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one refrigerated cargo ship, and ten roll-on/roll-off (RORO) carriers. Notably, this fleet operates under the French register, allowing French-owned ships to benefit from more liberal taxation and manning regulations than those permissible under the main French register. However, this register is expected to be replaced by the
International French Register (Registre International Français, RIF) in the future.
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Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island are both extinct volcanoes and have been delineated as the
Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands ecoregion. The highest point in the territory is Mont Ross on Kerguelen Island, standing at 1,850 m (6,070 ft). Notably, there are very few
1314:
The territory includes the Crozet
Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands in the southern Indian Ocean near 43°S, 67°E, along with Adélie Land, the sector of Antarctica claimed by France. Adélie Land, named by the French explorer Jules Dumont d’Urville after his wife,
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Regarding maritime activity, the territory maintains a merchant marine fleet totaling (as of 1999) 2,892,911 GRT/5,165,713 tonnes deadweight (DWT). This fleet includes seven bulk carriers, five cargo ships, ten chemical tankers, nine container ships, six liquefied gas carriers, 24 petroleum tankers,
886:
The entire territory has no known permanently settled inhabitants. It is mainly visited by military personnel, officials, scientific researchers, and support staff. In 2019, the Crozet
Islands, Kerguelen Islands, and Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due
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of vegetation, with both Saint-Paul and Crozet having no native tree or shrub species. However, eight of the 36 higher plant species are endemic. Some species of endemic invertebrates have also been recorded on the islands, including moths and flies which have lost their wings in the absence of
785:
The entire territory has no known permanently settled inhabitants. Approximately 150 (in the winter) to 310 (in the summer) people are usually present in the French
Southern and Antarctic Lands at any time, but they are mainly made up of military personnel, officials, scientific researchers and
306:
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creates nutrient-rich waters. As a result, birds and marine mammals gather on the islands in great abundance. More than 50 million birds of 47 species breed on the islands, including more than half the breeding population of 16 different species. The largest populations of
284:
1322:
The islands in the Indian Ocean receive supplies via the special ship Marion
Dufresne, which sails out of Le Port in Réunion Island. Terre Adélie, the Antarctic sector claimed by France, is supplied by L’Astrolabe, which sails out of Hobart in Tasmania.
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covers about 432,000 km (167,000 sq mi). The islands, totaling 7,781 km (3,004 sq mi), have no indigenous inhabitants, although in 1997 there were approximately 100 researchers whose numbers varied from winter (July) to summer (January).
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According to new law 2007-224 of
February 21, 2007, the Scattered Islands constitute the TAAF's fifth district. The TAAF website does not mention their population. The data are not included in the totals.
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184:
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Due to their isolation, the French islands in the southern Indian Ocean comprise one of the last remaining large wilderness areas on Earth. Furthermore, the islands are positioned along the
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airstrips on the islands, existing only on islands with weather stations. The 1,232 km (766 mi) of coastline lacks ports or harbors, offering only offshore anchorages.
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The islands were officially recognized by law on 6 August 1956. This overruled the law passed in 1924 that tied the territory with the
Government General of France in Madagascar.
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49:
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France previously sold licenses to foreign fisheries to fish the
Patagonian toothfish; because of overfishing, it is now restricted to a small number of fisheries from
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1956:
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on Earth are found on the Crozet
Islands and Amsterdam Island, respectively. Other threatened bird species with important populations on the islands include
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2132:"Décret du 16 septembre 2020 portant nomination du préfet, administrateur supérieur des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises - M. GIUSTI (Charles)"
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2336:"Quelles origines à l'asylvatisme des îles volcaniques australes Crozet et Saint-Paul (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, océan Indien) ?"
2105:
1610:, and occasionally other services, patrol the zone and arrest poaching vessels. Such arrests can result in heavy fines and/or the seizure of the ship.
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Each district is headed by a district chief, who has powers similar to those of a French mayor (including recording births and deaths and being an
205:
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Because there is no permanent population, there is no elected assembly, nor does the territory send representatives to the national parliament.
250:
68:
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2365:"Sagina hookeri Timaná, sp. nov. (Caryophyllaceae), a new endemic species for the flora of Île Amsterdam (French Southern and Antarctic Lands)"
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82:
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1791:"Loi n° 55-1052 du 6 août 1955 conférant l'autonomie administrative et financière aux Terres australes et antarctiques françaises"
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contains the Alfred Faure research station that contains about 20-30 people. One of the most populous research stations is the
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also maintain small troop contingents on some of the Scattered Islands in order to protect the French territorial claim.
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1198:. The capital and headquarters of the territorial administrator lies beyond the TAAF, in Saint Pierre on Réunion Island.
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as the "French Austral Lands and Seas" because of their pristine wilderness, biodiversity, and enormous bird colonies.
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The territory's natural resources are limited to fish and crustaceans. Economic activity is limited to servicing
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1833:"Arrêté du 6 mars 2020 portant nomination du secrétaire général des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises"
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In the territory there is no permanent population but there are some areas that contain research stations.
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The French Southern and Antarctic Lands are an overseas territory of France that consist of the following:
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1599:
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The French Southern Territories (i.e. the TAAF excluding Adélie Land) have been given the following
839:(Archipel des Kerguelen): A volcanic island group in the southern Indian Ocean, southeast of Africa.
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This article is about the French overseas territory. For the former French colony in Brazil, see
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which is based out of Reunion. The vessel is used both to bring personnel and supplies to the
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assisted by a secretary-general; since December 2004, however, their administrator has been a
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1983:
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2483:"Protéger: des îles sentinelles La gestion de la pêche dans les Terres australes françaises"
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1334:
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930:
856:
833:(Îles Crozet): A group of islands in the southern Indian Ocean, located south of Madagascar.
449:
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Because of their isolation and subpolar location, the French Southern Lands are relatively
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to the island group. The French Southern Lands also hold the second largest population of
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845:(Îles Saint Paul et Amsterdam): A group of islands to the north of the Kerguelen Islands.
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1038:
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The TAAF administration, the French Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor (IPEV) and the
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was the last to be discovered, in 1840 by the French during an expedition led by
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on Earth, numbering roughly 200,000, and the third largest population of the
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851:(Îles Éparses): A dispersed group of islands around the coast of Madagascar.
532:
2404:
2348:
2335:
2334:
Larrue, Sébastien; Chadeyron, Julien; Faucon, Frédéric (19 January 2018).
2059:. Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado , Oxford, England: ABC Clio.
902:
List of superior administrators of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
855:
The islands became known in the 16th century, when the Spanish discovered
312:
Location of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (circled in red)
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2363:
Timaná, Martín E.; Lebouvier, Marc; Rouhan, Germinal (11 February 2019).
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is a vital area for studying wildlife, the atmosphere and the ice caps.
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to their pristine wilderness, biodiversity, and enormous bird colonies.
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2008:
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contains a French military garrison and is a spot for meteorology. The
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2405:"Saint Pierre and Miquelon (SPM) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners"
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2030:"Early History of Amsterdam and St Paul Islands, South Indian Ocean"
1982:. French Southern and Antarctic Lands administration. Archived from
2286:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
2248:
2106:"French Southern and Antarctic Lands - 2022 World Factbook Archive"
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1180:. The headquarters of the district chief lies beyond the TAAF, in
919:
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on 18 March 1522, which was later claimed and named by the Dutch.
2191:"Le Champlain : un soutien logistique pour les îles Éparses"
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1621:
520:
4037:
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3340:
3138:
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1294:(in Antarctica) and Banc du Geyser and Bassas da India (in the
1520:
1217:
598:
510:
Officially 400~800 permanent scientists and military personnel
25:
2249:"Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Terres Australes Francaises"
2175:
French Navy receives icebreaker and patrol vessel L'Astrolabe
1648:
which contains 50-100 researchers at Port-aux-Francais. The
823:(Terre Adélie): This is the French claim on the continent of
698:), a group in the southern Indian Ocean, south of Madagascar.
1606:. Both are poached by foreign fleets; because of this, the
1438:
Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Terres Australes Francaises
2559:
Wikimedia Atlas of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1889:"Antarctica :: French Southern and Antarctic Lands"
2614:
Articles related to French Southern and Antarctic Lands
2130:
Government of the French Republic (16 September 2020).
1753:
List of French islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans
1595:
research stations and French and other fishing fleets.
3378:
but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see
2541:
2082:
From Venus to Antarctica: the life of Dumont D'Urville
2009:"Five sites inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List"
906:
The French Southern and Antarctic Lands have formed a
867:
were discovered on 24 January 1772 by French explorer
609:
2158:"Florence Jeanblanc-Risler nouvelle préfète des Taaf"
2057:
Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia
746:), a dispersed group of islands around the coast of
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1789:Government of the French Republic (6 August 1955).
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1831:Government of the French Republic (6 March 2020).
918:since 1955. Formerly, they were administered from
2193:(in French). Ministère des Armées. 23 August 2023
1977:"The TAAF do not have any permanent population."
770:, usually to emphasize non-recognition of French
734:), a group to the north of the Kerguelen Islands.
2233:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1921:"List of countries, territories and currencies"
1894:CIA.gov/Library/Publications/The-World-Factbook
1288:Map of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
1348:List of mammals of French Southern Territories
970:The territory is divided into five districts:
863:was discovered in 1559 by the Portuguese. The
754:The territory is sometimes referred to as the
4049:
3804:
3352:
3150:
2800:
2637:
495:439,666.4 km (169,756.1 sq mi)
8:
4435:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
3773:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3768:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2753:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1883:
1881:
923:
907:
741:
729:
705:
693:
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233:
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2461:Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
2435:Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
2003:
2001:
1555:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1252:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
639:Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
366:(headquarters, not geographically assigned)
143:Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
4686:States and territories established in 1955
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3811:
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3367:Outlying territories of European countries
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2215:. Archived from the original on 2 May 2007
619:
132:
4681:Special territories of the European Union
2380:
2347:
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1980:"The French Southern and Antarctic Lands"
1620:The territory takes in revenues of about
1575:Learn how and when to remove this message
1272:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2763:"Peri-Antarctic" (meaning "close to the
1283:
972:
963:and for research and patrol duties. The
682:), the French claim on the continent of
2307:
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2301:
1781:
1758:List of French possessions and colonies
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530:
498:
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401:
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3468:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
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1190:The Territory's principal station is
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227:
65:"French Southern and Antarctic Lands"
7:
4661:Island countries of the Indian Ocean
2589:Southern & Antarctic Territories
2411:. Observatory of Economic Complexity
1553:adding citations to reliable sources
1493:, which is one of four bird species
1250:adding citations to reliable sources
54:adding citations to reliable sources
4621:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
3431:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
3236:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
2573:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
2564:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1927:. Publications Office. 12 June 2008
1816:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
631:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
137:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
2655:countries and overseas territories
1734:Administrative divisions of France
14:
2675:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
2032:. 23 October 2012. Archived from
1628:Locations and Scientific Stations
4691:Territorial claims in Antarctica
4586:
4575:
4574:
4382:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4359:
4140:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3943:
3820:Territorial claims in Antarctica
3451:Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
3207:
3166:
2775:territorial claims in Antarctica
2553:
2457:"Lutte contre la pêche illicite"
1718:
1704:
1690:
1525:
1222:
1087:Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
843:Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
799:Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
726:Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
435:President of the French Republic
332:
305:
246:
183:
172:
30:
4636:Dependent territories in Africa
3017:French domains of the Holy Land
2280:"French Austral Lands and Seas"
953:jointly operate the icebreaker
883:on the island named after him.
221:"Liberty, equality, fraternity"
41:needs additional citations for
4696:World Heritage Sites in France
3847:Australian Antarctic Territory
3738:British Indian Ocean Territory
3012:French domains of Saint Helena
1925:Interinstitutional style guide
1860:"Présentation des territoires"
1380:Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)
1:
4626:1955 establishments in France
2313:French Austral Lands and Seas
2177:. Naval Today, 13 July 2017.
1947:"French Southern Territories"
1479:Indian yellow-nosed albatross
1372:French Austral Lands and Seas
512:No known permanent population
4656:Geography of Overseas France
2284:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
2164:(in French). 6 October 2022.
1598:The main fish resources are
1032:
869:Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne
731:Îles Saint Paul et Amsterdam
480:Advisory Council of the TAAF
206:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
130:Overseas territory in France
16:Overseas territory of France
4676:Southeast African countries
3911:Chilean Antarctic Territory
3899:British Antarctic Territory
3733:British Antarctic Territory
3374:Territories under European
2987: and Antarctic Lands
2702:French Southern Territories
2583:Central Intelligence Agency
914:(an overseas territory) of
768:French Southern Territories
764:Terres australes françaises
4712:
2566:– official French website
2382:10.5252/adansonia2019v41a2
2315:(Report). IUCN. April 2019
2055:Mills, William J. (2003).
1362:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1345:
1337:on Grande Terre, Kerguelen
1205:officer of judicial police
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18:
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4065:Countries and territories
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3544:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3382:for further information).
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3288:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
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3100:
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2904:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
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2256:Sites Information Service
2179:Retrieved 2017-07-16.
2084:. Auckland: Exisle Publ.
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1002:
983:
978:
975:
936:Florence Jeanblanc-Risler
472:
464:• Secretary General
457:Florence Jeanblanc-Risler
452:, Administrator Superior
427:
304:
228:
220:
203:
196:
168:
159:
4646:France and the Antarctic
4125:Central African Republic
3778:Turks and Caicos Islands
3043: the Indian Ocean
1654:Dumont d’Urville station
1638:a meteorological station
1298:district) are not shown.
1176:principal station is on
1017:Dumont d'Urville Station
961:Dumont d'Urville Station
925:administrateur supérieur
4651:Geography of Antarctica
2951:Uninhabited territories
2734:NZ Subantarctic Islands
1499:southern elephant seals
1310:on Île Mayès, Kerguelen
938:, with headquarters in
879:, who would later have
780:Antarctic Treaty System
4671:Ramsar sites in France
4641:East African countries
3743:British Virgin Islands
2881: collectivities
2349:10.4000/cybergeo.28917
2080:Dunmore, John (2007).
1741:French colonial empire
1338:
1311:
1300:
924:
910:territoire d'outre-mer
908:
877:Jules Dumont d'Urville
871:during an expedition.
763:
742:
730:
707:Archipel des Kerguelen
706:
694:
678:
659:
655:Territoire d'outre-mer
654:
638:
234:
142:
4286:São Tomé and Príncipe
4145:Republic of the Congo
3570:Caribbean Netherlands
3316:Caribbean Netherlands
2828:Inhabited territories
2746:Prince Edward Islands
2599:Kerguelen Archipelago
1746:French Fifth Republic
1466:Antarctic Convergence
1333:
1306:
1287:
980:Administrative centre
756:French Southern Lands
4012:Uruguayan Antarctica
4007:Brazilian Antarctica
3904:Queen Elizabeth Land
3842:Argentine Antarctica
3106:overseas departments
3041:Scattered Islands in
2922: collectivity
1820:Geonames.org (cc-by)
1600:Patagonian toothfish
1549:improve this section
1487:MacGillivray's prion
1246:improve this section
801:were inscribed as a
789:On 5 July 2019, the
242:("The Marseillaise")
50:improve this article
4542:Plazas de soberanía
4446:African territories
4386:unclear sovereignty
4371:States with limited
4016:American Antarctica
3685:Plazas de Soberanía
3495:Juan de Nova Island
3075:Juan de Nova Island
2962:North Pacific Ocean
1858:TAAF Collectivity.
1624:16 million a year.
1491:Amsterdam albatross
1477:and the endangered
965:French armed forces
806:World Heritage Site
383: /
4631:1955 in Antarctica
4450:non-African states
4023:Spanish Antarctica
4019:Russian Antarctica
3867:Princess Elizabeth
3700:Chafarinas Islands
3380:inclusion criteria
2980:Overseas territory
2594:Crozet Archipelago
2578:The World Factbook
2213:"Les îles Éparses"
2136:legifrance.gouv.fr
2036:on 23 October 2012
1959:. 26 November 2018
1837:legifrance.gouv.fr
1795:legifrance.gouv.fr
1678:ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
1503:Antarctic fur seal
1451:Reference no.
1402:Reference no.
1339:
1312:
1308:Kerguelen cabbages
1301:
881:a research station
667:. It consists of:
647:overseas territory
413:Official languages
403:Largest settlement
346:Territorial status
318: (light blue)
162:Overseas territory
21:France Antarctique
4608:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4566:
4565:
4441:
4440:
4161:Equatorial Guinea
4031:
4030:
3998:Unrecognized and
3972:
3964:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3872:Kaiser Wilhelm II
3838:
3786:
3785:
3695:Alhucemas Islands
3549:Wallis and Futuna
3461:Saint Paul Island
3446:Kerguelen Islands
3416:Clipperton Island
3334:
3333:
3293:Wallis and Futuna
3261:Kerguelen Islands
3226:Clipperton Island
3132:
3131:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3031:Amsterdam Islands
3022:Kerguelen Islands
2970:Clipperton Island
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2909:Wallis and Futuna
2782:
2781:
2722:Saint Paul Island
2717:Kerguelen Islands
2091:978-0-908988-71-6
2066:978-1-57607-422-0
1763:Outline of France
1585:
1584:
1577:
1462:
1461:
1446:15 September 2008
1397:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1200:
1167:
1166:
1111:Scattered Islands
1068:Port-aux-Français
1063:Kerguelen Islands
861:Saint Paul Island
849:Scattered Islands
837:Kerguelen Islands
795:Kerguelen Islands
738:Scattered Islands
702:Kerguelen Islands
627:
626:
407:Port-aux-Français
387:43.000°S 67.000°E
297:
126:
125:
118:
100:
4703:
4590:
4578:
4577:
4454:
4411:
4363:
4157:(partly in Asia)
4077:Sovereign states
4058:
4051:
4044:
4035:
3970:
3962:
3947:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3836:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3790:
3763:Pitcairn Islands
3753:Falkland Islands
3534:Saint Barthélemy
3483:Glorioso Islands
3456:Amsterdam Island
3426:French Polynesia
3361:
3354:
3347:
3338:
3278:Saint Barthélemy
3231:French Polynesia
3211:
3171:
3170:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3136:
3061:Glorioso Islands
3042:
2993:
2986:
2982:
2958:
2947:
2921:
2894:Saint Barthélemy
2889:French Polynesia
2880:
2840:
2835:
2824:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2786:
2707:Amsterdam Island
2697:Falkland Islands
2680:Macquarie Island
2646:
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2632:
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2610:
2569:
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2544:
2542:Official website
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1698:Geography portal
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1352:
1335:Volcan du Diable
1299:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1226:
1218:
1196:Amsterdam Island
1192:Martin-de-Viviès
1169:
1092:Martin-de-Viviès
973:
927:
913:
892:
857:Amsterdam Island
745:
733:
714:in the southern
712:volcanic islands
709:
697:
681:
662:
623:
618:
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613:
611:
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397:
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99:
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34:
26:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4666:Overseas France
4611:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4562:
4546:
4515:
4494:
4490:Pelagie Islands
4473:
4449:
4447:
4437:
4425:
4407:
4404:
4396:
4375:
4372:
4364:
4355:
4071:
4062:
4032:
4027:
4000:Proposed claims
3999:
3993:
3989:Marie Byrd Land
3975:
3968:Yamato Yukihara
3948:
3939:
3932:Ross Dependency
3924:Queen Maud Land
3822:
3817:
3787:
3782:
3711:
3658:
3637:
3628:Queen Maud Land
3601:
3553:
3500:Tromelin Island
3473:Bassas da India
3404:
3383:
3368:
3365:
3335:
3330:
3297:
3212:
3203:
3180:
3165:
3163:
3133:
3128:
3110:Claimed by the
3084:
3080:Tromelin Island
3051:Bassas da India
3035:
2985:French Southern
2974:
2952:
2933:
2913:
2873:
2841: regions
2829:
2818:
2816:Overseas France
2813:
2783:
2778:
2757:
2656:
2650:
2615:
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2540:
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2194:
2189:
2188:
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2173:
2169:
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1902:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1768:Overseas France
1724:
1719:
1717:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1662:
1630:
1581:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1546:
1530:
1519:
1483:Eaton's pintail
1430:
1364:
1350:
1344:
1342:Flora and fauna
1290:
1289:
1278:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1243:
1227:
1216:
1199:
1189:
1178:Tromelin Island
1171:
904:
898:
890:
814:
786:support staff.
778:as part of the
718:, southeast of
608:
588:
555:
511:
507:
506:• Estimate
492:
468:Thierry Dousset
465:
453:
441:Emmanuel Macron
437:
392:-43.000; 67.000
391:
389:
385:
382:
377:
374:
372:
370:
369:
368:
365:
364:
333:
331:
327:Sovereign state
321:
320:
300:
247:
244:
241:
240:
236:La Marseillaise
224:
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177:
164:
155:
147:
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138:
131:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4707:
4699:
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4527:Canary Islands
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4511:Savage Islands
4508:
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4430:United Kingdom
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4263:
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4228:
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4218:
4213:
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4188:
4183:
4178:
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4168:
4163:
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4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4053:
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4009:
4003:
4001:
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3991:
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3976:
3974:
3973:
3965:
3956:
3954:
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3949:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3916:Peter I Island
3913:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3862:Mac. Robertson
3859:
3854:
3844:
3839:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3793:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3748:Cayman Islands
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3716:United Kingdom
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3690:Alboran Island
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:Canary Islands
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3623:Peter I Island
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3585:Sint Eustatius
3582:
3577:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3554:
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3536:
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3497:
3492:
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3490:
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3475:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3448:
3443:
3441:Crozet Islands
3438:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
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3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3266:Île Saint-Paul
3263:
3258:
3253:
3251:Crozet Islands
3248:
3243:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3177:European Union
3164:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3104:Also known as
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:Banc du Geyser
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3007:Crozet Islands
3004:
2996:
2990:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2943:
2942:
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2891:
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2866:
2861:
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2843:
2831:
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2827:
2820:
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2804:
2797:
2789:
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2755:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:Crozet Islands
2709:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:Peri-Antarctic
2651:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2570:
2561:
2551:
2535:
2534:External links
2532:
2529:
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2503:
2474:
2448:
2422:
2396:
2355:
2326:
2297:
2268:
2240:
2204:
2182:
2167:
2149:
2122:
2097:
2090:
2072:
2065:
2047:
2018:
2015:. 5 July 2019.
1997:
1986:on 26 May 2017
1970:
1938:
1912:
1877:
1850:
1823:
1808:
1780:
1779:
1777:
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1736:
1730:
1729:
1715:
1701:
1685:
1682:
1661:
1658:
1646:Iles Kerguelen
1629:
1626:
1615:Réunion Island
1589:meteorological
1583:
1582:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1448:
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1440:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:Ramsar Wetland
1426:
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1901:. 20 May 2020
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1726:France portal
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1712:Africa portal
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1666:country codes
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1634:Ile Amsterdam
1627:
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1604:spiny lobster
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1565:December 2020
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1534:This section
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1475:king penguins
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1435:Official name
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571:ISO 3166 code
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349:6 August 1955
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
4591:
4579:
4421:Îles Éparses
4311:South Africa
4301:Sierra Leone
4105:Burkina Faso
3597:Sint Maarten
3539:Saint Martin
3488:Geyser Shoal
3430:
3326:Sint Maarten
3283:Saint Martin
3256:Îles Éparses
3235:
3173:Dependencies
3065:
2999:
2984:
2899:Saint Martin
2769:
2768:
2741:South Africa
2701:
2604:Terre Adélie
2576:
2568:(in English)
2519:. Retrieved
2515:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2489:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2460:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2434:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2408:
2399:
2372:
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2339:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2288:. Retrieved
2283:
2259:. Retrieved
2252:
2243:
2217:. Retrieved
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2185:
2170:
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2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2135:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2081:
2075:
2056:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2034:the original
2012:
1988:. Retrieved
1984:the original
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1950:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1924:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1892:
1868:. Retrieved
1863:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1836:
1826:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1794:
1784:
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1653:
1650:Iles Eparses
1649:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1631:
1619:
1612:
1597:
1586:
1571:
1562:
1547:Please help
1535:
1507:
1463:
1355:Designations
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1296:Îles Éparses
1268:
1259:
1244:Please help
1232:
1209:
1202:
1182:Saint Pierre
1174:Îles Éparses
1173:
1168:
1158:
1144:Saint Pierre
1138:
1116:Saint Pierre
1044:Alfred Faure
1028:
1015:
1008:
969:
955:
948:
940:Saint Pierre
934:, currently
929:
905:
889:
885:
854:
815:
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784:
767:
755:
753:
743:Îles Éparses
716:Indian Ocean
679:Terre Adélie
671:
642:
630:
628:
594:Internet TLD
561:Driving side
491:• Total
358:Saint Pierre
316:Indian Ocean
313:
229:
197:
189:Coat of arms
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
4485:Pantelleria
4405:territories
4373:recognition
4316:South Sudan
4206:Ivory Coast
3834:Adélie Land
3558:Netherlands
3436:Adélie Land
3376:sovereignty
3303:Netherlands
3241:Adélie Land
3122:Claimed by
3116:Claimed by
3001:Adélie Land
2919:Sui generis
2729:New Zealand
2492:(in French)
2463:(in French)
2437:(in French)
2138:(in French)
2110:www.cia.gov
1866:(in French)
1839:(in French)
1797:(in French)
1642:Iles Crozet
1608:French Navy
1593:geophysical
1513:predators.
1510:depauperate
1292:Adélie Land
1010:Adélie Land
984:Population
951:French Navy
873:Adelie Land
821:Adélie Land
776:Adélie Land
772:sovereignty
695:Îles Crozet
673:Adélie Land
477:Legislature
390: /
4615:Categories
4392:Somaliland
4296:Seychelles
4261:Mozambique
4246:Mauritania
4231:Madagascar
4186:The Gambia
4120:Cape Verde
3960:New Swabia
3877:Queen Mary
3758:Montserrat
3514:Martinique
3509:Guadeloupe
3118:Madagascar
3027:Saint Paul
2859:Martinique
2854:Guadeloupe
2521:25 January
2512:"Stations"
2467:25 January
2441:25 January
2319:22 January
2290:22 January
2115:23 January
2040:23 January
1905:10 October
1870:19 October
1801:19 October
1776:References
1489:, and the
1443:Designated
1385:Designated
1346:See also:
1262:March 2021
1163:2,274,277
900:See also:
825:Antarctica
797:, and the
748:Madagascar
684:Antarctica
500:Population
423:Government
219:(English:
106:March 2021
76:newspapers
4403:Dependent
4251:Mauritius
3981:Unclaimed
3618:Jan Mayen
3395:Greenland
3199:Greenland
3124:Mauritius
2983: (
2765:Antarctic
2670:Australia
2665:Argentina
2375:(1): 17.
2369:Adansonia
2197:30 August
2142:28 August
1536:does not
1470:upwelling
1233:does not
1214:Geography
1159:439,666.4
976:District
956:Astrolabe
766:) or the
551:UTC+10:00
546:UTC+05:00
541:UTC+04:00
533:Time zone
4581:Category
4499:Portugal
4351:Zimbabwe
4326:Tanzania
4176:Ethiopia
4171:Eswatini
4150:Djibouti
4115:Cameroon
4100:Botswana
3887:George V
3723:Anguilla
3642:Portugal
3633:Svalbard
2879:Overseas
2839:Overseas
2773:include
2767:") does
2496:12 April
2391:91871485
2340:Cybergeo
2261:25 April
2229:cite web
2162:Le Marin
1684:See also
1468:, where
1377:Criteria
1133:640,400
1105:502,533
1081:563,869
1057:567,475
946:Island.
645:) is an
517:Currency
4558:Socotra
4537:Melilla
4506:Madeira
4469:Réunion
4464:Mayotte
4336:Tunisia
4306:Somalia
4291:Senegal
4276:Nigeria
4266:Namibia
4256:Morocco
4221:Liberia
4216:Lesotho
4166:Eritrea
4135:Comoros
4110:Burundi
4085:Algeria
3852:Enderby
3728:Bermuda
3680:Melilla
3654:Madeira
3592:Curaçao
3575:Bonaire
3529:Réunion
3519:Mayotte
3388:Denmark
3321:Curaçao
3186:Denmark
3112:Comoros
2869:Réunion
2864:Mayotte
2777:itself.
2490:taaf.fr
2219:3 March
1963:12 July
1952:ISO.org
1931:29 June
1864:taaf.fr
1843:6 April
1557:removed
1542:sources
1517:Economy
1495:endemic
1394:session
1254:removed
1239:sources
1188:Island.
1186:Réunion
1148:Réunion
1120:Réunion
1029:432,000
1000:Summer
944:Réunion
812:History
605:Website
450:Prefect
448:•
433:•
378:67°00′E
375:43°00′S
362:Réunion
354:Capital
314:in the
200::
90:scholar
4457:France
4414:France
4346:Zambia
4341:Uganda
4281:Rwanda
4236:Malawi
4196:Guinea
4090:Angola
4069:Africa
3971:(Jap.)
3963:(Ger.)
3935:(N.Z.)
3927:(Nor.)
3919:(Nor.)
3882:Wilkes
3827:Claims
3649:Azores
3606:Norway
3409:France
3218:France
3179:states
2415:7 July
2389:
2254:Ramsar
2088:
2063:
2013:UNESCO
1990:31 May
1672:) and
1668:: FS (
1412:Region
1392:(43rd
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793:, the
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230:Anthem
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150:French
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4551:Yemen
4532:Ceuta
4520:Spain
4478:Italy
4321:Sudan
4271:Niger
4226:Libya
4211:Kenya
4191:Ghana
4181:Gabon
4155:Egypt
4095:Benin
3892:Oates
3837:(Fr.)
3675:Ceuta
3663:Spain
3565:Aruba
3311:Aruba
2692:Chile
2486:(PDF)
2387:S2CID
1660:Codes
1078:7,215
1003:(km)
920:Paris
774:over
663:) of
584:FR-TF
565:right
523:(€) (
198:Motto
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2498:2024
2469:2024
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2417:2023
2321:2022
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2235:link
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2199:2023
2144:2021
2117:2024
2086:ISBN
2061:ISBN
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1965:2020
1933:2008
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1872:2019
1845:2020
1803:2019
1670:FIPS
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