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1410:, p. 44-45: "The greatest change Bangladesh and its people may face in the coming years will probably be the threat of global warming ... One of the likely results of global warming is a gradual rise in sea levels. This could be 1.6 feet (0.49 meters) by 2100. That might not sound like very much, but it would mean that 6 million Bangladeshis would lose their homes."
741:, and related these practices to major ecological changes wrought about by forest and land management practices. Debjani Bhattacharyya has shown how Calcutta was constructed as an urban centre through tracing ecological changes wrought upon by colonial powers involving land, water and humans throughout the mid-18th to the early 20th centuries.
1033:, p. 44: "Fishing has played a part in the lives of Bangladeshi people for a long time ... Fish is particularly important in Bangladesh, where it provides the main source of protein in the diet of many people ... Shrimp are farmed in large containers or cages that are submerged in the open water. They are mainly sold for export."
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sediments indicates that the crust is greatly thinned or oceanic ... The enormous supply of sediments provided by the
Himalayan collision fed the and has produced ~400 km of progradation of the shelf edge since the Eocene ... Total sediment thickness beneath the GBD southeast of the hinge zone exceeds 16 km.
943:, p. 39: "Many of people depend on the delta for their survival. Two-thirds of Bangladeshis work in agriculture and grow crops on the fertile delta floodplains. Jute fiber, used to make twine and sacking, is Bangladesh's main export crop. Tea, wheat, rice, beans, sugarcane, and fruits are grown."
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As there is a maze of many river branches, the area is difficult to pass. Most islands are only connected with the mainland by simple wooden ferryboats. Bridges are rare. Some islands are not yet connected to the electric grid, so island residents tend to use solar cells for a bit of electric supply.
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People have to be careful on the river delta as severe flooding also occurs. In 1998, the Ganges flooded the delta, killing about 1,000 people and leaving more than 30 million people homeless. The
Bangladesh government asked for $ 900 million to help feed the people of the region, as the entire
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water during the dry season, and fresh water during the monsoon season. These forests, too, have been almost completely converted to intensive agriculture, with only 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi) of the 14,600 square kilometres (5,600 sq mi) protected. Where the delta meets
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The edge of the pre-delta Eocene paleoshelf is marked by the shallow-water Sylhet
Limestone, which runs NNE from near Calcutta to the edge of the Shillong Plateau ... The Sylhet Limestone drops ... indicating the presence of thick continental crust. East of the hinge zone the great thickness of
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In the last decades of the 20th century, scientists helped the poor people of the delta to improve fish farming methods. By turning unused ponds into viable fish farms and improving methods of raising fish in existing ponds, many people can now earn a living raising and selling fish. Using new
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In terms of recent scholarship that focuses more on the eastern part of the Bengal/Ganges Delta, Iftekhar Iqbal argues for the inclusion of the Bengal Delta as an ecological framework within which to study the dynamics of agrarian prosperity or decline, communal conflicts, poverty and famine,
610:. The edge of the paleoshelf marks the transition from the thick continental crust in the northwest to the thin continental or oceanic crust in the southeast. The enormous sediment supply from the Himalayan collision has extended the delta about 400 kilometres (250 mi) seaward since the
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In
Bangladesh, scientists are turning unused ponds into viable fish farms and improving fish raising in the existing ones. The project has led to a new way for the rural poor to earn an income ... Using new systems developed through research, fish production in existing ponds has increased
1113:, p. 40: "In 1998 ... About one thousand people were killed, and more than 30 million were left homeless by floods ... The entire rice crop was ruined, and the government asked for almost $ 900 million dollars of aid to help it feed and rehouse its people."
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zone, and receives between 1,500 to 2,000 mm (59 to 79 in) of rainfall each year in the western part, and 2,000 to 3,000 mm (79 to 118 in) in the eastern part.. Hot, dry summers and cool, dry winters make the climate suitable for agriculture.
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A strong criticism of environmental history scholarship with regards to the Bengal/Ganges delta is that most of the scholarship is limited to the 18th to the 21st centuries, with a general dearth of ecological history of the region prior to the 18th century.
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Basin, making it the most populous river basin in the world. Most of the Ganges Delta has a population density greater than 200/km (520 people per square mile), making it one of the most densely populated regions in the world.
1449:, p. 41: "Gas reserves ... lie under the delta region and offshore in the Bay of Bengal. Important discoveries were made during the 1990s, and several major oil companies have invested in gas exploration in Bangladesh."
234:
The Ganges Delta has the shape of a triangle and is considered to be an "arcuate" (arc-shaped) delta. It covers more than 105,000 km (41,000 sq mi) and lies mostly in
Bangladesh and India, with rivers from
398:
ecoregion covers most of the delta region, although the forests have mostly been cleared for agriculture and only small enclaves remain. Thick stands of tall grass, known as canebrakes, grow in wetter areas. The
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1101:, p. 43: "In 1970 Bangladesh suffered the world's worst recorded cyclone, when about 500,000 people were killed. The last bad cyclone to strike Bangladesh was in 1991. It killed 139,000 people."
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soils made up by small sediment particles that finally settle down as river currents slowdown in the estuary. Rivers carry these fine particles with them, even from their sources at glaciers as
745:
especially throughout the colonial period. Iqbal has tried to show how resistance movements such as the
Faraizi movement can be studied in relation to colonial ecological management practices.
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Important gas reserves have been discovered in the delta, such as in the Titas and
Bakhrabad gas fields. Several major oil companies have invested in exploration of the Ganges Delta region.
630:
Approximately two-thirds of the
Bangladesh people work in agriculture and grow crops on the fertile floodplains of the delta. The major crops that are grown in the Ganges Delta are
3950:
1123:
Damodaran, Vinita (2015), "The East India
Company, Famine and Ecological Conditions in Eighteenth-Century Bengal", in Damodaran, Vinita; Winterbottom, Anna; Lester, Alan (eds.),
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274:, one of the distributaries of the Ganges, divides the Ganges Delta into two parts: the geologically young, active, eastern delta, and the older, less active, western delta.
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Auerbach, L. W.; Goodbred, S. L. Jr.; Mondal, D. R.; Wilson, C. A.; Ahmed, K. R.; Roy, K.; Steckler, M. S.; Small, C.; Gilligan, J. M.; Ackerly, B. A. (February 2015).
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ecoregion, covering an area of 20,400 square kilometres (7,900 sq mi) in a chain of 54 islands. They derive their name from the predominant mangrove species,
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systems, fish production in existing ponds has increased 800%. Shrimp are farmed in containers or cages that are submerged in open water. Most are exported.
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1375:
Iqbal, Iftekhar (2010). "The
Political Ecology of the Peasant: the Faraizi Movement between Revolution and Passive Resistance". In Iqbal, Iftekhar (ed.).
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634:, tea, and rice. Fishing is also an important activity in the delta region, with fish being a major source of food for many of the people in the area.
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Around 280 million (180 million Bangladesh and 100 million West Bengal, India) people live on the delta, despite risks from floods caused by
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draining into it from the north. 67% of the delta is inside Bangladesh and only 33% belongs to West-Bengal. Most of the delta is composed of
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It is believed that upwards of 300 million people are supported by the Ganges Delta; approximately 400 million people live in the
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1503:"Bringing in the tides. From closing down to opening up delta polders via Tidal River Management in the southwest delta of Bangladesh"
1502:
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Damodaran, Vinita (1 October 2006). "Famine in Bengal: A Comparison of the 1770 Famine in Bengal and the 1897 Famine in Chotanagpur".
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761:. An increase in sea level of 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in) could result in six million people losing their homes in Bangladesh.
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466:) are believed to inhabit the Sundarbans. The Ganges–Brahmaputra basin has tropical deciduous forests that yield valuable timber:
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soils are found as one heads farther east. The soil has large amounts of minerals and nutrients, which is good for agriculture.
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1464:"Tidal river management in the south west Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh: Moving towards a transdisciplinary approach?"
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The Ganges Brahmaputra Delta lies at the junction of three plates: the Indian Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the Burma Platelet.
614:. The sediment thickness southeast of the edge of the paleoshelf beneath the Ganges Delta can exceed 16 km (9.9 mi).
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Arsenic is a naturally occurring substance in the Ganga Delta that has detrimental effects on health and may enter the
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Gain, Animesh K.; Benson, David; Rahman, Rezaur; Datta, Dilip Kumar; Rouillard, Josselin J. (1 September 2017).
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2762:
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1157:"Famine in a Forest Tract: Ecological Change and the Causes of the 1897 Famine in Chotanagpur, Northern India"
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U.S. Geological Survey—PetroBangla Cooperative Assessment of Undiscovered Natural Gas Resources of Bangladesh
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One of the greatest challenges people living on the Ganges Delta may face in coming years is the threat of
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In November 1970, the deadliest tropical cyclone of the twentieth century hit the Ganges Delta region. The
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The history of the Bengal delta has been a concern of emerging scholarship by environmental historians.
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Masud, Md. Mahedi Al; Moni, Nurun Naher; Azadi, Hossein; Van Passel, Steven (1 February 2018).
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1379:. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 67–92.
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Indian historian Vinita Damodaran has extensively profiled famine management practices by the
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1544:"Flood risk of natural and embanked landscapes on the Ganges–Brahmaputra tidal delta plain"
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1127:, Palgrave Studies in World Environmental History, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 80–101,
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1305:"Empire and Ecology in the Bengal Delta: The Making of Calcutta. By Debjani Bhattacharyya"
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lies in the Ganges Delta; many of the country's people depend on the delta for survival.
194:. It is also one of the most fertile regions in the world, thus earning the nickname the
1559:
1044:"Global Demand for Fish Rising—Fish Farming is the Fastest Growing Field of Agriculture"
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hit the delta in 1991, killing about 139,000 people. It also left many people homeless.
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ecoregion lies closer to the Bay of Bengal; this ecoregion is flooded with slightly
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2010:
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van Staveren, Martijn F.; Warner, Jeroen F.; Shah Alam Khan, M. (1 February 2017).
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587:
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1591:"Sustainability impacts of tidal river management: Towards a conceptual framework"
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which enters the delta from the Bay of Bengal. The Ganges river dolphin is a true
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2020:
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Steckler, Michael S.; Humayun, S. Akhter; Seeber, Leonardo (15 September 2008).
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2015:
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estimated the total loss of human life from the Bhola cyclone at 1,000,000.
489:) are in the Sundarbans part of the delta. Birds found in the delta include
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killed 500,000 people (official death toll), with another 100,000 missing.
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Rice, cattle and fishing in rivers and ponds are important sources of food.
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2005:
1995:
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has been implemented in the delta. This method has been implemented in 5
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A typical landscape in the Delta with palms, rice, flat, green and ponds
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178:, India. It is the world's largest river delta and it empties into the
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1964:
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1854:
611:
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302:
236:
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The Ganges Delta lies at the junction of three tectonic plates: the
1344:
The Bengal Delta : ecology, state and social change, 1840-1943
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458:, which live in the Sundarbans. Approximately 1,020 endangered
1256:
Empire and Ecology in the Bengal Delta: The Making of Calcutta
988:"Collision of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta with the Burma Arc"
313:
31:
1377:
The Bengal Delta: Ecology, State and Social Change, 1840–1943
521:). Two species of dolphin can be found in the delta: the
1656:. A River Journey. Chicago: Heinemann-Raintree Library.
1026:
1024:
936:
934:
3951:
List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
1733:
Ganges Delta: Most Fertile Land for Growing Raw Jute
870:
Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader; Hassan, M Qumrul (2012).
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2064:
1973:
1797:
899:"Life in Bangladesh Delta: On the Edge of Disaster"
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
695:The Ganges Delta lies mostly in the tropical wet
1748:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
1703:Louisiana School for Math, Science, and the Arts
880:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
434:Animals in the delta include the Indian python (
270:, lakes, and flood plain sediments (chars). The
1457:
1455:
2898:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
1070:"History and Society/Disasters/Cyclone Deaths"
286:, heavy run-off from the melting snows of the
2675:
2208:
1774:
1676:. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster. 1997.
865:
863:
784:and resulted in benefits including decreased
396:Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests
8:
1420:USGS-Bangladesh Gas Assessment Team (2001).
1125:The East India Company and the Natural World
3568:List of cities in West Bengal by population
1699:"Water Resources in the Ganges River Basin"
348:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3183:
2682:
2668:
2660:
2215:
2201:
2193:
1781:
1767:
1759:
921:"Where Is The Largest Delta In The World?"
759:rising sea levels caused by climate change
1673:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary
1614:
1518:
368:Learn how and when to remove this message
226:Delta of Ganges from the map of surveyor
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3956:Discrimination against Bengalis in India
687:, especially in key crops such as rice.
138:Ganges Delta, 2020 satellite photograph.
859:
545:, but is extremely rare and considered
1446:
1407:
1110:
1098:
1030:
940:
7:
679:Arsenic contamination of groundwater
346:adding citations to reliable sources
292:North Indian Ocean tropical cyclones
182:with the combined waters of several
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2933:Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
1720:. Calcutta: University of Calcutta.
1346:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
1303:Siegel, Benjamin (1 October 2019).
992:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
602:paleoshelf runs approximately from
401:Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests
4150:Image gallery at Wikimedia Commons
1468:Environmental Science & Policy
714:The Guinness Book of World Records
25:
552:Trees found in the delta include
262:It is composed of a labyrinth of
2966:Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
2763:Night-flowering jasmine (Shiuli)
478:trees are found in these areas.
318:
294:. A large part of the nation of
36:
1731:The Golden Fibre Trade Centre:
1253:Bhattacharyya, Debjani (2018).
645:A lot of bustle at a ferry pier
537:). The Irrawaddy dolphin is an
198:. The delta stretches from the
47:needs additional citations for
3016:Protected areas of West Bengal
2996:Western plateau and high lands
535:Platanista gangetica gangetica
1:
3946:Ethnic communities in Kolkata
2471:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu
1752:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
1607:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.10.022
884:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
423:, which are known locally as
4134:Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
4104:Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury
3573:Cities and towns by district
3126:Parliamentary constituencies
3105:All India Trinamool Congress
2151:Reservoirs and dams in India
1480:10.1016/j.envsci.2017.05.020
1212:The Medieval History Journal
954:"Tectonics & Geophysics"
897:Seth Mydans (21 June 1987).
810:Ganga/Padma River from Space
481:It is estimated that 30,000
4114:Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
2858:Great Bengal famine of 1770
2525:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1740:"Ganges-Padma River System"
1714:Bagchi, Kanangopal (1944).
730:History of the Bengal Delta
572:), and mangrove date palm (
162:predominantly covering the
4267:
4236:Environment of West Bengal
3870:Santiniketan Leather Goods
2943:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
2928:Partition of Bengal (1947)
2893:Partition of Bengal (1905)
1974:Inland lakes, deltas, etc.
1746:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
1224:10.1177/097194580701000206
1173:10.3197/096734095779522636
1155:DAMODARAN, VINITA (1995).
1004:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.009
878:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
676:
4231:Environment of Bangladesh
4147:
4069:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
4034:Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
3762:Ghosts in Bengali culture
3110:Communist Party (Marxist)
3011:Sandakphu (Highest point)
2938:Bangladesh Liberation War
2772:Devil's tree (Saptaparni)
2754:White-throated kingfisher
2698:
1616:10067/1490390151162165141
1342:Iqbal, Iftekhar. (2010).
412:form the world's largest
27:Delta of the Ganges River
4226:Landforms of West Bengal
3115:Indian National Congress
2863:Indian Rebellion of 1857
2736:Banglar Mati Banglar Jol
174:and the Indian state of
148:Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta
4221:Landforms of Bangladesh
4109:Michael Madhusudan Dutt
3745:Pather Panchali (novel)
3663:Prostitution in Kolkata
3131:Assembly constituencies
3096:Human Rights Commission
1385:10.1057/9780230289819_4
1161:Environment and History
1133:10.1057/9781137427274_5
452:Elephas maximus indicus
4246:Regions of West Bengal
3921:Economy of West Bengal
3693:Architecture of Bengal
3120:Bharatiya Janata Party
3058:Tiger Hill, Darjeeling
2535:Atolls of the Maldives
2333:Chittagong Hill Tracts
1738:Rob, Md Abdur (2012).
1074:Guinness World Records
813:
778:tidal river management
768:Tidal river management
665:
646:
627:
464:Panthera tigris tigris
392:terrestrial ecoregions
387:
231:
219:
186:, mainly those of the
139:
4024:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3646:Rabindra Nritya Natya
3021:Rivers of West Bengal
2913:Bengal famine of 1943
2727:Emblem of West Bengal
1595:Ecological Indicators
1548:Nature Climate Change
1321:10.1093/envhis/emz053
1309:Environmental History
1265:10.1017/9781108348867
807:
704:Cyclones and flooding
677:Further information:
652:
644:
625:
527:Orcaella brevirostris
394:cover the delta. The
383:
272:Gorai-Madhumati River
255:. Red and red-yellow
225:
217:
137:
4211:River deltas of Asia
4054:Satyendranath Tagore
4049:Abanindranath Tagore
3091:Legislative Assembly
2162:Rivers of Bangladesh
1650:Bowden, Rob (2003).
1568:10.1038/nclimate2472
1426:. DIANE Publishing.
726:rice crop was lost.
531:Ganges river dolphin
504:Acridotheres tristis
440:), clouded leopard (
410:Sundarbans mangroves
342:improve this section
56:improve this article
4173: /
4059:Satyendranath Dutta
4044:Jnanadanandini Devi
3999:Subhas Chandra Bose
3974:Rabindranath Tagore
3941:Anglo-Indian people
3611:Arts of West Bengal
3342:Presidency division
3221:Jalpaiguri division
2976:North Bengal plains
2416:Indo-Gangetic plain
2128:Lakes of Bangladesh
1791:Indian subcontinent
1789:Hydrography of the
1750:(Second ed.).
1709:on 26 October 2005.
1560:2015NatCC...5..153A
1520:10.2166/wp.2016.029
1080:on 19 November 2005
1054:on 5 October 2006.
909:on 4 November 2017.
882:(Second ed.).
838:Indian Subcontinent
796:and land creation.
753:Future of the delta
606:to the edge of the
513:Francolinus gularis
408:the Bay of Bengal,
202:east as far as the
168:Indian subcontinent
4139:Nihar Ranjan Gupta
4064:Raja Ram Mohan Roy
4039:Sarat Chandra Bose
4009:Bidhan Chandra Roy
3710:Bengali literature
3591:Bengal Renaissance
3298:Medinipur division
2868:Bengal Renaissance
2843:East India Company
2343:Gandhamardan Hills
2313:Sulaiman Mountains
903:The New York Times
814:
790:agricultural areas
739:East India Company
710:1970 Bhola cyclone
666:
647:
628:
598:. The edge of the
518:Copsychus saularis
388:
232:
220:
140:
4177:22.700°N 89.667°E
4156:
4155:
4094:Dwarkanath Tagore
4084:Swami Vivekananda
3984:Kazi Nazrul Islam
3800:Bengal Patachitra
3785:Banglar Rosogolla
3596:Bengali calendars
3493:Jaynagar Majilpur
3402:
3401:
3394:South 24 Parganas
3377:North 24 Parganas
3322:Paschim Medinipur
3206:Paschim Bardhaman
3101:Political parties
3063:Siliguri Corridor
3036:Brahmaputra River
2918:Direct Action Day
2853:Bengal Presidency
2848:Battle of Plassey
2823:Cooch Behar State
2818:Mallabhum kingdom
2657:
2656:
2431:Indus River Delta
2190:
2189:
2051:Kerala backwaters
1683:978-0-87779-546-9
1394:978-0-230-28981-9
1353:978-0-230-23183-2
1142:978-1-137-42727-4
998:(3–4). Elsevier.
673:Arsenic pollution
566:, mangrove palm (
523:Irrawaddy dolphin
515:), and the doel (
443:Neofelis nebulosa
378:
377:
370:
188:Brahmaputra River
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
4258:
4251:Regions of India
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
3815:Dhaniakhali Sari
3725:Professor Shonku
3720:Lalmohan Ganguly
3705:Bengali language
3641:Rabindra Sangeet
3498:Jiaganj Azimganj
3267:Dakshin Dinajpur
3188:Burdwan division
3184:
3159:Matua Mahasangha
2903:Anushilan Samiti
2838:Nawabs of Bengal
2684:
2677:
2670:
2661:
2451:Coromandel Coast
2318:Toba Kakar Range
2247:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2194:
2092:Gulf of Khambhat
1783:
1776:
1769:
1760:
1755:
1721:
1717:The Ganges Delta
1710:
1705:. Archived from
1694:
1692:
1690:
1667:
1637:
1636:
1618:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1459:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1218:(1–2): 143–181.
1207:
1201:
1200:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1076:. Archived from
1066:
1060:
1059:
1050:. Archived from
1040:
1034:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1010:
983:
977:
976:
971:
969:
960:. Archived from
950:
944:
938:
929:
928:
927:. 25 April 2017.
917:
911:
910:
905:. Archived from
894:
888:
887:
867:
657:which spans the
608:Shillong Plateau
575:Phoenix paludosa
373:
366:
362:
359:
353:
322:
314:
170:, consisting of
152:Sundarbans Delta
146:(also known the
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4191:
4190:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4152:
4143:
4119:Sister Nivedita
3989:Anil Kumar Gain
3960:
3899:
3885:Sundarban Honey
3875:Shantipuri sari
3766:
3668:Pohela Boishakh
3577:
3409:
3398:
3336:
3327:Purba Medinipur
3292:
3253:
3215:
3211:Purba Bardhaman
3177:
3168:
3145:
3136:CID West Bengal
3081:Chief Ministers
3067:
2947:
2782:
2709:
2694:
2688:
2658:
2653:
2590:
2539:
2513:
2480:
2404:
2388:
2352:
2303:Anaimalai Hills
2243:
2227:
2221:
2191:
2186:
2116:
2060:
1969:
1793:
1787:
1737:
1728:
1713:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1670:
1664:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1354:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1275:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1022:
1008:
1006:
985:
984:
980:
967:
965:
964:on 17 June 2017
952:
951:
947:
939:
932:
919:
918:
914:
896:
895:
891:
869:
868:
861:
856:
819:
812:
802:
770:
755:
732:
720:Another cyclone
706:
693:
681:
675:
655:Vidyasagar Setu
620:
584:
539:oceanic dolphin
509:swamp francolin
448:Indian elephant
374:
363:
357:
354:
339:
323:
312:
280:
212:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4264:
4262:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4193:
4192:
4182:22.700; 89.667
4154:
4153:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3911:Bengali people
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3845:Jaynagarer Moa
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3810:Darjeeling tea
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3790:Banglar Muslin
3787:
3782:
3780:Baluchari sari
3776:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3752:Bengali cinema
3749:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3698:Bengal temples
3690:
3685:
3683:Raksha Bandhan
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3458:Hugli-Chuchura
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3353:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3288:Uttar Dinajpur
3285:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3259:Malda division
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3181:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3141:Kolkata Police
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2923:Noakhali riots
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2828:Sher Shah Suri
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2379:Mysore Plateau
2376:
2374:Ladakh Plateau
2371:
2366:
2364:Deccan Plateau
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2308:Cardamom Hills
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:Himachal Range
2290:
2288:Shivalik Hills
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:Aravalli Range
2260:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2146:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2097:Gulf of Mannar
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2041:Red Hills Lake
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1744:Islam, Sirajul
1735:
1727:
1726:External links
1724:
1723:
1722:
1711:
1695:
1682:
1668:
1663:978-0739860700
1662:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1581:
1554:(2): 153–157.
1534:
1513:(1): 147–164.
1493:
1451:
1439:
1433:978-1428917972
1432:
1412:
1400:
1393:
1367:
1352:
1334:
1315:(4): 807–809.
1295:
1273:
1245:
1202:
1167:(2): 129–158.
1147:
1141:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1061:
1048:Future Harvest
1035:
1020:
978:
945:
930:
912:
889:
876:Islam, Sirajul
872:"Bengal Delta"
858:
857:
855:
852:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
833:Gangetic Plain
830:
825:
818:
815:
808:
801:
798:
788:, creation of
769:
766:
754:
751:
731:
728:
705:
702:
692:
689:
674:
671:
619:
616:
592:Eurasian Plate
583:
580:
569:Nypa fruticans
501:, the shalik (
437:Python molurus
376:
375:
326:
324:
317:
311:
308:
279:
276:
253:fluvio-glacial
211:
208:
130:
129:
71:"Ganges Delta"
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4263:
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4222:
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4216:Bay of Bengal
4214:
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4209:
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4204:
4202:
4199:
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4196:
4189:
4186:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Mother Teresa
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4074:Rani Rashmoni
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:Nandalal Bose
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:Ritwik Ghatak
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:Bihari people
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Tangail Saree
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:Nakshi kantha
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Fazli (mango)
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3795:Bankura horse
3793:
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3781:
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3405:
3395:
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3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
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3315:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
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3264:
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3199:
3197:
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3193:
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3189:
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3182:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3164:Bangla Pokkho
3162:
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3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3151:Rights groups
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
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3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
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3099:
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3089:
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3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:Hooghly River
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:Damodar River
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
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2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Sovabazar Raj
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:Bardhaman Raj
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Mughal Empire
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
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2797:
2796:Gauda Kingdom
2794:
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2789:
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2779:
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2773:
2769:
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2742:
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2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2724:
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2720:
2718:
2716:
2715:State symbols
2712:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
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2685:
2680:
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2673:
2671:
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2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:Coastal India
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Rann of Kutch
2464:
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2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Satpura Range
2276:
2274:
2273:Vindhya Range
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2258:Eastern Ghats
2256:
2254:
2253:Western Ghats
2251:
2246:
2245:Mount Everest
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
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2230:
2226:
2223:Geography of
2218:
2213:
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2206:
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2199:
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2195:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
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2129:
2126:
2125:
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2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Laccadive Sea
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:Gulf of Kutch
2085:
2083:
2082:Bay of Bengal
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
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2063:
2057:
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2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Skeleton Lake
2004:
2002:
1999:
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1994:
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1989:
1987:
1984:
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1798:Inland rivers
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1274:9781108348867
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843:Bay of Bengal
841:
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561:
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550:
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544:
543:river dolphin
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:Bengal tigers
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:
439:
438:
432:
430:
426:
422:
420:
415:
411:
406:
402:
397:
393:
386:
382:
372:
369:
361:
358:February 2013
351:
347:
343:
337:
336:
332:
327:This section
325:
321:
316:
315:
309:
307:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
277:
275:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
229:
228:James Rennell
224:
216:
209:
207:
205:
201:
200:Hooghly River
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:river systems
181:
180:Bay of Bengal
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:Bengal region
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
136:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4206:Ganges basin
4158:
4029:Meghnad Saha
3979:Satyajit Ray
3904:Demographics
3855:Manasa chali
3730:Tarini Khuro
3518:Krishnanagar
3041:Teesta River
3001:Ganges Delta
3000:
2961:Bengal Basin
2883:Jhargram Raj
2813:Sena dynasty
2704:
2645:Southeastern
2640:Southwestern
2620:Northeastern
2610:Northwestern
2441:Ganges Delta
2440:
2436:Ganges Basin
2426:Indus Valley
2369:Chota Nagpur
2348:Lushai Hills
2072:Indian Ocean
2056:Pulicat Lake
2026:Saiful Muluk
2011:Chilika Lake
2001:Pookode Lake
1986:Ganges Delta
1985:
1981:Ganges Basin
1747:
1716:
1707:the original
1702:
1687:. Retrieved
1672:
1652:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1510:
1507:Water Policy
1506:
1496:
1471:
1467:
1442:
1422:
1415:
1403:
1376:
1370:
1343:
1337:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1255:
1248:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1124:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
1078:the original
1073:
1064:
1055:
1052:the original
1047:
1038:
1014:
1007:. Retrieved
995:
991:
981:
973:
966:. Retrieved
962:the original
957:
948:
924:
915:
907:the original
902:
892:
879:
848:Bengal Tiger
809:
786:waterlogging
771:
763:
756:
747:
743:
736:
733:
724:
718:
707:
694:
682:
667:
636:
629:
588:Indian Plate
585:
573:
567:
557:
551:
534:
526:
516:
512:
502:
486:
480:
463:
451:
441:
435:
433:
428:
424:
417:
389:
385:Bengal tiger
364:
355:
340:Please help
328:
303:Ganges River
300:
281:
261:
233:
204:Meghna River
195:
192:Ganges River
156:Bengal Delta
155:
151:
147:
144:Ganges Delta
143:
141:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
18:Ganges delta
4180: /
4129:Amartya Sen
4099:Sukumar Ray
4089:Sarada Devi
4079:Ramakrishna
3835:Gobindobhog
3830:Garad Saree
3772:GI products
3688:Ratha Yatra
3656:Dol Purnima
3631:Chhau dance
3538:Murshidabad
3463:Cooch Behar
3283:Murshidabad
3234:Cooch Behar
2986:Rarh region
2808:Pala Empire
2745:Fishing cat
2692:West Bengal
2586:Afghanistan
2530:Lakshadweep
2400:Thar Desert
2298:Khasi Hills
2112:Palk Strait
2077:Arabian Sea
2036:Nizam Sagar
2021:Borith Lake
1991:Indus Delta
1825:Brahmaputra
1601:: 451–467.
1474:: 111–120.
1447:Bowden 2003
1408:Bowden 2003
1111:Bowden 2003
1099:Bowden 2003
1031:Bowden 2003
941:Bowden 2003
792:, improved
596:Burma Plate
499:woodpeckers
491:kingfishers
196:Green Delta
176:West Bengal
160:river delta
4241:Sundarbans
4195:Categories
4014:Jyoti Basu
4004:Jamini Roy
3895:Tulaipanji
3850:Madurkathi
3805:Chhau mask
3740:Kiriti Roy
3673:Durga Puja
3606:Chalchitra
3601:Patachitra
3488:Jalpaiguri
3468:Darjeeling
3428:Berhampore
3408:Cities and
3390:(declared)
3388:Sundarbans
3384:(declared)
3363:(declared)
3352:(declared)
3313:(declared)
3274:(declared)
3272:Berhampore
3244:Jalpaiguri
3239:Darjeeling
3229:Alipurduar
3073:Governance
2991:Sundarbans
2576:Bangladesh
2544:By country
2502:West Coast
2497:East Coast
2461:Sundarbans
2338:Naga Hills
2328:Hindu Kush
2283:Garo Hills
2225:South Asia
2121:Categories
2046:Malampuzha
2031:Gosaikunda
2016:Lake Powai
1820:Bhagirathi
1653:The Ganges
1644:References
1288:25 January
1057:eightfold.
958:BanglaPIRE
925:WorldAtlas
794:navigation
772:To offset
685:food chain
594:, and the
559:Rhizophora
556:, garjan (
547:endangered
529:) and the
456:crocodiles
296:Bangladesh
278:Population
172:Bangladesh
112:April 2011
82:newspapers
3936:Rajbanshi
3678:Bhai Dooj
3533:Midnapore
3508:Kharagpur
3503:Kalimpong
3453:Bishnupur
3448:Bardhaman
3433:Balurghat
3311:Bishnupur
3249:Kalimpong
3179:districts
3174:Divisions
2953:Geography
2878:Nadia Raj
2801:Shashanka
2690:State of
2571:Sri Lanka
2323:Karakoram
2239:Himalayas
2232:Mountains
2182:Sri Lanka
2155:Sri Lanka
2144:Sri Lanka
1935:Sarasvati
1905:Mahananda
1625:1470-160X
1576:1758-6798
1529:1366-7017
1488:1462-9011
1362:632079110
1329:1084-5453
1283:134078487
1240:162735048
1232:0971-9458
1181:0967-3407
774:land loss
661:River in
487:Axis axis
419:Heritiera
329:does not
288:Himalayas
210:Geography
3880:Sitabhog
3860:Mihidana
3840:Himsagar
3735:Kakababu
3626:Gombhira
3553:Siliguri
3523:Kurseong
3473:Durgapur
3382:Ranaghat
3361:Ichamati
3350:Basirhat
3317:Jhargram
3086:Governor
2908:Jugantar
2630:Southern
2625:Littoral
2615:Northern
2581:Maldives
2556:Pakistan
2409:Lowlands
2357:Plateaus
2268:Nilgiris
2178:Pakistan
2140:Pakistan
2107:Palk Bay
1996:Dal Lake
1910:Mahaweli
1900:Mahanadi
1860:Ghaghara
1845:Godavari
1689:23 April
1633:84181903
1197:84650653
1189:20722973
1009:22 April
828:Gangotri
817:See also
414:mangrove
405:brackish
310:Wildlife
284:monsoons
264:channels
257:laterite
249:alluvial
190:and the
4168:89°40′E
4165:22°42′N
3931:Adivasi
3636:Cuisine
3583:Culture
3548:Raiganj
3543:Purulia
3513:Kolkata
3443:Barasat
3438:Bankura
3423:Asansol
3418:Alipore
3367:Kolkata
3332:Purulia
3306:Bankura
3201:Hooghly
3196:Birbhum
3006:Climate
2788:History
2706:Kolkata
2701:Capital
2605:Central
2518:Islands
2393:Deserts
2065:Coastal
1940:Sankosh
1920:Narmada
1890:Krishna
1850:Gandaki
1840:Damodar
1830:Chambal
1805:Bagmati
1556:Bibcode
1084:12 July
968:13 June
697:climate
691:Climate
663:Kolkata
618:Economy
604:Kolkata
582:Geology
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2166:Bhutan
1965:Yamuna
1955:Sutlej
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1855:Ganges
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3053:Khoai
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2971:Terai
2778:Ilish
2561:Nepal
2551:India
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1348:ISBN
1325:ISSN
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1269:ISBN
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1177:ISSN
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970:2017
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