372:
1187:
1177:
61:
995:
75:
528:
900:
53:
983:
748:
512:
504:
97:
4791:
1199:
1074:
687:
443:
790:
2566:, Herodotus says that Armenian wine merchants in the fifth century BC could carry nearly 25 tons of wine along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to Babylon. Most wine histories say that Herodotus wrote that wine was transported in 'barrels made of palm tree wood' . But The Armenians didn't have the wood to make the barrels. Herodotus uses the term
2177:(dry groceries), such as flour or produce. Traditionally, a barrel is 196 pounds (89 kg) of flour (wheat or rye), with other substances such as pork subject to more local variation. In modern times, produce barrels for all dry goods, excepting cranberries, contain 7,056 cubic inches, about 115.627 L.
1024:
tends to affect the composition of this share. Drier conditions tend to make the barrels evaporate more water, strengthening the spirit. However, in higher humidities, more alcohol than water will evaporate, therefore reducing the alcoholic strength of the product. This alcoholic evaporate encourages
913:
are sometimes aged in barrels which were previously used for maturing wines or spirits. This is most common in darker beers such as stout, which is sometimes aged in oak barrels identical to those used for whiskey. Whisky distiller
Jameson notably purchases barrels used by Franciscan Well brewery for
2180:
In the northeastern United States, nails, bolts, and plumbing fittings were commonly shipped in small rough barrels. These were small, 18 inches high by about 10–12 inches in diameter. The wood was the quality of pallet lumber. The binding was sometimes by wire or metal hoops or both. This practice
268:. Wine was shipped in barrels of 119 litres (31 US gal; 26 imp gal). A barrel of oil, defined as 42 US gallons (35 imp gal; 160 L), is still used as a measure of volume for oil, although oil is no longer shipped in barrels. The barrel has also come into use as a
334:
in Alpine villages who stored their beverages in wooden casks bound with hoops. Pliny identified three different types of coopers: ordinary coopers, wine coopers and coopers who made large casks. Large casks contain more and bigger staves and are correspondingly more difficult to assemble. Roman
847:
standard whiskey barrel size worldwide. Some distillers transfer their whiskey into different barrels to "finish" or add qualities to the final product. These finishing barrels frequently aged a different spirit (such as rum) or wine. Other distillers, particularly those producing Scotch, often
884:
are aged in oak barrels to mellow its flavor. "Reposado" tequila is aged for a period of two months to one year, "Añejo" tequila is aged for up to three years, and "Extra Añejo" tequila is aged for at least three years. Like with other spirits, longer aging results in a more pronounced flavor.
1142:
Earlier, another size of whiskey barrel was the most common size; this was the 40 US gallons (33.3 imp gal; 151.4 L) barrel for proof spirits, which was of the same volume as five US bushels. However, by 1866, the oil barrel was standardized at 42 US gallons.
765:
is stored in 600-litre (130 imp gal; 160 US gal) casks made of North
American oak, which is slightly more porous than French or Spanish oak. The casks, or butts, are filled five-sixths full, leaving "the space of two fists" empty at the top to allow
256:, referring to a set capacity or weight of a given commodity. For example, in the UK and Ireland, a barrel of beer refers to a quantity of 36 imperial gallons (160 L; 43 US gal), and is distinguished from other unit measurements, such as
838:
Since the U.S. law requires the use of new barrels for several popular types of whiskey, which is not typically considered necessary elsewhere, whiskey made elsewhere is usually aged in used barrels that previously contained
American whiskey (usually
652:(high-density polyethylene) tanks. Wine can also be fermented in large wooden tanks, which—when open to the atmosphere—are called "open-tops". Other wooden cooperage for storing wine or spirits range from smaller barriques to huge casks, with either
1328:, with dry barrels, fluid barrels (UK beer barrel, US beer barrel), oil barrel, etc. The volume of some barrel units is double others, with various volumes in the range of about 100–200 litres (22–44 imp gal; 26–53 US gal).
610:. The presence of these compounds depends on many factors, including the place of origin, how the staves were cut and dried, and the degree of "toast" applied during manufacture. Barrels used for aging are typically made of French or American
2680:
288:, dating to 2600 BC, shows a wooden tub used to measure wheat and constructed of staves bound together with wooden hoops. Another Egyptian tomb painting dating to 1900 BC shows a cooper and tubs made of staves in use at the grape harvest.
591:, very little water evaporates and so most of the loss is alcohol, a useful trick if one has a wine with very high proof. Most beverages are topped up from other barrels to prevent significant oxidation, although others such as
964:
is marketed as having a "barrel-aged" flavor, and the syrup used to produce the beverage was originally aged in oak barrels when first manufactured in the 19th century. Whether the syrup continues to be aged in oak is unclear.
664:
will replace a certain percentage of its barrels every year, although this can vary from 5 to 100%. Some winemakers use "200% new oak", where the wine is put into new oak barrels twice during the aging process.
1268:. While wooden hoops could require barrels to be "fully hooped", with hoops stacked tightly together along the entire top and bottom third of a barrel, iron-hooped barrels only require a few hoops on each end.
659:
The tastes yielded by French and
American species of oak are slightly different, with French oak being subtler, while American oak gives stronger aromas. To retain the desired measure of oak influence, a
1218:
evenly in the material by making the container more curved. Barrels have reinforced edges to enable safe displacement by rolling them at an angle (in addition to rolling on their sides as described).
2794:
2688:
1150:, but the 42 US gallon size is still used as a unit of measurement for pricing and tax and regulatory codes. Each barrel is refined into about 20 US gallons (17 imp gal; 76 L) of
420:. These items required considerable craftsmanship to hold liquids and might be bound with finely-worked precious metals. They were highly valued items and were sometimes buried with the dead as
2924:
371:
835:
must "be aged in small wood for not less than three years", and "small wood" is defined as a wood barrel not exceeding 700 litres (150 imp gal; 180 US gal) capacity.
397:
and the staves were 38 mm (1.5 in) thick and featured grooves where the heads fitted. They had Roman numerals scratched on the surface of each stave to help with re-assembly.
2868:
246:
Early casks were bound with wooden hoops and in the 19th century these were gradually replaced by metal hoops that were stronger, more durable and took up less space.
3245:
848:
disassemble five used bourbon barrels and reassemble them into four casks with different barrel ends for aging Scotch, creating a type of cask referred to as a
389:
Empty casks were used to line the walls of shallow wells from at least Roman times. Such casks were found in 1897 during archaeological excavations of Roman
2906:
4379:
3170:
3038:
1186:
2791:
138:
Barrels have a variety of uses, including storage of liquids such as water, oil, and alcohol. They are also employed to hold maturing beverages such as
2755:
4289:
864:, which is typically aged in oak casks. The wood used for those barrels is selected because of its ability to transfer certain aromas to the spirit.
1093:
a particularly difficult substance to contain in staved containers. Oil coopers were probably the most skilled coopers in pre-industrial cooperage.
1176:
817:) must be stored for at least two years in new, charred oak containers. Other forms of whiskey aged in used barrels cannot be called "straight".
2931:
2980:
60:
3046:
2860:
2482:
2733:
3691:
3009:
4834:
3200:
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2165:
The modern US beer barrel is 31 US gallons (117.34777 L), half a gallon less than the traditional wine barrel (26 U.S.C. §5051).
4814:
4645:
3493:
2548:
994:
734:
490:
74:
2660:
2139:
containers of any size as barrels, in the UK this is strictly correct only if the container holds 36 imperial gallons. The terms "
4819:
4615:
4349:
4203:
4048:
3142:
4454:
770:
to develop on top of the wine. Sherry is also commonly swapped between barrels of different ages, a process that is known as
712:
468:
3120:
4565:
3518:
1135:, and permitted both British and American merchants to refer to the same unit, based on the old English wine measure, the
809:
Laws in several jurisdictions require that whiskey be aged in wooden barrels. The law in the United States requires that "
520:
2602:
4829:
3721:
935:
564:
2713:
4610:
4494:
3726:
3508:
1787:
1210:
a well-built wooden barrel on its side and allows the roller to change directions with little friction, compared to a
1136:
2734:"Canadian Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870) – Canadian Whisky, Canadian Rye Whisky or Rye Whisky (B.02.020)"
697:
453:
4854:
4253:
2155:
1828:
1823:
1811:
1271:
Wine barrels typically come in two hoop configurations. An
American barrel features six hoops, from top to center:
899:
257:
52:
918:
is aged in the barrel (usually steel) for a short time before serving. Extensive barrel aging is required of many
716:
701:
472:
457:
131:
is often used for large containers for liquids, usually alcoholic beverages; a small barrel or cask is known as a
4708:
4670:
4600:
4590:
3528:
3388:
3315:
3230:
2891:
2385:
2351:
2317:
2283:
2181:
seems to have been prevalent up till the 1980s. Older hardware stores probably still have some of these barrels.
649:
240:
1782:
for liquids (the corn gallon of 268.8 cubic inches for solids). In
Britain, the wine gallon was replaced by the
1264:. These are usually made of galvanized iron, though historically they were made of flexible bits of wood called
4859:
4849:
4595:
4464:
4063:
3483:
3453:
3343:
2777:
2966:
527:
364:
to hurl burning barrels of tar into besieged towns to start fires. The Romans also used empty barrels to make
2747:
843:). The typical bourbon barrel is 53 US gallons (200 L; 44 imp gal) in size, which is thus the
4824:
4625:
4248:
4168:
4028:
3556:
3193:
2571:
2390:
2356:
2322:
2288:
1650:
1337:
1155:
1027:
1000:
708:
464:
39:
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4053:
3756:
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982:
4773:
4723:
4703:
4650:
3983:
3933:
3656:
3651:
3310:
3300:
3275:
801:
and resting in a rack house for a period of typically 4 to 9 years (for good-quality bourbon), with the
335:
coopers tended to be independent tradesmen, passing their skills on to their sons. The Greek geographer
46:
2811:
869:
4844:
4743:
4605:
4133:
3448:
3280:
2925:"Whiskey Aging Warehouses and the Effects to Surrounding Residential Neighborhoods in Louisville, Ky"
1321:
1044:
976:
619:
308:
281:
673:
or added commercial oak flavoring instead of being aged in a barrel because of the much lower cost.
648:
Some wines are fermented "on barrel", as opposed to in a neutral container like steel or wine-grade
4839:
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4238:
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3958:
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1009:
540:
3017:
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from dwellings (so that it may be used for irrigation or other purposes). This usage, known as
119:
container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden
4763:
4748:
4620:
4540:
4535:
4449:
4424:
4409:
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68:
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2511:
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1215:
1064:
950:
is aged for three years in previously used oak whiskey barrels since its invention in 1868.
894:
810:
802:
630:, which imparts an unusual, minty-piney flavor. In Peru and Chile, a grape distillate named
572:
236:
219:
213:
147:
2143:" and "cask" refer to containers of any size, the distinction being that kegs are used for
1202:
A half-completed beer barrel; in wine barrel cooperage this set-up is called "mise en rose"
4738:
4733:
4713:
4635:
4555:
4510:
4474:
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201:
179:
143:
96:
64:
1291:, located between the quarter- and bilge hoops (see "wine barrel parts" illustration).
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1048:
1031:, which tends to appear on the exterior surfaces of most things in the immediate area.
607:
365:
3164:
1206:
Barrels have a convex shape and bulge at their center, called bilge. This facilitates
602:
Beverages aged in wooden barrels take on some of the compounds in the barrel, such as
307:
In Europe, buckets and casks dating to 200 BC have been found preserved in the mud of
4808:
4655:
4550:
4520:
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4459:
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1068:
947:
821:
560:
536:
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253:
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31:
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353:(barrels or wine-jars) were lined with pitch to stop leakage and preserve the wine.
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4228:
4158:
4148:
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4123:
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2226:
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2136:
1791:
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814:
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120:
82:
1101:
and other organic oils were also placed in wooden casks for storage or transport.
3032:
2538:
2472:
4580:
4545:
4419:
4208:
4083:
4068:
4033:
4013:
4003:
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3606:
3538:
3523:
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3112:
3087:
2414:"Oak Used To Create Casks For Aging Spirits Such As Made At Terebelo Distillery"
2256:
1775:
1086:
1017:
904:
751:
686:
637:
627:
584:
442:
421:
401:
312:
116:
1073:
587:, a portion known as the "angels' share". In an environment with 100% relative
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4640:
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4399:
4324:
4213:
4128:
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3953:
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undergo part of their fermentation process in their containers, called casks.
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394:
390:
196:
86:
35:
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1113:
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592:
519:
oak barrel with a capacity of 200,000 Champagne bottles was created for the
361:
289:
265:
175:
155:
2446:
1154:, the rest becoming other products such as jet fuel and heating oil, using
30:
This article is about the container. For use as a unit of measurement, see
223:) has been used. Someone who makes traditional wooden barrels is called a
4575:
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1303:
1287:(times two), while a French barrel features eight, including a so-called
1242:
1151:
1098:
1052:
1021:
915:
849:
825:
653:
615:
603:
588:
316:
261:
228:
79:
2379:
2345:
914:
their
Shandon Stout to produce a whisky branded as "Jameson Caskmates".
4314:
4309:
4258:
3968:
3716:
3571:
2930:. Louisville, Kentucky: Louisville, Kentucky government. Archived from
2579:
2311:
2277:
1207:
958:
881:
580:
544:
301:
285:
159:
101:
90:
2154:
Casks are available in several sizes, and it is common to refer to "a
17:
4728:
4113:
3811:
3676:
3641:
3636:
3611:
2790:"Casks (barrels, butts, punchons, pipes, barriques, and hogsheads)",
1818:
1799:
1795:
1779:
1325:
1013:
987:
861:
772:
762:
661:
596:
568:
548:
348:
336:
189:
Modern wooden barrels for wine-making are made of French common oak (
183:
167:
151:
2861:"Soda: The Dubious History (and Great Flavor) of Vernors Ginger Ale"
2769:
2515:
2432:
2413:
1104:
Wooden casks were also used to store mineral oil. The standard size
56:
Traditional oak barrels made by
Chilean cooperage Tonelería Nacional
2956:
330:(died 79 AD) reported that cooperage in Europe originated with the
4118:
4038:
3938:
3661:
1265:
1238:
1230:
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1125:
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502:
404:
Britain, wooden barrels were used to store ale, butter, honey and
370:
331:
300:
425 BC) allegedly reports the use of "palm-wood casks" in ancient
124:
95:
73:
59:
51:
2543:. Mariner books. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 109.
1025:
the growth of a darkly colored fungus, the angels' share fungus,
575:
where oxygen is deliberately added). Oxygen enters a barrel when
3948:
3888:
3626:
1299:
1226:
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910:
767:
755:
623:
556:
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405:
171:
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139:
3182:
2710:"ASIL Insight: WTO Protections for Food Geographic Indications"
1008:"Angels' share" is a term for the portion (share) of a wine or
4043:
3746:
3741:
3731:
3616:
3586:
2140:
1222:
1146:
Oil has not been shipped in barrels since the introduction of
680:
552:
436:
413:
409:
132:
3163:
1077:
Blue 55-US gallon (44 imp gal, 200 L) barrel (drum)
3178:
2578:
probably means 'Phoenician,' referring to a
Phoenician-type
2500:"The cask age: The technology and history of wooden barrels"
319:
has yielded one complete tub and a number of wooden staves.
304:, but some modern scholarship disputes this interpretation.
567:. When a wine or spirit ages in a barrel, small amounts of
2835:
571:
are introduced as the barrel lets some air in (compare to
408:. Drinking-containers were also made from small staves of
1774:
Pre-1824 definitions continued to be used in the US, the
1260:, and the rings that hold the staves together are called
820:
International laws require any whisky bearing the label "
174:. Other commodities once stored in wooden casks include
828:
for a minimum of three years and one day in oak casks.
1051:) adequate (waterproof) roof-covering and an adequate
2147:
intended to be served using external gas cylinders.
622:
are also used. Some Asian beverages (e.g., Japanese
4684:
4503:
4272:
3902:
3547:
3334:
3216:
2173:Barrels are also used as a unit of measurement for
805:
giving the bourbon its characteristic copper color.
356:Barrels were sometimes used for military purposes.
2892:"The mystery of the warehouse stains (Animacules)"
2378:
2344:
2310:
2276:
1294:The opening at the center of a barrel is called a
1248:The wooden parts that make up a barrel are called
975:"Angels' Share" redirects here. For the film, see
868:is aged only in oak casks made from wood from the
669:are sometimes more cheaply flavored by soaking in
78:Modern stainless steel casks and kegs outside the
1081:Wooden casks of various sizes were used to store
3246:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
1168:Cooper (profession) § Construction process
227:. Today, barrels and casks can also be made of
1237:in their openings. Before serving the beer, a
3194:
2609:, translated by John Bostock, H.T. Riley, Ed.
2570:to refer to the vessel holding the wine, and
1004:on bark, top, with an unaffected sample below
8:
3174:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1128:). This measurement originated in the early
1039:Water barrels are often used to collect the
754:with glass barrel head to show the layer of
4380:Hazard analysis and critical control points
1798:, which explains from where the quarter, 8
715:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
507:Wine barrels in Napa Valley, California, US
471:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
45:"Cask" redirects here. For other uses, see
3201:
3187:
3179:
2854:
2852:
2635:
2633:
872:and more often from the Limousin forests.
4290:Automatic identification and data capture
2675:
2673:
2477:. Linden Publishing Company. p. 91.
1020:during aging in oak barrels. The ambient
735:Learn how and when to remove this message
491:Learn how and when to remove this message
1809:
1335:
1302:. The latter is generally made of white
3135:"How big is the U.S. dry goods barrel?"
2268:
1778:of 231 cubic inches being the standard
938:is aged in a series of wooden barrels.
100:Wooden wine barrel at an exhibition in
3034:Ireland 1603–1702, Society and History
860:Maturing is very important for a good
2105:
2065:
2025:
1976:
1936:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
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1298:and the stopper used to seal it is a
1252:, the top and bottom are both called
531:Opened Japanese Sake barrel for move.
375:Pyramidal pile of herring barrels in
7:
3692:Flexible intermediate bulk container
2923:Byland, Hannah (September 4, 2012).
2399:participating institution membership
2365:participating institution membership
2331:participating institution membership
2297:participating institution membership
1790:later became the petrol barrel. The
1162:Barrel shape, construction and parts
713:adding citations to reliable sources
469:adding citations to reliable sources
2871:from the original on 5 January 2017
2716:from the original on 14 August 2007
990:aging produces fungus on the walls.
4676:Vertical form fill sealing machine
2135:Although it is common to refer to
25:
4646:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
3494:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
3113:"27 CFR 25.11 - Meaning of terms"
2412:Terebelo, Binyomin (2022-01-01).
1241:is hammered into the shive and a
824:" to be distilled and matured in
182:, fish, paint, honey, nails, and
4790:
4789:
4616:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
3145:from the original on 2012-09-26.
3123:from the original on 2017-07-09.
2969:from the original on 2005-09-05.
2912:from the original on 2016-03-03.
2812:"Tabasco Sauce History and Lore"
2801:. Accessed on December 17, 2015.
2780:from the original on 2015-01-03.
2758:from the original on 2015-01-03.
2736:. Accessed on December 15, 2010.
2658:Oak Barrels: French vs. American
2504:Packaging Technology and Science
1116:product (abbreviated bbl) is 42
685:
441:
211:), more exotic is mizunara oak (
4350:Electronic article surveillance
4204:Shock and vibration data logger
4049:Linear low-density polyethylene
2746:Lew Bryson (22 December 2008).
272:for a wooden cask of any size.
4455:Radio-frequency identification
3016:. 19 July 2005. Archived from
2537:Rogers, Adam (2014). "Aging".
1214:. It also helps to distribute
1049:rainwater barrel or water butt
535:An "ageing barrel" is used to
393:in Britain. They were made of
1:
4566:Extended core stretch wrapper
3519:Single-serve coffee container
3088:"English Beer and Ale Barrel"
2681:"27 C.F.R. sec 5.22(b)(1)(i)"
1802:or 64 (wine) gallons, comes.
946:The pepper mash used to make
380:
344:
340:
297:
293:
3722:Insulated shipping container
3010:"What's In A Barrel of Oil?"
2981:"Frequently Asked Questions"
1047:, requires (besides a large
936:Traditional balsamic vinegar
797:barrels are filled with new
758:floating atop the aging wine
636:is either aged in oak or in
565:traditional balsamic vinegar
347:24 AD) recorded that wooden
217:), and recently Oregon oak (
27:Hollow cylindrical container
4611:Material-handling equipment
4495:Verification and validation
3727:Intermediate bulk container
3509:Self-heating food packaging
2957:"Does oil come in barrels?"
2540:Proof: The Science of Booze
1320:A barrel is one of several
903:Beer barrels at the Munich
4876:
4835:Wine packaging and storage
4254:Time temperature indicator
2447:"Guinness Collectors Club"
1833:
1812:English brewery cask units
1313:
1165:
1089:. Its viscous nature made
1062:
998:The angels' share fungus,
974:
892:
44:
29:
4787:
4709:Environmental engineering
4671:Turntable stretch wrapper
4601:Lineshaft roller conveyor
4591:Injection molding machine
3529:Toothpaste pump dispenser
3389:Disposable food packaging
3231:Child-resistant packaging
2433:"Barrel Flavors from Oak"
2386:Oxford English Dictionary
2352:Oxford English Dictionary
2318:Oxford English Dictionary
2284:Oxford English Dictionary
2111:
2068:
2028:
1939:
1916:
1899:
1885:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1767:
1734:
1681:
1648:
1607:
1533:
1486:
1454:
1425:
1399:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
986:The angels' share in the
813:" (with the exception of
4815:Beer vessels and serving
4596:Label printer applicator
4465:Shearing (manufacturing)
4064:Low-density polyethylene
3484:Pharmaceutical packaging
3454:Low plastic water bottle
3344:Alternative wine closure
2890:Dixon, B. (March 2009).
2474:The Cooper and His Trade
563:; or (in smaller sizes)
254:standard size of measure
252:has also been used as a
34:. For the gun part, see
4820:Food storage containers
4626:Orbital stretch wrapper
4249:Temperature data logger
4169:Pressure-sensitive tape
4029:Humidity indicator card
3557:Aerosol spray dispenser
3171:Encyclopædia Britannica
2391:Oxford University Press
2357:Oxford University Press
2323:Oxford University Press
2289:Oxford University Press
1338:English wine cask units
1156:fractional distillation
1028:Baudoinia compniacensis
1001:Baudoinia compniacensis
205:), American white oak (
123:and bound by wooden or
40:Barrel (disambiguation)
4345:Die forming (plastics)
4054:Liquid packaging board
3757:Multilayered packaging
3489:Plastic milk container
3469:Optical disc packaging
2752:lewbryson.blogspot.com
2748:"Seen Through a Glass"
2207:Boxed wine (cask wine)
1203:
1191:
1181:
1078:
1005:
991:
907:
806:
759:
532:
524:
508:
386:
311:. A lake village near
282:Egyptian wall-painting
104:
93:
71:
57:
38:. For other uses, see
4774:Sustainable packaging
4724:Life-cycle assessment
4704:Closed-loop box reuse
4651:Seed-counting machine
3984:Corrugated fiberboard
3934:Biodegradable plastic
3657:Corrugated box design
3311:Sustainable packaging
3301:Shelf-ready packaging
3276:Packaging engineering
2859:López-Alt, J. Kenji.
2498:Twede, Diana (2005).
2162:) instead of a cask.
1201:
1190:Shaping barrel staves
1189:
1179:
1076:
997:
985:
902:
792:
750:
530:
521:1889 world exposition
514:
506:
374:
99:
77:
63:
55:
47:Cask (disambiguation)
4744:PET bottle recycling
4606:Logistics automation
4134:Plastic-coated paper
3281:Resealable packaging
3037:. Xlibris. pp.
2607:, Book XIV, Chap. 27
2451:The Guinness Coopers
1426:puncheons, tertians
1245:into the keystone.
1045:rainwater harvesting
970:
709:improve this section
465:improve this section
360:(100 to 44 BC) used
4830:Shipping containers
4796:Category: Packaging
4631:Packaging machinery
4440:Product development
4239:Tamper-evident band
4079:Modified atmosphere
3419:Foam food container
3031:Keenan, D. (2013).
2605:The Natural History
2389:(Online ed.).
2355:(Online ed.).
2321:(Online ed.).
2287:(Online ed.).
2217:Cooper (profession)
1814:
1794:was originally 256
1340:
395:Pyrenean silver fir
379:, the Netherlands,
315:dating to the late
4759:Reusable packaging
4719:Industrial ecology
4480:Ultrasonic welding
4445:Production control
4395:Injection moulding
4280:Aseptic processing
3989:Corrugated plastic
3859:Steel and tin cans
3829:Shipping container
3767:Packet (container)
3504:Seasonal packaging
3404:Evidence packaging
3384:Currency packaging
3379:Cosmetic packaging
3286:Reusable packaging
2797:2015-12-22 at the
2685:Ecfr.GPOAccess.gov
2663:2007-06-02 at the
2471:Kilby, K. (1989).
1810:
1359:puncheon, tertian
1336:
1332:English wine casks
1204:
1192:
1182:
1079:
1006:
992:
908:
870:Forest of Tronçais
807:
760:
533:
525:
509:
387:
105:
94:
72:
58:
4855:Liquid containers
4802:
4801:
4764:Reverse logistics
4749:Plastic recycling
4621:Multihead weigher
4541:Cartoning machine
4536:Cap torque tester
4450:Quality assurance
4425:Plastic extrusion
4390:Induction sealing
4360:Extrusion coating
4219:Staple (fastener)
4189:Security printing
4024:Hot-melt adhesive
3597:Biodegradable bag
3439:Glass milk bottle
3321:Tamper resistance
3261:Package pilferage
3236:Contract packager
3048:978-1-4797-7919-2
3020:on 30 April 2009.
2965:. 24 March 2005.
2603:Pliny the Elder,
2568:bikos phoinikeiou
2484:978-0-941936-16-3
2397:(Subscription or
2363:(Subscription or
2329:(Subscription or
2295:(Subscription or
2192:Bankruptcy barrel
2133:
2132:
1772:
1771:
1196:
1195:
1180:Wine barrel parts
977:The Angels' Share
833:Canadian whiskies
831:By Canadian law,
745:
744:
737:
541:distilled spirits
501:
500:
493:
433:Beverage maturing
368:to cross rivers.
69:Hackeberga Castle
16:(Redirected from
4867:
4793:
4792:
4779:Waste management
4769:Source reduction
4586:Industrial robot
4490:Vacuum packaging
4415:Package tracking
4370:Glass production
4330:Corona treatment
4320:Containerization
4184:Screw cap (wine)
4099:Oxygen scavenger
3562:Aluminium bottle
3514:Screw cap (wine)
3459:Luxury packaging
3291:Reuse of bottles
3256:Package delivery
3241:Edible packaging
3226:Active packaging
3203:
3196:
3189:
3180:
3175:
3167:
3147:
3146:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2987:. Archived from
2977:
2971:
2970:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2929:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2896:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2808:
2802:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2687:. Archived from
2677:
2668:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2559:
2557:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2431:Vierra, George.
2428:
2422:
2421:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2314:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2280:
2273:
2232:Drunkard's cloak
2222:Drum (container)
2014:
2013:
2009:
2006:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1845:Year designated
1815:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1341:
1172:
1171:
1085:on ships in the
1065:Drum (container)
1016:that is lost to
1010:distilled spirit
931:Balsamic vinegar
895:Barrel-aged beer
811:straight whiskey
740:
733:
729:
726:
720:
689:
681:
656:or round heads.
573:microoxygenation
496:
489:
485:
482:
476:
445:
437:
385:
382:
346:
342:
299:
295:
237:types of plastic
235:, and different
220:Quercus garryana
214:Quercus crispula
127:hoops. The word
21:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4860:Utility vessels
4850:Storage vessels
4805:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4783:
4739:Paper recycling
4734:Packaging waste
4714:Glass recycling
4686:
4680:
4636:Pallet inverter
4556:Conveyor system
4511:Barcode printer
4499:
4475:Track and trace
4430:Plastic welding
4365:Flame treatment
4335:Curtain coating
4268:
4089:Nonwoven fabric
4074:Metallised film
3979:Container glass
3906:
3904:
3898:
3874:Tub (container)
3772:Padded envelope
3543:
3369:Case-ready meat
3336:
3330:
3266:Package testing
3218:
3212:
3207:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2994:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2937:on May 10, 2013
2934:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2820:
2818:
2816:The Spruce Eats
2810:
2809:
2805:
2799:Wayback Machine
2792:Difford's Guide
2789:
2785:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2694:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2665:Wayback Machine
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2516:10.1002/pts.696
2497:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2187:
2171:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1808:
1784:imperial gallon
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1334:
1318:
1312:
1221:Casks used for
1170:
1164:
1091:sperm whale oil
1071:
1063:Main articles:
1061:
1037:
980:
973:
956:
944:
933:
928:
897:
891:
878:
858:
841:bourbon whiskey
799:bourbon whiskey
787:
782:
741:
730:
724:
721:
706:
690:
679:
646:
583:is lost due to
497:
486:
480:
477:
462:
446:
435:
430:
383:
366:pontoon bridges
328:Pliny the Elder
284:in the tomb of
278:
233:stainless steel
202:Quercus petraea
50:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4873:
4871:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4825:Gardening aids
4822:
4817:
4807:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4699:Can collecting
4696:
4694:Biodegradation
4690:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4666:Tape dispenser
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4516:Barcode reader
4513:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4485:Vacuum forming
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4375:Graphic design
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4295:Blow fill seal
4292:
4287:
4285:Authentication
4282:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4199:Shock detector
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4174:Pump dispenser
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4144:Plastic pallet
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4104:Package handle
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3919:Aluminium foil
3916:
3910:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3854:Stand-up pouch
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3797:Plastic bottle
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3702:Folding carton
3699:
3694:
3689:
3687:Euro container
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3667:Disposable cup
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:Antistatic bag
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3429:Fuel container
3426:
3424:Food packaging
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3349:Ammunition box
3346:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3316:Tamper-evident
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3165:"Barrel"
3162:, ed. (1911).
3160:Chisholm, Hugh
3154:
3153:External links
3151:
3149:
3148:
3126:
3104:
3079:
3054:
3047:
3023:
3001:
2972:
2948:
2915:
2905:(3): 104–105.
2882:
2848:
2836:"thùng gỗ sồi"
2827:
2803:
2783:
2774:iscbarrels.com
2761:
2738:
2726:
2701:
2669:
2650:
2648:Kilby, p. 102.
2641:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2595:
2586:
2549:
2529:
2510:(5): 253–264.
2490:
2483:
2463:
2438:
2423:
2404:
2370:
2336:
2302:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2170:
2167:
2158:" or "a kil" (
2131:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1807:
1804:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1709:
1706:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1585:
1570:
1555:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1511:
1508:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1333:
1330:
1314:Main article:
1311:
1308:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1163:
1160:
1060:
1057:
1036:
1033:
972:
969:
955:
952:
943:
940:
932:
929:
927:
924:
890:
887:
880:Some types of
877:
874:
857:
854:
786:
783:
781:
778:
743:
742:
725:September 2024
693:
691:
684:
678:
675:
645:
642:
628:Japanese cedar
499:
498:
449:
447:
440:
434:
431:
429:
426:
277:
274:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4872:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4797:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Shrink tunnel
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:Check weigher
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4521:Bottling line
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4470:Thermoforming
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4460:Roll slitting
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4405:Laser cutting
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4385:Hermetic seal
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4194:Security tape
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Polypropylene
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Packaging gas
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Shipping tube
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:Flexible tank
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:Package theft
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Overpackaging
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3068:
3064:
3063:"wine barrel"
3058:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2991:on 2008-11-04
2990:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2691:on 2012-08-17
2690:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2639:Kilby, p. 99.
2636:
2634:
2630:
2627:Kilby, p. 98.
2624:
2621:
2618:Kilby, p. 96.
2615:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2599:
2596:
2593:Kilby, p. 93.
2590:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2562:In book I of
2552:
2550:9780547897967
2546:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2464:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Barrel (unit)
2200:
2198:
2197:Barrel racing
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:= 4.621 L
1981:
1980:
1977:beer gallons
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1945:= 4.621 L
1944:
1943:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1806:Brewery casks
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1710:
1707:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1586:
1571:
1556:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1512:
1509:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:pipes, butts
1396:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1370:
1342:
1339:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1316:Barrel (unit)
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:; 159.0
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1070:
1069:Barrel (unit)
1066:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:Water storage
1034:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
1002:
996:
989:
984:
978:
971:Angels' share
968:
966:
963:
960:
953:
951:
949:
948:Tabasco sauce
942:Tabasco sauce
941:
939:
937:
930:
925:
923:
921:
917:
912:
906:
901:
896:
888:
886:
883:
875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
855:
853:
851:
846:
842:
836:
834:
829:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
804:
800:
796:
791:
784:
779:
777:
775:
774:
769:
764:
757:
753:
752:Sherry barrel
749:
739:
736:
728:
718:
714:
710:
704:
703:
699:
694:This section
692:
688:
683:
682:
676:
674:
672:
668:
663:
657:
655:
651:
643:
641:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:tabasco sauce
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
529:
522:
518:
513:
505:
495:
492:
484:
481:February 2024
474:
470:
466:
460:
459:
455:
450:This section
448:
444:
439:
438:
432:
427:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
378:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
358:Julius Caesar
354:
352:
351:
338:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
309:lake villages
305:
303:
291:
287:
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:
216:
215:
210:
209:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
192:Quercus robur
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
103:
98:
92:
88:
84:
81:
76:
70:
66:
62:
54:
48:
41:
37:
33:
32:Barrel (unit)
19:
4685:Environment,
4300:Blow molding
4229:Stretch wrap
4159:Polyethylene
4149:Plastic wrap
4139:Plastic film
4124:Paper pallet
4059:Living hinge
3964:Coated paper
3844:Spray bottle
3824:Security bag
3817:Water sachet
3807:Salvage drum
3802:Retort pouch
3707:Glass bottle
3602:Blister pack
3591:
3567:Aluminum can
3534:Water bottle
3434:Gas cylinder
3409:Field ration
3306:Shelf-stable
3169:
3138:
3129:
3116:
3107:
3096:. Retrieved
3094:. 2002-01-23
3091:
3082:
3071:. Retrieved
3069:. 2009-02-02
3066:
3057:
3033:
3026:
3018:the original
3013:
3004:
2993:. Retrieved
2989:the original
2984:
2975:
2960:
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2932:the original
2918:
2902:
2898:
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2865:Serious Eats
2864:
2839:. Retrieved
2830:
2819:. Retrieved
2815:
2806:
2786:
2773:
2764:
2751:
2741:
2729:
2718:. Retrieved
2704:
2693:. Retrieved
2689:the original
2684:
2653:
2644:
2623:
2614:
2604:
2598:
2589:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2554:. Retrieved
2539:
2532:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2473:
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2450:
2441:
2426:
2417:
2407:
2384:
2373:
2350:
2339:
2316:
2305:
2282:
2271:
2247:Storage tank
2242:Hoop rolling
2227:Drum handler
2179:
2172:
2164:
2153:
2137:draught beer
2134:
2117:= 4.546 L
2074:= 4.621 L
2066:ale gallons
2034:= 4.621 L
2026:ale gallons
1988:= 83.18 L
1985:= 41.59 L
1951:= 73.94 L
1948:= 36.97 L
1937:ale gallons
1773:
1319:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1281:quarter hoop
1280:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1220:
1205:
1145:
1141:
1130:Pennsylvania
1122:imp gal
1103:
1080:
1038:
1026:
1007:
999:
967:
957:
945:
934:
909:
879:
859:
844:
837:
830:
819:
815:corn whiskey
808:
771:
761:
731:
722:
707:Please help
695:
658:
647:
631:
601:
534:
487:
478:
463:Please help
451:
399:
388:
377:Scheveningen
355:
349:
321:
306:
279:
270:generic term
249:
248:
245:
218:
212:
208:Quercus alba
206:
200:
190:
188:
137:
128:
115:is a hollow
112:
108:
106:
83:microbrewery
4845:Oil storage
4581:Heat sealer
4546:Case sealer
4420:Papermaking
4340:Die cutting
4305:Calendering
4209:Shrink wrap
4084:Molded pulp
4069:Meat diaper
4034:Kraft paper
4014:Foam peanut
4004:Double seam
3974:Coextrusion
3944:Bubble wrap
3924:Bail handle
3869:Thermal bag
3792:Plastic bag
3607:Boil-in-bag
3539:Wine bottle
3524:Spray paint
3479:Popcorn bag
3474:Oyster pail
3359:Beer bottle
3117:cornell.edu
2576:phoinikeiou
2257:Wine barrel
2123:= 81.83 L
2120:= 40.91 L
2080:= 83.18 L
2077:= 41.59 L
2040:= 78.56 L
2037:= 39.28 L
1994:= 249.5 L
1991:= 166.4 L
1957:= 221.8 L
1954:= 147.9 L
1900:kilderkins
1776:wine gallon
1362:pipe, butt
1289:French hoop
1148:oil tankers
1120:(35.0
1087:age of sail
1059:Oil storage
1018:evaporation
954:Soft drinks
905:Oktoberfest
638:earthenware
585:evaporation
422:grave goods
402:Anglo-Saxon
384: 1940
313:Glastonbury
117:cylindrical
80:Castle Rock
67:barrels at
4840:Containers
4809:Categories
4661:Staple gun
4641:Palletizer
4531:Can seamer
4400:Lamination
4325:Converting
4214:Slip sheet
4129:Paperboard
3994:Cushioning
3954:Cellophane
3929:Bioplastic
3907:components
3894:Wooden box
3864:Tetra Brik
3787:Paper sack
3762:Multi-pack
3712:Gunny sack
3582:Bag-in-box
3549:Containers
3414:Flour sack
3399:Egg carton
3374:Coffee bag
3354:Banana box
3296:Shelf life
3098:2018-03-27
3073:2018-03-27
2995:2008-11-05
2821:2023-06-14
2720:2007-08-25
2695:2010-08-05
2456:13 January
2401:required.)
2367:required.)
2333:required.)
2299:required.)
2264:References
2129:= 245.5 L
2126:= 163.7 L
2086:= 249.5 L
2083:= 166.4 L
2046:= 235.7 L
2043:= 157.1 L
1861:hogsheads
1455:hogsheads
1285:bilge hoop
1277:chime hoop
1166:See also:
1133:oil fields
1118:US gallons
962:ginger ale
926:Condiments
920:sour beers
893:See also:
667:Bulk wines
654:elliptical
428:Uses today
391:Silchester
326:historian
266:kilderkins
239:, such as
87:Nottingham
36:Gun barrel
4754:Recycling
4561:Drum pump
4504:Machinery
4355:Extrusion
4273:Processes
4244:Tear tape
4234:Susceptor
4224:Strapping
4179:Screw cap
4154:Polyester
3999:Desiccant
3903:Materials
3884:Unit load
3839:Skin pack
3782:Paper bag
3652:Clamshell
3394:Drink can
3326:Wrap rage
3210:Packaging
3139:sizes.com
2770:"Barrels"
2524:110088268
2175:dry goods
2169:Dry goods
2160:kilderkin
2149:Cask ales
1829:kilderkin
1735:gallons (
1649:gallons (
1608:rundlets
1356:hogshead
1296:bung hole
1235:keystones
1114:petroleum
1112:or other
1110:crude oil
1099:seed oils
1095:Olive oil
1083:whale oil
1053:rain pipe
1041:rainwater
795:white oak
696:does not
671:oak chips
606:and wood
599:are not.
593:vin jaune
523:in Paris.
452:does not
362:catapults
343:64 BC to
290:Herodotus
262:hogsheads
195:), white
176:gunpowder
4687:post-use
4576:Heat gun
4526:Calender
4435:Printing
4264:Velostat
4259:Tinplate
4094:Overwrap
4019:Gel pack
4009:Flip-top
3914:Adhesive
3849:Squround
3752:Mesh bag
3737:Jerrycan
3682:Envelope
3622:Bulk box
3499:Sand bag
3464:Milk bag
3449:Juicebox
3364:Box wine
3337:packages
3143:Archived
3121:Archived
2967:Archived
2941:July 30,
2907:Archived
2869:Archived
2795:Archived
2778:Archived
2756:Archived
2714:Archived
2661:Archived
2572:McGovern
2418:Terebelo
2278:"barrel"
2237:Hogshead
2212:Cask ale
2185:See also
2109:gallons
2107:imperial
1917:firkins
1886:barrels
1839:hogshead
1737:imperial
1534:barrels
1487:tierces
1347:rundlet
1304:silicone
1212:cylinder
1152:gasoline
1022:humidity
916:Cask ale
850:hogshead
845:de facto
826:Scotland
793:Charred
616:chestnut
604:vanillin
589:humidity
543:such as
537:age wine
317:Iron Age
229:aluminum
148:armagnac
65:Mackmyra
4410:Molding
4315:Coating
4310:Canning
3969:Coating
3959:Closure
3717:Inhaler
3572:Ampoule
3444:Growler
3335:Product
3217:General
3039:111–112
2985:doe.gov
2899:Microbe
2875:3 April
2841:14 June
2580:amphora
2564:History
2556:30 June
2010:⁄
1940:(1454)
1879:⁄
1800:bushels
1796:gallons
1768:litres
1719:⁄
1701:⁄
1682:litres
1679:953.92
1676:476.96
1673:317.97
1670:238.48
1667:158.99
1664:119.24
1627:⁄
1595:⁄
1580:⁄
1565:⁄
1550:⁄
1521:⁄
1503:⁄
1471:⁄
1442:⁄
1416:⁄
1353:tierce
1350:barrel
1344:gallon
1266:withies
1258:headers
1208:rolling
959:Vernors
882:tequila
876:Tequila
785:Whiskey
780:Spirits
717:removed
702:sources
620:redwood
608:tannins
581:alcohol
545:whiskey
517:Mercier
473:removed
458:sources
302:Babylon
286:Hesy-Ra
276:History
258:firkins
160:whiskey
102:Croatia
91:England
4794:
4729:Litter
4571:Filler
4114:Pallet
3812:Sachet
3677:Endcap
3642:Carton
3637:Carboy
3612:Bottle
3592:Barrel
3219:topics
3045:
3014:ca.gov
2547:
2522:
2481:
2312:"cask"
2252:Tierce
2156:firkin
1834:barrel
1824:firkin
1819:gallon
1788:tierce
1786:. The
1780:gallon
1765:954.7
1762:477.3
1759:318.2
1756:238.7
1753:159.1
1750:119.3
1747:68.19
1744:4.546
1661:68.14
1658:3.785
1326:volume
1250:staves
1231:shives
1216:stress
1137:tierce
1106:barrel
1014:volume
988:sherry
866:Cognac
862:brandy
856:Brandy
822:Scotch
773:solera
763:Sherry
677:Sherry
662:winery
626:) use
614:, but
597:sherry
569:oxygen
549:brandy
350:pithoi
337:Strabo
296:484 –
264:, and
250:Barrel
225:cooper
184:tallow
170:, and
168:arrack
152:sherry
144:cognac
121:staves
109:barrel
18:Foeder
4119:Paper
4039:Label
3939:BoPET
3662:Crate
3092:Sizes
3067:Sizes
2962:Slate
2935:(PDF)
2928:(PDF)
2910:(PDF)
2895:(PDF)
2574:says
2520:S2CID
2395:
2380:"keg"
2361:
2346:"vat"
2327:
2293:
2145:beers
2112:1824
2069:1803
2029:1688
1322:units
1310:Sizes
1273:head-
1262:hoops
1254:heads
1239:spile
1229:have
911:Beers
644:Wines
633:pisco
577:water
551:, or
515:This
332:Gauls
324:Roman
125:metal
3949:Bung
3889:Vial
3879:Tube
3777:Pail
3672:Drum
3647:Chub
3632:Case
3627:Cage
3043:ISBN
2943:2014
2877:2017
2843:2023
2558:2024
2545:ISBN
2479:ISBN
2458:2024
1732:210
1729:105
1651:wine
1646:252
1643:126
1389:tun
1365:tun
1300:bung
1283:and
1233:and
1227:beer
1067:and
889:Beer
803:char
768:flor
756:flor
700:any
698:cite
650:HDPE
624:sake
618:and
595:and
557:beer
456:any
454:cite
418:pine
406:mead
322:The
241:HDPE
180:meat
172:sake
164:beer
156:port
140:wine
113:cask
4044:Lid
3905:and
3747:Keg
3742:Jug
3732:Jar
3617:Box
3587:Bag
2512:doi
2141:keg
2103:54
2100:36
2097:18
2063:54
2060:36
2057:18
2023:51
2020:34
2017:17
1974:54
1971:36
1968:18
1934:48
1931:32
1928:16
1792:tun
1726:70
1708:35
1690:15
1640:84
1637:63
1634:42
1616:18
1605:14
1324:of
1275:or
1256:or
1243:tap
1225:or
1223:ale
1108:of
1012:'s
711:by
612:oak
579:or
553:rum
467:by
416:or
414:yew
410:oak
400:In
280:An
197:oak
186:.
133:keg
129:vat
111:or
85:in
4811::
3168:.
3141:.
3137:.
3119:.
3115:.
3090:.
3065:.
3041:.
3012:.
2983:.
2959:.
2901:.
2897:.
2867:.
2863:.
2851:^
2814:.
2776:.
2772:.
2754:.
2750:.
2712:.
2683:.
2672:^
2632:^
2560:.
2518:.
2508:18
2506:.
2502:.
2449:.
2416:.
2383:.
2349:.
2315:.
2281:.
2094:9
2091:1
2054:9
2051:1
1999:1
1965:9
1962:1
1925:8
1922:1
1914:6
1911:4
1908:2
1905:1
1897:3
1894:2
1891:1
1868:1
1858:1
1739:)
1712:52
1694:26
1687:1
1653:)
1620:31
1613:1
1602:7
1539:1
1531:8
1528:4
1510:2
1492:1
1484:6
1481:3
1478:2
1460:1
1452:4
1449:2
1431:1
1423:3
1405:1
1397:2
1394:1
1386:1
1306:.
1279:,
1158:.
1139:.
1097:,
1055:.
922:.
852:.
776:.
640:.
559:;
555:;
547:,
539:;
424:.
412:,
381:c.
345:c.
341:c.
298:c.
294:c.
260:,
243:.
231:,
178:,
166:,
162:,
158:,
154:,
150:,
146:,
142:,
135:.
107:A
89:,
3202:e
3195:t
3188:v
3101:.
3076:.
3051:.
2998:.
2945:.
2903:4
2879:.
2845:.
2824:.
2723:.
2698:.
2667:.
2582:.
2526:.
2514::
2487:.
2460:.
2435:.
2420:.
2393:.
2359:.
2325:.
2291:.
2012:2
2008:1
2005:+
2003:8
1881:2
1877:1
1874:+
1872:1
1721:2
1717:1
1714:+
1703:4
1699:1
1696:+
1629:2
1625:1
1622:+
1597:3
1593:2
1590:+
1588:4
1582:2
1578:1
1575:+
1573:3
1567:3
1563:1
1560:+
1558:2
1552:4
1548:3
1545:+
1543:1
1523:3
1519:2
1516:+
1514:2
1505:3
1501:1
1498:+
1496:1
1473:2
1469:1
1466:+
1464:1
1444:3
1440:1
1437:+
1435:1
1418:2
1414:1
1411:+
1409:1
1126:L
979:.
738:)
732:(
727:)
723:(
719:.
705:.
494:)
488:(
483:)
479:(
475:.
461:.
339:(
292:(
199:(
49:.
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
