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People and groups that threaten the liberal democratic basic order are referred to as "enemies of the
Constitution" or "extremist" in German government and legal language. Parties as well as groups can be banned if they strive to abolish the FDGO, which has been done so successfully in regard to the
1455:
and with the scholarly field of democracy and extremism research in
Germany. While often relying upon scholars in this field, the decision that a group threatens the liberal democratic basic order is ultimately a political decision that is the responsibility of the interior minister at the state or
1553:
also contained a "communist exception" that specifically determined that "enemies of the liberal democratic basic order", in practice communists, were not entitled to compensation for earlier Nazi persecution. Communist groups have been extensively monitored by the
1562: also focused in large part on Communists as enemies of the liberal democratic basic order, and the struggle against communism was framed by West German authorities primarily in terms of civic education and anti-extremism.
1530:, the liberal democratic basic order is distinguished by the measures that are allowed against "extreme" ideologies and groups to defend the order, such as the possibility to ban or officially monitor extremist groups.
1739:
Staat und politische
Bildung: Die Bundeszentrale fĂĽr Heimatdienst bzw. Bundeszentrale fĂĽr politische Bildung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Propaganda, Public Relations und politischer Bildung
1391:
1758:"Konformität von Antifaschismus und Antikapitalismus mit der freiheitlichen demokratischen Grundordnung", reply by the Federal Government, 19/129, German Bundestag, 29. December 2017
1555:
1436:("fortified democracy") that bans attempts to dismantle the liberal democratic basic order by what German authorities refer to as "enemies of the Constitution" or "extremists".
1496:; responsibility of government; lawfulness of administration; independence of the judiciary; the multi-party principle; and equality of opportunities for all political parties.
417:
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of the people as expressed by the will of the existing majority and upon freedom and equality. The fundamental principles of this order include at least: respect for the
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in the
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) during the Cold War. Examples include the ban of the Communist Party in 1956 and 1972
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and the state offices for the protection of the constitution under the umbrella term of "far-left extremism"; during the Cold War the
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79:
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The liberal democratic basic order has been a core concept in the constitutional law of the
Federal Republic of Germany, originally
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given concrete form in the Basic Law, in particular for the right of a person to life and free development; popular sovereignty;
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329:
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1522:(NPD) failed. The willingness of a liberal democracy to ban parties that endanger liberal democracy itself has been termed
68:
1715:"Geistige Gefahr" und "Immunisierung der Gesellschaft": Antikommunismus und politische Kultur in der frĂĽhen Bundesrepublik
1537:, since 1949, and it played a significant role in the West German government's efforts to counteract communism during the
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In practice, the concept has been used to target far-right and far-left groups and in the ideological struggle against
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The concept of the liberal democratic basic order has been and is being rejected by parts of the left spectrum, the
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The FDGO touches on the political order and the societal and political values on which German
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federal level, or, in the case of a ban, a legal decision that is decided by the judiciary.
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1774:"The Jurisprudence of Free Speech in the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany"
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The free democratic basic order can be defined as an order which excludes any form of
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Verfassungsfeinde als Beamte?: Die
Kontroverse um d. streitbare Demokratie
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in German. While conceptually largely similar to broader definitions of
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and represents a governmental system under a rule of law, based upon
1403:
1447:, when the concept was closely linked to the state doctrine of
1606:
The German original says "freiheitlich", not "frei". See also
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in West
Germany. Theoretically the concept is associated with
29:
159:
1611:
1541:. The concept is closely linked to the state doctrine of
1518:(1952). In 2003, as well as in 2017, attempts to ban the
1556:
Federal Office for the
Protection of the Constitution
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1713:. In Creuzberger, Stefan; Hoffmann, Dierk (eds.).
1524:"militant democracy", or "wehrhafte Demokratie"
1474:
1472:, the free democratic order is defined thus:
1366:
8:
1690:The Language of Human Rights in West Germany
1414:. Building upon more general definitions of
1717:(in German). De Gruyter. pp. 251–274.
1645:
1643:
1418:, the term has a specific legal meaning in
1794:The German Legal System and Legal Language
1692:, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012,
1674:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1504:, Judgment of 23 October 1952 – 1 BvB 1/51
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1400:Freiheitliche demokratische Grundordnung
642:Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949)
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139:This article is part of a series on the
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1612:https://en.wiktionary.org/freiheitlich
1797:. Cavendish Pub. pp. 9 et seqq.
7:
1520:National Democratic Party of Germany
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1560:Federal Agency for Civic Education
1549:aimed at far-left radicalism. The
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27:Term in German constitutional law
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69:"Liberal democratic basic order"
34:
1741:. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2012,
45:needs additional citations for
1779:Southern California Law Review
1387:liberal democratic basic order
1235:Politics of the European Union
1:
1650:Schönbohm, Wulf, ed. (1979).
1502:Federal Constitutional Court
1470:Federal Constitutional Court
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378:Federal Constitutional Court
185:Federal Constitutional Court
1571:people on the extreme right
1406:) is a fundamental term in
590:Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
18:Free democratic basic order
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1791:Fisher, Howard D. (1996).
1711:"Die 'Kommunistenklausel'"
1512:Communist Party of Germany
267:Vice Chancellor of Germany
1837:Anti-communism in Germany
1822:German constitutional law
1408:German constitutional law
508:Collective municipality (
1772:Kommers, Donald (1980).
1583:Basic structure doctrine
1468:rests. According to the
1071:State and local politics
616:East Germany (1949–1960)
1842:Anti-fascism in Germany
1709:Spernol, Boris (2014).
1551:German Restitution Laws
1227:International Relations
217:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
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1460:History and definition
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1126:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
741:Parliamentary election
582:Presidential elections
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1724:10.1524/9783486781045
1654:(in German). Munich.
1516:Socialist Reich Party
1443:communism during the
1433:Streitbare Demokratie
1285:Agrarian Conservatism
355:Gemeinsamer Ausschuss
348:Vermittlungsausschuss
241:Chancellor of Germany
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1494:separation of powers
1453:anti-totalitarianism
1257:Political ideologies
1136:Rhineland-Palatinate
570:Federal Convention (
209:President of Germany
54:improve this article
1547:Anti-Radical Decree
1422:and is part of the
1412:German constitution
1337:Politics portal
1486:self-determination
1323:Germany portal
1156:Schleswig-Holstein
1001:European elections
466:State Parliament (
461:Minister president
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1832:Political systems
1804:978-1-85941-229-9
1747:978-3-531-18670-2
1688:Lora Wildenthal,
1661:978-3-7892-7147-2
1528:liberal democracy
1466:liberal democracy
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560:Referendums
475:composition
312:Legislature
254:Olaf Scholz
176:(Basic Law)
110:August 2019
1827:Liberalism
1816:Categories
1786:: 657–695.
1608:liberalism
1589:References
1296:Liberalism
1267:Federalism
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1577:See also
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526:list
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