1737:. Once one of the world's most abundant fisheries, it has been almost completely depleted of fish. Those primarily responsible were large "factory-fishing" enterprises driven by the imperative to realize profits in a competitive global market. It is contended that if the fishery had been owned by a single entity, the owner would have had an interest in keeping a renewable supply of fish to maintain profits over the long term. The owner would thus have charged high fees to fish in the area, sharply reducing how many fish were caught. The owner also would have closely enforced rules on not catching young fish. Instead commercial ships from around the world raced to get the fish out of the water before competitors could, including catching fish that had not yet reproduced.
1717:, involve an ongoing dynamic process, contain orders within orders, and the entire system operates without being directed by a conscious mind. On this analysis, species takes the place of price as a visible element of the system formed by a complex set of largely unknowable elements. Human ignorance about the countless interactions between the organisms of an ecosystem limits our ability to manipulate nature. Since humans rely on the ecosystem to sustain themselves, it is argued that we have an obligation to not disrupt such systems. This analysis of ecosystems as spontaneous orders does not rely on markets qualifying as spontaneous orders. As such, one need not endorse Hayek's analysis of markets to endorse ecosystems as spontaneous orders.
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paper mill and a resort might be on the same lake. Suppose the benefits to the resort of a clean lake outweigh the benefits to the mill of being able to pollute. If the mill has the right to pollute, the resort will pay it not to. If the resort has the right to a pollution-free lake, it will keep that right, as the mill will be unable to compensate it for its pollution. However, critics have charged that the "theorem" attributed to Coase is of extremely limited practicability because of its assumptions, including no transaction costs, and is ill-suited to real world externalities which have high bargaining costs due to many factors.
1481:– Owners face a strong incentive to take care of and protect their property. They must decide how much to use today and how much to use tomorrow. Everybody is trying to grow value. Corporate value and share price is based on their anticipated future profits. Owners with the possibility of transferring their property, either to an heir or through sale want their property to grow in value. Property rights encourage conservation and defend resources against depletion, since there is a strong incentive to maximize the value of the resource for the future.
1421:, which is seen as a fundamental problem for the environment. When land is held in common, anybody may use it. Since resources are consumable, this creates the incentive for entrepreneurs to use common resources before somebody else does. Many environmental resources are held by the government or in common, such as air, water, forests. A claimed problem with regulation is that it puts property into a political commons, where individuals try to appropriate public resources for their own gain, a phenomenon called
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and also that it has important implications for efficiency. Nevertheless, given the existing property rights regime, costly changes to it are not necessarily efficient, even if in hindsight an alternative regime would have been better. But if there are opportunities for property rights to evolve, entrepreneurs can find them to create new wealth.
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More generally, free-market environmentalists argue that transaction costs "count" as real costs. If the cost of re-allocating property rights exceeds the benefits of doing so, then it is actually optimal to stay in the status quo. This means the initial allocation of property rights is not neutral
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Rothbard said: "The problem is that environmentalists are not interested in efficiency or preserving private property....The environmentalists are acolytes and prisoners of a monstrous literally anti-human philosophy. They despise and condemn the human race, which by its very nature and in contrast
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argue that, if industries internalized the costs of negative externalities, they would face an incentive to reduce them, perhaps even becoming enthusiastic about taking advantage of opportunities to improve profitability through lower costs. Moreover, economists claim this would lead to the optimal
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Individual choice
Consumers have the incentive to maximize their satisfaction and try to find low cost, high value options. Markets allocate resources to the highest bidder. Producers make purchases on behalf of the consumer. Due to many actors in the market, there is no one-size-fits-all solution
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Free-market environmentalists therefore argue that the best way to protect the environment is to clarify and protect property rights. This allows parties to negotiate improvements in environmental quality. It also allows them to use torts to stop environmental harm. If affected parties can compel
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is one extreme version of this logic. If property rights are well defined and if there are no transaction costs, then market participants can negotiate to a solution that internalizes the externality. Moreover, this solution will not depend on who is allocated the property right. For example, a
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Increased transaction costs – Governments may create rules that make it difficult to transfer rights in ways that benefit the environment. For example, in the western United States, many states have laws over water rights that make it difficult for environmental groups to purchase in-stream flows
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Political allocation – Political information does not have the incentives that markets do to seek superior information (profit and loss). Though many participants provide input to governments, they can only make one decision. This means that governments create rules that are not well crafted for
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Price system – When resources become scarce, prices rise. Rising prices incentivize entrepreneurs to find substitutions for these resources. These resources are often conserved. E.g. as prices for coal rise, consumers will use less and higher prices will drive substitution for different energy
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Though many environmentalists blame markets for many of today's environmental problems, free-market environmentalists blame many of these problems on distortions of the market and the lack of markets. Government actions are blamed for a number of environmental detriments.
1386:. Market proponents advocate changes to the legal system that empower affected parties to obtain such compensation. They further claim that governments have limited affected parties' ability to do so by complicating the tort system to benefit producers over others.
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Markets are not perfect, and free-market environmentalists assert that market-based solutions will have their mistakes. Through strong feedback mechanisms such as risk, profit and loss, market-driven have strong incentives to learn from mistakes.
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to other creatures, changes and transforms the environment instead of being passively subjected to it....I have come to the conclusion that a 'free-market environmentalist' is an oxymoron. Scratch one and you get...an environmentalist."
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also reject the proposed
Coasian solution as making invalid assumptions about the purely subjective notion of costs being measurable in monetary terms, and also of making unexamined and invalid value judgments (i.e., ethical judgments).
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Murray
Rothbard himself believed the term "free-market environmentalism" to be oxymoronic. On his view the unimproved natural environment, undeveloped and unowned, can in no sense be considered property until it is transformed via
1446:. This means that underconsumers and overconsumers are paying the same rates, so the underconsumer is overpaying and the overconsumer is underpaying. The incentive leads to more overconsumers and fewer underconsumers.
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balance between the marginal benefits of pursuing an activity and the marginal cost of its environmental consequences. One well-known means of internalizing a negative consequence is to establish a
1487:– In order to have working property rights, you need a good system to defend them. When rights are weak, people will violate them. By creating a strong system, where common resources can be
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Laws governing class or individual tort claims provide polluters with immunity from tort claims, or interfere with those claims in such a way as to make it difficult to legally sustain them.
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local situations. The government's strategy is that of anticipation, to hide from danger through regulations. A healthier society would use resilience, facing and overcoming risks.
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in its unimproved state, that is to say, apart from the value of any structures or products of human labor. Geolibertarians regard the LVT as just compensation for a legal
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Given the technological and legal context in which people operate, transaction costs are too high to allow parties to negotiate to a solution better for the environment.
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1713:. Hayek originally used the concept of a spontaneous order to argue against government intervention in the market. Like the market, ecosystems contain complex
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that water was inexpensive and abundant, leading to uneconomic use of a scarce resource. Increasing difficulties in meeting demand for water in the western
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Tenure – Renters do not benefit from value accrued during their tenure and thus face an incentive to extract as much value as possible without conservation.
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Another example is in the 19th century early gold miners in
California developed a trade in rights to draw from water courses based on the doctrine of
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The market is a non-political allocation device. Many environmentalists proposals call to return resources from markets to become political problems.
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57.2 (1967): 347–359. Anderson, Terry L., and Peter J. Hill. "The evolution of property rights: a study of the
American West."
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of land is collected by the community and either equally distributed to adult residents in the form of universal
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because of their rejection of collective regulation and control. They see natural resources as too difficult to
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which adversely affect land values in particular. Many argue the monopolization of land promotes idle
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2010:
Mamlyuk, Boris (2010-09-19). "Analyzing the
Polluter Pays Principle Through Law and Economics".
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Taxation of land values has been advocated by many classical economists and theorists of
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and entrepreneurs will seek to fulfill many values of society, including conservation.
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Lamey, Andy (2014-09-24). "Ecosystems as
Spontaneous Orders". Rochester, NY: 6–11.
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Anderson, Terry L., and Peter J. Hill. "Privatizing the commons: An improvement?."
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1398:, free market environmentalists argue that environmental problems arise because:
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Lamey, Andy (2014-09-24). "Ecosystems as
Spontaneous Orders". Rochester, NY.
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2306:"The limited future of unlimited liability: a capital markets perspective"
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2393:
Eco-nomics: What
Everyone Should Know About Economics and the Environment
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Rothbard, Murray N. (September 1990). ""Free-Market" Environmentalists".
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granting exclusive access to that which logically precedes and generates
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on pollution and fees as compensation for natural resource extraction,
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1471:– Entrepreneurs seek value, problem-solve, and coordinate resources.
105:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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use the example of the recent destruction of the once prosperous
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as inconsistent with his theory of property acquisition. Against
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in the late 19th century. Geolibertarians generally also support
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The
Thoreau Institute – a pro-free market environmentalism group
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2503:
2342:
Economic Justice And Democracy: From Competition To Cooperation
1855:), as well as legal responsibility for pollution and degrading
132:
70:
29:
2361:"Toward unlimited shareholder liability for corporate torts"
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and other tools pertaining to free-market environmentalism
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2267:
Partridge, Ernest. "With Liberty and Justice for Some."
1658:) The Rothbardians' solution is to recognize individuals'
2406:"Earth in the balance sheet: economists go for the green"
2062:
Demsetz, Harold. "Toward a Theory of Property Rights."
1662:
property rights, of which the Rothbardians maintain that
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both morally imperative and a natural source of revenue.
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Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment
1668:
Toward a Reconstruction of Utility and Welfare Economics
2485:
JEEM: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
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2371:(7). The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 100, No. 7: 1879–1934.
94:
1698:
Recent arguments in the academic literature have used
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2316:(2). The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 102, No. 2: 387–425.
1752:
projects. This had the effect of sending a signal to
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Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
2275:, Karen Warren, Irene Klaver, and John Clark, 2004.
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Organizations support free-market environmentalism:
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over some phenomenon formerly in the public domain.
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163:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2493:REEP: Review of Environmental Economics and Policy
2453:A Hayekian Defense of Free-Market Environmentalism
1636:and denying others rightful access to the earth.
2254:Friedman, Jeffrey, "Politics or Scholarship?",
1881:Enviro-Capitalists: Doing Good While Doing Well
1394:While environmental problems may be viewed as
2515:
1332:
8:
3654:For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto
1694:Markets and ecosystems as spontaneous orders
2458:The sale of trees for profit, Trees Instead
2083:The Oxford Handbook of Political Philosophy
1816:Notable free-market environmentalist groups
1594:, but this approach was popularized as the
1563:, or used to fund necessary functions of a
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3173:
2586:
2522:
2508:
2500:
2408:and "Taxes and traffic jams" reprinted in
1339:
1325:
252:
1366:provide the best means of preserving the
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
2926:Free association (Marxism and anarchism)
2086:. Oxford University Press. p. 164.
1972:. Canada: the Fraser Institute. p.
1825:Property and Environment Research Center
397:Free association (Marxism and anarchism)
2496:(AERE's official "accessible" journal).
2423:"Can selfishness save the environment?"
1953:
1382:them they will reduce or eliminate the
264:
2488:(AERE's official "technical" journal).
2240:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2233:
2198:
2187:
2163:Hayek, The Use of Knowledge in Society
2144:
2133:
2032:
2021:
2289:Anderson, T L & Leal, D R (2001)
2258:, Vol. 6, No. 2–3, 1993. pp. 429–445.
1996:Anderson, T L & Leal, D R (2001)
1764:Notable free-market environmentalists
1370:, internalizing pollution costs, and
7:
3824:Libertarianism in the United Kingdom
1744:. This was curtailed in 1902 by the
1237:Libertarianism in the United Kingdom
161:adding citations to reliable sources
3829:Libertarianism in the United States
2359:Hansmann, H.; Kraakman, R. (1991).
1242:Libertarianism in the United States
2068:The Journal of Law & Economics
25:
3557:Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism
662:Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism
45:This article has multiple issues.
27:Political and economic philosophy
3868:
2421:Ridley, M & Low, B S (1993)
1306:
1294:
1282:
137:
75:
34:
3051:Natural rights and legal rights
2629:Consequentialist libertarianism
2470:has posted much information on
1748:which introduced subsidies for
520:Natural rights and legal rights
148:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
3819:Libertarianism in South Africa
3734:Center for Libertarian Studies
1795:Laura Jones (Fraser Institute)
1232:Libertarianism in South Africa
1147:Center for Libertarian Studies
172:"Free-market environmentalism"
1:
2881:Decriminalization of sex work
2659:Bleeding-heart libertarianism
2649:Natural-rights libertarianism
2271:edited by Michael Zimmerman,
1968:Economics and the Environment
1964:(1990). Block, Walter (ed.).
352:Decriminalization of sex work
3769:Freeman on the land movement
3664:Law, Legislation and Liberty
3036:Libertarianism (metaphysics)
2941:Free-market environmentalism
2291:Free-market environmentalism
2109:The Rothbard-Rockwell Report
1998:Free-market environmentalism
1352:Free-market environmentalism
1182:Freeman on the land movement
505:Libertarianism (metaphysics)
411:Free-market environmentalism
18:Free market environmentalist
3814:Libertarian science fiction
2624:Conservative libertarianism
1932:Property rights (economics)
1227:Libertarian science fiction
101:the claims made and adding
3940:
3849:Sovereign citizen movement
3674:Anarchy, State, and Utopia
2391:Stroup, Richard L. (2003)
1922:Natural resource economics
1725:Proponents of free-market
1417:A misunderstanding of the
1262:Sovereign citizen movement
3882:Outline of libertarianism
3875:Libertarianism portal
3862:
2639:Libertarian transhumanism
2051:Southern Economic Journal
1838:environmental degradation
1289:Libertarianism portal
3794:Libertarian conservatism
3161:Workers' self-management
3061:Non-aggression principle
2654:Neo-classical liberalism
2619:Christian libertarianism
2429:vol. 272, pp. 76–86
2304:Grundfest, J.A. (1992).
2269:Environmental Philosophy
2064:American Economic Review
1746:Newlands Reclamation Act
1628:and artificially severe
1604:and public intellectual
1207:Libertarian conservatism
630:Workers' self-management
530:Non-aggression principle
3904:Environmental economics
3809:Libertarian Republicans
3071:Participatory economics
2916:Expropriative anarchism
2434:The Ultimate Resource 2
2410:The Accidental Theorist
2080:Estlund, David (2012).
1887:Environmental economics
1715:networks of information
1380:polluters to compensate
1222:Libertarian Republicans
540:Participatory economics
387:Expropriative anarchism
3749:Conscientious objector
3644:The Market for Liberty
3076:Propaganda of the deed
3026:Individual reclamation
3021:Individualist feminism
2981:Freedom of information
2961:Freedom of association
2921:Federalism (anarchist)
2592:Libertarian capitalism
2472:conservation easements
2468:The Nature Conservancy
2197:Cite journal requires
2143:Cite journal requires
2031:Cite journal requires
1859:as too hard to trace.
1827:(PERC) (United States)
1632:, while violating the
1614:negative externalities
1419:tragedy of the commons
1162:Conscientious objector
545:Propaganda of the deed
495:Individual reclamation
490:Individualist feminism
450:Freedom of information
430:Freedom of association
392:Federalism (anarchist)
3804:Libertarian socialism
3799:Libertarian Democrats
3729:Austro-libertarianism
3582:Intellectual property
3146:Voluntary association
2971:Freedom of conscience
2826:Anti-authoritarianism
2821:Age of consent reform
2744:libertarian communism
2685:Libertarian socialism
2432:Simon, Julian (1998)
2404:Krugman, Paul (1999)
2070:18.1 (1975): 163–179.
1217:Libertarian socialism
1212:Libertarian Democrats
1142:Austro-libertarianism
1060:Historical background
687:Intellectual property
615:Voluntary association
440:Freedom of conscience
297:Anti-authoritarianism
292:Age of consent reform
3854:Technolibertarianism
3839:Public choice theory
3789:Green libertarianism
3744:Classical liberalism
3739:Civil libertarianism
3572:Foreign intervention
3056:Night-watchman state
2599:Right-libertarianism
2547:Age of Enlightenment
2427:The Atlantic Monthly
1937:Waterkeeper Alliance
1907:Green libertarianism
1875:Ecological economics
1711:environmental policy
1706:to defend a broadly
1679:Lockean homesteading
1592:classical liberalism
1438:– Governments offer
1301:Anarchism portal
1267:Technolibertarianism
1252:Public choice theory
1202:Green libertarianism
1157:Classical liberalism
1152:Civil libertarianism
1068:Age of Enlightenment
677:Foreign intervention
525:Night-watchman state
157:improve this article
3764:Economic liberalism
3759:Cultural liberalism
3602:Political alliances
3091:Reproductive rights
3066:Non-interventionism
3006:Homestead principle
2986:Freedom of religion
2976:Freedom of contract
2956:Freedom of assembly
2891:Drug liberalization
2786:Libertarian Marxism
2692:Left-libertarianism
2664:Paleolibertarianism
1742:prior appropriation
1708:non-interventionist
1648:anarcho-capitalists
1622:real estate bubbles
1602:political economist
1581:supply is inelastic
1547:land value taxation
1313:Politics portal
1177:Economic liberalism
1172:Cultural liberalism
707:Political alliances
560:Reproductive rights
535:Non-interventionism
475:Homestead principle
455:Freedom of religion
445:Freedom of contract
425:Freedom of assembly
362:Drug liberalization
3919:Libertarian theory
3562:Capital punishment
3552:Affirmative action
3101:Right to sexuality
3081:Property is theft!
2996:Freedom of thought
2609:Anarcho-capitalism
1917:Natural capitalism
1897:Green conservatism
1845:resource depletion
1640:Anarcho-capitalism
1565:minimal government
1560:citizen's dividend
1504:Coasian bargaining
1436:Perverse subsidies
667:Capital punishment
657:Affirmative action
570:Right to sexuality
550:Property is theft!
465:Freedom of thought
86:possibly contains
3891:
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3779:Geolibertarianism
3754:Constitutionalism
3709:Anti-collectivism
3607:Political parties
3474:
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3156:Workers' councils
3151:Voluntary society
3136:Stateless society
3126:Spontaneous order
2991:Freedom of speech
2966:Freedom of choice
2866:Counter-economics
2861:Cognitive liberty
2799:
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1775:Jonathan H. Adler
1770:Terry L. Anderson
1704:spontaneous order
1672:
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1630:wealth inequality
1533:Geolibertarianism
1349:
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1192:Geolibertarianism
1167:Constitutionalism
1122:Anti-collectivism
1027:National variants
877:Friedman (Milton)
712:Political parties
625:Workers' councils
620:Voluntary society
605:Stateless society
595:Spontaneous order
460:Freedom of speech
435:Freedom of choice
337:Counter-economics
332:Cognitive liberty
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2876:Decentralization
2871:Crypto-anarchism
2846:Artistic freedom
2816:Academic freedom
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1702:'s concept of a
1687:environmentalism
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1469:Entrepreneurship
1354:argues that the
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917:Friedman (David)
692:Internal debates
372:Economic freedom
347:Decentralization
342:Crypto-anarchism
317:Artistic freedom
287:Academic freedom
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2851:Civil liberties
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1543:Geolibertarians
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3019:
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3016:Individualism
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2896:Direct action
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2754:philosophical
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2344:. Routledge.
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2223:on 2009-05-11
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1785:Ralph Borsodi
1783:
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1758:United States
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1586:
1585:value capture
1582:
1578:
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1561:
1557:, called the
1556:
1552:
1551:economic rent
1548:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:Coase theorem
1518:
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1450:from farmers.
1448:
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1444:price systems
1442:that distort
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1056:
1049:
1048:United States
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491:
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485:Individualism
483:
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373:
370:
368:
367:Direct action
365:
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177:
174: –
173:
169:
168:Find sources:
162:
158:
152:
151:
146:This article
144:
140:
135:
134:
125:
122:
114:
104:
100:
96:
90:
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84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3866:
3719:Anti-fascism
3704:Abolitionism
3682:
3672:
3662:
3652:
3642:
3632:
3617:War on Drugs
3516:Korwin-Mikke
3436:de La Boétie
3340:Korwin-Mikke
3170:Philosophers
3096:Right to die
3001:Gift economy
2940:
2841:Anti-statism
2707:collectivist
2674:Voluntaryism
2492:
2484:
2433:
2426:
2409:
2392:
2368:
2364:
2341:
2313:
2309:
2290:
2284:Bibliography
2268:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2225:. Retrieved
2221:the original
2211:
2190:cite journal
2171:
2162:
2157:
2136:cite journal
2117:
2108:
2102:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2024:cite journal
2005:
1997:
1992:
1967:
1956:
1879:
1857:biodiversity
1835:
1819:
1810:Bruce Yandle
1800:Gary Libecap
1739:
1735:Newfoundland
1733:fishery off
1724:
1697:
1675:
1664:Wertfreiheit
1663:
1643:
1626:urban sprawl
1606:Henry George
1595:
1589:
1558:
1555:basic income
1537:Libertarian
1536:
1527:
1519:
1507:
1494:
1458:
1455:Market tools
1423:rent-seeking
1411:
1393:
1376:
1351:
1350:
1132:Anti-fascism
1117:Abolitionism
1033:South Africa
1000:Korwin-Mikke
736:Philosophers
722:War on Drugs
565:Right to die
470:Gift economy
312:Anti-statism
237:
219:
210:
200:
193:
186:
179:
167:
155:Please help
150:verification
147:
117:
108:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
3924:Free market
3834:Objectivism
3668:(1973–1979)
3597:Objectivism
3592:LGBT rights
3577:Immigration
3479:Politicians
3360:de Molinari
3305:M. Friedman
3300:D. Friedman
3046:Natural law
2936:Free market
2911:Evictionism
2886:Departurism
2791:Syndicalism
2776:Communalism
2764:syndicalist
2717:free-market
2293:, 2nd ed.,
1927:Physiocracy
1790:Bolton Hall
1731:Grand Banks
1645:Rothbardian
1489:homesteaded
1384:externality
1374:resources.
1368:environment
1356:free market
1247:Objectivism
959:Politicians
702:Objectivism
697:LGBT rights
682:Immigration
515:Natural law
407:Free market
382:Evictionism
357:Departurism
3898:Categories
3431:Konkin III
3273:Right-wing
3116:Single tax
3011:Illegalism
2951:Free trade
2811:Abstention
2771:Autonomism
2644:Minarchism
2614:Autarchism
2562:Liberalism
2441:0691003815
2417:0140286861
2400:1930865449
2351:0415933455
2338:Hahnel, R.
2299:0312235038
2227:2009-01-13
1832:Criticisms
1780:John Baden
1750:irrigation
1597:Single Tax
1573:land title
1510:economists
1485:Common law
1372:conserving
1083:Liberalism
585:Single tax
480:Illegalism
420:Free trade
282:Abstention
213:April 2017
183:newspapers
111:April 2017
95:improve it
50:improve it
3774:Fusionism
3567:Criticism
3511:Jorgensen
3486:Cleveland
3355:von Mises
3310:Goldwater
3239:Kropotkin
3177:Left-wing
3131:Squatting
2931:Free love
2749:mutualism
2712:communist
2702:Anarchism
2634:Fusionism
2567:classical
2552:Anarchism
1849:privatize
1569:the earth
1539:Georgists
1187:Fusionism
1088:classical
1073:Anarchism
990:Goldwater
980:Cleveland
970:Gladstone
842:De Cleyre
767:Jefferson
742:La Boétie
672:Criticism
600:Squatting
402:Free love
99:verifying
56:talk page
3784:Georgism
3547:Abortion
3491:Coolidge
3390:Rothbard
3375:Paterson
3335:Kinsella
3330:Jillette
3254:Proudhon
3234:Hodgskin
3209:Déjacque
3189:Bookchin
3041:Localism
2804:Concepts
2340:(2005).
2236:cite web
2000:, 2nd ed
1942:Wise use
1863:See also
1579:, whose
1475:sources.
1364:tort law
1197:Georgism
985:Coolidge
937:Lottieri
892:Rothbard
882:Bookchin
862:Paterson
807:Proudhon
782:Hodgskin
752:Franklin
652:Abortion
510:Localism
274:Concepts
258:a series
256:Part of
3697:Related
3531:Sarwark
3506:Johnson
3466:Thoreau
3456:Stirner
3451:Spooner
3441:McElroy
3405:Stossel
3400:Spencer
3320:Herbert
3295:Emerson
3290:Brennan
3280:Bastiat
3244:Marcuse
3224:Goldman
3214:Fourier
3199:Chomsky
3184:Bakunin
3031:Liberty
2722:agorism
2583:Schools
2572:radical
2540:Origins
2480:(AERE).
2182:2501745
2128:2501745
2016:1679245
1842:natural
1754:farmers
1660:Lockean
1093:radical
1005:Johnson
965:Bastiat
947:Brennan
922:Van Dun
897:Chomsky
847:Goldman
832:Herbert
827:Spencer
822:Thoreau
817:Bakunin
812:Andrews
802:Spooner
797:Stirner
792:Emerson
772:Bentham
500:Liberty
197:scholar
93:Please
3688:(1980)
3678:(1974)
3658:(1973)
3648:(1970)
3638:(1957)
3540:Issues
3501:Gandhi
3496:Farage
3421:George
3370:Nozick
3264:Tucker
3259:Warren
3249:Öcalan
3229:Guérin
3219:Godwin
3204:Cleyre
2759:social
2439:
2415:
2398:
2385:796812
2383:
2348:
2330:796841
2328:
2297:
2180:
2126:
2111:: 5–6.
2090:
2014:
1980:
1962:Stroup
1912:Ecotax
1851:(e.g.
1721:Others
1499:Issues
1390:Tenets
1362:, and
1015:Hannan
942:Huemer
927:Konkin
907:Machan
902:Nozick
852:Gandhi
837:George
787:Warren
777:Godwin
644:Issues
199:
192:
185:
178:
170:
3626:Works
3521:Milei
3461:Szasz
3446:Paine
3414:Other
3395:Simon
3350:Locke
3325:Hoppe
3315:Hayek
3285:Block
3194:Camus
2729:green
2381:JSTOR
2326:JSTOR
1949:Notes
1853:water
1508:Some
1038:Spain
1010:Milei
975:Acton
932:Hoppe
912:Block
867:Hayek
857:Mises
762:Paine
757:Burke
747:Locke
204:JSTOR
190:books
3526:Paul
3426:Hess
3385:Read
3380:Rand
3365:Nock
3345:Lane
2437:ISBN
2413:ISBN
2396:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2295:ISBN
2242:link
2203:help
2178:SSRN
2149:help
2124:SSRN
2088:ISBN
2037:help
2012:SSRN
1978:ISBN
1840:and
1541:(or
1520:The
995:Paul
887:Hess
872:Rand
176:news
2373:doi
2369:100
2318:doi
2314:102
1974:203
1671:PDF
1656:PDF
1600:by
159:by
97:by
3900::
2425:,
2379:.
2367:.
2363:.
2324:.
2312:.
2308:.
2238:}}
2234:{{
2194::
2192:}}
2188:{{
2140::
2138:}}
2134:{{
2028::
2026:}}
2022:{{
1976:.
1673:)
1624:,
1620:,
1358:,
260:on
59:.
2694:)
2690:(
2601:)
2597:(
2523:e
2516:t
2509:v
2387:.
2375::
2354:.
2332:.
2320::
2244:)
2230:.
2205:)
2201:(
2184:.
2165:.
2151:)
2147:(
2130:.
2096:.
2039:)
2035:(
2018:.
1986:.
1651:(
1425:.
1340:e
1333:t
1326:v
244:)
238:(
226:)
220:(
215:)
211:(
201:·
194:·
187:·
180:·
153:.
124:)
118:(
113:)
109:(
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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