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Highnesse, putting on such garments, in reverent, discreet and sober manner, as shall be his Grace’s pleasure to weare; and that none of the said groomes or ushers doe approach or presume (unlesse they be otherwise by his Grace commanded or admitted) to lay hands upon his royall person, or intermeddle with prepareing or dressing of the fame, but onely that said six gentlemen : except it be to warme cloaths or to bring to the said gentlemen such things as shall apperteyne to the apparelling and dressing of the King’s said perſon.
242:'s Privy chamber. All of these gentlemen, except for Barnaby, were 10 to 15 years older than the king. Usually, the six "principal gentlemen" would be close intimates of the monarch; however, with a king as young and inexperienced as Edward, there was a huge possibility that some of these men could have forced themselves onto the king rather than the other way around. In fact, it might well have been the case that there were gentlemen of the privy chamber who were not so friendly with the king: such may have been Sir
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that the King being absent, without they be commanded to goe with his Grace, they shall not only give their continuall and diligent attendance in the said
Chamber, but also leave hearkening and inquiring where the King is or goeth, be it early or late, without grudgeing, mumbling, or talking of the King's Pastime; late or early going to bedd.
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chamber (often styled presence chamber). "While entry to the
Presence Chamber was strongly contested by many, the key to real influence lay in access to the Privy Chamber." In fact, maintaining verbal contact with the King effectively required access to and control of the King's private lodgings; in other words, the privy chamber.
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Council) who would pack the privy chamber with his allies. This not only suggests that the members of the privy chamber changed depending on who occupied these positions of power, but also hints that the privy chamber was very useful in maintaining the power of such people. In fact, John Fowler indirectly maintained
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as Henry did. The
Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber usually became very distinguished individuals, sometimes having more influence over the king even than his wife. As Henry's rule progressed, the number of office-holders in the privy chamber increased, partly to accommodate outsiders who had recognised
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As salary, a gentleman received £50 a year, a gentleman usher £30, and a groom £20. The gentlemen were regular officers of the court and hence belonged to what was called the "Ordinary of the King's
Honorable House", as opposed to the six gentlemen, two gentlemen ushers, four grooms, one barber, and
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It is ordeyned that such persons as be appointed of the privy
Chamber, shall be loving together, and of good Unity and accord keeping secrett all such things as shalbe done or said in the same, without disclosing any part thereof to any person Not being for the time present in the said chamber, and
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The duties of the gentlemen of the privy chamber or "gentlemen weyters" (later these gentlemen waiters would belong to the chamber) were required to "dilligently attend upon... person... doeing humble, reverent, secrett and lowly service". In other words, this service consisted primarily in giving
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It is also ordeyned that the six gentlemen of the privy chamber, by seven of the clock or sooner, as the King the night before determineth to arise in the morning, shall be in the said chamber there diligently attending upon his Grace coming forth; being ready and prompt, to apparel and dresse his
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The privy chamber was the most influential department in an
English royal household. It contained the king's "privy lodging", consisting of bedroom, library, study, and lavatory. What was known as the chamber was later divided into a privy chamber (distinguished from bedchamber in 1559), and outer
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became an increasingly influential one, especially in King Henry's old age, when he required a great deal of physical assistance. Although this position was one of a male servant to the household, in charge of the "royal excretion" (which meant he had the task of cleaning the monarch's anus after
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had ascended the throne, the privy chamber had become quite institutionalized, with a regular staff of its own, such as gentlemen, ushers, grooms, and pages. It developed further under the reign of Henry VIII, through a winding process of reform and reorganisation, particularly from 1518 to 1536.
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emerged as "a political figure, based in the privy chamber, and able to control access to the young king on behalf of his patron, the Duke of
Northumberland." Usually, it was the person closest to the king (whether it was the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Protector or the Lord President of the Privy
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In the early years of Henry VIII's reign, the title
Gentleman of the Privy Chamber was awarded to subordinates of the king and to court companions who spent time with him. These were the sons of noblemen or important members of the gentry. In time, they came to act as personal secretaries to the
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The gentlemen who dominated the privy chamber were servants of the Crown and usually "shared two characteristics: the king's religion and the king's personal favour." Apart from playing an "increasingly important role in the handling of the crown's cash", the Privy chamber also played a military
293:, lost their places for resisting the appointment of Scottish courtiers. The new Privy Chamber formed in May 1603 had 48 gentlemen, twelve in service at any time. The new grooms seem to have been of lower family status than Elizabeth’s, but the ushers enjoyed some superiority. The
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became king of
England in 1603. The institutions of the Scottish royal court and household and the architectural spaces of the palaces were different to England. James' varlets of the "chalmer" became grooms of the bedchamber. Some English courtiers, like
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king, carrying out a variety of administrative tasks within his private rooms. The position was an especially respected one since it held the promise of regularly gaining the king's attention, as described in the
Ordinances of Eltham:
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were noble-born servants to the Crown who would wait and attend on the King in private, as well as during various court activities, functions and entertainments. In addition, six of these gentlemen were appointed by the
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and the Chief Gentleman of the Chamber, with overall responsibility for all staff. These people usually organised hunting expeditions, in King Henry's case, or games, in the case of the boy King
73:. As a singular mark of favour, they were empowered to execute the King's verbal command without producing any written order; their person and character being deemed sufficient authority.
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role, providing an "army-within-an-army". Often, the gentlemen in the privy chamber were peers of Henry or figures of importance in the government, who shared their duties with the
273:'s household, at the time of her death, included a Privy Chamber establishment of seven Ladies and thirteen Gentlewomen, alongside a mere half a dozen Gentlemen and Grooms. Under
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the advantages of holding a post so close to the king, and partly to provide enough cover to allow staff some release from duty. Occasionally, as in the case of
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defecation), the service was seen as very honourable rather than humiliating, and the Groom of the Stool had a high standing.
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who, as a young man early in his reign, had a "desire to have friends around him"; friends who also enjoyed sports and
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Extract from the Ordinances of Eltham, manuscript dated 1526, in which the nature of the privy Chamber is 'ordeyned'
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company to the sovereign and in dressing and undressing him, although they performed a variety of chores.
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the number of males on the establishment was further reduced to just two, one Gentleman and one Groom.
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The privy chamber led to the rise of many powerful men. Later in the reign of King Edward VI, Sir
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one page, whose positions had been established during the reign of King Henry VIII.
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The privy chamber originated in Henry VII's reign (1485–1509). By the time his son
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became a particularly influential courtier and conduit of patronage.
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Below Gentlemen in the hierarchy of the Privy Chamber were the
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The English Court from the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War
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Privy chamber and outer chamber in an English royal household
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Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
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During 1549–53, there were six "principal gentlemen" (Sir
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Extract (b) from the Ordinances of Eltham, January 1526
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Extract (a) from the Ordinances of Eltham, January 1526
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For the section of the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, see
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The reign of Henry VIII: politics, policy, and piety
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and Barnaby) and twenty-six "ordinary gentlemen" in
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27:Private apartment of a royal residence in England
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529:(1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
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32:Topkapı Palace § Privy Chamber
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214:(1547–1551): Beheaded 1552 for
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554:Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber
266:Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth
58:Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber
18:Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber
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497:(London, 1987), pp. 173-225.
419:Patterson, Orlande (1982).
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483:. London: A & C Black.
405:at nationalarchives.gov.uk
393:at nationalarchives.gov.uk
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67:Master of the Ceremonies
479:Loades, David (2006).
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321:TudorRoyal Household
286:James VI of Scotland
212:Sir Michael Stanhope
146:Ordinances of Eltham
481:Elizabeth I: A Life
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