72:
119:
31:
2209:
on the
Jutland peninsula, which belonged to the Crown of Denmark until Prussia and Austria declared war on Denmark in 1864, leading to dozens of placenames of Danish origin, except in North Frisia and the southernmost area. Typical Scandinavian endings include -by, -bøl, -trup, -lund, -ved, -toft (in
1646:
Some settlements have the name of a river or the province attached to their name to distinguish it from an (even distant) one carrying the same name. The distinguishing word can be added in parentheses, or connected to the name with prepositions
1503:. This sometimes refers (particularly in present and former Austrian territories) to the original language of the inhabitants. Other examples: Böhmisch Krummau (Česky Krumlov), Unter-Deutschau (Nemška Loka).
2210:
German form: -by, -büll, -trup, -lund, -witt, -toft). In some cases the South
Jutlandic form has been eradicated from the Standard Danish variety of the name, but is still visible in the Germanised version:
2165:) have Slavic roots. Due to spelling and pronunciation changes over the centuries, the original Wendish term in most cases is not preserved. Also, some placenames combine a German with a Wendish term (e.g.
1314:
Prefixes can be used to distinguish nearby settlements with an otherwise same name. They can be attached or stand alone. Both settlements that are to be distinguished can have opposing prefixes (e.g.
2326:, an unrelated Slavic ending which is common in eastern Germany. Such arbitrary translations were often made by the central Prussian government after the whole of Slesvig was ceded to
1615:("bath") indicates the place is an officially acknowledged spa. See Bad Kissingen, Bad Pyrmont, etc. Some places, like Aachen, do not use it although they could.
2374:
1760:
Sometimes, a descriptive word is attached to a new settlement, that was once budding of another one and except for the attached word has the same name.
957:
2369:
2535:
2525:
2515:
1510:
2540:
2530:
2455:
220:
202:
58:
1402:
2520:
136:
44:
2505:
183:
398:
140:
1538:
1115:
155:
2431:
1526:
1442:
914:
535:
162:
84:
2415:
1846:
906:
531:
129:
1854:
1794:
1550:
1097:
169:
1618:
Often the name of the village founder or of the first settler constitute the first part of the place name (e.g.
2379:
2196:
1699:
2479:
1605:
2331:
151:
1751:
1739:
1585:
1446:
2113:(possibly from a Polabian word meaning "Swamp"). For the same reason, many German placenames ending in
1725:
1709:
1694:
1460:
1230:
363:
93:
50:
2074:
2042:
1938:
1743:
1704:
1496:
1398:
884:
876:
2206:
2202:
2078:
1774:
1747:
868:
578:
2510:
2451:
2354:
2082:
2070:
2066:
1675:
1354:
521:
499:
461:
19:
176:
2062:
2052:
1868:
1755:
1731:
1680:
1358:
2435:
2359:
2142:
1500:
712:
237:
2037:
1212:
937:
1556:
Prefixes can also be used to indicate an (earlier) possession of the site. Examples are
71:
2364:
2033:
1941:
times, when the southern and western parts of the German language area belonged to the
1807:
1627:
1438:
1372:
1151:
971:
928:
751:
686:
435:
413:
274:
2499:
2126:
2029:
1850:
1715:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1569:
1376:
1350:
1303:
1277:
1013:
924:
910:
792:
704:
682:
645:
543:
495:
491:
389:
1634:
area, the locator's name was sometimes included as the first part of the name (e.g.
970:(from Slavic suffix -ov, -ów). Examples: village and town names' suffixes on former
863:(meaning "descendants of", used with a personal name as the first part; cf. English
273:(from Slavic suffix -ov, -ów). Examples: village and town names' suffixes on former
2166:
1942:
1420:
1285:
1281:
1204:
1037:
814:
776:
690:
286:
1406:
1089:
872:
439:
417:
2399:
2058:
1993:
1631:
1623:
1561:
1137:
1111:
1025:
983:
846:
836:
832:
708:
641:
324:
282:
278:
118:
2471:
2428:
1877:
times in the southern and western parts of the German language area. Examples:
1738:
Often, attachments or prepositions are abbreviated in the official names, e.g.
2162:
2150:
2098:
2013:
1997:
1874:
1482:
1474:
1330:
1234:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1107:
1093:
995:
942:
822:
788:
784:
667:
622:
596:
574:
473:
465:
381:
260:
240:
area can be classified by the language from which they originate, and by era.
2338:
2315:
2021:
1842:
1830:
1719:
1635:
1619:
1597:
1478:
1208:
1129:
1085:
1060:
1051:
1047:
961:
880:
818:
768:
663:
631:
614:
592:
556:
539:
517:
421:
385:
233:
2480:
http://www.isoglosse.de/2015/07/cluster-von-toponymsuffixen-in-deutschland/
1996:
times, when Latin was the language of church and administration. Examples:
1910:
1815:
1133:
975:
2185:
1982:
1970:
1838:
1255:
1033:
1017:
979:
850:
780:
772:
756:
678:
618:
564:
560:
469:
353:
342:
2085:. The German settlers and administration in many cases adopted existing
1322:), but it is also common to attach the prefix only to one of them (e.g.
2483:
2327:
2134:
2102:
2090:
1954:
1946:
1886:
1811:
1324:
1289:
1251:
1198:
1021:
991:
987:
457:
377:
349:
346:
264:
2118:
2110:
1962:
1898:
1834:
1250:
settlements in
Germanic surroundings). Examples: Bernhardwinden near
764:
760:
722:
659:
588:
320:
1798:
districts were established by
Charlemagne; earlier derivations were
2086:
1974:
1929:
1878:
1247:
392:("king's mountain", now Kaliningrad), Landesbergen. Also reduced
285:. See also: German naming convention of Polish town names during
2184:
when derived from the Old German spelling (u= w =double u; e.g.
2172:
2005:
449:
300:
255:
1773:("farm"), sometimes carrying an additional Roman number (e.g.
112:
65:
24:
1517:
Prefixes can also have a descriptive character. Examples are
2489:
1630:, the founder was Ratbald or Ratbert). Mostly in the former
2492:
Placename pattern visualization using regular expressions
319:) describes settlements by streams and rivers. Examples:
2341:(Slesvig), from which the region derives its name, was
2314:
In many other cases the
Germanised versions are out of
89:
530:("ridge", Switzerland and western Austria), Examples:
1921:; the old name of the town in its Romanized form was
1742:("Berg bei Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz"), or compare
745:(North Germany) ("home", "settlement"; cf. English
143:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
244:German names from prehistoric and medieval times
1862:German place names derived from other languages
1671:("in"), or separated by a slash. Examples are:
299:(related to rivers or water), see German words
1826:They usually follow the established patterns.
2416:"Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!"
1853:("William's haven/harbor", referring to King
1718:("at the lake", without the specific name of
8:
2318:context. Examples include the Danish ending
1080:("settlement", "town", "place"; cf. English
952:(Northeastern) ("small island"; cf. English
490:("village") cf. English "Thorpe". Examples:
2375:List of English exonyms for German toponyms
59:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2213:
721:(South and Central Germany, Switzerland,
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:Learn how and when to remove this message
2345:with the stress on the second syllable.
2337:The South Jutlandic name of the town of
2081:were spoken in the eastern parts of the
1509:("lower"; literally "under"). Examples:
2391:
2370:German names for Central European towns
2024:", ultimately from Greek μοναστήριον -
1712:(former German name of the Polish town)
1106:("stone", "rock", "castle"). Examples:
703:("haven","harbor", "port"). Examples:
2404:. Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme. 1943.
7:
1845:city", name for Chemnitz during the
1473:("uppermost", "highest"). Examples:
1028:. It can also be used as the prefix
658:("hillside", "slope"; cf. Norwegian
630:("hedged field or wood"). Examples:
141:adding citations to reliable sources
2008:", ultimately from Greek μοναχός -
1905:("fair bottom country") or Celtic
2448:Geographische Namen in Deutschland
1046:("ridge", "watershed"). Examples:
14:
1806:(Gau) for example in Haspengouw (
1397:("high(er)", "upper"). Examples:
83:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
40:This article has multiple issues.
472:("Salt City", a Medieval name),
117:
70:
29:
1893:("king's field"), Latinized as
1885:, derived from a Celtic name),
1596:(possession of the crown, e.g.
1568:("a bishop's possession", e.g.
128:needs additional citations for
48:or discuss these issues on the
2322:(peninsula) being replaced by
1822:German names from modern times
1576:("a count's possession", e.g.
1560:("ecclesial possession", e.g.
1276:("island", "holm"). Examples:
1128:("valley", "dale"). Examples:
1006:-rath, -rode, -reuth, or -rade
613:("castle", "farm"). Examples:
1:
2176:can be related to the Slavic
809:("farmhouse(s)"; cf. English
1802:One can still find the old
923:("river mouth"). Examples:
2557:
2536:Geography of Liechtenstein
2526:Names of places in Austria
2516:Names of places in Germany
1985:" and the Germanic suffix
1626:, the founder was Gerolf,
861:-ingen, -ungen, -ung, -ens
17:
2490:https://ssz.fr/places/#//
1728:("under the castle Teck")
1638:, the locator was Hans).
1193:("meadow"; cf. Norwegian
1008:("clearing"; cf. English
936:("confluence"). Example:
2541:Geography of Switzerland
2531:Names of places in Italy
2472:Grundwörter in Ortsnamen
2380:List of European exonyms
2089:placenames, for example
2057:: Prior to the medieval
1740:Berg b.Neumarkt i.d.OPf.
1700:Rothenburg ob der Tauber
1622:, the founder was Otto;
1495:("Wendish") . Examples:
1469:("upper", "higher"), or
376:("mountain"). Examples:
303:or Aue. This meaning of
96:may contain suggestions.
81:may need to be rewritten
18:Not to be confused with
2521:Geography of Luxembourg
2446:Berger, Dieter (1999).
1604:(once belonging to the
1371:("greater"). Examples:
1163:("forest"; cf. English
897:("church", cf. English
733:(Bavaria and Austria),
508:("island"; cf. English
337:("stream"; cf. English
2506:Place name etymologies
1913:(from the Celtic word
1901:(Vienna) (from Celtic
1752:Langenfeld (Rheinland)
1455:("lower"; cf. English
1419:("little"). Examples:
1229:("hamlet"). Examples:
677:("houses"). Examples:
468:(on the river Regen),
412:("bridge"). Examples:
2169:). The German suffix
1685:Frankfurt an der Oder
1302:("meadow"). Example:
640:("grove"). Examples:
555:("field"). Examples:
399:Bromberg ← Brahenburg
259:("river"). Examples:
2188:was earlier spelled
1909:("forest brook") ),
1855:William I of Prussia
1726:Kirchheim unter Teck
1710:Lauenburg in Pommern
1695:Freiburg im Breisgau
1584:("the king's", e.g.
1525:("open range", e.g.
1493:Windisch- (Slovene)
1150:("tower"). Example:
1059:("lake"). Examples:
587:("ford"). Examples:
573:("rock"). Examples:
454:bury, borough, burgh
434:("hill"). Examples:
362:("tree"). Examples:
137:improve this article
2486:suffixes in Germany
2450:. Mannheim: Duden.
2093:(from Old Polabian
1953:"joining rivers"),
1744:Landau in der Pfalz
1586:Königs Wusterhausen
1497:Wendisch Baggendorf
1437:("new"). Examples:
1349:("old"). Examples:
956:). Examples: Dutch
327:, rivers named Aue.
2434:2006-11-17 at the
2207:Duchy of Schleswig
2203:Southern Schleswig
948:(Northwestern) or
938:Hannoversch Münden
307:(earlier spelling
2355:Germanic toponymy
2312:
2311:
2083:Holy Roman Empire
1800:Gowe" and "Gouwe.
1792:The old Germanic
1676:Frankfurt am Main
1461:Niederschönhausen
1316:Niederschönhausen
666:, Osshalden near
500:Kleinblittersdorf
339:beck, bach, batch
231:
230:
223:
213:
212:
205:
187:
152:"German toponymy"
111:
110:
85:quality standards
63:
20:Germanic toponymy
2548:
2476:
2461:
2438:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2396:
2214:
2201:: The region of
2063:Slavic languages
1957:(Cologne) (from
1756:Stolberg (Rhld.)
1732:Lahr/Schwarzwald
1705:Bergen auf Rügen
1681:Frankfurt (Oder)
1606:princes of Rügen
1399:Hohenschönhausen
1320:Hohenschönhausen
1138:St. Joachimsthal
1010:rod, rode, royde
226:
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208:
201:
197:
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121:
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97:
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55:
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32:
25:
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2445:
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2441:
2436:Wayback Machine
2427:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2360:Celtic toponymy
2351:
2220:South Jutlandic
2217:Standard Danish
2143:Lancken-Granitz
2000:(Munich) (from
1917:, derived from
1864:
1839:Karl-Marx-Stadt
1837:dale/valley"),
1824:
1814:) or Gäu as in
1790:
1748:Landau a.d.Isar
1644:
1549:("green", e.g.
1511:Unterliederbach
1501:Windischgarsten
1312:
1246:(meaning small
958:Schiermonnikoog
950:-öhe, -oie, -ee
713:Friedrichshafen
452:"; cf. English
251:
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238:German language
227:
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5:
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2466:External links
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2407:
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2389:
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2383:
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2365:German exonyms
2362:
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2221:
2218:
2212:
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2193:
2105:(from Sorbian
2049:
2048:
2047:
1990:
1926:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1823:
1820:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1768:
1767:("settlement")
1765:(...)-Siedlung
1736:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1713:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1689:Frankfurt/Oder
1683:(also written
1678:
1643:
1640:
1628:Rappoltsweiler
1537:("nice", e.g.
1515:
1514:
1504:
1486:
1464:
1450:
1439:Neuburg am Inn
1433:or Low German
1424:
1415:or Low German
1410:
1380:
1362:
1345:or Low German
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1293:
1259:
1254:, Wenden near
1237:
1216:
1180:
1154:
1141:
1119:
1101:
1063:
1054:
1041:
999:
972:Polabian Slavs
965:
940:
931:
918:
888:
854:
849:"). Examples:
840:
826:
796:
752:Hamlet (place)
716:
694:
687:Recklinghausen
671:
649:
635:
625:
600:
582:
568:
546:
525:
503:
486:, Low German
477:
443:
425:
403:
367:
357:
333:or Low German
328:
290:
289:as an analogy.
275:Polabian Slavs
268:
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2457:3-411-06252-5
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2401:Danzig-Putzig
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2127:Burg Stargard
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1968:
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1935:
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1924:
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1908:
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1889:(from Celtic
1888:
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1851:Wilhelmshaven
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1783:("expansion")
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1716:Kochel am See
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1570:Bischofswerda
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1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:). Examples:
1458:
1454:
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1448:
1444:
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1422:
1418:
1414:
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1403:Hohkönigsburg
1400:
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1388:
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1363:
1360:
1356:
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1351:Alt Eberstein
1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:
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1335:
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2038:Grossmünster
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1986:
1978:
1969:"springs"),
1966:
1961:"colony"),
1958:
1950:
1945:. Examples:
1943:Roman Empire
1928:
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1894:
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1881:(from Latin
1867:
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1781:(...)-Ausbau
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135:Please help
130:verification
127:
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90:You can help
80:
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43:
42:Please help
39:
15:
2475:(in German)
2332:war of 1864
2059:Ostsiedlung
2040:. See also
2034:Fraumünster
2026:monastērion
2018:monasterium
1951:Confluentes
1883:Moguntiacum
1875:prehistoric
1775:Sanz Hof IV
1642:Attachments
1632:Ostsiedlung
1624:Gerolfingen
1611:The prefix
1562:Kirch Jesar
1373:Groß Kiesow
1165:weald, wold
1152:Weißenthurm
1112:Bartenstein
1026:Wernigerode
929:Ueckermünde
915:Neunkirchen
853:, Waldshut.
823:Diedenhofen
709:Bremerhaven
642:Blankenhain
579:Lichtenfels
512:Low German
436:Dinkelsbühl
414:Saarbrücken
364:Oranienbaum
323:, the town
2500:Categories
2386:References
2330:after the
2163:Malschwitz
2099:river fork
2075:Pomeranian
2030:Neumünster
1873:, used in
1663:("on") or
1659:("upon"),
1602:Rügenwalde
1590:Königsberg
1578:Grafenwöhr
1539:Schönwalde
1483:Oberstdorf
1475:Oberhausen
1377:Großenhain
1331:Neustettin
1278:Donauwörth
1235:Eschweiler
1177:Regenwalde
1173:Creutzwald
1169:Greifswald
1116:Königstein
1108:Allenstein
1094:Ingolstadt
943:Low German
925:Angermünde
789:Hildesheim
683:Mühlhausen
668:Crailsheim
646:Großenhain
623:Leingarten
597:Klagenfurt
575:Rothenfels
492:Düsseldorf
466:Regensburg
462:Luxembourg
396:, e.g. in
390:Königsberg
382:Heidelberg
261:Echternach
234:Placenames
163:newspapers
45:improve it
2429:Stednavne
2339:Schleswig
2256:Billschau
2079:Slovenian
2022:monastery
1981:"city of
1939:classical
1903:Windobona
1895:Rigomagus
1891:Rigomagos
1843:Karl Marx
1831:Wuppertal
1771:(...)-Hof
1636:Hanshagen
1620:Oettingen
1598:Kronstadt
1566:Bischofs-
1489:Wendisch-
1479:Oberwesel
1407:Höchstadt
1359:Oldenburg
1355:Altenberg
1231:Annweiler
1209:Ellwangen
1130:Wuppertal
1090:Eichstätt
1086:Darmstadt
1061:Falkensee
1052:Remscheid
1048:Burscheid
962:Hiddensee
907:Feldkirch
881:Straubing
877:Esslingen
873:Göttingen
819:Bechhofen
769:Pforzheim
679:Mülhausen
664:Haldensee
632:Hanshagen
615:Stuttgart
593:Frankfurt
557:Bielefeld
540:Felsenegg
532:Scheidegg
518:Norderney
488:dorp/torp
474:Straßburg
440:Kitzbühel
422:Innsbruck
418:Osnabrück
193:July 2011
102:July 2011
94:talk page
51:talk page
2511:Toponymy
2432:Archived
2349:See also
2343:Sljasvig
2307:Sünderup
2302:Synnerup
2297:Sønderup
2190:Prenzlow
2186:Prenzlau
2107:Drežďany
2067:Polabian
2010:monachos
2002:monachus
1994:medieval
1983:Augustus
1971:Augsburg
1923:Turicum.
1810:name of
1720:the lake
1655:("at"),
1551:Grunwald
1523:Lichter-
1519:Lichten-
1447:Nienburg
1310:Prefixes
1256:Ebhausen
1197:English
1098:Neustadt
1078:-stetten
1034:Radebeul
1018:Bayreuth
984:Stäbelow
980:Neubukow
891:-kirchen
851:Landshut
837:Grünhufe
781:Mannheim
773:Kirchham
757:Alkersum
741:(West),
619:Stargard
565:Saalfeld
561:Mansfeld
536:Schönegg
522:Hacheney
470:Salzburg
406:-brücken
386:Nürnberg
354:Wandsbek
343:Amorbach
279:Lübbenau
249:Suffixes
2484:toponym
2328:Prussia
2273:Achtrup
2268:Achtrup
2251:Bilskau
2246:Bilskov
2223:German
2153:), and
2151:Gützkow
2135:Wolgast
2109:), and
2103:Dresden
2091:Rostock
2087:Wendish
2071:Sorbian
2043:minster
2014:Münster
1998:München
1979:Augusta
1959:Colonia
1947:Koblenz
1915:turicon
1907:Wedunia
1887:Remagen
1812:Hesbaye
1582:Königs-
1574:Grafen-
1535:Schöne-
1471:Oberst-
1453:Nieder-
1417:Lütten-
1369:Großen-
1325:Stettin
1300:-wiesen
1290:Ruhrort
1262:-werder
1252:Ansbach
1244:-winden
1227:-willer
1223:-weiler
1191:-wängle
1187:-wangen
1044:-scheid
1022:Overath
996:Güstrow
992:Teterow
988:Malchow
934:-münden
869:Reading
785:Mülheim
656:-halden
611:-garten
510:ey, ea,
458:Hamburg
378:Bamberg
374:-bergen
350:Reinbek
347:Ansbach
265:Salzach
236:in the
177:scholar
2454:
2280:Jydbæk
2263:Agtrup
2161:(e.g.
2149:(e.g.
2141:(e.g.
2133:(e.g.
2125:(e.g.
2119:Ummanz
2117:(e.g.
2111:Berlin
2095:rostok
2077:, and
2053:Slavic
2016:(from
1977:(from
1965:(from
1963:Aachen
1949:(from
1911:Zürich
1869:Celtic
1849:era),
1835:Wupper
1816:Allgäu
1788:Others
1734:, etc.
1657:ob der
1649:an der
1558:Kirch-
1547:Grüne-
1531:Schön-
1507:Unter-
1457:nether
1431:Neuen-
1413:Klein-
1387:Hohen-
1347:Olden-
1343:Alten-
1296:-wiese
1270:-wörth
1266:-werth
1248:Slavic
1161:-walde
1144:-thurm
1134:Roßtal
1104:-stein
1074:-stätt
1070:-stedt
1066:-stadt
976:Bützow
954:ey, ea
921:-münde
901:Dutch
895:-kirch
867:as in
807:-hofen
765:Borkum
761:Bochum
723:Alsace
701:-hafen
697:-haven
675:hausen
660:Halden
652:-halde
628:-hagen
589:Erfurt
553:-felde
432:-bühel
410:-brück
321:Passau
179:
172:
165:
158:
150:
92:. The
2324:-nitz
2290:Jübek
2285:Jybæk
2229:Meden
2199:names
2159:-witz
2155:-vitz
2131:-gast
2123:-gard
2065:like
2055:names
1992:from
1987:-burg
1975:Augst
1967:Aquae
1937:from
1932:names
1930:Latin
1919:turus
1879:Mainz
1871:names
1808:Dutch
1804:Gouwe
1750:, or
1594:Kron-
1543:Grün-
1467:Ober-
1435:Nien-
1395:Hoch-
1391:Höch-
1365:Groß-
1272:, or
1242:, or
1240:-wend
1225:, or
1219:-weil
1195:vang.
1189:, or
1183:-wang
1157:-wald
1148:-turm
1126:-thal
1082:stead
1076:, or
1030:Rade-
1002:-roth
885:Esens
847:guard
829:-hufe
803:-hoff
719:-heim
699:, or
654:oder
638:-hain
609:, or
607:-gart
603:-gard
585:-furt
571:-fels
549:-feld
484:-torf
480:-dorf
446:-burg
430:, or
428:-bühl
394:-burg
370:-berg
360:-baum
331:-bach
184:JSTOR
170:books
2452:ISBN
2320:-næs
2239:Meyn
2234:Mejn
2180:and
2139:-itz
2115:-anz
2101:"),
2006:monk
1973:and
1955:Köln
1899:Wien
1795:Gaue
1754:and
1746:and
1427:Neu-
1383:Hoh-
1339:Alt-
1328:and
1318:and
1274:-ort
1200:wang
1122:-tal
1057:-see
1014:Roth
946:-oog
903:kerk
857:-ing
843:-hut
833:hide
811:hope
799:-hof
749:and
735:-hem
727:-ham
528:-egg
450:keep
335:-bek
317:ouwe
297:-aue
283:Plau
256:-ach
156:news
2182:-ov
2178:-ow
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2097:, "
2028:),
2020:, "
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