2719:
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25:
227:
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still produced cotton well after the 7th and 8th centuries, and knowledge (and samples) of this cloth was brought to Europe by the returning
Crusaders; however, the logistics and expense of equipping a town militia or army with large numbers of cotton-based garments make its usage doubtful when flax-based textiles (linen) were in widespread use.
428:
There are two distinctive designs of gambeson: those designed to be worn beneath armour, and those designed to be worn as independent armour. The latter tend to be thicker and higher in the collar and faced with other materials, such as leather or heavy canvas. This variant is usually referred to as
408:
Although they are thought to have been used in Europe much earlier, gambesons underwent a revolution from their first proven use (in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries) as an independent item of armour to one that facilitated the wearing of mail, but they remained popular amongst infantry
392:
horsemen before the 4th century BC, as can be seen on
Scythian gold ornaments crafted by Greek goldsmiths. As stand-alone cloth armour, the European gambeson can be traced at least to the late tenth century, but it is likely to have been in use in various forms for longer than that. In Europe, its
448:
While the use of linen in these jackets has been proven by archaeological evidence, the use of cotton – and cotton-based canvas – is disputed, since large amounts of cotton cloth were not widely available in
Northern Europe at this time. It is quite probable that Egypt (and Asia Minor generally)
381:
440:
For common soldiers who could not afford mail or plate armour, the gambeson, combined with a helmet as the only additional protection, remained a common sight on
European battlefields during the entire Middle Ages, and its decline – paralleling that of plate armour – came only with the
404:
The gambeson was used both as a complete armour unto itself, and underneath mail and plate in order to cushion the body and prevent chafing. Evidence for its use under armour does not appear until the mid-twelfth century in iconography.
429:"padded jack" and made of several (some say around 18, some even 30) layers of cotton, linen or wool. These jacks were known to stop even heavy arrows, and their design of multiple layers bears a striking resemblance to modern-day
218:
doublets, which could extend to the upper thigh. In late fifteenth-century Italy, this also became a civilian fashion. Men who were not knights wore arming doublets, probably because the garment suggested status and
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1213:
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714:
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a translation of the mid-fifteenth century treatise on armour, translated into modern
English and accompanied by pictorial references.
573:
2315:
1370:
108:
2093:
1218:
756:
693:
The medieval inventories of the Tower armories 1320-1410 by Roland Thomas
Richardson in the summary of textiles in the armory
46:
3009:
2999:
2994:
2614:
1027:
792:
2496:
1243:
1223:
89:
1962:
1937:
1482:
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61:
2073:
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1855:
35:
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1487:
660:
42:
421:, and as an item to be worn beneath the few remaining suits of full plate, it was increasingly replaced by the '
68:
3004:
1452:
1171:
1047:
1017:
785:
445:, as the use of firearms became more widespread. By the eighteenth century, it was no longer in military use.
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665:
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75:
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1932:
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470:. Meanwhile, the Mesoamericans were known to have used a kind of quilted textile armour called
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sewn into the elbows and armpits, to protect the wearer in locations not covered by plate.
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use became widespread in the thirteenth century being similar in appearance to the
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362:, though the word has its likely origin in Italian, and is related to the Latin
24:
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before the arrival of the
Spaniards. Another example is the bullet-resistant
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771:"A Roman Armor that has been Missed? Did Roman Soldiers Wear Quilted Armor?"
501:
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331:
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for attaching plates. Fifteenth-century examples may include mail
182:
174:
120:
764:
How a man shall be armed for his ease when he shall fight on foot
2078:
535:. Department of Arms and Armour, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
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that produced a padded cloth. They were usually constructed of
18:
433:, which used at first silk, then ballistic nylon and later,
409:
as cloth armour. Although quilted armour survived into the
384:
13th-century gambeson worn by a soldier in the Morgan Bible
1348:
753:"The Function of Armor in Medieval and Renaissance Europe"
482:
in an attempt to confront the effects of
Western rifles.
169:. Gambesons were produced with a sewing technique called
388:
Open, quilted leather jackets and trousers were worn by
181:; the stuffing varied, and could be, for example, scrap
564:
Heggstad, Leiv; Hødnebø, Finn; Simensen, Erik (2008) .
728:
726:
196:
of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe, contains
568:. Oslo: Det norske samlaget. pp. 477, 703–704.
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Medieval
Military Costume: Europa Militaria Special
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
653:
466:was a type of armour similar to gambeson, used by
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211:arming doublets were generally shorter than
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368:, meaning 'abdomen', cognate with English
459:horseman in full padded armour suit, 1901
230:Men's gambeson, c. 1660–1670. Collection
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
451:
401:(jack or paltock) in the 14th century.
225:
533:"Fashion in European Armour, 1400–1500"
523:
2615:Components of medieval European armour
125:Depiction of a 13th-century gambeson (
425:' – a leather jacket of rough suede.
7:
733:Embleton, Gerry; Howe, John (1994).
681:participating institution membership
634:(in Norwegian). University of Bergen
606:(in Norwegian). University of Bergen
352:is a loan from (Middle) Low German.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
397:. Eventually, it made way for the
14:
2717:
2568:
2567:
2559:
1267:Body armor performance standards
709:. Crowood Press UK. p. 67.
478:that was created during Korea's
192:worn under armour, particularly
23:
340:, literally 'weapon shirt', or
34:needs additional citations for
757:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
737:. Motorbuchverlag. p. 47.
247:is a loan from the Old French
1:
1053:Boiled leather (cuir bouilli)
1028:Kusari (Japanese mail armour)
358:is probably also a loan from
161:separately, or combined with
1938:Helmet Steel Airborne Troop
735:Söldnerleben im Mittelalter
334:, the garment was known as
315:
3038:
2074:Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet
275:, 'doublet', in turn from
2715:
2555:
1346:
816:
661:Oxford English Dictionary
16:Medieval defensive jacket
1172:Armour of the Kelly gang
1018:Karuta (Japanese armour)
703:Embleton, Gerry (2001).
153:) is a padded defensive
1070:Bullet-resistant armour
1023:Kikko (Japanese armour)
840:Historical armour types
666:Oxford University Press
354:
348:
342:
336:
323:' (definite article – "
310:, might be a loan from
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2276:Advanced Combat Helmet
1321:Fictional armour types
460:
385:
364:
235:
130:
2368:Boxing / Martial Arts
919:Mail and plate armour
455:
383:
229:
124:
3010:Western plate armour
3000:14th-century fashion
2995:13th-century fashion
1918:M32 (Czechoslovakia)
1177:Brewster Body Shield
457:Sultanate of Bagirmi
43:improve this article
2089:Romanian M73 helmet
2043:M1918 (Switzerland)
1963:Mk II talker helmet
1928:Stahlhelm (Germany)
1483:Henry VIII's Horned
1062:Modern armour types
1001:Gothic plate armour
991:Kasten-brust armour
914:Transitional armour
664:(Online ed.).
265:, formed after the
2326:Lightweight Helmet
1801:Lobster-tailed pot
1239:Osprey body armour
531:Breiding, Dirk H.
461:
386:
267:Middle High German
236:
131:
2982:
2981:
2581:
2580:
2549:
2548:
2388:Gridiron football
2344:
2343:
1998:SSh-39 and SSh-40
1933:M1934/39 (Greece)
1280:
1279:
1262:
1261:
1194:Ranger Body Armor
1160:
1159:
1106:Ballistic fabrics
1006:Maximilian armour
862:Lorica segmentata
716:978-1-86126-371-1
679:(Subscription or
411:English Civil War
360:Middle Low German
301:, originally the
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118:
111:
93:
3027:
2721:
2679:Lobster tail pot
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2601:
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1983:M1940 (Portugal)
1658:Late Roman ridge
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1373:
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1162:
1075:
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981:Greenwich armour
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417:as a poor man's
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185:or horse hair.
137:(similar to the
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27:
19:
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2654:Enclosed helmet
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2573:Category:Armour
2551:
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2466:Riot protection
2434:
2340:
2291:ECH (Australia)
2259:
2183:
2052:
2048:Type 92 Tetsubo
1973:Netherlands M34
1923:M1923 (Denmark)
1891:
1887:Tarleton helmet
1860:
1693:
1687:
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1438:Coventry Sallet
1390:
1388:
1382:
1377:
1342:
1316:
1302:
1276:
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1156:
1152:Ballistic nylon
1101:
1079:Ballistic plate
1057:
976:Munition armour
889:Lamellar armour
884:Lorica squamata
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551:Merriam-Webster
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437:as its fabric.
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303:medieval French
277:Old High German
241:
232:Centraal Museum
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2064:Bangtan Helmet
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2033:M1937 (Sweden)
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2028:M1926 (Sweden)
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2018:M1942 Modelo Z
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1573:Witcham Gravel
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968:
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966:
964:Muscle cuirass
961:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
924:Coat of plates
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
894:Laminar armour
891:
886:
881:
879:Lorica plumata
876:
871:
870:
869:
859:
854:
849:
843:
841:
837:
836:
834:
833:
828:
826:Vehicle armour
823:
817:
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813:
807:
805:
804:
797:
790:
782:
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775:
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761:
747:
746:External links
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631:BokmĂĄlsordboka
617:
603:BokmĂĄlsordboka
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575:978-8252171501
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480:Joseon Dynasty
476:Myeonje baegab
468:ancient Greeks
377:
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355:Panzari/panzer
343:panzari/panzer
332:medieval Norse
326:
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190:arming doublet
151:arming doublet
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2311:Hełm wz. 2005
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2084:Hungarian M70
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2038:L'Eplattenier
2036:
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2026:
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:M1934 (Spain)
2011:
2009:
2008:M1926 (Spain)
2006:
2004:
2003:M1921 (Spain)
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1989:
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1543:Staffordshire
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1187:
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1165:Armor systems
1163:
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1114:
1111:
1110:
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1088:
1087:Ceramic plate
1085:
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962:
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957:
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955:
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947:
945:
944:Mirror armour
942:
940:
939:Splint armour
937:
935:
934:Jack of plate
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
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907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
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880:
877:
875:
874:Lorica hamata
872:
868:
865:
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863:
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855:
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845:
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621:
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593:
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581:
577:
571:
567:
566:Norrøn Ordbok
560:
557:
552:
548:
542:
539:
534:
527:
524:
517:
513:
512:Ichcahuipilli
510:
508:
507:Jack of plate
505:
503:
500:
497:
493:
490:
489:
485:
483:
481:
477:
473:
472:Ichcahuipilli
469:
465:
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438:
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308:
304:
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295:
293:
292:
287:
284:, 'stomach' (
282:
278:
273:
268:
263:
259:, originally
257:
251:
246:
238:
233:
228:
224:
222:
217:
214:
210:
209:gothic armour
207:
203:
199:
198:arming points
195:
191:
186:
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168:
164:
160:
156:
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113:
110:
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91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2694:Nasal helmet
2659:Close helmet
2504:Heraldic use
2492:Helmet cover
2264:2001–present
2094:MÂş 44 E.T.A.
1948:M42 Duperite
1846:Takula tofao
1796:Lamellenhelm
1694:Early Modern
1692:Medieval and
1663:Montefortino
1408:Benty Grange
1013:Lame (armor)
996:White armour
986:Almain rivet
971:Plate armour
899:Scale armour
851:
734:
705:
698:
689:
669:. Retrieved
659:
648:
636:. Retrieved
629:
620:
608:. Retrieved
601:
592:
565:
559:
550:
541:
526:
495:
462:
447:
439:
427:
407:
403:
387:
369:
329:
298:
296:
289:
244:
242:
216:white armour
194:plate armour
189:
187:
167:plate armour
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
132:
127:Morgan Bible
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2786:Breastplate
2704:Spangenhelm
2649:Cervelliere
2281:BK-3 helmet
2235:Hełm wz. 93
2159:Paratrooper
2144:Modèle 1978
2139:Modèle 1951
2114:Hełm wz. 67
2109:Hełm wz. 63
2104:Hełm wz. 50
1978:Hełm wz. 31
1943:M33 (Italy)
1882:Pith helmet
1877:Pickelhaube
1865:Late Modern
1841:Spangenhelm
1826:Pickelhaube
1726:Cervelliere
1608:Boar's tusk
1468:Guisborough
1433:Coțofenești
1338:Power armor
1333:Ring armour
1328:Banded mail
1284:Flak jacket
1214:FSBE AAV QR
1204:Dragon Skin
1140:UHMWPE/HPPE
1097:Steel plate
1092:Doron plate
954:Breastplate
443:Renaissance
431:body armour
319:, meaning '
234:, Utrecht.
143:padded jack
129:, fol. 10r)
99:August 2014
3020:Body armor
2989:Categories
2831:Lance rest
2791:Brigandine
2709:Kettle hat
2669:Frog mouth
2664:Great helm
2415:Motorcycle
2398:Revolution
2383:Equestrian
2210:M90 (Iraq)
1791:Kulah khud
1751:Frog-mouth
1628:Corinthian
1618:Chalcidian
1548:Sutton Hoo
1533:Ribchester
1493:Iron Gates
1488:Horncastle
1458:Gjermundbu
1428:Coppergate
1418:Canterbury
1389:historical
1387:Individual
1307:Components
1128:Kevlar KM2
929:Brigandine
904:Chain mail
847:Linothorax
821:Body armor
683:required.)
547:"Gambeson"
518:References
464:Linothorax
337:vápntreyja
327:cotton").
307:alcottonem
157:, worn as
69:newspapers
58:"Gambeson"
2938:Schynbald
2882:Rerebrace
2684:Mail coif
2674:Hounskull
2541:Zuckerman
2497:Mitznefet
2446:Custodian
2425:Scrum cap
2393:Eyeshield
2271:A2 Helmet
2188:1980–2000
2174:Swiss M71
2057:1945–1980
1896:1914–1945
1766:Hounskull
1648:Kegelhelm
1299:Stab vest
1294:Bomb suit
1289:Riot gear
1182:Steel Bib
1113:Gold Flex
949:Klivanion
857:Buff coat
584:768091918
502:Buff coat
496:pourpoint
423:buff coat
399:pourpoint
297:The term
256:gambaison
243:The term
239:Etymology
147:pourpoint
3015:Quilting
2913:Chausses
2892:Vambrace
2887:Spaulder
2877:Pauldron
2872:Gauntlet
2826:Codpiece
2811:Plackart
2755:Aventail
2644:Burgonet
2639:Bascinet
2519:Tarnhelm
2461:Hard hat
2410:Lacrosse
2349:Athletic
2321:KH-B2000
2296:ECH (US)
2124:M76 Para
2069:CABAL II
1741:Enclosed
1721:Burgonet
1716:Bascinet
1706:Aventail
1683:Shmarjet
1673:Phrygian
1643:Imperial
1638:Illyrian
1613:Boeotian
1568:Waterloo
1563:Venetian
1538:Shorwell
1518:Nijmegen
1513:Newstead
1473:Hallaton
1453:Gevninge
1423:CiumeĹźti
1398:Agighiol
1313:Medieval
1229:MTV/IMTV
1043:Haramaki
852:Gambeson
671:29 March
655:"paunch"
638:29 March
626:"panser"
610:29 March
494:(a.k.a.
486:See also
390:Scythian
250:gambeson
245:gambeson
221:chivalry
202:goussets
171:quilting
135:gambeson
2959:Gousset
2933:Sabaton
2918:Cuisses
2862:Besagew
2857:Ailette
2821:Hauberk
2806:Pauncer
2796:Cuirass
2770:Pizaine
2634:Barbute
2514:Mahiole
2471:Welding
2378:Cricket
2373:Bicycle
2361:Coolflo
2356:Batting
2250:SPECTRA
2179:Type 66
1872:Dragoon
1836:Secrete
1771:Jingasa
1736:Dragoon
1711:Barbute
1596:Ancient
1528:Pioneer
1503:Meyrick
1498:Lokrume
1391:helmets
1380:Helmets
1272:BA 9000
1199:IBA/OTV
1038:DĹŤ-maru
1033:ĹŚ-yoroi
959:Cuirass
909:Hauberk
831:Barding
598:"trøye"
492:Doublet
419:cuirass
415:England
376:History
316:al-qutn
286:cognate
272:wambeis
262:wambais
213:Italian
83:scholar
2969:Rondel
2952:Pieces
2943:Tasset
2928:Poleyn
2923:Greave
2867:Couter
2765:Gorget
2699:Sallet
2689:Morion
2564:Portal
2536:Winged
2509:Horned
2487:Flight
2451:Diving
2420:Racing
2405:Hockey
2286:QGF-03
2220:M59/85
2169:SSh-68
2164:SSh-60
2154:OR-201
2099:M59/85
2023:SSK 90
1993:SSh-36
1968:Mk III
1908:Brodie
1903:Adrian
1856:Viking
1851:Turban
1831:Sallet
1821:Paseki
1811:Morion
1786:Kettle
1781:Katapu
1776:Kabuto
1623:Coolus
1588:Combat
1523:Peretu
1508:Nemiya
1478:Hellvi
1234:PRU-70
1133:Twaron
1123:Kevlar
1118:Aramid
1048:Tatami
867:Manica
809:Armour
713:
582:
572:
435:Kevlar
370:paunch
365:pantex
349:Treyja
321:cotton
312:Arabic
299:aketon
206:German
159:armour
155:jacket
139:aketon
85:
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71:
64:
56:
2908:Bases
2816:Fauld
2801:Culet
2779:Torso
2760:Bevor
2734:Visor
2629:Armet
2480:Other
2245:Sfera
2230:PASGT
2215:JK 96
2205:GOLFO
2195:CG634
2149:MPC-1
2129:Mk IV
1816:Nasal
1806:Mempo
1761:Great
1731:Close
1701:Armet
1678:Pilos
1668:Negau
1653:Konos
1633:Galea
1603:Attic
1558:Veksø
1553:Tjele
1448:Emesa
1403:Agris
1209:CIRAS
1189:PASGT
811:types
677:
395:tunic
281:wamba
269:term
183:cloth
175:linen
149:, or
90:JSTOR
76:books
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2901:Legs
2850:Arms
2748:Neck
2727:Face
2622:Head
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2439:Work
2336:Mk 7
2331:MICH
2316:IHPS
2306:6B47
2301:FAST
2134:Mk 6
2079:GK80
1578:Yarm
1413:Broe
1244:SPCS
1224:IOTV
711:ISBN
673:2020
640:2020
612:2020
580:OCLC
570:ISBN
291:womb
179:wool
163:mail
62:news
2430:Ski
2255:6B7
2225:M87
2200:M92
2119:M63
1988:RAC
1958:M1C
1254:MSV
1249:SPC
1219:HRM
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325:the
294:).
288:to
188:An
177:or
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1953:M1
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