673:
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129:, Kraus entered into close connections with the opposition party, and kept up these relations for some time. In many anonymous or pseudonymous articles written for the Liberal press, he gave vent to his dissatisfaction with certain ecclesiastical conditions. The "Kirchenpolitische Briefe" in the "Beilage zur Allgemeinen Zeitung" (1895-9), written under the pseudonym of "Spectator", created a great sensation.
660:
629:
294:
The first edition of this church history was followed by the "Synchronistische
Tabellen zur Kirchengeschichte" (Trier, 1876) and "Charakterbilder aus der christlichen Kirchengeschichte" (5 parts, Trier, 1877), which were designated the fourth and fifth divisions of the ecclesiastical history, but had
286:
Kraus also published a number of works on church history. Notable among these is his "Lehrbuch der
Kirchengeschichte fur Studierende" (lst ed. in 3 parts, Trier, 1872-5; 4th ed., 1896, French translation: "Histoire de l'Eglise par F. X. Kraus traduite par P. Godet et C. Verschaffel" (4 vols. Paris,
144:
The
Catholic Encyclopedia describes Kraus as "a man of brilliant and versatile talents, a scholar of great learning, a clever and elegant writer, and, in spite of ill-health and the acute bodily sufferings of his closing years, an author of wonderful productivity, who delighted in his work."
46:
in 1840. He completed his studies in the Trier gymnasium, began his theology in 1858-60 in the seminary there, and finished it in 1862-64, having passed in France the time from the autumn of 1860 to the spring of 1862 as tutor in distinguished French families. He was ordained a priest by
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1891-2). The
Catholic Encyclopedia praises this work for its organization and narrative, but criticizes its author's liberal views. At the second edition of 1882, Kraus was compelled by the pope to withdraw and revise it. The revised edition appeared in 1887 with the ecclesiastical
184:, undertaken by Kraus, only the first volume appeared ("Opuscula", Trier, 1868). Another series of writings, published in the "Bonner JahrbĂĽcher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden" and in the "Serapeum", deals with particular features of the history and archeology of Trier.
54:, 23 March 1864. Even after he became a priest, he continued his studies in theology and philology at the universities of Tübingen, Freiburg — where he had received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1862, and received that of Doctor of Divinity in 1865 — and Bonn.
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near Trier, where he developed a zealous literary activity, interrupted by several journeys of the purpose of study to Paris, Belgium, and to Rome in
January 1870. In the spring of 1872 he was attached to the faculty of philosophy at the university of
269:, covering years of labour, he published "Dante. Sein Leben und sein Werk. Sein Verhältniss zur Kunst und Politik" (Berlin, 1897). Somewhat earlier he had published "Luca Signorelli's Ilustrationen zu Dante's Divina Commedia" (Freiburg, 1892).
70:
as
Professor ordinary of Church history at Freiburg. In 1890 he was made grand-ducal privy councillor, and held the office of pro-rector of the university for the period 1890-1. He was also curator of religious antiquities in the
272:
His collected "Essays" belong to Kraus's most brilliant literary efforts (vols. I and II, Berlin, 1896 and 1901); they are of a literary, historical, and political character, and the majority appeared originally in the
218:"Roma sotterranea: Die römischen Katakomben. Eine Darstellung der neuesten Forschungen, mit Zugrundelegung des Werkes von J. Spencer Northcote und W. R. Brownlow" (Freiburg, 1873; 2nd ed., 1879)
224:"Ueber Begriff, Umfang, Geschichte der christlichen Archaeologie und die Bedeutung der monumentalen Studien fuer die historische Theologie. Akademische Antrittsrede" (Freiburg, 1879)
738:
89:
209:"Die christliche Kunst in ihren frühesten Anfangen. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der neuesten Resultate der Katakomben-Forsehung populär dargestellt" (Leipzig, 1872)
156:), Kraus began his independent literary career with small works on the history of early Christian literature in the first centuries and the Middle Ages, among them:
187:
318:
Kraus also wrote some secular history, such as "Die
Erhebung Italiens im 19. Jahrhundert: Cavour" (Mainz, 1902 — "Weltgeschichte in Karakterbildern", vol. V).
118:. Other authors stress the social conservatism of Kraus, who was highly critical of modern mass mobilization by democratic parties, especially by the Catholic
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in general, and then to
Christian art in all its aspects, which became a central interest of his. His publications in this area include:
234:. Beschreibende Statistik im Auftrage des kalserlichen Oberpräsidiums von Elsass-Lothringen herausgegeben" (4 vols, Strasburg, 1876–92)
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299:"Briefe Benedicts XIV. an den Canonicus Francesco Peggi in Bologna 1727-1758" (Freiburg and TĂĽbingen, 1884; 2nd ed., 1888)
149:
539:
Liberaler
Katholik – Reformkatholik – Modernist? Franz Xaver Kraus (1840–1901) zwischen Kulturkampf und Modernismuskrise
212:"Ueber den gegenwärtigen Stand der Frage nach dem Inhalte und der Bedeutung der römischen Blutampullen "(Freiburg, 1872)
480:
Incorrupta monumenta ecclesiam defendunt. Studi offerti a mons. Sergio Pagano, prefetto dell'Archivio
Segreto Vaticano
497:
Arnold, Claus (2009). ""Religiös" versus "politisch" - Der "liberale Katholik" Franz Xaver Kraus über die Kardinäle
203:"Beiträge zur Trierischen Archaeologie und Geschichte. I, Der heilige Nagel in der Domkirche zu Trier" (Trier, 1868)
240:"Die Kunstdenkmäler des Grossherzogthums Baden" (vols. I — VI, 1, Freiburg, 1887-1904 — continued by other authors)
457:
Katholizismus als Kulturmacht. Der Freiburger Theologe Joseph Sauer (1872-1949) und das Erbe des Franz Xaver Kraus
258:"Die mittelalterlichen Wandgemälde im Grossherzogthum Baden" (with H. von Oechelhäuser, vol. I, Darmstadt, 1893)
304:
701:
311:(as editor) the tenth edition of Alzog's "Handbuch der allgemeinen Kirchengeschichte" (2 vols., Mainz, 1882)
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314:"Gedächtnissrede auf Johannes Alzog, Professor der Theologie an der Universitat Freiburg" (Freiburg, 1879)
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as professor extraordinary of the history of Christian art, and in the autumn of 1878 he succeeded
283:" — for whom Kraus had a particular veneration — and "Francesco Petrarca in seinem Briefwechsel".
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246:"Geschichte der christlichen Kunst" (vol. I and the first half of volume II (Freiburg, 1896–1900)
106:, whom he visited at Birmingham. The Catholic Encyclopedia characterizes him as inclined towards
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Arnold, Claus (2018). "Im Zentrum des reformkatholischen Netzwerks. Ein unerledigter Brief
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Liberaler Katholizismus. Biographische und kirchenhistorische Essays von Franz Xaver Kraus
280:
231:
160:"Ægidius von Rom" (in "Oesterreichische Vierteljahreschrift für kath. Theologie", I, 1862)
23:
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Kraus's literary leanings were directed especially towards Italy. After a close study of
176:"Ueber das Martyrium des h. Ignatius von Antiochien" ("Theol. Quartalschrift", LV, 1873).
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really the character of separate works. Other works of church history by Kraus include:
221:"Ueber das Studium der Kunstwissenschaft an den deutschen Hochschulen" (Strasburg, 1874)
683:
27:
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249:"Die Wandgemälde der St. Georgskirche zu Oberzell auf der Reichenau" (Freiburg, 1884)
31:
252:"Die Miniaturen des Codex Egberti in der Stadtbibliothek zu Trier" (Freiburg, 1884)
67:
173:"Der Briefwechsel Pauli mit Seneca" ("Theologische Quartalschrift", XLIX, 1867)
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63:
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Baroness of the Ripetta: Letters of Augusta Von Eichthal to Franz Xaver Kraus
261:"Die Wandgemälde der Sylvesterkapelle zu Goldbach am Bodense" (Munich, 1902).
237:"Real-Encyklopaedie der christlichen AlterthĂĽmer" (2 vols., Freiburg, 1882-6)
227:"Synchronistische Tabellen zur christlichen Kunstgeschichte" (Freiburg, 1880)
582:
KĂĽnstle, Karl. "Notice biographique et bibliographique sur F. X. Kraus." In
482:. Vol. I, 1. Vatican City: Archivio Segreto Vaticano. pp. 33–41.
167:
336:
243:"Die christlichen Inschriften der Rheinlande" (2 vols, Freiburg, 1890-4)
163:"Observationes criticae in Synesii Cyrenaei epistulas" (Sulzbach, 1863)
83:
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255:"Die Miniaturen der Manesseschen Liederhandschrift" (Strasburg, 1887)
632: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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76:
43:
191:
Franz Xaver Kraus. Relief portrait by Joseph von Kopf (1827-1903)
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F. X. Kraus, ein Lebensbild aus der Zeit des Reformkatholizismus
206:"Die Kunst bei den alten Christen" (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1868)
110:, especially regarding ecclesiastical polity, and involved with
102:
Kraus was a devout Catholic, and an admirer of the Cardinal
478:
an Franz Xaver Kraus (1901)". In Gottsmann, Andreas (ed.).
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Kraus formalized a distinction between "religious and
148:
After a few translations from the French (van Hemen,
22:(18 September 1840 – 28 December 1901) was a German
16:
German Catholic priest and art historian (1840-1901)
569:HĂĽrbin, Josef. "F. X. Kraus und die Schweiz." In
215:"Das Spottcrucifix vom Palatin" (Freiburg, 1872)
195:In this manner Kraus was led on to the study of
93:Gravesite of Kraus at the Hauptfriedhof Freiburg
706:Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg, Personenportal
702:"Franz Xaver Kraus - Biographie, Bibliographie"
170:" (in "Theologische Quartalschrift, XLVII, 1865
57:In the autumn of 1865 he became beneficiary of
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507:John Henry Newman. Kirchenlehrer der Moderne
739:19th-century German Roman Catholic priests
555:Grauert, Hermann. "Franz Xaver Kraus." In
279:; particularly noteworthy are the essays "
593:, New Series, XIII (1901-2), cols. 225-33
589:Sauer, Joseph. "Franz Xaver Kraus." In
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180:Of the edition of the "Opera omnia" of
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566:(Colmar, 1904; 2nd ed., Munich, 1905)
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648:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
509:. Freiburg: Herder. pp. 54–72.
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347:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
674:Works by or about Franz Xaver Kraus
525:Zur Erinnerung an Franz Xaver Kraus
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642:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
612:. TĂĽbingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
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341:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
75:, and from 1883 a member of the
749:German male non-fiction writers
584:Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique
608:Weber, Christoph, ed. (1983).
604:, V (Heidelberg, 1906), 424-42
42:Franz Xaver Kraus was born in
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638:Lauchert, Friedrich (1913). "
434:Ayers, Robert Curtis (2004).
754:German expatriates in France
335:Lauchert, Friedrich (1913).
308:, II (Cambridge, 1903), 1-35
127:First Council of the Vatican
440:. Cloudbank Creations Inc.
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52:Matthias Eberhard of Trier
338:"Franz Xaver Kraus"
459:. Paderborn: Schöningh.
305:Cambridge Modern History
230:"Kunst und Alterthum in
579:(1902, nos. 21, 22, 24)
79:Historical Commission.
577:Kölnische Volkszeitung
537:Graf, Michael (2003).
455:Arnold, Claus (1999).
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645:Catholic Encyclopedia
557:Historisches Jahrbuch
344:Catholic Encyclopedia
197:Christian archaeology
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134:political Catholicism
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602:Badische Biographien
596:Schrörs, Heinrich. "
586:, III (1902), 431-41
573:, I,2 (1904), 650-67
476:Friedrich von HĂĽgels
73:Grand Duchy of Baden
688:Deutsche Biographie
684:"Franz Xaver Kraus"
533:, CX (1902), 432-59
302:"Medicean Rome" in
168:Synesios von Kyrene
125:At the time of the
108:Liberal Catholicism
663:Works by or about
598:Franz Xaver Kraus.
562:Hauviller, Ernst.
531:Deutsche Rundschau
276:Deutsche Rundschau
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382:Arnold 1999
358:Arnold 2009
150:de Ravignan
122:in Baden.
112:Americanism
723:Categories
711:2020-08-22
693:2020-08-22
669:Wikisource
619:3484820578
548:3825864812
406:Ayers 2004
370:Weber 1983
322:References
289:imprimatur
154:Lacordaire
38:Early life
418:Graf 2003
116:Modernism
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267:Dante
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77:Baden
44:Trier
614:ISBN
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