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protection in their homes from protection documents issued by the Swiss vice-consul, with 76 houses designated as buildings under Swiss diplomatic protection. Limited quotas of protection documents that Lutz had been allocated in the anticipation that they would be used for individuals were instead adapted so that each applied to entire family units, this increasing the number of people protected. Lutz's team engaged in constant legalistic wrangles to ensure that the diplomatic protections were respected under wartime conditions, but with the German forces accustomed to following rules and frightened of the consequences of not doing so, the protective documents issued and administered on behalf of neutral
Switzerland were widely respected by soldiers on the ground through most of 1944.
645:: English was not widely understood beyond the merchant classes in the cities. One of the new mission chief's most pressing tasks was therefore to arrange hands-on vehicle maintenance courses for drivers and mechanics, and to have the manufacturers' documentation translated into Turkish. The drivers and the vehicles were critical elements in the malaria eradication programme, and while funding for the necessary training was released by UNICEF without demur, the launch of the lengthy exercise was significantly delayed by the Jeep problems. The eradication was in full swing, but still far from completed, when Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser was moved on again in 1966, this time back to (western) Europe. Based (initially) in
350:, representing Germany diplomatically in Palestine also involved coping with a massive level of humanitarian and social work. In handling these responsibilities the formidable organisational abilities of Gertrud Lutz came to the fore. One of the largest tasks for Gertrud involved looking after the women, children and old people among the German citizens - many of them political or racial refugees - who had been interned in camps by the British authorities. Another major responsibility involved creating and sustaining contacts with large numbers of German Jews in the territory who had suddenly found themselves rendered stateless in 1935 as a result of the
575:, which meant that agencies including the Red Cross and UNICEF were called upon to provide extensive medical support along with the feeding programme. UNICEF also funded an anti-rickets campaign and short post-graduate study programmes in Switzerland for young Polish doctors. In Poland as in Germany most of the industrial capacity had been reduced to rubble during the war. During Lutz-Fankhauser's time running the UNICEF mission in Poland, in collaboration with the government and other agencies, UNICEF arranged vaccination programmes. They also supplied pasteurisation equipment for milk collection depots and set up five powdered milk factories.
33:
464:, Carl and Gertrud Lutz looked after "more than 50" people who were hidden in the basement of the Swiss embassy buildings, which now included not merely the pre-war Swiss embassy building but also the former embassies of states that were now, following the severing of direct diplomatic relations, being represented by the foreign interest section of the much expended Swiss diplomatic estate. The cellar of the burned out former British embassy building was being used to hide, according to one of them interviewed in 2017, roughly thirty people.
785:/ Dono svizzero / Donaziun svizra has been described as a coming together of the Swiss people for the victims of the war in eighteen European countries, including Germany. Its activities were jointly funded by national government, cantonal governments, municipalities, corporate donors and individuals. Interviewed 38 years later Gertrud Lutz herself described "Don Suisse" as a "semi-official relief organization created to assist civilian victims in war devastated countries".
609:"... much as I knew that a highly challenging mission was awaiting me at the European office, I returned rather reluctantly, since I was fundamentally a field person, feeling closest to the people in poor areas of the countries I had been assigned to. For years I had been at the end where UNICEF was rendering its assistance. Paris ... meant seeking increased contributions from Governments and supporting National Committees in their fund-raising campaigns..."
752:. The foundation has translated its mission statement into English as follows: "Our aim is to commemorate the many women who have achieved so much and to ensure that they are never forgotten by future generations. ... collect resources on the history of the Swiss women’s movement, preserve the archives of women’s organisations and individual women and run a library, an extensive collection of pamphlets and a collection of biographical notes."
437:. Lutz seems to have been viewed in some quarters as a somewhat "restless and anti-bureaucratic" vice-consul, but the circumstances under which he was operating were also far from normal. He ran his department of 18 consular staff from an office in the former United States embassy building. By the time the Germans had lost trust in the Hungarian government sufficiently to
709:. Just as during her UNICEF years, as a town councillor she often found herself as the only woman on a committee comprising, otherwise, just men. Between 1972 and 1974 she was the Zollikofen councillor responsible for looking after the schools. After that she withdrew from the council due to the pressures on her time and energies from her continued duties on behalf of the
571:"mission to Poland" between July 1947 and the mission's closure in December 1950. Interviewed later, she recalled that the most important aspect of her mission in Poland was the feeding programme. There was no mass starvation, but the great majority of children were badly underweight, while the poor quality of the remaining housing caused an alarmingly high level of
641:. It turned out that roughly 100 of the 400 UNICEF Jeeps were "not in running condition". The drivers had received no training in vehicle maintenance. They had merely been given English language "manufacturers' instructions" and left to work them out. Some of the drivers had difficulty reading even
632:
eradication programme. The situation was particularly grim in the remoter regions, notably in the
Kurdish provinces to the east. UNICEF supplied vehicles, equipment and insecticide. Insecticide formulations had to be changed several times as the mosquitoes adapted and acquired new immunities. The
503:
provided an opportunity for
Gertrud and Carl Lutz to divorce, which they did in 1946. Carl Lutz married Magda Grausz and adopted her baby daughter, Agnes "Agi" Grausz. More than ten years spent looking after those displaced by war had left Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser with a formidable breadth and depth
498:
head of the foreign interests section in the
Budapest embassy was one dated 1 July 1944 in favour of Magdalena Grausz, described in some sources as his domestic servant or maid. Carl Lutz fell in love with Magdalena. In April 1945 Carl and Gertrud Lutz were able to return to Switzerland. Carl Lutz
369:
was returned to
Switzerland in the autumn of 1940. Gertrud Lutz stayed on, liaising closely with the British military authorities, and looking after the German women and children whom the British had identified as "enemy aliens" when the war broke out, and who continued to be detained in camps. She
578:
Her longest and in many ways most successful posting was to Brazil where she headed up the UNICEF mission between 1951 and 1964. It was a period of rapid change. There were serious challenges to be addressed with respect to child nutrition and health issues in the remoter parts of the interior and
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Starting in the summer of 1944 the numbers involved were scaled up, with the issuance of the so-called "collective" protection documents and passes. As the German military authorities began the grim task of herding the Jewish population of
Budapest into ghettos, approximately 30,000 people received
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in order to be closer to the other international welfare and relief agencies engaged in trying to help the civilian population affected by the war. Under her direction UNICEF looked after around a million imperilled children both during the war and during the post-war period in the early 1970s.
324:, suddenly found itself accepting requests to provide diplomatic and consular services around the world on behalf of various governments that no longer wished to pursue diplomatic interactions directly. Diplomatic relations between Britain and Germany were broken off. At the Swiss consulate in
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which was the mother tongue with which she had grown up. In 1964 she agreed her transfer to Turkey only with reluctance, fearing the disruptive impact on UNICEF work in Brazil of a change in the organisation's management there. As matters turned out she was nevertheless received with great
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she served between 1966 and 1971, as UNICEF Vice-president and director for Europe and North Africa, reluctantly reconciling herself to a more office-based style of working as she chain-smoked her way through endless meetings at which, frequently, she was the only woman present.
386:
1932:
This is an index of (and quick link to) an extensive
Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser archive. By providing a detailed index of where she was and with whom she was corresponding from where, the index provides a useful timeline against which to check the dates appearing in other
1756:
Zwei
Ausstellungen sind zurzeit in der öffentlichen Bibliothek der Universität Basel zu sehen. Zum einen die Fotoausstellung «Visa retten Leben - Carl Lutz und die Rettung von 62 000 Budapester Juden», die seit 1998 - unterstützt von Pro
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297:. Here Carl Lutz took up an appointment as a Swiss consular official: Gertrud worked alongside him, supplying (unpaid) clerical support. At some point between 1937 and 1939 (sources differ) they were relocated to nearby
1845:
Ob in Palästina, Budapest, Finnland oder
Brasilien: Die Konsulsgattin Gertrud Lutz setzte sich unermĂĽdlich fĂĽr die Benachteiligten ein. Eine Ausstellung am Historischen Institut der Uni Bern dokumentiert das Leben der
759:(and therefore, by some calculations, of his first wife) as a result of his marriage to Magdalena Grausz, his second wife. By the time Gerd Lutz died in 1995 it is apparent that the two women were in regular contact.
550:
and became, according to at least one source, a pictorial icon of
Switzerland's post-war aid programme She then, in May 1947, moved on to Poland where in the first instance she served as "Don Suisse" representative.
666:
After retiring, formally in June 1971, Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser retained close links with the UNICEF European and North African headquarters in Paris. She continued to appear at international congresses, representing
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north-east of the country. The high levels of currency depreciation and inflation presented challenges in respect of budgeting. Getting round the country became less of an issue after the capital was relocated to
546:). She was transferred to Finland during 1947. A picture of Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser with a Finnish child in her arms appeared during the first part of 1947 as the cover/title page of the weekly news magazine
1922:
690:), which was the little town in which she now settled in her parents' family home. Due in part to the centrality of referendums in the country's constitutional arrangements, political emancipation for women
1813:
70 Jahre Kriegsende: Am 8. Mai 1945 herrschte in Zürich der Ausnahmezustand. Die Zeitungen verkündeten das Ende des Kriegs in Europa. Wir zeigen Zürcher Impressionen vom Friedenstag, der die Welt veränderte
189:, serving in successively more senior capacities between the organisation's foundation and 1966. She then served between 1966 and 1971, as UNICEF vice-president and director for Europe and North Africa.
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of experience in the organisation, provision and administration of welfare assistance to children traumatised and orphaned by the slaughter and deeper atrocities of war. There was much to be done.
1473:"Der diesjährige Schweizer Vorsitz der International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) endet mit der Würdigung des grossen Schweizers Carl Lutz. Die Ehrerweisung für den Diplomaten kommt spät"
605:
Gertrud Lutz was asked how she reacted to her enforced "return to Europe" in 1968, when she took over at the UNICEF Paris office as "Vice-president and director for Europe and North Africa":
755:
Many of the papers that make up the literary estate of Gertrud Lutz wwre supplied after her death by Agnes Hirschi (formerly Agnes "Agi" Grausz, the little girl who became step daughter of
1673:"Swiss Schutzbrief [protective letter] issued to Maria Magdalena Grausz, an Hungarian Jewish woman, by the Swiss legation in Budapest and signed by Vice Consul Charles (Carl) Lutz"
887:
Elles se sont battues pour porter haut les idéaux de liberté, d’autonomie, d’égalité et de créativité: les pionnières de la Suisse moderne. Aujourd’hui: Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser (1911-1995)
418:. It was a prestigious posting but also an inherently complicated one. At various stages he represented the interests of up to fourteen foreign states which found themselves at war with
161:
358:
Carl and Gertrud Lutz built up experience and established contacts internationally that would prove invaluable through the challenges ahead, notably during their posting in
285:
Following a last minute change of plan on the part of the Swiss authorities their honeymoon was cancelled. Instead, at the end of January 1935 the couple travelled to
1957:
1257:
Charles Heimberg (author-compiler); Valérie Opériol (author-compiler); Alexia Panagiotounakos (author-compiler); Maria de Sousa (author-compiler) (27 January 2012).
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71:
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100:
694:, and in 1972 Lutz-Fankhauser became Zollikofen's first female town councillor. She was indeed the first female politician to secure election anywhere in the
670:, and also built herself a broadly based career as a public speaker, the twin focus of her lectures being on the women's movement and on the peace movement.
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85:
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441:, early in 1944, Lutz had used his vice-consular office in Budapest to issue approximately 5,000 exit visas to Jewish refugees desperate to emigrate to
119:
95:
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she was also amused to find that some of the more nasal sounds used in Brazilian Portuguese were unexpectedly similar to vowel sounds familiar from the
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was relatively brief. To her initial astonishment, a priority defining much of her work there involved a large and very necessary UNICEF
563:
During 1947 or 1948 Lutz-Fankhauser came across Al Davidson, director of UNICEF's European office. It was he who offered her a job with
47:
1258:
691:
115:
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cordiality by colleagues at the UNICEF office in Turkey (where she was the only non-Turkish national on the organisation's payroll).
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538:, where she organised the distribution of "badly needed clothing and shoes to the populations of war-devastated villages throughout
479:, more than brought home to me that during wars, as in natural catastrophes, children and mothers are always those suffering most."
2013:
1897:
1472:
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196:" related to an earlier stage in her life however: it was a recognition of the couple's role in rescuing an estimated 62,000
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293:, which since 1922 had been administered, at least for most practical purposes, as a relatively fractious territory of the
2018:
Der Schweizer Carl Lutz hatte im Zweiten Weltkrieg in Budapest 50'000 Juden gerettet. Zuerst wurde er gerĂĽgt, jetzt geehrt
499:"received an official reprimand for his actions in Budapest". At the official level, recognition came only much later.
316:
in September 1939, diplomatic relations between belligerent states were wound down or broken off. Switzerland, with a
1323:
Der erfinderische Konsul Lutz: Die Rolle des schweizerischen Diplomaten Carl Lutz bei der Rettung der ungarischen Jude
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from where, as the wife of an increasingly senior Swiss consular official, Gertrud Lutz experienced at close hand the
193:
22:
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for a "television event" in which she had been scheduled to participate, and died almost at once on 29 June 1995 at
273:. Gertrud Fankhauser and Carl Lutz returned together to Switzerland, and in January 1935 married at the fashionable
32:
591:. However, mastering the language was not too easy, given the Latin origins that in many respects also surface in
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274:
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Journée de la Mémoire de l’Holocauste et de la préventiondes crimes contre l’Humanité .... Dossier documentaire
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operations came to an end in 1948. Some of the activities were taken on by other international organisations.
254:
1986:
1614:"Interview with Gertrud Lutz by Reinhard Freiberg in Gunten, Switzerland [conducted] on 24 April 1984"
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328:
Carl Lutz was placed in charge of diplomatic representation in behalf of several foreign countries including
882:
702:
583:, since this was rapidly followed by a massive road building programme, which reduced dependency on ancient
419:
406:, had promoted Carl Lutz to the rank of vice-consul. During 1941 he had been representing the interests of
682:
role just a few months after her sixtieth birthday. She now immersed herself in the municipal politics of
365:
After the transfer of the "German interest section" in Palestine of the Swiss consular department to Spain
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547:
1268:. Université de Genève (Équipe de didactique de l’histoire et de la citoyenneté / ÉDHICE). pp. 13–17
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Die schweizerische Nachkriegshilfe fĂĽr Jugoslawien .... Probleme der "Schweizer Spende" in Jugoslawien
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2014:"Agnes Hirschi: Stieftochter des Juden-Retters Carl Lutz ... Die drei Leben der Agnes Hirschi-Grausz"
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Be aware that sources differ over the precise dates of her time heading up the UNICEF Poland mission.
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414:. In January 1942 he was appointed to head up the foreign interests section at the Swiss embassy in
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in search of adventure. Between 1931 and 1934 she undertook office work at the Swiss consulate in
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Humanität in Zeiten der Barbarei. Carl und Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser (1895 –1975 / 1911– 1995)
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402:, in recognition of his remarkable contribution and that of his wife during their time in
346:. Alongside an enormous increase in administrative work, and having to work with various
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587:. An initial challenge, rapidly overcome, was that Lutz-Fankhauser had never mastered
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1788:. Eidgenössisches Politisches Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten. 27 June 1946
1054:"Carl Lutz, The Amazing Swiss Diplomat Who Saved Tens of Thousands of Jews During WW2"
2038:
1236:"UB-Ausstellung an der Uni Bern: Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser - Diplomatin und Humanistin"
909:
515:" I wanted to devote all my time and strength towards helping children and mothers."
52:
42:
1259:"Carl Lutz ... Biographie ... Rôle de sa femme et de ses collègues ... Gertrud Lutz"
494:
One of the more significant of the thousands of letters of protection issued by the
827:
Therese Steffen Gerber (author); Walter Weideli & Roberto Zaugg (translation).
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434:
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Between January 1942 and the spring of 1945 Gertrud Lutz lived with her husband in
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246:
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1848:. Corporate Publishing, Universität Bern: Das Online-Magazin der Universität Bern
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Her nomination, jointly with her ex-husband, in 1964 as Switzerland's first two "
999:. Dienststelle Gymnasialbildung und Informationsdienst, Luzern. pp. 64–72.
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234:
178:
1965:
Schenkungen und erschlossene Bestände ... Schenkungen und erschlossene Bestände
910:"Zivilcourage und Menschlichkeit – eine Ausstellung über Gertrud und Carl Lutz"
1703:. Diplomatische Dokumente der Schweiz (DDS - Quaderni di donis). p. 149.
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he had "aided by his wife and helpers .... helped some 10,000 to emigrate to
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Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser suffered a heart attack while travelling by train to
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422:. These included the United States and Great Britain, along with its
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Dr. Helena Kanyar Becker (compiler-administrator) (23 October 2006).
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Gertrud Lutz temporarily relocated the centre of her operations from
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1898:"The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology"
936:"Righteous Among the Nations Honored by Yad Vashemby 1 January 2019"
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612:
Gertrud Lutz, interviewed by Reinhard Freiberg at her home in
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Gertrud Lutz, interviewed by Reinhard Freiberg at her home in
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Gertrud Lutz, interviewed by Reinhard Freiberg at her home in
1958:"Bestände zur Emigration, Flüchtlingshilfe und zum Holocaust"
705:"Schweizerische Volkspartei" / "Union démocratique du centre"
1868:"The children and the nations ... Earthquake, wind and fire"
1128:"Ausstellung von Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen fĂĽr Carl Lutz"
736:
The principal archive on her life and works is held by the
430:). At the time of their posting to Budapest, Hungary was
354:. Through their diplomatic and consular work together in
185:. For a quarter of a century she undertook work for the
1930:
Archiv zur Geschichte der schweizerischen Frauenbewegung
1917:
1915:
1675:. Eric Saul i.A. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1496:"Carl LUTZ (1964), Gertrud LUTZ, née FRANKHAUSER (1964)"
1494:
Dr Stuart D Stein (author-compiler) (11 December 1999).
1350:
Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser : Diplomatin und Humanistin
398:. While they had been apart, the Swiss Foreign Minister
1867:
1316:"Der Schweizer war plötzlich Vertreter mehrerer Länder"
1952:
1950:
1841:"Die Käserstochter, die für eine bessere Welt kämpfte"
1502:. Pratique de l’Histoire et Dévoiements Négationnistes
1500:
The "Righteous among the Nations" of Swiss nationality
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sent over as kits and assembled at a manufactory in
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Between December 1944 and February 1945, during the
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Yad Vashem - The World Holocaust Remembrance Center
253:and Bern, still aged only 18, she emigrated to the
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1047:
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1173:. Verlag Im Waldgut AG, Wald. pp. 245–246.
633:vehicles were also a problem. They were mostly
477:seven week siege during the Battle over Budapest
1544:Diplomaten: Die Schweizer Botschaft in Budapest
1348:Helena Kanyar Becker (author-compiler) (2006).
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883:"Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser: un ange entreprenant"
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530:In January 1946 Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser joined
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1967:. Archiv fĂĽr Zeitgeschichte ETHZ, ZĂĽrich. 1996
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1307:
1305:
1303:
678:Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser retired from her last
542:" (working in co-ordination with the Yugoslav
445:. According to other sources, by the time of
1752:"Leben retten in Zeiten äusserster Bedrohung"
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831:. Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse, Berne
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698:. On the council she sat as a member of the
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1900:. History-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch
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1420:Methodenauswahl und Forschungsdurchfuehrung
1352:. Universitätsbibliothek Basel. p. 11.
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241:), a little town in the mountains south of
390:Gertrud Lutz on the stairs of Gellért Hill
269:, a junior Swiss diplomat originally from
162:
148:
18:
783:Don suisse pour les victimes de la guerre
1759:. Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung. 30 October 2005
1423:. Rainer Hampp Verlag. pp. 60–73.
1384:"Lutz, Carl 30.3.1895-12.2.1975 Konsul"
806:
771:
249:. After attending business schools in
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21:
16:Swiss humanitarian activist (1911–1995)
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1547:. Wallstein Verlag. pp. 331–343.
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692:had arrived rather late in Switzerland
281:Diplomat's wife in (British) Palestine
475:"These tragic events , followed by a
287:Jaffa (as it was then commonly known)
7:
2060:People from Bern-Mittelland District
1809:""Ein Tor geht auf, Fesseln fallen""
1471:Isabelle Daniel (28 December 2017).
1314:Matthias Dornfeldt (February 2018).
204:posting as the Swiss vice-consul in
177:(7 March 1911 – 29 June 1995) was a
1991:Goseli Foundation Mission Statement
567:. She was employed as head of the
2055:People from the canton of Fribourg
1923:"Nachlass Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser"
1671:Carl Lutz (issuer) (1 July 1944).
1132:Pauluskirche Bern, Raum der Stille
1052:Christian Oord (9 February 2019).
462:50-day Soviet blockade of Budapest
14:
2075:Swiss Righteous Among the Nations
2065:People from Burgdorf, Switzerland
1839:Bettina Jakob (7 November 2006).
1541:Arno Lustiger (27 January 2012).
908:Thomas Gull (21 September 2007).
382:During the war years in Budapest
31:
1238:. Universitätsbibliothek, Basel
1108:. Hidden Treasure Tours Limited
881:Claudia Wirz (19 August 2014).
303:unfolding Palestinian civil war
233:Gertrud Fankhauser was born in
1993:. Gosteli-Stiftung, Worblaufen
1935:. Gosteli-Stiftung, Worblaufen
1:
2012:Peter Abelin (1 April 2018).
1807:Jan Strobel (28 April 2015).
265:). It was here that she met
1106:Hungarian Jewish travel site
534:, which involved working in
1815:. Tagblatt der Stadt ZĂĽrich
1779:"Schweizer-Spende-Spuehler"
348:National Socialist agencies
194:Righteous Among the Nations
2096:
624:Lutz-Fankhauser's time in
229:Provenance and early years
1694:Thomas BĂĽrgisser (2017).
1417:Krisztina FrankĂł (2011).
1388:Archiv fĂĽr Zeitgeschichte
829:"Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser"
424:dominions round the world
1102:"Carl Lutz in Budapest"
336:had been governed as a
318:tradition of neutrality
175:Gertrud Lutz-Fankhauser
621:
548:Schweizer Illustrierte
527:
491:
391:
378:only in October 1941.
200:from slaughter during
2070:Swiss women activists
2020:. Infosperber, ZĂĽrich
990:Patrick Kury (2015).
700:national conservative
655:Biafra War (1868-1970
389:
1475:. St.Galler Tagblatt
1329:, Berlin. p. 33
1080:MĂ©moires de Guerre..
1056:. War History Online
916:. Universität Zürich
889:. Le Temps, Lausanne
245:. Her father was a
208:, and following the
1987:"Goseli Foundation"
447:the German invasion
326:(British) Palestine
320:stretching back to
210:invasion of Hungary
1878:. pp. 273–283
1526:has generic name (
1368:has generic name (
1327:JĂĽdische Rundschau
1292:has generic name (
1162:Alexander Grossman
1142:. 12 February 2020
1082:. 22 February 2018
855:has generic name (
738:Gosteli Foundation
501:The end of the war
439:invade the country
392:
58:Seven Laws of Noah
1710:978-3-906051-41-3
1554:978-3-8353-2150-2
1430:978-3-86618-753-5
1006:978-3-271-60002-5
275:St. Paul's Church
172:
171:
25:Among the Nations
2087:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1927:
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1910:
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1894:
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1783:
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1691:
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1668:
1662:
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1652:. Women in Peace
1646:
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779:Schweizer Spende
776:
703:People's Party (
314:Second World War
164:
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48:Rescuers of Jews
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19:
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2094:
2090:
2089:
2088:
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2035:
2034:
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2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1984:
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1968:
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1956:
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1948:
1938:
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1931:
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1920:
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1896:
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676:
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597:Bernese dialect
561:
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522:, 24 April 1984
510:
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470:
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352:Nuremberg Laws
283:
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220:in March 1944.
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2004:
1978:
1946:
1911:
1889:
1872:UNICEF History
1859:
1826:
1799:
1770:
1743:
1709:
1686:
1663:
1650:"Gertrud Lutz"
1630:
1619:. 11 July 1985
1580:
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560:
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490:
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468:New beginnings
466:
400:Giuseppe Motta
383:
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332:, which since
308:Following the
295:British empire
282:
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230:
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2015:
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1992:
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585:Douglas DC-3s
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51:
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41:
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38:
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30:
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2017:
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1990:
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1964:
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1929:
1902:. Retrieved
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1871:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1846:Emmentalerin
1844:
1817:. Retrieved
1812:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1785:
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1761:. Retrieved
1755:
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1714:. Retrieved
1696:
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1677:. Retrieved
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1621:. Retrieved
1543:
1536:
1504:. Retrieved
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1477:. Retrieved
1419:
1395:. Retrieved
1387:
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1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1322:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1252:
1240:. Retrieved
1184:. Retrieved
1167:Gertrud Lutz
1166:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1131:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1105:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1079:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1010:. Retrieved
992:
954:. Retrieved
942:
930:
918:. Retrieved
913:
903:
891:. Retrieved
886:
833:. Retrieved
790:
774:
761:
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735:
715:
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677:
674:"Retirement"
652:
635:Willys Jeeps
623:
611:
604:
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573:Tuberculosis
562:
553:"Don Suisse"
532:"Don suisse"
529:
517:
493:
481:
459:
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393:
364:
344:dictatorship
307:
284:
247:cheese maker
232:
218:Nazi Germany
191:
174:
173:
2050:1995 deaths
2045:1911 births
1734:|work=
1571:|work=
1447:|work=
1204:|work=
1030:|work=
653:During the
426:(including
376:her husband
374:to re-join
235:Rechthalten
2039:Categories
1392:ETH ZĂĽrich
802:References
746:Zollikofen
742:Worblaufen
684:Zollikofen
589:Portuguese
536:Yugoslavia
508:Don Suisse
408:Yugoslavia
214:the forces
106:Lithuanian
72:By country
63:Yad Vashem
1736:ignored (
1726:cite book
1573:ignored (
1563:cite book
1449:ignored (
1439:cite book
1358:cite book
1206:ignored (
1196:cite book
1112:8 January
1032:ignored (
1022:cite book
951:Jerusalem
757:Carl Lutz
748:and near
544:Red Cross
451:Palestine
443:Palestine
432:allied to
428:Palestine
404:Palestine
372:Palestine
367:Carl Lutz
356:Palestine
291:Palestine
277:in Bern.
271:Appenzell
267:Carl Lutz
259:St. Louis
136:Ukrainian
111:Norwegian
101:Hungarian
23:Righteous
2024:12 March
1997:12 March
1971:11 March
1939:12 March
1904:11 March
1882:11 March
1852:11 March
1819:10 March
1792:10 March
1763:10 March
1757:Helvetia
1716:11 March
1679:10 March
1656:10 March
1623:10 March
1516:cite web
1479:10 March
1282:cite web
1164:(1986).
1136:Der Bund
1060:10 March
914:UZH News
845:cite web
722:Burgdorf
639:Istanbul
581:Brasilia
416:Budapest
396:Budapest
360:Budapest
310:outbreak
299:Tel Aviv
263:Missouri
251:Fribourg
239:Fribourg
206:Budapest
183:activist
126:Romanian
86:Croatian
81:Austrian
1933:sources
1506:9 March
1397:9 March
1333:9 March
1272:9 March
1242:9 March
1186:9 March
1146:8 March
1086:8 March
1012:8 March
956:8 March
920:8 March
893:8 March
835:8 March
732:Archive
643:Turkish
630:malaria
435:Germany
420:Hungary
330:Germany
312:of the
131:Serbian
1876:UNICEF
1707:
1551:
1427:
1177:
1003:
718:ZĂĽrich
711:UNICEF
680:UNICEF
668:UNICEF
663:Geneva
626:Turkey
614:Gunten
593:French
569:UNICEF
565:UNICEF
559:UNICEF
540:Bosnia
520:Gunten
484:Gunten
412:Berlin
187:UNICEF
116:Polish
96:German
1961:(PDF)
1926:(PDF)
1782:(PDF)
1701:(PDF)
1617:(PDF)
1319:(PDF)
1262:(PDF)
1171:(PDF)
997:(PDF)
943:No.46
939:(PDF)
766:Notes
659:Paris
647:Paris
496:Swiss
370:left
341:party
179:Swiss
91:Czech
2026:2020
1999:2020
1973:2020
1941:2020
1906:2020
1884:2020
1854:2020
1821:2020
1794:2020
1765:2020
1738:help
1718:2020
1705:ISBN
1681:2020
1658:2020
1625:2020
1575:help
1549:ISBN
1528:help
1508:2020
1481:2020
1451:help
1425:ISBN
1399:2020
1370:help
1335:2020
1294:help
1274:2020
1244:2020
1208:help
1188:2020
1175:ISBN
1148:2020
1140:Bern
1114:2020
1088:2020
1062:2020
1034:help
1014:2020
1001:ISBN
958:2020
922:2020
895:2020
857:help
837:2020
750:Bern
726:Bern
688:Bern
338:one-
334:1933
322:1815
243:Bern
224:Life
198:Jews
120:list
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289:in
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