431:
463:
443:
40:
233:, with an incidence of fewer than 2 cases per 100,000 people per year in the United States. It is particularly common in central and South America, central and eastern Europe, Japan and northern India; it is also common in certain ethnic groups e.g. Native American Indians and Hispanics. If it is diagnosed early enough, it can be cured by removing the
272:. Porcelain gallbladder is also rare. Some studies indicate that people with porcelain gallbladder have a high risk of developing gallbladder cancer, but other studies question this. The outlook is poor for recovery if the cancer is found after symptoms have started to occur, with a 5-year survival rate of close to 3%.
517:
may also be used with surgery. If gallbladder cancer is diagnosed after cholecystectomy for stone disease (incidental cancer), re-operation to remove part of liver and lymph nodes is required in most cases. When it is done as early as possible, patients have the best chance of long-term survival and
337:
states that in the presence of a palpably enlarged gallbladder which is nontender and accompanied with mild painless jaundice, the cause is unlikely to be gallstones. This implicates possible malignancy of the gallbladder or pancreas, and the swelling is unlikely due to gallstones due to the chronic
504:
in the vicinity are also removed. Sometimes removal of a large part of the liver called hepatectomy is required to completely remove the tumor. The bile duct if involved also needs to be removed. However, with gallbladder cancer's extremely poor prognosis, most patients will die within a year of
587:. The tumors in about 25% of patients with biliary tract cancer have some form of DNA damage repair deficiency. Knowledge of such deficiencies can be exploited to potentially increase response to treatment strategies that are currently available such as
1453:
1434:
1000:
Duffy, A.; Capanu, M.; Abou-Alfa, G. K.; Huitzil, D.; Jarnagin, W.; Fong, Y.; D'Angelica, M.; Dematteo, R. P.; Blumgart, L. H. (2008-12-01). "Gallbladder cancer (GBC): 10-year experience at
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC)".
1397:
Lamarca A, Barriuso J, McNamara MG, Valle JW. Biliary Tract Cancer: State of the Art and potential role of DNA Damage Repair. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018 Nov;70:168-177. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.09.002. Epub 2018 Sep 8. PMID
442:
430:
385:
Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to be associated with gallbladder cancer; however, existing genetic studies in GBC susceptibility have so far been insufficient to confirm any
342:, published in Germany in 1890, were not originally cited as a law, and no mention of malignancy or pain (tenderness) was made. These points are commonly misquoted or confused in the medical literature.
1056:
1518:
959:
Srivastava K, Srivastava A, Sharma KL, Mittal B. Candidate gene studies in gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mutat Res. 2011 Jul–Oct;728(1–2):67–79.
488:
which mimics gallbladder cancer although it is not cancerous. It was first discovered and reported in the medical literature in 1976 by J.J. McCoy Jr., and colleagues.
462:
420:, and MR cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) can be used for diagnosis. A large number of gallbladder cancers are found incidentally in patients being evaluated for
541:
Gallbladder cancer is more common in South
American countries, Japan, and Israel; in Chile, gallbladder cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths.
1749:
404:
Early diagnosis is not generally possible. People at high risk, such as women or Native
Americans with gallstones, are evaluated closely. Transabdominal
1774:
1132:
Rao RV, Kumar A, Sikora SS, Saxena R, Kapoor VK (2005). "Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: differentiation from associated gall bladder carcinoma".
496:
If detected early in a stage where it has not spread, gallbladder cancer can be treated by surgery. Surgery for gallbladder cancer is called radical
1511:
1999:
1859:
509:
or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) of the biliary tree can reduce jaundice and a stent in the stomach may relieve vomiting.
424:, or gallstone formation, which is far more common. A biopsy is the only certain way to tell whether or not the tumorous growth is malignant.
944:
500:
or extended cholecystectomy. It entails the removal of gallbladder along with adequate removal of its liver bed to the healthy tissue. The
1255:
1238:
2069:
2048:
2004:
1504:
1052:
671:
1611:
1334:
National Cancer
Registry Programme (2013).Three-year report of population based cancer registries:2009-2011. NCDIR-ICMR, Bangalore.
338:
inflammation associated with gallstones leading to a shrunken, non-distensible gallbladder. However, the original observations of
1907:
619:
481:
382:
carriers have 3 to 200 times higher risk of gallbladder cancer than non-carriers and 1–6% lifetime risk of development of cancer
579:
A better understanding of the biology of biliary tract cancers, including gallbladder cancer, is being achieved by advances in
2074:
2009:
1812:
1769:
1740:
639:
369:
1720:
1159:
McCoy JJ, Vila R, Petrossian G, McCall RA, Reddy KS (March 1976). "Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Report of two cases".
1083:"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma with a false-positive result on fluorodeoxyglucose PET"
2038:
1712:
1625:
1535:
1978:
1754:
1730:
550:
The age adjusted incidence rates of gallbladder cancer is highest in Chile, followed by in the state of Assam in India
1716:
1994:
1735:
1589:
1902:
1831:
1527:
580:
2079:
1854:
1708:
1468:
837:
339:
1186:
835:
Fitzgerald, J Edward F; White
Matthew J; Lobo Dileep N (Apr 2009). "Courvoisier's gallbladder: law or sign?".
1211:
2043:
1792:
1561:
892:
Folseraas, T; Boberg, KM (February 2016). "Cancer Risk and
Surveillance in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis".
201:
119:
94:
1884:
1672:
1634:
1544:
165:
657:
1411:
269:
1744:
1889:
538:
Gallbladder cancer is relatively rare, affecting fewer than 5000 people in the United States per year
334:
145:
756:
691:
326:
Early symptoms mimic gallbladder inflammation due to gallstones. Later, the symptoms may be that of
264:
It is a rare cancer that is thought to be related to gallstones building up, which also can lead to
1457:
506:
485:
755:
Henley, S. Jane; Weir, Hannah K.; Jim, Melissa A.; Watson, Meg; Richardson, Lisa C. (2018-09-27).
583:. This research is providing insight into deficiencies in the tumor cell's ability to accurately
1931:
1871:
1700:
1696:
1034:
874:
784:
737:
65:
547:
Up to 5 times more common in women than men depending on population (e.g. 73% female in China)
2016:
1968:
1959:
1682:
1584:
1553:
1479:
1377:
1317:
1268:
1260:
1168:
1141:
1114:
1026:
1018:
940:
909:
866:
858:
817:
776:
729:
514:
351:
Gender— approximately twice as common in women than men, usually in seventh and eighth decades
185:
152:
47:
1817:
1691:
1606:
1594:
1367:
1357:
1307:
1299:
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1104:
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1010:
932:
901:
850:
768:
721:
708:
Henley, S. Jane; Weir, Hannah K.; Jim, Melissa A.; Watson, Meg; Richardson, Lisa C. (2015).
379:
305:
171:
52:
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1642:
497:
453:
258:
1973:
1936:
1866:
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1704:
1647:
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1566:
1372:
1345:
1312:
1287:
1109:
1082:
527:
469:
449:
364:
115:
70:
2063:
1917:
1599:
976:
846:
596:
531:
360:
265:
17:
1462:
1288:"Gallstones and the risk of biliary tract cancer: a population-based study in China"
1038:
878:
1879:
592:
588:
510:
189:
788:
772:
741:
725:
709:
1473:
658:"Types of gallbladder cancer | Gallbladder cancer | Cancer Research UK"
1944:
1897:
1840:
1784:
936:
676:
624:
501:
310:
284:
234:
135:
1484:
1256:
10.1002/1097-0142(19950101)75:1+<171::AID-CNCR2820751306>3.0.CO;2-2
2030:
1362:
905:
854:
584:
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405:
242:
141:
55:
1496:
1264:
1022:
862:
1926:
1849:
1667:
1447:
1443:
1412:
U.S. National Cancer
Institute Gallbladder Cancer Treatment (www.cancer.gov)
421:
327:
288:
250:
196:
158:
39:
1381:
1321:
1303:
1145:
1118:
1030:
977:"Gallbladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal"
913:
870:
821:
808:
Kapoor VK, McMichael AJ (2003). "Gallbladder cancer: an 'Indian' disease".
780:
733:
1272:
1172:
1989:
568:
319:
315:
300:
254:
246:
86:
74:
58:
1099:
564:
409:
375:
354:
181:
1426:
1014:
1438:
710:"Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality, United States 1999–2011"
559:
The prognosis still remains poor. The cancer commonly spreads to the
230:
82:
1346:"Gallbladder carcinoma: Prognostic factors and therapeutic options"
560:
395:
Congenital abnormalities of the bile duct such as choledochal cyst
238:
78:
927:
Ferreccio, C. (2012). "Salmonella typhi and
Gallbladder Cancer".
1986:
294:
1500:
1081:
Makino I, Yamaguchi T, Sato N, Yasui T, Kita I (August 2009).
417:
672:"Gallbladder cancer - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic"
436:
Gallbladder adenocarcinoma lymphatic invasion histopathology
1239:"Liver, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and pancreas"
1286:
Hsing AW, Gao YT, Han TQ, et al. (December 2007).
703:
701:
1212:"Gallbladder Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version"
1416:
757:"CDC - Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Death Rates"
2029:
1958:
1916:
1839:
1830:
1805:
1783:
1681:
1658:
1633:
1624:
1575:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1420:
216:
208:
195:
177:
164:
151:
134:
126:
111:
103:
93:
64:
46:
32:
392:Calcified gallbladder wall (porcelain gallbladder)
157:Blood tests, medical imaging, examination of the
761:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
714:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
614:
612:
257:and vomiting occur, and it has spread to other
1393:
1391:
1512:
1237:Carriaga, M. T.; Henson, D. E. (1995-01-01).
8:
448:Incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer (
1187:"Cholecystectomy: Approaches and Technique"
1076:
1074:
99:Cancer spreading to other parts of the body
89:, although some people may have no symptoms
1836:
1630:
1549:
1540:
1519:
1505:
1497:
1417:
620:"Gallbladder cancer - Symptoms and causes"
38:
29:
1775:Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
1371:
1361:
1311:
1254:
1108:
1098:
268:of the gallbladder, a condition known as
2000:Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
608:
544:5th most common gastrointestinal cancer
426:
484:cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare form of
281:Steady pain in the upper right abdomen
971:
969:
967:
965:
640:"Risk Factors for Gallbladder Cancer"
505:surgery. If surgery is not possible,
7:
1191:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1059:from the original on 10 October 2011
2049:Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
1750:Polymerase proofreading-associated
378:infection of gallbladder; chronic
25:
1612:Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
1350:World Journal of Gastroenterology
692:"Gallbladder Cancer - Statistics"
1908:Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
1344:Goetze, T.O (21 November 2015).
461:
441:
429:
585:repair damages in their own DNA
245:. Most often it is found after
2010:Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm
1813:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
1770:Familial adenomatous polyposis
1053:"Tests for gallbladder cancer"
370:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
1:
1818:Krukenberg tumor (metastatic)
773:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0199
726:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0199
530:, with a small percent being
170:Other types of cancer in the
2039:Primary peritoneal carcinoma
1713:traditional serrated adenoma
1003:Journal of Surgical Oncology
220:~2,000 deaths per year (USA)
1979:Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
937:10.1007/978-94-007-2585-0_5
468:Gallbladder adenocarcinoma
212:~3,700 cases per year (USA)
81:, Unexplained weight loss,
2096:
2070:Digestive system neoplasia
1995:Serous microcystic adenoma
1590:Signet ring cell carcinoma
1528:Digestive system neoplasia
204:~19% (USA) (January, 2020)
1903:Focal nodular hyperplasia
1363:10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12211
1216:National Cancer Institute
906:10.1016/j.cld.2015.08.014
855:10.1007/s00268-008-9908-y
330:and stomach obstruction.
229:is a relatively uncommon
37:
2005:Mucinous cystic neoplasm
1855:Hepatocellular carcinoma
1709:sessile serrated adenoma
894:Clinics in Liver Disease
838:World Journal of Surgery
340:Ludwig Georg Courvoisier
2044:Peritoneal mesothelioma
1793:Squamous cell carcinoma
1562:Squamous cell carcinoma
202:Five-year survival rate
120:Squamous cell carcinoma
1885:Hepatocellular adenoma
1673:Pseudomyxoma peritonei
1304:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604047
1087:World J. Gastroenterol
1055:. Cancer Research UK.
477:Differential diagnosis
166:Differential diagnosis
2075:Gallbladder disorders
270:porcelain gallbladder
87:Yellowing of the skin
18:Gallbladder neoplasms
1890:Cavernous hemangioma
1741:Familial adenomatous
1728:Polyposis syndromes:
1249:(1 Suppl): 171–190.
931:. pp. 117–137.
146:Gallbladder diseases
1356:(43): 12211–12217.
1100:10.3748/wjg.15.3691
929:Bacteria and Cancer
507:endoscopic stenting
486:gallbladder disease
482:Xanthogranulomatous
261:such as the liver.
1950:Gallbladder cancer
1932:Cholangiocarcinoma
1872:Liver angiosarcoma
1806:Upper and/or lower
1755:Serrated polyposis
1134:Trop Gastroenterol
389:Gallbladder polyps
322:due to obstruction
276:Signs and symptoms
227:Gallbladder cancer
107:Above 65 years old
33:Gallbladder cancer
2057:
2056:
2025:
2024:
2017:Pancreatoblastoma
1969:exocrine pancreas
1826:
1825:
1801:
1800:
1620:
1619:
1585:Gastric carcinoma
1494:
1493:
1015:10.1002/jso.21141
981:Dr.Nikhil Agrawal
946:978-94-007-2584-3
581:genomic profiling
335:Courvoisier's law
224:
223:
186:Radiation therapy
153:Diagnostic method
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2087:
1837:
1736:MUTYH-associated
1721:Cronkhite–Canada
1692:Colorectal polyp
1631:
1607:Linitis plastica
1595:Gastric lymphoma
1550:
1541:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1498:
1418:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1326:
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1315:
1283:
1277:
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1234:
1228:
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1225:
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1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1129:
1123:
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1112:
1102:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1049:
1043:
1042:
997:
991:
990:
988:
987:
973:
960:
957:
951:
950:
924:
918:
917:
889:
883:
882:
832:
826:
825:
810:Natl Med J India
805:
799:
798:
796:
795:
767:(9): 1319–1326.
752:
746:
745:
720:(9): 1319–1326.
705:
696:
695:
688:
682:
681:
668:
662:
661:
654:
648:
647:
636:
630:
629:
616:
526:Most tumors are
465:
445:
433:
380:Salmonella typhi
306:Loss of appetite
172:Digestive system
53:Gastroenterology
42:
30:
21:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2080:Types of cancer
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2021:
1954:
1912:
1822:
1797:
1779:
1677:
1654:
1643:Duodenal cancer
1635:Small intestine
1616:
1571:
1530:
1525:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1429:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1298:(11): 1577–82.
1285:
1284:
1280:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1218:. 24 March 2004
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1161:J S C Med Assoc
1158:
1157:
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1126:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1046:
999:
998:
994:
985:
983:
975:
974:
963:
958:
954:
947:
926:
925:
921:
891:
890:
886:
834:
833:
829:
807:
806:
802:
793:
791:
754:
753:
749:
707:
706:
699:
694:. 25 June 2012.
690:
689:
685:
670:
669:
665:
656:
655:
651:
638:
637:
633:
618:
617:
610:
605:
577:
557:
528:adenocarcinomas
524:
498:cholecystectomy
494:
479:
472:
466:
457:
454:cholecystectomy
446:
437:
434:
402:
348:
278:
241:and associated
118:(most common),
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2093:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1974:Adenocarcinoma
1964:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1940:
1939:
1937:Klatskin tumor
1934:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1867:Hepatoblastoma
1864:
1863:
1862:
1845:
1843:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:Adenocarcinoma
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1738:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1648:Adenocarcinoma
1639:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1567:Adenocarcinoma
1564:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1532:
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1526:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1501:
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1465:
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1424:
1422:
1421:Classification
1415:
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1407:
1406:External links
1404:
1401:
1400:
1387:
1336:
1327:
1278:
1229:
1203:
1178:
1151:
1124:
1093:(29): 3691–3.
1070:
1044:
1009:(7): 485–489.
992:
961:
952:
945:
919:
884:
827:
800:
747:
697:
683:
663:
649:
644:www.cancer.org
631:
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493:
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478:
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473:
470:histopathology
467:
460:
458:
452:) following a
450:adenocarcinoma
447:
440:
438:
435:
428:
422:cholelithiasis
401:
398:
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396:
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387:
383:
372:
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365:cholelithiasis
357:
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237:, part of the
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116:Adenocarcinoma
113:
109:
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90:
71:Abdominal pain
68:
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50:
44:
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1918:Biliary tract
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1860:Fibrolamellar
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1717:Peutz–Jeghers
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1600:MALT lymphoma
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1292:Br. J. Cancer
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847:United States
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815:
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597:immunotherapy
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563:, bile duct,
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532:squamous cell
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95:Complications
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63:
60:
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51:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1985:
1967:
1949:
1943:
1925:
1896:
1878:
1848:
1761:
1727:
1701:hyperplastic
1690:
1683:Colon/rectum
1478:
1467:
1452:
1433:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1330:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1246:
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1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1215:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:
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1154:
1137:
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1127:
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1063:17 September
1061:. Retrieved
1047:
1006:
1002:
995:
984:. Retrieved
980:
955:
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922:
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897:
893:
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830:
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792:. Retrieved
764:
760:
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713:
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675:
666:
652:
643:
634:
623:
593:radiotherapy
589:chemotherapy
578:
558:
534:carcinomas.
525:
522:Epidemiology
511:Chemotherapy
495:
480:
403:
346:Risk factors
332:
325:
263:
226:
225:
190:Chemotherapy
136:Risk factors
1945:gallbladder
1898:hyperplasia
1167:(3): 78–9.
1140:(1): 31–3.
677:Mayo Clinic
625:Mayo Clinic
518:even cure.
502:lymph nodes
386:association
311:Weight loss
285:Indigestion
243:lymph nodes
235:gallbladder
140:History of
122:(more rare)
104:Usual onset
2064:Categories
2031:Peritoneum
1480:DiseasesDB
986:2020-10-11
849:: 886–91.
794:2018-12-10
603:References
414:ultrasound
406:ultrasound
144:and other
142:Gallstones
56:Hepatology
1990:neoplasms
1927:bile duct
1850:malignant
1832:Accessory
1762:Neoplasm:
1745:Gardner's
1668:Carcinoid
1554:Esophagus
1265:0008-543X
1023:1096-9098
863:0364-2313
555:Prognosis
515:radiation
492:Treatment
400:Diagnosis
333:Of note,
289:dyspepsia
251:abdominal
209:Frequency
197:Prognosis
178:Treatment
159:Bile duct
48:Specialty
1960:Pancreas
1731:Juvenile
1705:juvenile
1660:Appendix
1536:GI tract
1398:30218788
1382:26604631
1322:18000509
1146:15974235
1119:19653352
1057:Archived
1039:43595860
1031:18802958
914:26593292
879:21799234
871:19190960
822:14606770
781:26070529
734:26070529
575:Research
569:duodenum
374:Chronic
359:Chronic
320:vomiting
316:Jaundice
301:Weakness
255:jaundice
249:such as
247:symptoms
75:Bloating
66:Symptoms
59:Oncology
1697:adenoma
1577:Stomach
1474:D005706
1373:4649107
1313:2360257
1273:8000995
1173:1063276
1110:2721248
565:stomach
410:CT scan
376:typhoid
355:Obesity
328:biliary
295:Bilious
182:Surgery
130:Unknown
1987:cystic
1880:benign
1380:
1370:
1320:
1310:
1271:
1263:
1243:Cancer
1222:8 July
1196:8 July
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742:886615
740:
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567:, and
259:organs
253:pain,
231:cancer
217:Deaths
127:Causes
83:Nausea
1841:Liver
1626:Lower
1545:Upper
1485:30714
1035:S2CID
875:S2CID
845:(4).
785:S2CID
738:S2CID
595:, or
561:liver
297:vomit
239:liver
112:Types
79:Fever
1785:Anus
1469:MeSH
1458:9-CM
1378:PMID
1318:PMID
1269:PMID
1261:ISSN
1224:2021
1198:2021
1169:PMID
1142:PMID
1115:PMID
1065:2012
1027:PMID
1019:ISSN
941:ISBN
910:PMID
867:PMID
859:ISSN
818:PMID
777:PMID
730:PMID
513:and
363:and
318:and
1463:156
1454:ICD
1448:C24
1444:C23
1435:ICD
1368:PMC
1358:doi
1308:PMC
1300:doi
1251:doi
1105:PMC
1095:doi
1011:doi
933:doi
902:doi
851:doi
769:doi
722:doi
418:MRI
2066::
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