73:(to donate) and originally meant 'a donation'. Such donations usually comprised earning assets, originally landed estates with serfs defraying dues (originally often in kind) or with vassal tenants of noble rank providing military services and forwarding dues collected from serfs. In modern times the earning assets could also be financial assets donated to form a fund to maintain an
382:
Many secular or religious ancient or modern charitable endowments of earning assets in order to maintain hospitals or homes for the elderly, for orphans, for widows, for the poor, for the blind or for people with other handicaps bear the name
1045:
E.g., about 10% of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen was in ecclesiastical respect part of the
Diocese of Verden. The northern part of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, the Niederstift, was part of the Diocese of Osnabrück in ecclesiastical
530:). The boundaries of secular prince-bishoprics did usually not correspond to that of the spiritual dioceses. Prince-bishoprics were always much smaller than the dioceses which included (parts of) neighbouring
366:, a governmental department, while others maintain their endowments independently or their endowments are administered by a collective body consisting of the noble families of a former principality (e.g.
54:
1314:
1260:): 33 vols. (1854–1971), vol. 18 'Stehung–Stitzig', Leipzig: Hirzel, 1941, cols. 2897seq., reprint: Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv; No. 5945), 1984.
1233:): 33 vols. (1854–1971), vol. 18 'Stehung–Stitzig', Leipzig: Hirzel, 1941, cols. 2895seq., reprint: Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv; No. 5945), 1984.
1028:): 33 vols. (1854–1971), vol. 18 'Stehung–Stitzig', Leipzig: Hirzel, 1941, cols. 2870seq., reprint: Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv; No. 5945), 1984.
1290:): 33 vols. (1854–1971), vol. 18 'Stehung–Stitzig', Leipzig: Hirzel, 1941, col. 2900, reprint: Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv; No. 5945), 1984.
1184:): 33 vols. (1854–1971), vol. 18 'Stehung–Stitzig', Leipzig: Hirzel, 1941, col. 2875, reprint: Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv; No. 5945), 1984.
1157:): 33 vols. (1854–1971), vol. 18 'Stehung–Stitzig', Leipzig: Hirzel, 1941, col. 2874, reprint: Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv; No. 5945), 1984.
1125:): 33 vols. (1854–1971), vol. 18 'Stehung–Stitzig', Leipzig: Hirzel, 1941, col. 2896, reprint: Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv; No. 5945), 1984.
1068:: 33 vols. (1854–1971), vol. 10 'H–Juzen', Leipzig: Hirzel, 1877, col. 1634, reprint: Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv; No. 5945), 1984.
374:). Some of these charitable institutions which previously accepted only female members of noble families now also accept residents from other social classes.
1098:: 33 vols. (1854–1971), vol. 3 'E–Forsche', Leipzig: Hirzel, 1862, col. 1099, reprint: Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv; No. 5945), 1984.
424:
158:(literally, the 'donation'), denotes in its original meaning the donated or else acquired fund of landed estates whose revenues are taken to maintain a
427:
for the theological education. The
Catholic church has similar institutions, such as the Wilhelmsstift, also in Tübingen. A modern example is the
294:
also existed with collegiate churches not being cathedrals, like with the
Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church in Berlin, now often translated as
462:
body of persons (originally canons or canonesses) who administered it and for the building (compound) they used to meet or live in. If the
574:
of
Cologne (Kurköln), Mainz (Kurmainz) and Trier (Kurtrier), which were simultaneously archbishoprics the corresponding expression is
468:
served or serves to maintain the specific college of a cathedral (a so-called cathedral chapter) then the building can be also called
1295:
1265:
1238:
1189:
1162:
1130:
1103:
1073:
1033:
487:
If a canon-law college or the chapter and/or the bishop of a cathedral managed not only to gain estates and their revenues as a
826:
493:
but also the feudal overlordship to them as a secular ruler with imperial recognition, then such ecclesiastical estates (
1319:
780:
320:
In some
Lutheran states the endowments of women's monasteries were preserved, with the nunneries converted into secular
883:
today usually takes the copulative "s" when used as a preceding compound. Composite terms frequently found are such as
743:
428:
288:) is in German an expression for churches with a college, thus actual cathedrals and collegiate churches alike,
758:, i.e. upper and lower prince-bishopric) with other territories in between. The German corresponding terms are
362:. In Lower Saxony the former endowments of many Lutheran women's convents are collectively administered by the
47:
1282:
1252:
1225:
1176:
1149:
1117:
1094:
1064:
1020:
600:
363:
202:
28:
1206:
774:
78:
603:) with feudal overlordship to (part of) their estates to gain imperial recognition as a principality (
205:, or later in revolutionary France and the areas later annexed to or influenced by Napoleonic France.
1324:
990:
535:
642:('of/pertaining to the city of Bremen'). The spiritual entities, the dioceses, are called in German
538:. Prince-bishoprics could also include areas belonging in ecclesiastical respect to other dioceses.
798:
408:
159:
88:
74:
367:
219:
survived and form still the endowments of modern mostly
Catholic monasteries, then often called "
173:
92:
117:
often also denotes the territory itself. In order to specify this territorial meaning the term
1329:
1291:
1261:
1234:
1202:
1185:
1158:
1126:
1099:
1069:
1029:
620:
498:
420:
258:
169:
108:
100:
96:
521:
355:
295:
136:
943:
810:
626:
455:
359:
324:
in order to maintain unmarried or widowed noble women (the so-called conventuals, German:
257:
as a fund served or serves to maintain the specific college of a cathedral (a so-called
1287:
1257:
1230:
1181:
1154:
1122:
1025:
596:
571:
531:
502:
176:
104:
60:
1308:
1089:
1059:
570:('arch-'), is the corresponding expression for a prince-archbishopric. For the three
494:
371:
236:
595:
Similar developments as to statehood allowed a number of monasteries (the so-called
666:
is not always clear to authors so that texts, even scholarly ones, often translate
459:
438:
396:
358:, but, in Denmark and the former West Germany, many continue to exist, such as the
389:, often combined with the name of the main donators or the beneficiaries, such as
201:
as endowments have been secularised in
Protestant countries in the course of the
1085:
1055:
862:
845:, the northerly part, in ecclesiastical respect part of the diocese of Osnabrück
416:
955:
854:
226:
181:
636:
meaning 'of/pertaining to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen', as opposed to
524:) as opposed to an area of episcopal spiritual jurisdiction, called diocese (
701:
515:
437:
is not ecclesiastical, but a civic charitable establishment maintaining the
351:
131:
17:
411:
with their endowments became sometimes the nuclei for secular educational
186:
723:
705:
412:
321:
1280:
Victor
Dollmayr, Friedrich Krüer, Heinrich Meyer and Walter Paetzel,
1250:
Victor
Dollmayr, Friedrich Krüer, Heinrich Meyer and Walter Paetzel,
1223:
Victor
Dollmayr, Friedrich Krüer, Heinrich Meyer and Walter Paetzel,
1174:
Victor Dollmayr, Friedrich Krüer, Heinrich Meyer and Walter Paetzel,
1147:
Victor Dollmayr, Friedrich Krüer, Heinrich Meyer and Walter Paetzel,
1115:
Victor Dollmayr, Friedrich Krüer, Heinrich Meyer and Walter Paetzel,
1018:
Victor Dollmayr, Friedrich Krüer, Heinrich Meyer and Walter Paetzel,
312:, is the main church of a town or a city, not always a Cathedral).
284:
926:
717:
695:
245:
endowment belongs to a collegiate church it is sometimes called
505:. The secular territory comprising the donated landed estates (
298:, though it never was the seat of a bishop, but endowed with a
704:
from German. In an ecclesiastical respect it simply denotes a
592:('of, pertaining to a prince-bishopric; prince-episcopal').
837:, the southerly Westphalian part with Münster in Westphalia
813:, Hessian and Thuringian part with Aschaffenburg and Erfurt
103:
of a diocese, formed a territory enjoying the status of an
580:(electorate-archbishopric). The adjective pertaining to
558:('high') literally meaning 'a high endowment', whereas
947:('high school financed with the funds of a collegiate
785:, southerly area west of the Rhine with Bonn and Brühl;
775:
Electorate-Archbishopric of Cologne (Kurerzstift Köln)
1014:
1012:
799:
Electorate-Archbishopric of Mainz (Kurerzstift Mainz)
1219:
1217:
1215:
907:('library financed with the funds of a collegiate
1276:
1274:
1143:
1141:
1139:
941:('conventual in a Lutheran women's endowment'),
919:('conventual in a Lutheran women's endowment'),
793:, a more northerly, separate area with Rheinberg
239:– as a synonym for an endowed monastery. If the
999:('diet of the estates of a prince-bishopric').
497:) formed a territorial principality within the
415:the former Augustinian collegiate endowment in
983:('subject/inhabitant of a prince-bishopric'),
850:Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht (Sticht Utrecht):
722:formed an administrative jurisdiction under a
534:such as principalities of secular princes and
612:Specific prince-bishoprics were often called
276:(i.e. 'cathedral donation '). However, since
8:
994:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
948:
936:
930:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
840:
832:
816:
804:
788:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
613:
604:
587:
581:
575:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
525:
512:
506:
488:
469:
463:
449:
432:
390:
384:
350:). Many of these convents were dissolved in
330:
299:
289:
277:
268:
262:
252:
246:
240:
230:
220:
214:
196:
190:
163:
153:
140:
124:
118:
112:
82:
68:
36:
889:('vassal nobility of a prince-bishopric'),
858:, the northerly territorially separate part
765:
759:
753:
747:
737:
1315:Prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire
694:In Danish, Norwegian and Swedish the term
654:('archdiocese'). The difference between a
407:Similar to the English development, where
746:, which consisted of two separate parts (
336:) or noble damsels' foundations (Danish:
328:), therefore called ladies' foundations (
991:estates of a prince-bishopric as a realm
316:Endowment for unmarried Protestant women
1008:
425:Evangelical State Church in Württemberg
821:, the westerly Rhenish part with Mainz
809:, the easterly territorially separate
395:(endowment for the elderly; see e.g.
46:
7:
929:with a prince-bishopric involved'),
81:. When landed estates, donated as a
599:) or regular canon colleges (e.g.
25:
971:'vassal tenant of an estate of a
866:, the southerly part with Utrecht
419:is maintained until today as the
716:At times in Nordic countries, a
423:, a foundation of the Lutheran
1:
736:In the Netherlands the term
458:– as the expression for the
378:General charitable endowment
145:for a prince-archbishopric.
827:Prince-Bishopric of Münster
744:Prince-bishopric of Utrecht
520:(analogously translated as
162:and the pertaining church (
67:) is derived from the verb
1346:
445:Collegial body or building
429:Freies Deutsches Hochstift
26:
935:('collegiate canoness'),
684:archdiocese/archbishopric
431:, which despite the term
877:As a component the term
742:is usually denoting the
441:in Frankfurt upon Main.
209:Ecclesiastical endowment
172:) and its collegiate or
718:
712:Territorial subdivision
696:
601:Berchtesgaden Provostry
995:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
959:('collegiate canon'),
949:
937:
931:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
841:
833:
817:
805:
789:
766:
760:
754:
748:
738:
690:Ecclesiastical diocese
678:incorrectly simply as
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
614:
605:
588:
582:
576:
566:
560:
554:
548:
542:
526:
513:
507:
489:
483:Territory of statehood
470:
464:
450:
433:
391:
385:
364:Klosterkammer Hannover
347:
341:
337:
331:
325:
300:
290:
278:
269:
263:
253:
247:
241:
231:
221:
215:
197:
191:
164:
154:
141:
125:
123:is then composed with
119:
113:
83:
69:
64:
37:
29:Stift (disambiguation)
1207:Hildesheim Stift Feud
829:(Hochstift Münster):
552:) is a compound with
403:Educational endowment
338:Adelige Jomfrukloster
79:charitable foundation
1283:Deutsches Wörterbuch
1253:Deutsches Wörterbuch
1226:Deutsches Wörterbuch
1177:Deutsches Wörterbuch
1150:Deutsches Wörterbuch
1118:Deutsches Wörterbuch
1095:Deutsches Wörterbuch
1065:Deutsches Wörterbuch
1021:Deutsches Wörterbuch
615:Hochstift/Erzstift X
536:Free Imperial Cities
501:with the rank of an
354:countries after the
91:of a monastery, the
27:For other uses, see
1320:Church organization
1203:Ermland Stift Feud
657:Hochstift/Erzstift
586:as a territory is
572:prince-electorates
564:, a compound with
511:) was thus called
478:Territorial entity
409:canon-law colleges
368:Neuenwalde Convent
282:(like the Italian
873:In compound nouns
700:was adopted as a
680:diocese/bishopric
621:Hochstift Ermland
499:Holy Roman Empire
308:, as the Italian
259:cathedral chapter
170:collegiate church
109:Holy Roman Empire
101:cathedral chapter
97:collegiate church
16:(Redirected from
1337:
1299:
1286:(started by the
1278:
1269:
1256:(started by the
1248:
1242:
1229:(started by the
1221:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1180:(started by the
1172:
1166:
1153:(started by the
1145:
1134:
1121:(started by the
1113:
1107:
1083:
1077:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1024:(started by the
1016:
998:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
952:
940:
934:
924:
918:
912:
906:
904:Stiftsbibliothek
900:
895:('official of a
894:
888:
882:
844:
836:
820:
811:Lower Franconian
808:
792:
769:
763:
757:
751:
741:
721:
699:
686:, respectively.
677:
671:
665:
663:Bistum/Erzbistum
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
617:
608:
591:
585:
579:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
529:
522:prince-bishopric
519:
510:
492:
473:
467:
453:
436:
394:
388:
356:Second World War
334:
303:
296:Berlin Cathedral
293:
281:
275:
267:is often called
266:
256:
250:
244:
235:is often used –
234:
224:
218:
200:
194:
167:
157:
144:
137:prince-bishopric
129:as the compound
128:
122:
116:
87:to maintain the
86:
72:
58:
57:
56:
50:
48:[ˈʃtɪft]
45:
40:
21:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1279:
1272:
1249:
1245:
1222:
1213:
1200:
1196:
1173:
1169:
1146:
1137:
1114:
1110:
1084:
1080:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1017:
1010:
1005:
944:Stiftsgymnasium
875:
734:
714:
692:
648:('diocese') or
627:Erzstift Bremen
597:imperial abbeys
532:imperial states
485:
480:
456:totum pro parte
454:is also used –
447:
405:
399:, a hospital).
380:
360:Stift Fischbeck
326:Konventualinnen
318:
248:Kollegiatsstift
211:
151:
77:, especially a
53:
52:
51:
43:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1343:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1288:Brothers Grimm
1270:
1258:Brothers Grimm
1243:
1231:Brothers Grimm
1211:
1194:
1182:Brothers Grimm
1167:
1155:Brothers Grimm
1135:
1123:Brothers Grimm
1108:
1078:
1048:
1038:
1026:Brothers Grimm
1007:
1006:
1004:
1001:
938:Stiftsfräulein
874:
871:
870:
869:
868:
867:
859:
848:
847:
846:
838:
824:
823:
822:
814:
796:
795:
794:
786:
733:
730:
713:
710:
691:
688:
503:imperial state
484:
481:
479:
476:
446:
443:
421:Tübinger Stift
404:
401:
379:
376:
317:
314:
210:
207:
150:
147:
111:then the term
105:imperial state
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1342:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1297:
1296:3-423-05945-1
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:3-423-05945-1
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:3-423-05945-1
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1190:3-423-05945-1
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:3-423-05945-1
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:3-423-05945-1
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1104:3-423-05945-1
1101:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1090:Wilhelm Grimm
1087:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:3-423-05945-1
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1060:Wilhelm Grimm
1057:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:3-423-05945-1
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1002:
1000:
997:
992:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
958:
957:
951:
946:
945:
939:
933:
928:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
892:Stiftsamtmann
887:
881:
872:
865:
864:
860:
857:
856:
852:
851:
849:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:
828:
825:
819:
815:
812:
807:
803:
802:
800:
797:
791:
787:
784:
783:
779:
778:
776:
773:
772:
771:
768:
762:
756:
750:
745:
740:
731:
729:
727:
726:
720:
711:
709:
708:of a bishop.
707:
703:
698:
689:
687:
685:
681:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
639:stadtbremisch
634:
633:stiftbremisch
629:
628:
623:
622:
616:
610:
607:
602:
598:
593:
590:
584:
578:
573:
568:
562:
556:
550:
544:
539:
537:
533:
528:
523:
518:
517:
509:
504:
500:
496:
495:temporalities
491:
482:
477:
475:
472:
466:
461:
457:
452:
444:
442:
440:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
402:
400:
398:
393:
387:
377:
375:
373:
372:Preetz Priory
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:
343:Fräuleinstift
339:
335:
333:
327:
323:
315:
313:
311:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
286:
280:
274:
273:
265:
260:
255:
249:
243:
238:
237:pars pro toto
233:
228:
223:
217:
208:
206:
204:
199:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
175:
171:
166:
161:
156:
148:
146:
143:
138:
135:, denoting a
134:
133:
127:
121:
115:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
85:
80:
76:
71:
66:
62:
55:
49:
41:
39:
30:
19:
1281:
1251:
1246:
1224:
1197:
1175:
1170:
1148:
1116:
1111:
1093:
1081:
1063:
1051:
1041:
1019:
986:Stiftsstände
954:
942:
876:
861:
853:
781:
735:
725:Stiftamtmand
724:
715:
693:
683:
679:
625:
619:
611:
594:
540:
486:
448:
439:Goethe House
406:
397:Cusanusstift
381:
348:Jungfrustift
342:
329:
319:
309:
305:
283:
271:
225:X", such as
212:
180:
165:Stiftskirche
152:
130:
35:
33:
1325:Monasteries
1086:Jacob Grimm
1056:Jacob Grimm
980:Stiftssasse
968:Stiftsleute
922:Stiftsfehde
863:Nedersticht
842:Niederstift
818:Niederstift
790:Niederstift
767:Niederstift
755:Nedersticht
577:Kurerzstift
346:, Swedish:
304:(in German
261:) then the
203:Reformation
107:within the
18:Frauenstift
1309:Categories
1003:References
962:Stiftsmann
956:Stiftsherr
932:Stiftsfrau
916:Stiftsdame
886:Stiftsadel
855:Oversticht
749:Oversticht
739:Het Sticht
728:(Danish).
606:Fürstentum
549:Hochstifte
392:Altenstift
340:, German:
332:Damenstift
227:Stift Melk
192:Stiftsfrau
187:canonesses
182:Stiftsherr
996:Stiftstag
965:(plural:
834:Oberstift
806:Oberstift
782:Oberstift
761:Oberstift
702:loan word
669:Hochstift
651:Erzbistum
589:stiftisch
546:(plural:
543:Hochstift
516:Hochstift
508:das Stift
460:collegial
451:Das Stift
434:Hochstift
352:Communist
291:Domstifte
251:. If the
174:capitular
155:Das Stift
149:Endowment
132:Hochstift
75:endowment
34:The term
1330:Donation
1046:respect.
675:Erzstift
618:, as in
561:Erzstift
471:Domstift
417:Tübingen
413:colleges
322:convents
301:Domstift
272:Domstift
195:). Many
142:Erzstift
993:'), or
732:Toponym
706:diocese
630:, with
609:) too.
168:, i.e.
160:college
99:or the
93:chapter
89:college
70:stiften
44:German:
1294:
1264:
1237:
1188:
1161:
1129:
1102:
1072:
1032:
660:and a
645:Bistum
624:or in
527:Bistum
216:Stifte
198:Stifte
177:canons
65:sticht
974:Stift
950:Stift
910:Stift
898:Stift
880:Stift
719:stift
697:stift
583:Stift
490:Stift
465:Stift
386:Stift
310:Duomo
285:Duomo
264:Stift
254:Stift
242:Stift
232:Stift
222:Stift
213:Some
185:) or
139:, or
120:Stift
114:Stift
95:of a
84:Stift
61:Dutch
38:Stift
1292:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1201:Cf.
1186:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1088:and
1070:ISBN
1058:and
1030:ISBN
977:'),
953:'),
927:feud
913:'),
901:'),
764:and
752:and
567:Erz-
555:hoch
514:das
270:das
126:hoch
1205:or
770:.
682:or
672:or
370:or
306:Dom
279:Dom
1311::
1273:^
1214:^
1138:^
1092:,
1062:,
1011:^
989:('
925:('
801::
777::
474:.
229:.
63::
59:;
1298:.
1268:.
1241:.
1209:.
1192:.
1165:.
1133:.
1106:.
1076:.
1036:.
189:(
179:(
42:(
31:.
20:)
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