640:
421:
166:
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350:
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380:
253:
281:
367:
666:
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784:, frontispieces also took on semi-oval structures which decorated the tops of the entrances with added embellishments synonymous to the household or building. Frontispieces during this period featured more opulent and theatric style in ornamentation and grandeur as was common during the era. During this period, the use of broken frontispieces and heavy ornaments was featured in many of the buildings. This is seen in
17:
333:
215:. Following this development, authors began using the frontispieces of books, usually one of the only illustrations in the books during that period, to imply and communicate their perspectives and intentions as it was seen as the readerās first gateway and glimpse into the bookā namely to put their literary stamp in their book as artists did with their works of art during that period.
437:
875:
1900:
141:, frontispieces should be used in reference to ornaments and structures specifically on the principle face of the building, while pediments should be used to describe smaller ornamentation above gates, windows, doors, etc. especially ones with 'a triangular space that forms the gable of a low-pitched roof and that is usually filled with
705:." Although there was nothing new about the principle features of the faƧade, the stylistic attempts at consistency and symmetry in the structure of the frontispiece showed the growing awareness, during the late renaissance era in England, for 'regularity in planning and greater visual unity and symmetry' and a 'consistent use of the
747:
in
English Renaissance architecture, that the most impressive and architecturally sophisticated frontispieces were often set against houses 'by men who enjoyed or aspired to preferment and high office, with the immense political power and social prestige, and by academics who wished to give permanent
416:
In its classical form, the frontispiece of a building is commonly used to describe the āgable surmounting the faƧade of an ancient temple in classical architectureā which is now often known as a pediment and used as ornaments to the entrance of a building. During this era, frontispieces were used to
827:
frontispieces were often described as āa portion of the faƧade of a building, that is slightly raised from the rest of the buildingā using engaged columns with lighter ornamentation. Frontispieces during the neoclassical era commonly consisted of simple geometric shapes with a large emphasis on the
227:
between the 8th century BC and 6th century AD, frontispieces often consisted of a triangular gable, more specifically called the pediment of the building, which sat atop columns. Elaborate frontispieces were often only present on the faƧades of sacred buildings such as temples and tombs. Especially
490:, which refers to the architectural system of using different styles of columns for each storey of a building, was introduced and often used for decorative functions in classical architecture. One of the most popular examples of superimposed orders was on the classical faƧade of the
129:
meaning āto look at'. As a whole, the word took on the meaning: āa view of the forehead, judgement of character through facial featuresā. Incorporated into the architectural sphere, it signifies the physical characteristics of the exterior of a building, especially pertaining to the
748:
expression to the distinction of their college and university'. Frontispieces of this nature were purely for applied and decorative functions, even the 'fullest extent of the role of the columns in their load-bearing capacity was to hold up each other and not the building'.
68:. However, some architectural authors have often used the term "frontispiece" and "pediment" interchangeably in reference to both large frontispieces decorating the main entrances, as well as smaller frontispieces framing windows which is traditionally known as a pediment.
152:
In modern day architecture, the frontispiece of a building is often referred to as the "faƧade" of the building. Some architectural authors have also interchangeably used "frontispiece" with the word "pediment" in recent years given the similar nature of the
605:, which ushered a revival of ancient Greek and Roman classical architectural forms, saw the introduction and proliferation of classical elements, which included the frequent usage of large columns and pediments. Classical elements, such as
322:, can be identified by their non-continuous triangular outline, usually open at the top apex. One of the prominent variations of a broken pediment is a swan-necked or ram's head pediment which has a highly ornamented S-shape.
775:
depicts a baroque influenced architectural frontispiece, featuring an unusual broken pediment as it is the result of superimposing two temple fronts, resulting in a triangular pediment (above) ābreakingā the bottom pediment.
239:
In the 21st century, frontispieces were more commonly used in reference to small frontispieces above windows and doors serving the pure purpose of ornamentation. The smaller frontispieces of this period often feature
456:, frontispieces can refer to both large ornamentation on the triangular tops of buildings as well as smaller frontispieces. Larger frontispieces found on the front faƧades of sacred buildings often depicted
448:, where successive storeys of the building have different variations of columns. This style of faƧades was developed in ancient Greece and Rome and later used in the Renaissance era architecture.
1459:
94:
can be distinguished by the different variations of pediments used (triangular, segmented, open or broken pediments), as well as the ornamentation of the columns corresponding to a particular
657:
shows the introduction of
Renaissance ideas in English building design. The decorative elements on the faƧade made of moulded terracotta was a distinctive feature of the Italian Renaissance.
83:
architecture, a large emphasis is placed on simplicity and practicality when designing the faƧades of buildings. Traditional decorative frontispieces are rarely used in the designing of
52:, usually referring to a combination of elements that frame and decorate the main or front entrance of a building. The earliest and most notable variation of frontispieces can be seen in
639:
420:
296:
Another distinguishing feature of frontispieces is the style of pediments used which can range from triangular pediments, segmental pediments, open pediments to broken pediments.
417:
describe ornaments on the principle face of the building and were predominantly used above large columns in the entrance, making up a large part of the faƧade of the building.
165:
724:
In contrast to the predominantly decorative functions of frontispieces in the
Classical Era, the sixteenth century also brought the introduction of the first classical
1543:
557:
also popularised the use of smaller, ornamental frontispieces surrounding windows. Many well-preserved examples of Roman influenced frontispieces can be found in
1144:
525:
612:
In the late 1520s to early 1530s, there was a revival of the heavy use of dense classical ornaments on the frontispieces which can be seen on the facade of
272:, found bracketing the entrance of buildings, is often used as one of the distinguishing features between frontispieces of different architectural periods.
472:, is one of the most recognisable examples of a classically designed frontispiece. Built in 447BC, the ionic pediments of the Parthenon primarily featured
572:, treasury of ancient Rome, which features classical Roman architecture with both traditional triangular pediments as well as elaborate broken pediments.
349:
583:
also features etchings of frontispiece styles popular during this era which include the use of smaller, decorative frontispieces with curved pediments.
370:
This image features an open pediment where the usual strong horizontal line (at the bottom) of the pediment is incomplete and filled by an emblem.
643:
The classical decor above the entrance of
Hengrave Hall depicts the dense ornaments used in a frontispiece designed in the Early Renaissance Era.
709:'. The three-storey frontispiece prominently placed at the centre of the faƧade of the Old Somerset House comprised a gateway in the form of a
801:
772:
1904:
1578:
1519:
25:
1103:
1558:
990:
71:
Frontispieces in pre-20th century architecture were considered decorative and ornamental structures used predominantly to dignify the
1870:
959:
and are characterised by mild colour palettes consisting of pewter grays, soft pastel shades with flashes of bright metallic shades.
1729:
1374:
549:
The move from the typical triangular pediments to segmental, curved pediments is seen in the carvings on the imperial sarcophagi in
867:
feature large scale broken pediments at the top of their buildings providing a post-modern take on broken pediments often found in
1047:
1925:
736:. The portico served the more practical and structural purpose of providing a covered walkway at the entrance of the building.
340:
in Paris features a triangular pediment, featuring two symmetrical straight lines sloping to the ends of a horizontal cornice.
609:, were reintroduced in the sixteenth century to dignify the entrances to some important houses and some collegiate buildings.
701:, a front composed altogether in the classical taste" and was "unquestionably one of the most influential buildings of the
310:, also called round or curved pediments have a rounded cornice replacing two sides of the traditional triangular pediment.
387:
features a broken pediment where the top of the usual triangular outline is broken by an emblem of a double headed eagle.
1301:
Conroy, Derval (18 July 2013). "In the
Beginning was the Image: Feminist Iconography and the Frontispiece in the 1640s".
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1845:
534:
424:
This image features a reconstruction of the west pediment of the
Parthenon depicting the mythological gods, Athena and
565:
due to the use of āfine quality building stoneā while others constructed with a decorative veneer were quickly lost.
1818:
625:
453:
289:
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53:
306:
or ledge, with the apex at the top, two symmetrical straight lines sloping to the ends of the horizontal cornice.
824:
1337:
767:
886:
Though some architects have designed buildings modernising on architectural styles and structures of the past,
713:
with superimposed orders and columns flanking windows the structure of which can be traced back to the arch in
602:
1599:
Holland, Leicester Bodine (March 1921). "Transformations of the
Classic Pediment in Romanesque Architecture".
1390:
Holland, Leicester Bodine (March 1921). "Transformations of the
Classic Pediment in Romanesque Architecture".
1246:
804:, in Venice which features an unusual broken pediment as it is the result of superimposing two temple fronts.
852:
554:
252:
106:
The word frontispiece describes the "decorated entrance of a building" and is historically derived from the
91:
84:
80:
956:
729:
541:) features smaller, more ornamental frontispieces with a segmental, curved pediment on either side of the
530:
483:
146:
1484:
280:
379:
199:
From the 17th century, the word "frontispiece" became synonymous to the small illustrations facing the
314:
can be distinguished by the absent or nearly absent strong horizontal line (cornice) of the pediment.
211:
would often borrow stylistic elements from architecture such as drawings of columns and architectural
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These illustrations depict some of the varying types of pediments and columns commonly found in
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75:
of the building rather than for any structural or practical purpose. With the proliferation of
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208:
1009:
Lancaster, Clay (March 1950). "Adaptations from Greek
Revival Builders' Guides in Kentucky".
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616:, Suffolk, England built in 1538, as well as the addition of elements distinctive of the
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with buildings combining clean lines and architectural profiles usually tied to iconic
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which translates roughly to āthe elegant beauty of humble simplicityā, encapsulating
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and the āemphasis on rational use and functionā and popularised in the late 1980s in
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of accepting nature and āfavouring the imperfect and incomplete in everythingā. The
649:
894:, contrary to grandiose nature of frontispieces seen from the Classical Era to the
718:
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580:
538:
204:
41:
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depicts smaller frontispieces framing windows and side entrances commonly known as
16:
302:, often the most commonly used style of pediment features a triangle framed by a
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moulded decorative elements featured on the faƧade of the hall entrance to
436:
72:
49:
1899:
1777:
Bury, J.B. (1 October 1956). "Late
Baroque and Rococo in North Portugal".
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1721:
The early Tudor country house : architecture and politics, 1490-1550
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502:, set one above the other with each storey corresponding to a particular
425:
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seen in ancient Greece and Rome, frontispieces were often used to depict
61:
33:
898:. Minimalism in architecture is often characterised by the rejection of
1030:
917:
These moves towards minimalism can be seen in the proliferation of the
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480:, who was the patron of the Ancient city of Athens and the Parthenon.
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188:
181:. There are architectural influences in the broken pediment sat atop
142:
65:
1104:"Ornamentation in Contemporary Architecture - Rethinking The Future"
1090:
The Entrance-Portico in the architecture of Great Britain, 1630-1850
1022:
1790:
1612:
1403:
1338:"8 famous artists who kid their self-portraits in their paintings"
955:
are inspired by the Scandinavian landscape of fjords, forests and
945:
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922:
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A modern faƧade incorporating minimalistic elements such as clean
697:
was considered one of "the first deliberate attempts to build, in
638:
524:
419:
365:
331:
251:
232:
or even important figures in society depending on the purpose and
57:
15:
550:
568:
Romanesque influences in frontispieces can also be seen in the
1460:"Design Intervention: The long and noble history of pediments"
460:
or important figures in history depending on the purpose, and
1677:"Della Robbia: Sculpting with Color in Renaissance Florence"
195:(the author), himself, in the manner of a classical statue.
494:. Built in 70AD, the Colosseum featured an arrangement of
1642:
1640:
1638:
1192:
1190:
1846:"Minimalist Modern: The Architecture of Rural Retreats"
1563:
A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
244:, which are partly embedded in the wall of the faƧade.
1754:"Portico - History of Early American Landscape Design"
983:
The Complete Dictionary Of Arts And Sciences, Volume 2
1707:. G. Allen & Unwin Limited, 1935. pp. 45ā46.
739:It was noted by Richard John Riddell, who analysed
1779:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
717:, Naples, borrowing the triumphal arch motif from
357:, Spain, features a segmental or curved pediment
114:meaning the faƧade or exterior of the building.
1145:"A Pediment can Make Your Home a Greek Temple"
823:In the late 18th century to the 19th century,
268:The style of the columns, often known as the
8:
796:. Another known example of this is seen in
553:which depicts the architecture of the era.
203:or the ornaments on the title page itself.
1542:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
693:In the mid-16th century, the building of
191:. This image also features a portrait of
873:
766:
664:
648:
476:and lore surrounding the Greek goddess,
435:
396:Development and history of frontispieces
378:
348:
279:
164:
139:Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
1819:"Japan's unusual way to view the world"
1647:Furman, Adam Nathaniel (14 July 2014).
968:
890:seems to be moving in the direction of
498:on a classical frontispiece of several
260:vol. 18 depicts the main variations of
64:, usually supported by a collection of
1705:John Nash, Architect to King George IV
1535:
981:Croker, Temple Henry (12 April 2012).
1840:
1838:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1698:
1696:
1671:
1669:
1360:
1358:
1088:Riddell, Richard John (25 May 2022).
7:
1571:10.1093/acref/9780198606789.001.0001
1511:The classical orders of architecture
1271:"print; frontispiece British Museum"
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792:, who was heavily influenced by the
26:Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya
24:of the Saint George Chapel, at the
1336:Fiore, Julia (26 September 2019).
1303:Seventeenth-Century French Studies
882:and lack of decorative ornaments.
56:which features a large triangular
14:
1365:Dowden, Ken (10 September 1992).
944:has similar roots in minimalism.
1898:
1143:Craven, Jackie (13 April 2019).
888:architecture of the 21st century
859:designed by Ian Pollard and the
125:meaning āforehead or frontā and
1601:American Journal of Archaeology
1508:Chitham, Robert (12 May 2014).
1392:American Journal of Archaeology
1092:(Thesis). University of Oxford.
1048:"Frontispiece Encyclopedia.com"
353:The decorative pediment of the
256:An 18th Century image from the
137:Traditionally according to The
1871:"What Does Hygge Really Mean?"
802:Church of San Giorgio Maggiore
773:Church of San Giorgio Maggiore
50:principal face of the building
1:
1485:"Athena Parthenos by Phidias"
577:Lorenzo and Giulano deāMedici
90:Frontispieces from different
1905:Frontispieces (architecture)
1557:Curl, James Stevens (2006),
836:Post-modernism architecture
1565:, Oxford University Press,
1367:The Uses of Greek Mythology
1202:Online Etymology Dictionary
1108:RTF | Rethinking The Future
921:aesthetics, popularised in
828:use of columns, especially
428:quarrelling for Athens and
346:Segmental (curved) Pediment
161:Frontispieces in literature
1942:
1489:World History Encyclopedia
1170:"Meaning of Frontispieces"
808:Neoclassical architecture
673:showcases rejuvenation of
290:Ancient Roman Architecture
179:First Book of Architecture
134:surrounding the entrance.
54:Ancient Greek Architecture
587:Renaissance architecture
529:A drawing of the tomb of
173:to Campbell's edition of
1718:Howard, Maurice (1987).
1703:Summerson, John (1935).
1649:"Seven Broken Pediments"
1315:10.1179/c17.2001.23.1.27
1223:"Definition of PEDIMENT"
855:, buildings such as the
771:The white faƧade of the
603:Renaissance Architecture
537:(originally sculpted by
510:Romanesque architecture
383:The frontispiece of the
48:is used to describe the
1817:Crossley-Baxter, Lily.
1227:www.merriam-webster.com
555:Romanesque architecture
464:, of the building. The
401:Classical architecture
132:architectural ornaments
1926:Architectural elements
1559:"assemblage of Orders"
883:
777:
732:, which was design by
690:
671:Somerset House, London
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546:
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358:
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265:
209:frontispiece of a book
196:
147:classical architecture
37:
1724:. London: G. Philip.
877:
863:building designed by
770:
752:Baroque architecture
685:and prominent use of
675:classical antiquities
668:
653:The Main Entrance of
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352:
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219:Function and elements
168:
121:stems from the latin
19:
1907:at Wikimedia Commons
1875:Architectural Digest
1174:Cambridge Dictionary
1052:www.encyclopedia.com
869:baroque architecture
851:In the 20th century
794:baroque architecture
782:baroque architecture
655:Sutton Place, Surrey
630:Sutton Place, Surrey
385:Cathedral of AlmerĆa
320:Baroque Architecture
318:, made prominent in
300:Triangular pediments
270:architectural orders
201:title page of a book
1198:"frontispiece (n.)"
730:St Paul's Cathedral
703:English Renaissance
679:superimposed orders
677:such as the use of
620:such as the use of
618:Italian Renaissance
607:superimposed orders
531:Giuliano de' Medici
504:architectural order
488:superimposed orders
468:, built in Ancient
446:superimposed orders
329:Triangular Pediment
308:Segmental pediments
1458:Scott, Gregory J.
1275:The British Museum
884:
861:550 Madison Avenue
853:post-modernism era
778:
695:Old Somerset House
691:
681:, classical Roman
659:
645:
547:
484:Classical elements
454:Greek architecture
450:
434:
389:
372:
359:
355:Valencia Cathedral
342:
336:The faƧade of the
294:
266:
197:
38:
1903:Media related to
1580:978-0-19-860678-9
1521:978-1-4832-7823-0
786:PalƔcio do Freixo
663:
662:
632:, built in 1533.
458:mythological gods
444:in Rome features
393:
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264:in architecture.
236:of the building.
230:mythological gods
96:architectural era
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734:Inigo Jones
669:This image
223:During the
87:buildings.
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1881:2022-05-25
1856:2022-05-25
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1763:2022-05-25
1686:2022-05-25
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1514:. London.
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1434:"Pediment"
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963:References
953:aesthetics
940:notion of
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892:minimalism
622:terracotta
186:Corinthian
157:involved.
1850:ArchDaily
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102:Etymology
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