549:Alexios I Komnenos
2537:Constantine Doukas
2520:Michael VII Doukas
2482:Michael VI Bringas
2048:Romulus Augustulus
1671:Trebonianus Gallus
1664:Herennius Etruscus
1446:Byzantine emperors
1390:Constantine Caesar
1347:Constantine Caesar
1331:Constantine Caesar
1282:Ovinius Gallicanus
1274:Political offices
1258:10.1093/gr/45.1.70
999:Gregory of Tours,
808:Defense of Crispus
727:Venetia et Histria
719:, in the Augustan
709:
706:¡crispvs¡nob¡caes¡
630:Codex Theodosianus
582:
449:Early Christianity
394:Augusta Treverorum
168:of Crispus marked:
2837:Damnatio memoriae
2789:
2788:
2627:John III Vatatzes
2573:Manuel I Komnenos
2312:Michael I Rangabe
2156:
2155:
1998:Petronius Maximus
1597:Severus Alexander
1565:Septimius Severus
1409:
1408:
1403:Valerius Proculus
1396:Succeeded by
1353:Succeeded by
1308:Succeeded by
1302:Licinius Augustus
1245:Greece & Rome
912:Hans Pohlsander,
830:, not to mention
820:Tristan l'Hermite
800:Alessandro Donati
744:damnatio memoriae
531:damnatio memoriae
471:Panegyrici Latini
468:preserved in the
299:
298:
253:
252:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2894:
2877:People from Pula
2637:John IV Laskaris
2610:Alexios V Doukas
2595:Isaac II Angelos
2561:John II Komnenos
2487:Isaac I Komnenos
2447:Constantine VIII
2437:John I Tzimiskes
2164:Byzantine Empire
1938:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1412:
1367:Preceded by
1323:Preceded by
1286:Caesonius Bassus
1279:Preceded by
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1078:, p. 53-54.
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735:Gregory of Tours
729:. According to
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2722:Gallic emperors
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2398:Constantine VII
2179:Constantine III
2166:
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2152:
2061:
2053:
1992:Valentinian III
1980:Constantius III
1974:Priscus Attalus
1958:Constantine III
1944:
1936:
1826:Valerius Valens
1771:
1763:
1609:
1601:
1560:Didius Julianus
1540:Marcus Aurelius
1457:
1449:
1439:
1405:
1401:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1374:Vettius Rufinus
1372:
1370:Acilius Severus
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1358:
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1111:Marc Fumaroli,
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1076:Pohlsander 1996
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1064:Pohlsander 1984
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1037:Pohlsander 1984
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988:Pohlsander 1984
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952:Pohlsander 1984
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611:Licinius Iunior
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522:Joannes Zonaras
518:Byzantine Greek
498:Aurelius Victor
482:
386:Cibalensean War
309:
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2299:
2294:
2292:Constantine VI
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2256:Theodosius III
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2201:Constantine IV
2198:
2193:
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2059:Eastern Empire
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2013:
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1994:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1954:
1948:
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1942:Western Empire
1935:
1934:
1927:
1915:Magnus Maximus
1911:
1909:Valentinian II
1906:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
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1843:
1841:Constantius II
1838:
1836:Constantine II
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1813:
1806:
1801:
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2689:Andronikos V
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2234:Justinian II
2229:Tiberius III
2219:Justinian II
2210:
2204:
2187:
2139:
2111:Anastasius I
2102:
2046:
2042:Julius Nepos
2034:
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2015:
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1996:
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1972:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1929:
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1891:
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1821:Maximinus II
1808:
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1545:Lucius Verus
1387:
1381:Roman consul
1379:
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1338:Roman consul
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1293:Roman consul
1291:
1251:(1): 70â86.
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469:
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430:illegitimate
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163:
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2802:290s births
2748:(1224â1242)
2742:(1204â1461)
2531:Konstantios
2408:Christopher
2381:Constantine
2371:Michael III
2352:Constantine
2335:Constantine
2317:Theophylact
2246:Philippicus
2196:Constans II
2121:Justinian I
2017:Severus III
1965:Constans II
1719:Claudius II
1695:Silbannacus
1642:Gordian III
1617:Maximinus I
1585:Diadumenian
464:composed a
378:Licinius II
2807:326 deaths
2796:Categories
2525:Andronikos
2513:Nikephoros
2462:Michael IV
2427:Romanos II
2347:Theophilos
2342:Michael II
2323:Staurakios
2307:Staurakios
2279:Nikephoros
2272:Artabasdos
2184:Heraclonas
2141:Theodosius
2099:Basiliscus
1859:Nepotianus
1852:Magnentius
1846:Constans I
1799:Severus II
1779:Diocletian
1724:Quintillus
1689:Aemilianus
1682:Volusianus
1627:Gordian II
1592:Elagabalus
1455:Principate
1100:Woods 1998
1088:Woods 1998
1052:Woods 1998
1025:Woods 1998
1013:Woods 1998
864:References
804:Ars Poetic
765:Hippolytus
559:Lactantius
538:Early life
512:historian
510:Late Greek
483: 319
452:Lactantius
445:Late Latin
435:Crispus's
402:Roman Gaul
390:Licinius I
87:newspapers
2887:Tetrarchy
2767:Classical
2752:Empresses
2736:(286â296)
2730:(267â273)
2724:(260â274)
2467:Michael V
2393:Alexander
2206:Heraclius
2174:Heraclius
2126:Justin II
2036:Glycerius
2023:Anthemius
1893:Procopius
1831:Martinian
1810:Maxentius
1739:Florianus
1712:Saloninus
1707:Gallienus
1676:Hostilian
1652:Philip II
1622:Gordian I
1570:Caracalla
1505:Vespasian
1500:Vitellius
1167:J. Morris
869:Citations
844:'s novel
832:Donizetti
689:Execution
679:Imperator
544:Minervina
466:panegyric
426:Minervina
284:Minervina
117:July 2008
76:"Crispus"
2762:Usurpers
2757:Augustae
2715:See also
2620:Nicholas
2442:Basil II
2239:Tiberius
2224:Leontius
2212:Tiberius
2189:Tiberius
2167:610â1453
2162:Eastern/
2116:Justin I
2069:Arcadius
2029:Olybrius
2011:Majorian
1952:Honorius
1931:Eugenius
1866:Vetranio
1816:Licinius
1789:Galerius
1784:Maximian
1769:Dominate
1759:Numerian
1729:Aurelian
1702:Valerian
1647:Philip I
1637:Balbinus
1632:Pupienus
1580:Macrinus
1555:Pertinax
1550:Commodus
1515:Domitian
1480:Claudius
1475:Caligula
1470:Tiberius
1465:Augustus
1169:(1971).
802:'s 1631
701:marked:
675:augustus
660:Bosporus
641:Alamanni
639:and the
623:Germania
603:caesares
595:Licinius
548:Maximian
516:and the
462:Nazarius
443:was the
441:rhetoric
420:and the
418:augustus
414:Licinius
367:augustus
359:augustus
290:Religion
177:crispus
2772:Eastern
2672:Matthew
2566:Alexios
2414:Stephen
2376:Basil I
2261:Leo III
2136:Maurice
2079:Marcian
2062:395â610
1986:Joannes
1945:395â480
1899:Gratian
1772:284â610
1754:Carinus
1734:Tacitus
1610:235â285
1530:Hadrian
1204:4435872
1151:1087057
1131:Phoenix
1123:Sources
850:. When
795:Phaedra
782:Crispus
761:Phaedra
756:Zonaras
752:Zosimus
699:solidus
652:Piraeus
599:augusti
591:augusti
570:solidus
520:writer
514:Zosimus
382:Serdica
259:Dynasty
235:Flavius
165:Solidus
142:Crispus
101:scholar
2847:Flavii
2534:&
2510:&
2417:&
2388:Leo VI
2364:Thekla
2320:&
2287:Leo IV
2209:&
2148:Phocas
2104:Marcus
2089:Leo II
2005:Avitus
1922:Victor
1887:Valens
1877:Jovian
1872:Julian
1744:Probus
1679:&
1659:Decius
1607:Crisis
1525:Trajan
1219:
1202:
1179:
1165:&
1149:
857:Helena
837:Fausta
790:Seneca
739:Fausta
717:Istria
637:Franks
615:caesar
585:Career
552:Fausta
526:incest
506:Fausta
476:Franks
374:caesar
353:caesar
280:Mother
270:Father
225:Helena
222:Spouse
216:Istria
200:Istria
193:c. 300
149:Caesar
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2330:Leo V
2297:Irene
2084:Leo I
1749:Carus
1520:Nerva
1510:Titus
1490:Galba
1442:Roman
1388:with
1345:with
1300:with
1200:JSTOR
1147:JSTOR
722:regio
619:Trier
437:tutor
432:son.
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