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361:. At one point it was common to find them throughout the country, however, now they can only be found in five isolated areas. The bulk of the population exists primarily on the eastern half of the island, in the two larger population centers, with the other three smaller populations on the west side of the island. They are able to live in a variety of habitats up 800 metres (2,600 ft). These include humid, dry, and pine forests. It does not have highly specialized habitat preferences needing only forests to conceal its hunting approaches Its natural
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Gundlach's hawks to be reclassified as vulnerable. Perhaps the stabilization of the population can be attributed to conservation efforts that increase awareness of the hawk and its struggles. These conservation efforts include the public campaigning of
Gundlach's hawk, the education of humans on the hawk and its environmental needs. Additional surveys of Cuba to assess current population and trends of Gundlach's hawk are required to determine the condition of the hawk in regards to extinction.
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Typically, Gundlach's hawk nests high up in trees in the forest, such as pines, at about an altitude of 19–25 metres (62–82 ft). Nesting high allows for hawks to prey on other birds that nest at much lower altitudes. Also, the altitude helps protect against predators. Nests are commonly made of
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The hawk is a medium-sized forest raptor. It stands between 43–51 cm (17–20 in) in height and has a stocky body shape. The adult hawk has a dark bluish-gray upper body and wings, with a black head. The under body of the bird is a lighter color. It also has a striped tail that is rounded in
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Gundlach's hawk has been classified as endangered since 1994, due to its small and fragmented population. The past five years however, has shown a stabilization in the hawk's population trends. Population totals in Cuba were estimated to be about 400, including 270 mature hawks. This may warrant
349:. The vocalizations for these calls are different for the sexes with variations in pitch, tempo and length. The male call is softer, clearer, and shallower with a higher peak compared to the female who makes most of the calls and whose call is at a softer pitch.
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Reynard, George B., Lester L. Short, and
Orlando H. Garrido. "Nesting, Voice, Status, And Relationships Of The Endemic Cuban Gundlach's Hawk (Accipiter Gundlachi)." Wilson Bulletin 99.(1987): 73–77. General Science Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 24 Oct.
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Gundlach's hawk feeds almost exclusively on birds. Because of the hawks large feet, it can feed on the Cuban Parrot, the Cuban
Parakeet, and the Cuban Macaw (before it became extinct). Other birds in its diet include doves, pigeons, quail and chicken.
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due to deforestation and logging in Cuba. It not only relies on trees for nesting but also for concealment as they prey on other birds. In addition to the loss of habitat the hawk also faces persecution from farmers because of its liking for poultry.
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Rodrigues
Santana, F. Status, Distribution, Habitat Requirements, and Conservation of Gundlach's Hawk in Cuba. Journal of Ornithology, Aug 1, 2006, Vol. 1, Issue 5, p. 239-239. Web of Science.
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flight. Immature hawks are mostly brown on the top and paler on the bottom, but with dark streaking down the body. Compared to other raptors such as the
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Reynard, George B., Lester L. Short, and
Orlando H. Garrido. "Nesting, Voice, Status, And Relationships Of The Endemic Cuban Gundlach's Hawk (
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Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.
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A female
Gundlach's hawk at UNESCO-listed Alexander Humboldt National Park in Baracoa, Eastern Cuba
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531:. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>.
502:)." Wilson Bulletin 99.(1987): 73-77. General Science Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
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Global Raptor
Information Network. 2013. Species account: Gundlach's Hawk Accipiter gundlachi
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515:), Neotropical Birds Online (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology
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373:. The species was never a common sight, but its population was dispersed throughout Cuba.
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and the "squeal" which is usually associated with species of its type,
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BirdLife
International (2013) Species factsheet: Accipiter gundlachi.
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Whose Bird? Men and Women
Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds
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smaller twigs from the trees that are found in the habitat.
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467:Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2003).
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423:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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357:Gundlach's hawk is found only in
291:(1810–1896). It is threatened by
855:IUCN Red List endangered species
270:. It was formerly placed in the
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412:BirdLife International (2017).
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527:BirdLife International 2012.
875:Taxa named by Juan Gundlach
545:BirdLife Species Factsheet.
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511:. 2010. Gundlach's Hawk (
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390:Gundlach's hawk faces a
353:Distribution and habitat
870:Birds described in 1860
377:Status and conservation
295:and human persecution.
289:Juan Cristobal Gundlach
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865:Endemic birds of Cuba
371:lowland moist forests
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236:Accipiter gundlachii
832:Accipiter-gundlachi
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500:Accipiter gundlachi
416:Accipiter gundlachi
40:Conservation status
555:2013-10-29 at the
279:. It is one of 21
262:) is a species of
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801:Open Tree of Life
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137:Accipitridae
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788:Neotropical
710:iNaturalist
607:Wikispecies
443:11 November
367:dry forests
299:Description
195:Subspecies
849:Categories
827:Xeno-canto
399:References
55:Endangered
276:Accipiter
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
814:Species+
754:22695659
728:10719010
640:22695659
635:BirdLife
592:Wikidata
553:Archived
363:habitats
317:Breeding
312:Behavior
228:Synonyms
187:Lawrence
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
793:gunhaw1
780:1037346
702:2480638
676:gunhaw1
650:gunhaw1
622:Avibase
598:Q114429
386:Threats
326:Feeding
281:endemic
189:, 1860)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
806:229516
741:175323
689:914053
860:Astur
723:IRMNG
671:eBird
647:BOW:
562:2013.
346:Astur
335:Voice
272:genus
148:Astur
819:9391
775:NCBI
749:IUCN
736:ITIS
715:5125
697:GBIF
663:93V9
445:2021
428:2017
369:and
365:are
359:Cuba
285:Cuba
117:Aves
762:NBN
684:EoL
658:CoL
432:doi
341:kek
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
