31:
233:
contempt or something else. the sender may express what he thinks about the receiver (you-statement) and how they get along (we-statement). Depending on which message the receiver hears with relationship ear, he feels either depressed, accepted or patronized. Good communication is distinguished by mutual appreciation.
232:
The relationship layer expresses how the sender gets along with the receiver and what the sender thinks and feels about the receiver. Depending on how the sender talks to the receiver (way of expression, body language, intonation ...) the sender expresses esteem, respect, friendliness, disinterest,
241:
The appeal or want contains what the sender wants the receiver to do or think. According to von Thun whoever states something, will also affect something. This appeal-message should make the receiver do something or leave something undone. The attempt to influence someone can be less or more open
206:
The factual level contains what the sender wants to inform about: On the factual level the sender of the news gives data, facts and information statements. It is the sender's task to send this information clearly and understandably. The receiver proves with the "Factual ear", whether the matter
165:
Every layer of a message can be misunderstood by itself. The classic example of Schulz von Thun is the front-seat passenger who tells the driver: "Hey, the traffic lights are green". The driver will understand something different, depending on the ear with which he will hear, and will react
198:".") The emphasis on the four layers can be meant differently and also be understood differently. So the sender can stress the appeal of the statement and the receiver can mainly receive the relationship part of the message. This is one of the main reasons for misunderstandings.
242:(advice) or hidden (manipulation). With the "appeal ear" the receiver asks himself: "What should I do, think or feel now?" For Example: "Mothers are very appeal-influenced by children. Mum! The shoes .... Yes! I'll be right there to put them on for you."
215:
The self revealing level contains what the sender would like to reveal about themselves; It contains information about the sender. It may consist of consciously intended self-expression as well as unintended
207:
message fulfills the criteria of truth (true/untrue) or relevance (relevant/irrelevant) and the completeness (satisfying/something has to be added). In a well-coordinated team, this usually runs smoothly.
224:). Thus, every message becomes information about the personality of the sender. The self-revealing ear of the receiver perceives which information about the sender is hidden in the message.
502:
Bünzli, Fabienne; Eppler, Martin J. (2024). "Spotlight on a
Thought Leader - How to Become an Effective Communicator: Schulz von Thun's Contribution to Business Communication".
469:
108:, that every message might reveal something about the sender, the receiver, and the request at hand. These models are part of the linguistic
60:. According to this model every message has four facets though not the same emphasis might be put on each. The four sides of the message are
626:
538:
594:
563:
141:
the speaker - deliberately or unintentionally - reveals something about him or herself, their motives, values, emotions etc.
631:
407:
582:
89:
57:
161:
contains the plea or desire, the advice, instruction and possibly the effects which the speaker is seeking.
621:
606:
428:
92:. It describes the multi-layered structure of human utterances. In it von Thun combined the idea of a
377:
151:
the speaker expresses, how the sender gets along with the receiver and what they think of each other.
146:
85:
69:
53:
531:
Pragmatics of human communication: a study of interactional patterns, pathologies, and paradoxes
128:
contains statements which are matter of fact like data and facts, which are part of the message.
590:
587:
Miteinander reden: Störungen und Klärungen. Psychologie der zwischenmenschlichen
Kommunikation
559:
534:
475:
465:
511:
217:
138:
97:
65:
100:, that every message contains content and relational facets, with the three sides of the
389:
371:
105:
462:
Miteinander reden 1. Störungen und Klärungen: allgemeine
Psychologie der Kommunikation
615:
383:
221:
101:
607:
Beschreibung des Vier-Seiten-Modells auf der
Website von Friedemann Schulz von Thun
30:
84:
The four-sides model also known as communication square or four-ears model is a
17:
515:
395:
333:
You do not know what the green item is, and that makes you feel uncomfortable.
109:
479:
362:
The other answers: "If you don't like the taste, you can cook it yourself."
133:
93:
401:
253:
The one who didn't cook says: "There is something green in the soup."
29:
529:
Watzlawick, Paul; Bavelas, Janet Beavin; Jackson, Don D (1967).
404: – Aspect of communication that is not explicitly announced
157:
73:
61:
556:
Theory of
Language: The Representational Function of Language
392: – Russian linguist (1896–1982): communication model
166:
differently. (On the matter layer he will understand the
380: – Proposed description of communication phenomena
398: – Utterance that serves a performative function
250:Two people are eating a home-cooked meal together.
220:, which is not conscious to the sender (see also
504:International Journal of Business Communication
353:I should only cook what you know in the future!
386: – Model of communication by Karl Bühler
8:
410: – Exchange of information among people
374: – German psychologist: Organon-Modell
431:(in German). Schulz von Thun Institut. n.d
56:postulated in 1981 by German psychologist
88:described in 1981 by German psychologist
72:between sender and receiver, and wish or
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
420:
194:the passenger reveals part of himself "
558:. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
343:You think my cooking is questionable.
96:(the second axiom) from psychologist
7:
460:Schulz von Thun, Friedemann (2008).
174:", he could also understand it as "
25:
464:. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt.
116:The four sides of communication
35:Graphic of the four-sides model
1:
190:, or if he hears behind it:
172:the traffic lights are green
627:Interpersonal communication
429:"das Kommunikationsquadrat"
408:Interpersonal communication
290:You should know what it is.
648:
583:Friedemann Schulz von Thun
90:Friedemann Schulz von Thun
58:Friedemann Schulz von Thun
27:Communication theory model
589:. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1981.
516:10.1177/23294884231224118
323:There is something green.
270:There is something green.
280:I don't know what it is.
237:The appeal or plea level
211:The self-revealing level
186:could hear a help like "
554:Bühler, Karl (2011) .
228:The relationship level
37:
329:Self-revealing layer:
276:Self-revealing layer:
120:Per Schulz von Thun
33:
632:Behavioural sciences
533:. New York: Norton.
378:Communication theory
46:communication square
339:Relationship layer:
300:Tell me what it is!
286:Relationship layer:
86:communication model
70:social relationship
54:communication model
188:I want to help you
38:
471:978-3-499-62407-0
358:
357:
305:
304:
202:The factual level
16:(Redirected from
639:
570:
569:
551:
545:
544:
526:
520:
519:
499:
484:
483:
457:
440:
439:
437:
436:
425:
316:
315:
263:
262:
42:four-sides model
21:
18:Four sides model
647:
646:
642:
641:
640:
638:
637:
636:
612:
611:
603:
579:
574:
573:
566:
553:
552:
548:
541:
528:
527:
523:
501:
500:
487:
472:
459:
458:
443:
434:
432:
427:
426:
422:
417:
368:
248:
239:
230:
218:self-disclosure
213:
204:
196:self-revelatory
192:I am in a hurry
139:self-disclosure
118:
98:Paul Watzlawick
82:
66:self-disclosure
50:four-ears model
44:(also known as
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
645:
643:
635:
634:
629:
624:
614:
613:
610:
609:
602:
601:External links
599:
598:
597:
578:
575:
572:
571:
564:
546:
540:978-0393010091
539:
521:
510:(2): 484–491.
485:
470:
441:
419:
418:
416:
413:
412:
411:
405:
399:
393:
390:Roman Jakobson
387:
381:
375:
367:
364:
360:
359:
356:
355:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
335:
330:
326:
325:
320:
319:Factual level:
312:
311:
307:
306:
303:
302:
297:
293:
292:
287:
283:
282:
277:
273:
272:
267:
266:Factual level:
259:
258:
247:
244:
238:
235:
229:
226:
212:
209:
203:
200:
184:"relationship"
176:Come on, drive
163:
162:
152:
142:
134:self-revealing
129:
117:
114:
81:
78:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
644:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
622:Communication
620:
619:
617:
608:
605:
604:
600:
596:
595:3-499-17489-8
592:
588:
584:
581:
580:
576:
567:
565:9789027211828
561:
557:
550:
547:
542:
536:
532:
525:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
486:
481:
477:
473:
467:
463:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
442:
430:
424:
421:
414:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
384:Organon model
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
369:
365:
363:
354:
351:
349:Appeal layer:
348:
347:
344:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
324:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
309:
308:
301:
298:
296:Appeal layer:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
271:
268:
265:
264:
261:
260:
256:
255:
254:
251:
245:
243:
236:
234:
227:
225:
223:
222:Johari window
219:
210:
208:
201:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
160:
159:
153:
150:
148:
143:
140:
136:
135:
130:
127:
126:Factual Level
123:
122:
121:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
102:Organon model
99:
95:
91:
87:
79:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
32:
19:
586:
577:Bibliography
555:
549:
530:
524:
507:
503:
461:
433:. Retrieved
423:
361:
352:
342:
332:
322:
299:
289:
279:
269:
252:
249:
240:
231:
214:
205:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:, or on the
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
155:
147:relationship
145:
132:
125:
119:
83:
49:
45:
41:
39:
372:Karl Bühler
106:Karl Bühler
616:Categories
435:2022-01-29
415:References
396:Speech act
110:speech act
80:Background
480:315969125
180:"command"
94:postulate
366:See also
310:Receiver
156:wish or
112:theory.
402:Subtext
246:Example
144:In the
131:In the
52:) is a
593:
562:
537:
478:
468:
257:Sender
168:"fact"
149:-layer
178:! ."-
591:ISBN
560:ISBN
535:ISBN
476:OCLC
466:ISBN
158:want
154:The
124:The
74:want
62:fact
40:The
512:doi
137:or
104:by
48:or
618::
585::
508:61
506:.
488:^
474:.
444:^
76:.
68:,
64:,
568:.
543:.
518:.
514::
482:.
438:.
170:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
