31:
195:
169:
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484:
during the fourth process of the
Yugoslav War Crimes Trials Proceedings (5–16 February 1947), he was tried along with six other major war criminals: Generaloberst
385:
852:
409:
389:
358:. Between March 1915 and April 1917 Neidholdt served at various positions at army, divisional, brigade, and company level on the eastern front. After the
366:, he retired from the army on 21 May 1935. On 1 December 1938, he returned as an officer in the army and in the spring of 1940, he led a regiment on the
477:), hanging all the men and driving away all the women and children. At the beginning of October 1944 he gave up command of the 369th Infantry Division.
286:, a unit composed of Croatian personnel with German cadres, notorious for its brutality and nicknamed the Devil's Division. Neidholdt was extradited to
842:
30:
465:
On 11 September 1944, under Fritz
Neidholdt direct orders, the 369th division destroyed the villages of Zagniezde (Zagnježđe) and Udora (near
790:
769:
736:
699:
431:
at the beginning of 1943 instead of the
Eastern Front as originally intended. Under Fritz Neidholdt's command the division took part in
847:
314:
central-eastern
Germany, his father was a Protestant pastor. After graduating from primary and secondary school, Neidholdt joined the
283:
241:
417:
470:
655:
370:
then commanded an infantry regiment for short time in Poland before ending up on the reserve list of the army high command.
811:
393:
367:
343:
213:
111:
500:. All of them were sentenced to death and executed in mid-January 1947 after petitions for clemency were rejected.
101:
462:
the only way in which the division he commanded distinguished itself was in the number of civilians it killed.
746:
656:
United States. Department of State, United States. War
Department & International Military Tribunal 1946
373:
800:
United States. Department of State; United States. War
Department; International Military Tribunal (1946).
466:
424:
351:
347:
837:
832:
315:
451:
and southern Bosnia, where it reported the largest number of casualties of all the units engaged.
497:
428:
139:
60:
709:
786:
780:
765:
732:
695:
493:
485:
440:
384:
On 1 October 1942, Neidholdt was promoted to major general and appointed commander of the new
311:
801:
590:
397:
378:
459:
455:
339:
231:
187:
489:
90:
826:
174:
64:
671:
Die deutschen
Kriegsgefangenen in Jugoslawien: Mit einer EinfĂĽhrung des Herausgebers
481:
307:
303:
291:
279:
260:
200:
56:
759:
722:
689:
669:
557:
555:
443:, it became notorious for its extreme brutality. The division then took part in
421:
255:
448:
444:
432:
359:
287:
129:
123:
691:
World War II Croatian
Legionaries: Croatian Troops under Axis Command 1941–45
401:
363:
86:
488:(commander-in-chief of Army Group East), Generalleutnants Josef KĂĽbler and
785:. New Perspectives on the Second World War. University Press of Kentucky.
82:
278:(16 November 1887 – 5 March 1947) was a German Wehrmacht general during
405:
474:
436:
782:
Parleying with the Devil: Prisoner
Exchange in Yugoslavia, 1941‒1945
37:(Croatian shield patch of the Devil's Division on his right sleeve)
372:
355:
302:
Fritz
Neidholdt was born on 16 November 1887 in the small town of
282:. Neidholdt was best known from 1942 to 1944 as commander of the
595:. PB (United States. Army). U.S. Army War College. p. 80.
412:
and new volunteers from Croatia, it adopted the nickname of
542:
540:
538:
400:, based in Yugoslavia. The Division began formation in
350:. At the beginning of 1915, his unit was sent to fight
435:(also known as the Fourth Axis Offensive) in northern
515:
480:
Neidholdt was captured on 8 May 1945. Prosecuted as
427:. The division was deployed in the Balkans against
248:
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159:
135:
121:
107:
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42:
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814:[Lieutenant General Fritz Neidholdt].
592:Parameters: Journal of the US Army War College
561:
377:Fritz Neidholdt (right) with Croatian Premier
342:, Neidholdt and his regiment were sent to the
454:On 1 October 1943, Neidholdt was promoted to
8:
858:Nazis executed by Yugoslavia by firing squad
325:
319:
410:369th Croatian Reinforced Infantry Regiment
492:, Generalmajor Adalbert Lontschar, Oberst
29:
18:
731:] (in German). Podzun-Pallas-Verlag.
16:German Wehrmacht officer and war criminal
576:
546:
508:
694:. Men-at-Arms. Bloomsbury Publishing.
529:
310:, located at the southern end of the
7:
853:German Army generals of World War II
779:Trifković, G.; Schmider, K. (2020).
290:in 1947 where he was convicted as a
294:, sentenced to death and executed.
812:"General-poruÄŤnik Fritz Neidholdt"
806:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
688:Brnardic, V.; Aralica, V. (2016).
386:369th (Croatian) Infantry Division
284:369th (Croatian) Infantry Division
242:369th (Croatian) Infantry Division
14:
747:"Generalleutnant Fritz Neidholdt"
674:(in German). E. und W. Gieseking.
458:. According to British historian
418:42nd Home Guard Infantry Division
589:Army War College (U.S.) (1993).
392:composed of volunteers from the
324:) on 30 August 1907 as a cadet (
193:
180:
167:
729:The generals of the German army
35:Neidholdt between 1942 and 1944
843:Executed German mass murderers
803:Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression
1:
630:Trifković & Schmider 2020
764:. Harvard University Press.
394:Independent State of Croatia
346:, where he took part in the
618:Brnardic & Aralica 2016
606:Brnardic & Aralica 2016
112:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
874:
818:(in Croatian). 2014-10-02.
408:with the survivors of the
321:Königlich Preussische Heer
848:Executed military leaders
269:
154:
150:
146:
117:
102:Execution by firing squad
28:
714:German Officer Biography
517:German Officer Biography
439:where, inexperienced in
338:At the beginning of the
724:Die Generale des Heeres
352:Russian imperial forces
381:
326:
320:
761:Terror in the Balkans
758:Shepherd, B. (2012).
751:Lexikon der Wehrmacht
643:Lexikon der Wehrmacht
496:and SS-BrigadefĂĽhrer
425:Austro-Hungarian Army
376:
220:Years of service
668:Böhme, K.W. (1964).
721:Keilig, W. (1983).
416:, in honour of the
316:Royal Prussian Army
98:Cause of death
498:August Schmidhuber
456:lieutenant general
429:Yugoslav partisans
382:
61:Kingdom of Prussia
792:978-1-949668-11-7
771:978-0-674-06513-0
738:978-3-7909-0202-0
710:"Fritz Neidholdt"
701:978-1-4728-1768-6
494:Gunther Tribukait
441:guerrilla warfare
312:Thuringian Forest
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155:Military service
136:Criminal penalty
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53:16 November 1887
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460:Ben H. Shepherd
340:First World War
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334:Military career
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276:Fritz Neidholdt
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232:Generalleutnant
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188:Weimar Republic
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54:
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23:Fritz Neidholdt
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12:
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5:
871:
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816:Vojna povijest
808:
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706:
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683:
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632:, p. 330.
622:
610:
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581:
579:, p. 231.
569:
563:Vojna povijest
551:
549:, p. 215.
534:
532:, p. 239.
522:
507:
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490:Johann Fortner
486:Alexander Löhr
390:legionary unit
348:Siege of Namur
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108:Known for
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91:FPR Yugoslavia
81:
79:(aged 59)
73:
69:
68:
55:
44:
40:
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34:
26:
25:
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15:
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6:
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2:
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664:
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623:
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619:
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577:Shepherd 2012
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547:Shepherd 2012
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396:under German
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379:Nikola Mandić
375:
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368:Western Front
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344:Western front
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124:Conviction(s)
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65:German Empire
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27:
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753:(in German).
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713:
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482:war criminal
479:
464:
453:
447:in Northern
413:
383:
337:
327:Fahnenjunker
308:Schleusingen
304:Sankt Kilian
301:
292:war criminal
280:World War II
275:
274:
261:World War II
249:Battles/wars
201:Nazi Germany
77:(1947-03-05)
75:5 March 1947
57:Sankt Kilian
838:1947 deaths
833:1887 births
530:Keilig 1983
467:Bjelojevići
422:World War I
362:became the
256:World War I
827:Categories
504:References
449:Montenegro
445:Case Black
433:Case White
360:Reichswehr
298:Early life
288:Yugoslavia
160:Allegiance
130:War crimes
49:1887-11-16
402:Stockerau
364:Wehrmacht
244:(1942–44)
223:1907–1945
214:Wehrmacht
87:PR Serbia
238:Commands
83:Belgrade
682:Sources
471:Burmazi
420:of the
406:Austria
789:
768:
735:
698:
475:Stolac
437:Bosnia
398:cadres
210:Branch
198:
185:
172:
142:(1947)
727:[
356:Bzura
354:near
306:near
140:Death
787:ISBN
766:ISBN
733:ISBN
696:ISBN
565:2014
473:and
388:, a
228:Rank
72:Died
43:Born
330:).
829::
749:.
712:.
554:^
537:^
469:,
404:,
89:,
85:,
63:,
59:,
795:.
774:.
741:.
716:.
704:.
646:.
567:.
520:.
318:(
51:)
47:(
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