291:
Tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, cobalt and chromium occur on the shield as well. Mercury deposits in the Donets Basin are hosted in
Carboniferous sandstones as well as in the Transcarpathian Trough and Crimea (lead-zinc-gold mineralization are also found, while copper is found in Permian rocks in the Donets Basin).
290:
The
Proterozoic Ukrainian Shield hosts iron ore deposits in the Krivorozhsky Basin, while iron ore is also found in the Neogene Prichernomorian Depression. Manganese ores are known from Oligocene rocks in the south slope of the Ukrainian shield and titanium is found in magmatic and alluvial deposits.
294:
Geologists have discovered oil and gas deposits in the
Neogene of the Precarpathian Foredeep, the Paleozoic of the Dnieper-Donets Depression and in the Oligocene of the Prichernomorian Depression. Large coal reserves are situated in the Dnieper Lignite Basin, Donets Basin and Lvov-Volyn Depression.
282:
in the recent geologic past, much of
Ukraine was covered with glaciers with the exception of areas around the Sea of Azov and Black Sea which were flooded during the time period.
298:
The construction industry often quarries
Precambrian granite from the Ukraine Shield, while chemical industries extract rock salt, talc, mica, feldspar and glass-grade sand.
92:
within the last several hundred thousand years. The country has numerous metal deposits as well as minerals, building stone and high-quality industrial sands.
211:. Basalt and alkaline volcanic rocks intruded the Dnieper-Donets rift zone during this time and the Dnieper-Donets Depression and Donets Basin formed. These
254:, separating much of Ukraine from the Precarpathian Foredeep and Transcarpathian Depression. The central Ukrainian Shield was flooded during the
372:
500:
430:
242:
formed. The crust downwarped in the
Dnieper-Donets Depression and Donets Basin and deeper seas penetrated further inland during the
637:
450:
270:
an overall uplift of the region led to the retreat of seas to the north, with the exception of a transgression during the
136:
Tectonic forces had fractured the
Archean basement rock into sutures, blocks, troughs and depressions by the start of the
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475:
744:
713:
665:
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557:
365:
208:
670:
522:
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120:
belts due to tectonic evolution in the
Archean. The Late Archean was marked by the deposition of ancient
592:
552:
532:
512:
415:
358:
89:
149:
703:
527:
251:
173:
140:, although new folding began. The evolution of the rock units in the Proterozoic produced the stable
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197:
278:. A meganticlinorium had formed in Crimea by the end of the Oligocene. During the
279:
137:
125:
105:
101:
64:. Ukraine was intermittently flooded as the crust downwarped during much of the
41:
172:, the Volyn-Podolia region and southern Ukraine subsided and were flooded by a
255:
85:
275:
239:
169:
121:
117:
65:
25:
104:
crystalline basement rock of
Ukraine began to form. These rocks, including
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69:
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45:
37:
29:
21:
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Additionally, Ukraine has combustible black shale and peat deposits.
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184:
further south). Ukraine experienced volcanic activity related to the
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109:
57:
350:
100:
In the Early
Archean, the oldest granite layer that now form the
247:
77:
354:
156:
period, a delineation of Eastern European stratigraphy, the
128:
and basic eruptions from numerous volcanoes and fumaroles.
317:
Encyclopedia of European & Asian Regional Geology
234:
Much of the Ukrainian Shield was flooded during the
684:
646:
388:
274:. Marine basins finally retreated entirely in the
36:and formed more than 2.5 billion years ago in the
222:In the late Paleozoic, from the Permian into the
32:. The oldest rocks in the region are part of the
341:
329:
132:Proterozoic (1.5 billion-539 million years ago)
96:Stratigraphy, tectonics & geologic history
366:
203:Further tectonic changes came about with the
8:
315:Moores, E.M.; Fairbridge, Rhodes W. (1997).
226:, dry land continental conditions returned.
44:. Extensive tectonic evolution and numerous
88:and tectonics. Ukraine was impacted by the
373:
359:
351:
215:structures were flooded by the sea in the
307:
262:Cenozoic (66 million years ago-present)
48:mountain-building events fractured the
28:, natural resources and groundwater in
176:, which immersed the region until the
164:Paleozoic (539-251 million years ago)
7:
230:Mesozoic (251-66 million years ago)
144:, which was broken up further into
250:began to build, together with the
14:
207:, beginning the formation of the
20:is the regional study of rocks,
76:, before the formation of the
1:
319:. Springer. pp. 761–766.
342:Moores & Fairbridge 1997
330:Moores & Fairbridge 1997
84:defined much of its current
761:
209:Prichernomorian Depression
286:Natural resource geology
196:during the Devonian and
246:. Faults formed as the
90:Pleistocene glaciations
431:Bosnia and Herzegovina
194:Volyn-Podolia Platform
190:Lvov-Volyn Depression
52:into numerous block,
252:Carpathian Mountains
174:marine transgression
116:, was reworked into
82:Carpathian Mountains
647:States with limited
344:, pp. 765–766.
158:Dnieper-Donets Rift
745:Geology of Ukraine
382:Geology of Europe
186:Caledonian orogeny
148:formations by the
18:geology of Ukraine
732:
731:
236:Cimmerian orogeny
205:Hercynian orogeny
192:developed in the
150:Baikalian orogeny
752:
685:Dependencies and
389:Sovereign states
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368:
361:
352:
345:
339:
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321:
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160:began to form.
146:horst and graben
142:Ukrainian Shield
34:Ukrainian Shield
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750:
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666:Northern Cyprus
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563:North Macedonia
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217:Middle Devonian
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451:Czech Republic
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180:(or until the
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699:Faroe Islands
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671:South Ossetia
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523:Liechtenstein
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198:Carboniferous
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152:. During the
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676:Transnistria
632:
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316:
310:
297:
293:
289:
265:
233:
221:
202:
167:
135:
99:
17:
15:
714:Isle of Man
649:recognition
623:Switzerland
558:Netherlands
280:Pleistocene
238:as a large
138:Proterozoic
126:charnockite
106:plagioclase
102:Precambrian
62:depressions
42:Precambrian
40:eon of the
593:San Marino
553:Montenegro
533:Luxembourg
513:Kazakhstan
416:Azerbaijan
302:References
256:Cretaceous
86:topography
72:and early
704:Gibraltar
528:Lithuania
276:Oligocene
240:anticline
170:Paleozoic
122:greywacke
118:granulite
108:granite,
66:Paleozoic
26:tectonics
739:Category
724:Svalbard
709:Guernsey
656:Abkhazia
608:Slovenia
603:Slovakia
578:Portugal
436:Bulgaria
268:Cenozoic
244:Jurassic
224:Triassic
213:syncline
178:Devonian
74:Cenozoic
70:Mesozoic
22:minerals
633:Ukraine
583:Romania
543:Moldova
501:Ireland
496:Iceland
491:Hungary
481:Germany
476:Georgia
466:Finland
461:Estonia
456:Denmark
441:Croatia
426:Belgium
421:Belarus
411:Austria
406:Armenia
401:Andorra
396:Albania
266:In the
182:Permian
168:In the
154:Riphean
58:grabens
46:orogeny
38:Archean
30:Ukraine
719:Jersey
661:Kosovo
628:Turkey
618:Sweden
598:Serbia
588:Russia
573:Poland
568:Norway
548:Monaco
518:Latvia
486:Greece
471:France
446:Cyprus
272:Eocene
188:. The
114:gneiss
110:basalt
54:horsts
694:Åland
613:Spain
538:Malta
508:Italy
50:crust
248:Alps
112:and
80:and
78:Alps
60:and
16:The
219:.
200:.
741::
258:.
124:,
68:,
56:,
24:,
374:e
367:t
360:v
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