545:
182:
780:
395:, he developed an interest in chemistry at a young age and conducted chemistry experiments in his parents' home. His family was of modest means, and his father died at a young age, worsening the family's financial situation. Financial considerations limited Strassmann's initial choices of where to pursue his
710:
In 1953, Strassmann gave up the directorship, choosing instead to focus on his research and scholarship at the
University of Mainz. He succeeded in building up the department's capabilities, and he worked directly with students. Strassmann began these undertakings at the University of Mainz with a
514:
they concealed a Jewish woman, musician Andrea
Wolfenstein, in their apartment for months, putting themselves and their three-year-old son at risk. Strassmann continued his research in radiochemistry during World War II, although he did not work on weapons development. He disdained the Nazi regime
506:
to find an assistantship for
Strassmann at half pay, and he eventually became a special assistant to Meitner and Hahn. Strassmann considered himself fortunate, for "despite my affinity for chemistry, I value my personal freedom so highly that to preserve it I would break stones for a living."
560:
and Paul Savič reported results from their investigations on irradiating uranium with neutrons. They were unable to identify the substances that formed as a result of the uranium irradiation. Strassmann, with Hahn, was able to identify the element
33:
338:
541:. Of these three scientists, only Strassmann was able to remain focused on their joint experimental investigations. Meitner, being Jewish, was forced to leave Nazi Germany, and Hahn had extensive administrative duties.
701:
In 1950 Strassmann became the official director of the institute. After
Mattauch returned to the institute in 1951, there was considerable conflict over the allocation of resources to their respective departments.
375:. In their second publication on nuclear fission in February 1939, Strassmann and Hahn predicted the existence and liberation of additional neutrons during the fission process, opening up the possibility of a
849:. Reports in this publication were classified as "Top Secret". The reports therefore had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the
449:
with Otto Hahn, who arranged twice for his scholarship to be renewed. When his scholarship expired in
September 1932, Strassmann continued to work as a research student in Hahn's laboratory, without a
1595:
611:
Strassmann developed methods for the dating of the age of minerals and other inorganic substances based on the half-life of radioactive elements and the enrichment of decay products. Strassmann and
877:
Fritz Straßmann: "Über die Löslichkeit von Jod in gasförmiger
Kohlensäure", Zeitschrift f. physikal. Chemie. Abt. A., Bd. 143 (1929) and PhD thesis Technical University of Hannover, 1930
619:
in 1936 and 1937, and
Strassmann continued this work in 1942 and 1943. His methods are known as emanation methods, and Strassmann's research in this area was fundamental to the field of
310:
715:(B.A.S.F.) to fund an institute for the chemical sciences at the university with a focus on nuclear chemistry. He also lobbied the German federal government to fund a
723:
for research purposes, and a special institute for nuclear chemistry. Strassman's creation, the
Institute for Nuclear Chemistry, officially opened on 3 April 1967.
586:
confirmed
Strassman and Hahn's report experimentally on 13 January 1939. Frisch and Meitner explained Strassman's and Hahn's findings as being from nuclear fission.
254:
220:
284:
259:
249:
948:
274:
234:
229:
1590:
1570:
1198:
Volume 27, Number 1, 11-15 (1939). The authors were identified as being at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem. Received 22 December 1938
279:
642:
district, in a textile factory belonging to the Ludwig Haasis company. In April 1945, Hahn and other German physicists were taken into custody as part of
474:. He had known Hartmann for many years, as she was also a member of the same group of young musicians that Strassmann and his wife Maria had belonged to.
268:
244:
1335:
544:
1219:
303:
239:
1580:
1620:
1615:
1560:
857:
434:
1565:
1401:
1247:
1083:
835:
822:(חסיד אמות העולם). Together with his wife Maria (Heckter) Strassmann, he hid a Jew in their apartment, at risk to the lives of his family.
296:
682:'s department, while Nuclear Chemistry was Strassmann's department. Mattauch was appointed director of the institute. Mattauch developed
196:
1145:
687:
264:
1508:
1478:
1280:
627:
654:. In Hahn's absence, Strassmann became director of the chemistry section of the institute. In 1946 Strassmann became professor of
796:
593:
for the discovery of nuclear fission, although Fritz
Strassmann had been acknowledged as an equal collaborator in the discovery.
403:
91:
1030:
464:. He met Maria Heckter Strassmann through a group of young musicians that they both belonged to. The couple had a son, Martin.
1610:
1430:. Washington, D.C.: Scientific and Technical Information Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 259.
391:, Germany, to Richard Strassmann and Julie Strassmann (née Bernsmann). He was the youngest of nine children. Growing up in
865:
845:
686:, and, in his absence, Strassman became acting director in 1948. As of 1949, the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute was renamed the
596:
From 1939 to 1946 working at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute, Strassman contributed to research on the fission products of
524:
861:
819:
731:
171:
1188:Über den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle
181:
483:
582:
reporting the results of their experiments on detection of barium as a product of neutron bombardment of uranium.
1575:
860:
for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The reports are available at the
590:
1192:
On the detection and characteristics of the alkaline earth metals formed by irradiation of uranium with neutrons
1536:
1110:
788:
331:
1350:
363:. Their observation was the key piece of evidence necessary to identify the previously unknown phenomenon of
1216:
761:
630:, the Institute suffered severe bombing damage. For this reason, the institute was temporarily relocated to
578:
515:
and is reported to have said, "If my work would lead to Hitler having an atomic bomb I would kill myself."
850:
779:
376:
1468:
753:
739:
557:
1527:
471:
1605:
1600:
997:
530:
494:
by the Nazi regime. As a result, he could not work in the chemical industry nor could he receive his
423:
407:
406:, supporting himself financially by working as a tutor for other students. He received a diploma in
663:
655:
612:
1585:
792:
651:
616:
583:
415:
206:
112:
1531:
1272:
985:
1504:
1474:
1425:
1397:
1276:
1243:
1141:
1089:
1079:
1075:
750:
716:
675:
659:
643:
605:
1391:
1237:
1005:
804:
549:
427:
396:
153:
1223:
1063:
853:
746:
720:
457:
On 20 July 1937 Strassmann married Maria Heckter who was also a chemist. Strassmann was a
442:
364:
102:
1441:
727:
573:
of the two elements, uranium having atomic number 92 and barium having atomic number 56.
1001:
1265:
711:
few scattered rooms and very little money. He negotiated with the university and with
679:
639:
446:
1161:
1554:
1068:
647:
620:
570:
419:
392:
201:
191:
54:
1301:
683:
511:
499:
495:
368:
72:
418:
in 1929. His doctoral research was on the solubility and reactivity of iodine in
604:. In this way, he contributed to the understanding of the radiochemistry of the
566:
491:
458:
372:
32:
1544:
811:
757:
743:
631:
468:
211:
510:
Strassman's wife Maria supported his refusal to join the Nazi Party. During
1540:
1209:
Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment
1093:
815:
735:
601:
503:
461:
348:
132:
833:
G-151 (27 February 1942) by Otto Hahn and Fritz Straßmann was published in
831:
Zur Folge nach der Entstehung des 2,3 Tage-Isotops des Elements 93 aus Uran
800:
635:
538:
360:
565:
as a major end product in the neutron bombardment of uranium, through a
695:
597:
534:
451:
388:
356:
344:
136:
50:
1009:
562:
467:
Maria Strassmann died of cancer in 1956. In 1959, Strassmann married
438:
352:
1501:
German national socialism and the quest for nuclear power, 1939-1949
730:(Göttingen eighteen), a group of leading nuclear researchers of the
498:
as required to be an independent researcher in Germany at the time.
1503:(1st pbk. ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–274.
778:
768:
691:
543:
533:
in their investigations of the products resulting from bombarding
68:
783:
Memorial to Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann for fissioning uranium
1424:
Scientific and Technology Division, Library of Congress (1967).
712:
487:
422:
in the gas phase, and also enabled him to become experienced in
1470:
Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources
1302:"Chronik des Kaiser-Wilhelm- / Max-Planck-Instituts für Chemie"
882:
Im Schatten der Sensation. Leben und Wirken von Fritz Straßmann
626:
On 15 February 1944 and again on 24 March 1944, as part of the
569:. The result was surprising because of the large difference in
433:
Subsequently, Strassmann received a partial scholarship to the
953:
Encyclopedia.com / Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
411:
402:
Strassmann began his formal chemistry studies in 1920 at the
1267:
Chemical Achievers: The Human Face of the Chemical Sciences
576:
In December 1938, Hahn and Strassmann sent a manuscript to
1396:. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 50–51.
548:
Nuclear fission experimental setup, reconstructed at the
905:"Hitler and the Bomb". New York Times. 11 December 1988.
767:
Strassmann retired in 1970. He died on 22 April 1980 in
529:
Hahn and Meitner made use of Strassmann's expertise in
1596:
Academic staff of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
984:
Friedlander, Gerhart; Herrmann, Günter (April 1981).
1074:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p.
1239:
Heavy Water and the Wartime Race for Nuclear Energy
152:
142:
128:
108:
97:
87:
79:
61:
39:
23:
1264:
1067:
367:, as was subsequently recognized and published by
1140:(1st pbk. ed.). Cambridge University Press.
343:; 22 February 1902 – 22 April 1980) was a German
1390:Castell, Lutz; Ischebeck, Otfried, eds. (2003).
1031:"Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, and Fritz Strassmann"
1539:– his activity to save Jews' lives during the
791:honored Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann with the
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
304:
8:
1467:Hentschel, Klaus; Hentschel, Ann M. (1996).
1138:Nuclear weapons : what you need to know
1105:
1103:
674:The Institute consisted of two departments:
810:In 1985 Fritz Strassmann was recognized by
615:developed the rubidium-strontium method of
1296:
1294:
1292:
311:
297:
167:
31:
20:
1271:. Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp.
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
900:
898:
843:), an internal publication of the German
351:in December 1938, identified the element
1329:
1327:
1325:
1115:The Righteous Among the Nations Database
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
454:but also without having to pay tuition.
949:"Strassmann, Friedrich Wilhelm (Fritz)"
894:
490:-controlled public corporation. He was
219:
170:
1226:. The paper is dated 17 January 1939.
1168:. Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
858:United States Atomic Energy Commission
445:, beginning in 1929. There he studied
435:Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry
1136:Bernstein, Jeremy (8 February 2010).
482:In 1933 Strassmann resigned from the
330:
7:
1487:Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte
836:Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte
1473:. Birkhäuser. p. XVI, XLVIII.
1215:, Volume 143, Number 3616, 276-276
841:Research Reports in Nuclear Physics
726:In 1957 Strassmann was one of the
355:as a product of the bombardment of
1591:Scientists from the Rhine Province
1571:German Righteous Among the Nations
713:Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabriken
688:Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
399:and what subjects they should be.
14:
862:Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center
628:Bombing of Berlin in World War II
1336:"Cosmochemistry along the Rhine"
797:International Astronomical Union
742:, Göttinger Erklärung) opposing
404:Technical University of Hannover
180:
92:Technical University of Hannover
1581:Nuclear program of Nazi Germany
1446:JPL Small-Body Database Browser
1309:Max-Planck-Instituts für Chemie
1070:Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics
760:, Western Germany's army, with
690:, and moved from Tailfingen to
670:Administrative responsibilities
1621:Max Planck Institute directors
430:was Professor Hermann Braune.
1:
1616:German people of World War II
1561:Enrico Fermi Award recipients
1532:1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1442:"19136 Strassmann (1989 AZ6)"
1393:Time, Quantum and Information
1236:Per F Dahl (1 January 1999).
866:American Institute of Physics
556:In 1937 and 1938, scientists
1566:20th-century German chemists
1485:, See Appendix E; entry for
1427:Astronautics and Aeronautics
525:Discovery of nuclear fission
324:Friedrich Wilhelm Strassmann
44:Friedrich Wilhelm Strassmann
1263:Bowden, Mary Ellen (1997).
1242:. CRC Press. pp. 73–.
820:Righteous Among the Nations
732:Federal Republic of Germany
646:and interned at Farm Hall,
589:In 1944, Hahn received the
478:Activities during Nazi rule
383:Personal life and education
1637:
1375:Bernstein, Jeremy (1996).
1186:O. Hahn and F. Strassmann
522:
484:Society of German Chemists
332:[fʁɪt͡sˈʃtʁasˌman]
16:German chemist (1902–1980)
1379:. Woodbury NY: AIP Press.
1349:(1): 4–10. Archived from
1166:spartacus-educational.com
1035:Science History Institute
591:Nobel Prize for Chemistry
486:when it became part of a
162:
146:Kaiser-Wilhelm Institutes
121:
30:
1343:Geochemical Perspectives
789:President Lyndon Johnson
762:tactical nuclear weapons
678:and Nuclear Physics was
1334:Palme, Herbert (2018).
1222:23 January 2009 at the
387:Strassmann was born in
65:22 April 1980 (aged 78)
787:In 1966 United States
784:
775:Honors and recognition
756:'s plans to equip the
553:
377:nuclear chain reaction
1611:Rare earth scientists
1499:Walker, Mark (1993).
1377:Hitler's Uranium Club
884:; Verlag Chemie, 1981
782:
547:
531:analytical chemistry
424:analytical chemistry
408:chemical engineering
1196:Naturwissenschaften
1002:1981PhT....34d..84F
664:University of Mainz
656:inorganic chemistry
579:Naturwissenschaften
148:University of Mainz
1217:(18 February 1939)
1162:"Fritz Strassmann"
1111:"Strassmann Fritz"
986:"Fritz Strassmann"
793:Enrico Fermi Award
785:
754:Franz-Josef Strauß
740:Göttinger Manifest
728:Göttinger Achtzehn
652:Cambridge, England
617:radiometric dating
558:Irène Joliot-Curie
554:
416:physical chemistry
207:Seven Laws of Noah
113:Enrico Fermi Award
1403:978-3-662-10557-3
1249:978-0-7503-0633-1
1085:978-0-520-08906-8
1010:10.1063/1.2914536
751:defense secretary
717:neutron generator
676:Mass Spectrometry
660:nuclear chemistry
644:Operation Epsilon
606:actinide elements
410:in 1924, and his
321:
320:
174:Among the Nations
166:
165:
123:Scientific career
1628:
1576:Nuclear chemists
1537:Fritz Strassmann
1515:
1514:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1340:
1331:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1298:
1287:
1286:
1270:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1233:
1227:
1205:
1199:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1073:
1064:Sime, Ruth Lewin
1060:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
981:
964:
963:
961:
959:
944:
907:
906:
902:
856:and sent to the
805:19136 Strassmann
706:Renewed research
550:Deutsches Museum
472:Irmgard Hartmann
428:doctoral advisor
397:higher education
342:
341:
340:
334:
329:
313:
306:
299:
197:Rescuers of Jews
184:
168:
154:Doctoral advisor
117:
101:Co-discovery of
47:22 February 1902
35:
25:Fritz Strassmann
21:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1551:
1550:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1481:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1356:on 31 July 2020
1353:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1290:
1283:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1224:Wayback Machine
1206:
1202:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1086:
1062:
1061:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
983:
982:
967:
957:
955:
947:Krafft, Fritz.
946:
945:
910:
904:
903:
896:
891:
874:
872:Further reading
854:Operation Alsos
828:
826:Internal report
777:
747:Konrad Adenauer
721:nuclear reactor
708:
672:
600:, uranium, and
527:
521:
480:
426:. Strassmann's
385:
365:nuclear fission
337:
336:
335:
327:
317:
173:
147:
115:
103:Nuclear fission
75:
66:
57:
48:
46:
45:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1534:
1523:
1522:External links
1520:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1491:
1479:
1459:
1433:
1416:
1402:
1382:
1367:
1321:
1288:
1281:
1255:
1248:
1228:
1200:
1179:
1153:
1147:978-0521126373
1146:
1128:
1099:
1084:
1048:
1022:
965:
908:
893:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
880:Fritz Krafft:
878:
873:
870:
827:
824:
776:
773:
707:
704:
680:Josef Mattauch
671:
668:
523:Main article:
520:
517:
479:
476:
447:radiochemistry
384:
381:
319:
318:
316:
315:
308:
301:
293:
290:
289:
288:
287:
282:
277:
272:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
224:
223:
217:
216:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
186:
185:
177:
176:
164:
163:
160:
159:
158:Hermann Braune
156:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
130:
126:
125:
119:
118:
110:
106:
105:
99:
98:Known for
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
67:
63:
59:
58:
49:
43:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1633:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1510:0-521-43804-7
1506:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1480:9783034802031
1476:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1460:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1417:
1405:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1310:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:9780941901123
1278:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:O. R. Frisch
1204:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:Physics Today
987:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
966:
954:
950:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
909:
901:
899:
895:
888:
883:
879:
876:
875:
871:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
852:
848:
847:
842:
838:
837:
832:
825:
823:
821:
817:
814:Institute in
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
781:
774:
772:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
752:
748:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
705:
703:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
669:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:Godmanchester
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
621:geochronology
618:
614:
613:Ernst Walling
609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
587:
585:
581:
580:
574:
572:
571:atomic number
568:
564:
559:
551:
546:
542:
540:
536:
532:
526:
518:
516:
513:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
477:
475:
473:
470:
465:
463:
460:
455:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
420:carbonic acid
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
339:
333:
325:
314:
309:
307:
302:
300:
295:
294:
292:
291:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
270:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
226:
225:
222:
218:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
202:Righteousness
200:
198:
195:
193:
192:The Holocaust
190:
189:
188:
187:
183:
179:
178:
175:
169:
161:
157:
155:
151:
145:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
64:
60:
56:
55:German Empire
52:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1500:
1494:
1486:
1469:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1445:
1436:
1426:
1419:
1407:. Retrieved
1392:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1351:the original
1346:
1342:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:
1266:
1258:
1238:
1231:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1165:
1156:
1137:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1117:. Yad Vashem
1114:
1069:
1039:. Retrieved
1034:
1025:
1013:. Retrieved
996:(4): 84–86.
993:
989:
956:. Retrieved
952:
881:
844:
840:
834:
830:
829:
809:
786:
766:
734:who wrote a
725:
709:
700:
684:tuberculosis
673:
625:
610:
595:
588:
577:
575:
555:
528:
512:World War II
509:
500:Lise Meitner
496:habilitation
481:
466:
456:
432:
401:
386:
369:Lise Meitner
323:
322:
143:Institutions
122:
73:West Germany
18:
1606:1980 deaths
1601:1902 births
1452:31 December
1409:26 December
1360:31 December
1314:26 December
1121:31 December
1041:31 December
1037:. June 2016
1015:31 December
958:31 December
803:after him:
640:Württemberg
584:Otto Frisch
567:decay chain
502:encouraged
492:blacklisted
459:self-taught
373:Otto Frisch
80:Nationality
1555:Categories
1545:Yad Vashem
846:Uranverein
812:Yad Vashem
758:Bundeswehr
744:chancellor
632:Tailfingen
469:journalist
393:Düsseldorf
347:who, with
255:Lithuanian
221:By country
212:Yad Vashem
1586:Otto Hahn
1541:Holocaust
1528:Otto Hahn
816:Jerusalem
799:named an
736:manifesto
638:) in the
602:neptunium
552:, Munich.
504:Otto Hahn
462:violinist
349:Otto Hahn
285:Ukrainian
260:Norwegian
250:Hungarian
172:Righteous
133:Physicist
88:Education
1220:Archived
1094:32893857
1066:(1996).
864:and the
801:asteroid
636:Albstadt
539:neutrons
361:neutrons
275:Romanian
235:Croatian
230:Austrian
1547:website
1172:1 April
998:Bibcode
696:Germany
662:at the
650:, near
598:thorium
535:uranium
452:stipend
389:Boppard
357:uranium
345:chemist
328:German:
280:Serbian
137:Chemist
51:Boppard
1507:
1477:
1448:. NASA
1400:
1279:
1246:
1213:Nature
1144:
1092:
1082:
851:Allied
795:. The
563:barium
519:Career
443:Dahlem
439:Berlin
353:barium
265:Polish
245:German
129:Fields
116:(1966)
109:Awards
83:German
1543:, at
1354:(PDF)
1339:(PDF)
1305:(PDF)
1275:-80.
889:Notes
769:Mainz
692:Mainz
634:(now
537:with
359:with
240:Czech
69:Mainz
1505:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1454:2019
1411:2019
1398:ISBN
1362:2019
1316:2019
1277:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1174:2020
1142:ISBN
1123:2019
1090:OCLC
1080:ISBN
1043:2019
1017:2019
960:2019
749:and
719:, a
658:and
488:Nazi
371:and
269:list
62:Died
40:Born
1194:),
1076:157
1006:doi
818:as
437:in
414:in
412:PhD
1557::
1530:,
1444:.
1345:.
1341:.
1324:^
1307:.
1291:^
1273:76
1211:,
1164:.
1113:.
1102:^
1088:.
1078:.
1051:^
1033:.
1004:.
994:34
992:.
988:.
968:^
951:.
911:^
897:^
868:.
807:.
771:.
764:.
698:.
694:,
666:.
623:.
608:.
379:.
135:,
71:,
53:,
1513:.
1489:.
1483:.
1456:.
1413:.
1364:.
1347:7
1318:.
1285:.
1252:.
1190:(
1176:.
1150:.
1125:.
1096:.
1045:.
1019:.
1008::
1000::
962:.
839:(
738:(
441:-
326:(
312:e
305:t
298:v
271:)
267:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
