Knowledge (XXG)

Gilaki language

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500: 2040: 72: 2935: 2614:شماره کتابشناسی ملی:۲۸۷۹۶۷۷/طرح بررسی و سنجش شاخص‌های فرهنگ عمومی کشور (شاخص‌های غیرثبتی){گزارش}:استان گیلان/به سفارش شورای فرهنگ عمومی کشور؛ مدیر طرح و مسئول سیاست گذاری:منصور واعظی؛ اجرا:شرکت پژوهشگران خبره پارس -شابک:۱-۶۰-۶۶۲۷-۶۰۰-۹۷۸ *وضعیت نشر:تهران-موسسه انتشارات کتاب نشر ۱۳۹۱ *وضعیت ظاهری:۲۸۵ ص:جدول (بخش رنگی)، نمودار (بخش رنگی) 2628:طرح بررسی و سنجش شاخص‌های فرهنگ عمومی کشور (شاخص‌های غیرثبتی){گزارش}:استان قزوین/به سفارش شورای فرهنگ عمومی کشور؛ مدیر طرح و مسئول سیاست گذاری:منصور واعظی؛ اجرا:شرکت پژوهشگران خبره پارس -شابک:۳-۵۳-۶۶۲۷-۶۰۰-۹۷۸ *وضعیت نشر:تهران-موسسه انتشارات کتاب نشر ۱۳۹۱ *وضعیت ظاهری:۲۶۸ ص:جدول (بخش رنگی)، نمودار (بخش رنگی) 523:
provinces. Gilaki is spoken in different regions with different dialects and accents. The number of Gilaki speakers is estimated at 3 to 4 million. Ethnologue reports that the use of Gilaki is decreasing as the speaker population is decreasing.
1663:. The accusative form is often used to express the simple indirect object in addition to the direct object. A noun in the genitive comes before the word it modifies. These "cases" are in origin actually just particles, similar to Persian 2641: 422:
have slight variations to the way they speak. These "sub-dialects" are Rashti, Rudbari, Some’e Sarai, Lahijani, Langerudi, Rudesari, Bandar Anzali, Fumani, Alamouti and Taleghani.
1170:(depending on the vowel in the stem) added to the indicative forms. Final /e/ neutralizes to /ə/ in the 3rd singular and the plural invariably lacks final /i/. 3197: 2923: 2361: 2778: 275: 2882: 3802: 2856: 2525: 2088: 359:
have similar vocabularies. The Gilaki and Mazandarani languages (but not other Iranian languages) share certain typological features with
2735: 2489: 2061: 2901: 3190: 2916: 287: 532:
Gilaki has the same consonants as Persian, but different vowels. Here is a table of correspondences for the Western Gilaki of
340: 168: 499: 488: 484: 2217:
The Tati language group in the sociolinguistic context of Northwestern Iran and Transcaucasia By D.Stilo, pages 137-185
3164: 2388:خائفی، عباس (۱۳۹۵). "بررسي ماضي نقلي در گويش هاي حاشيه درياي خزر". گردهمايي انجمن ترويج زبان و ادب فارسي ايران. ۱۱: ۲۰ 2362:
Stilo, Don "A Description of the Northwest Iranian Project at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology"
3812: 3807: 3183: 2909: 3633: 3470: 3245: 429:. The intermediate dialects of the area between Tonokābon and Kalārdašt serve as a transition between Gilaki and 163: 2851:. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Vol. 19. Translated by Lockwood, Ronald M. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet. 2479: 2460: 2254: 297: 259: 2787: 437:, and so these dialects should probably be considered a third separate language group of the Caspian area. In 265: 2549:"Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Wiesbaden, Reichert Verlag, 2000, IX + 106 p., 1 carte" 3698: 2872: 372: 148: 2588: 3220: 2039: 1031: 1009: 1005: 989: 982: 977: 965: 960: 955: 950: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 906: 901: 896: 891: 881: 874: 869: 864: 859: 817: 810: 800: 795: 790: 780: 773: 743: 738: 733: 726: 721: 717: 712: 705: 700: 696: 692: 687: 680: 675: 667: 660: 655: 650: 643: 638: 633: 626: 621: 617: 612: 605: 600: 595: 588: 583: 579: 575: 570: 563: 558: 553: 213: 153: 3779: 3159: 3561: 2777:
Christensen, Arthur Emanuel (1930). "Dialect Guiläkī de Recht" [The Gilaki dialect of Rasht].
3616: 3556: 3350: 3090: 3085: 3044: 3024: 2972: 2786:. Kgl. danske videnskabernes selskab. Historisk-filologiske meddelelser. Vol. 17. Archived from 2165: 450: 434: 433:. The differences in forms and vocabulary lead to a low mutual intelligibility with either Gilaki or 430: 426: 364: 356: 352: 3772: 3314: 3267: 2873:
Scientific Information Database of the Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research
2075: 512: 438: 412: 360: 3687: 3664: 3654: 3401: 3287: 2191: 442: 380: 2311: 2845:
Rastorgueva, V. S.; Kerimova, A. A.; Mamedzade, A. K.; Pireiko, L. A.; Edel’man, D. I. (2012).
2446: 2227: 274: 3679: 3659: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3583: 3485: 3454: 3412: 3343: 3292: 3262: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3206: 3100: 3080: 2939: 2852: 2846: 2731: 2570: 2521: 2485: 2237: 2183: 2084: 2057: 336: 332: 173: 158: 3708: 3693: 3669: 3604: 3544: 3539: 3524: 3518: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3448: 3356: 3297: 3282: 3143: 3138: 3130: 3110: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3034: 2997: 2982: 2956: 2723: 2560: 2513: 2233: 2173: 1988: 3649: 3621: 3611: 3569: 3512: 3376: 3371: 3319: 3254: 3120: 3105: 3095: 3039: 3009: 2977: 520: 516: 468: 140: 38: 2169: 3768: 3726: 3713: 3428: 3417: 3366: 3309: 3303: 3277: 3272: 3115: 508: 457: 408: 400: 396: 392: 208: 203: 86: 2282: 251: 3796: 3674: 3628: 3549: 3439: 3422: 3014: 3002: 1362:). The accent can fall on the last syllable of the participle or on the stem itself: 376: 120: 2154:"Concomitant Replacement of Language and mtDNA in South Caspian Populations of Iran" 2896: 2565: 2548: 2195: 461: 31: 1457:
This form is often found in the protasis and apodosis of unreal conditions, e.g.,
71: 3719: 2505: 2373: 2135: 2104: 404: 344: 109: 2517: 2428: 2152:
Nasidze, I; Quinque, D; Rahmani, M; Alemohamad, SA; Stoneking, M (April 2006).
17: 3394: 2892: 2888: 2178: 2153: 2032: 1834:
The 3rd person (demonstrative) pronouns are regular: /un/, /u.ˈʃan/, /i.ˈʃan/
90: 2877: 2832:[The Present Perfect Tense in the Dialects of Mazandaran and Gilan]. 2574: 3576: 2054:
Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages
446: 244: 228: 2751: 2717: 2187: 1213:
of both the indicative and the subjunctive is formed in the same way, with
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to do the work of many particles and prepositions in English and Persian.
235: 3529: 2987: 2883:
Dictionary of Gilaki (Dialect of Lahijan) and some of its characteristics
2402: 1655:(or, better, unmarked, as it can serve other grammatical functions), the 368: 367:), reflecting the history, ethnic identity, and close relatedness to the 305: 293: 1571:
in Gilaki, whose forms differ slightly from simple verbs. Most notably,
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Held, Colbert C.; Cummings, John Thomas; Cotter, John V. (4 May 2018).
301: 2229:تاریخ بدخشان / تالیف میرزاسنگ محمدبدخشی ؛ باتصحیح و تحشیه منوچهر ستوده 1921:
The personal pronouns have special forms with "-re": mere, tere, etc.
3534: 3388: 3361: 3029: 2992: 472: 348: 98: 94: 3175: 2826: 2352:«محمود رنجبر» و «رقیه رادمرد»؛ «بررسی وتوصیف گویش گالشی»؛ نشر گیلکان 2083:. Translated by Lockwood, Ronald M. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. 2691: 1242:. To this are added unaccented personal endings and the unaccented 503:
Map depicting areas where the various dialects of Gilaki are spoken
1979:
Examples for possessive constructions of nouns in Western Gilaki:
1050:
The verb system of Gilaki is very similar to that of Persian. All
536:, which will be the variety used in the remainder of the article: 533: 498: 487:, although in sentences employing certain tenses the order may be 483:
Gilaki, is an inflected and genderless language. It is considered
419: 3703: 2942: 2934: 2589:"IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 2208:
Academic American Encyclopedia By Grolier Incorporated, page 294
82: 3179: 2905: 2481:
Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects
37:"Gilak language" redirects here. Not to be confused with  1469:
There are two very common paraphrastic constructions for the
1062:, where V: is a long vowel (from contraction of an original 2447:"روزنامه ولایت قزوین - استان قزوین؛ گنجینه زبان‌های ایرانی" 304:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2340:محمود رنجبر، رقیه رادمرد (۱۳۸۲)، بررسی و توصیف گویش گالشی 1461:"If I were to see/saw/had seen Akbar, I would be happy". 471:, Gilaki is spoken in northern parts of the province, in 403:. The western and eastern dialects are separated by the 1110:
is formed by adding the personal endings to this stem:
2827:"Māzi-ye Naqli dar Guyeshhā-ye Gilaki va Mazandarāni" 751:
There are nine vowel phonemes in the Gilaki language:
425:
Progressing to the east, Gilaki gradually blends into
407:, while Galeshi is spoken in the mountains of eastern 30:"Giliki" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see 2319: 1945:
Example for adjectival modification: Western Gilaki:
1737:
The 1st and 2nd person pronouns have special forms:
507:
Gilaki is the language of the majority of people in
3742: 3642: 3478: 3469: 3328: 3253: 3244: 3213: 3152: 3129: 3073: 2965: 2949: 2147: 2145: 1933:come before the noun they modify, and may have the 1651:There are essentially three "cases" in Gilaki, the 418:There are three main dialects but larger cities in 258: 242: 226: 221: 197: 137: 127: 115: 104: 78: 48: 2818:Grammatical Characteristics and Glossary of Gilaki 2805:A Grammatical Study of the Gilaki dialect of Rasht 1589:, coming between the prefix and the stem. So from 2814:Vižegihā-ye Dasturi va Farhang-e vāžehā-ye Gilaki 2136:"OLAC resources in and about the Gilaki language" 279:Areas where Gilaki is spoken as the mother tongue 2312:"دانشنامه جهان اسلام بنیاد دائرة المعارف اسلامی" 2232:. Afghanistan Centre at Kabul University. 1988. 1941:. They do not agree with the nouns they modify. 27:Iranian language spoken in Gilan Province, Iran 2506:"The Stateless Nations and the European Union" 2316:دانشنامه جهان اسلام بنیاد دائرة المعارف اسلامی 1406:A curious innovation of Western Gilaki is the 1070:is usually related to the infinitive, and the 3191: 2917: 2348: 2346: 511:and also a native and well-known language in 391:The language is divided into three dialects: 8: 2801:Barresi-ye dastur-e guyesh-e Gilaki-ye Rasht 2105:"GILAN x. LANGUAGES – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 1459:mən agə Əkbəra bidé bim, xušhal bubosti bim, 1298:is formed with what was originally a suffix 326: 318: 60: 54: 453:, it is still considered a Gilaki dialect. 3475: 3250: 3198: 3184: 3176: 2924: 2910: 2902: 2780:Contributions à la dialectologie iranienne 2478:Johanson, Lars; Bulut, Christiane (2006). 1615:. The same applies to the negative of the 273: 45: 2564: 2238:10.29171/azu_acku_ds375_bay43_meem38_1367 2177: 1575:is never prefixed onto the stem, and the 1342:is paraphrastically formed with the verb 2807:] (Dissertation). Tehran University. 2116: 2114: 1852: 1786: 1739: 1729:, especially before some postpositions. 1677: 1525: 1484: 1420: 1410:, which is formed with the (artificial) 1364: 1304: 1252: 1172: 1112: 964: 934: 827: 753: 538: 449:. Although the dialect is influenced by 2017: 460:is spoken throughout the valley of the 298:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 2829:ماضی نقلی در گویش های مازندران و گیلان 2305: 2303: 2277: 2275: 2249: 2247: 2056:. Columbia University Press. p. 226. 2023: 2021: 1675:For the word "per", father, we have: 196: 7: 1238:, "to eat", we get the perfect stem 319: 55: 1350:, which is in turn formed with the 3778:Languages between parentheses are 2374:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 2283:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 441:, Gilaki is spoken in the city of 355:. The two languages of Gilaki and 25: 3752:(unknown further classification) 2933: 2255:"ALAMŪT – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 2038: 1999:in Persian). In Eastern Gilaki: 1635:Gilaki employs a combination of 1354:(which can assimilate to become 1094:, "to see", we get present stem 70: 1074:is just the infinitive without 351:. Gilaki is closely related to 3803:Northwestern Iranian languages 3782:of the language on their left. 2820:]. Rasht: Nashr-e Gilakan. 2795:(translated into Persian 1995) 2566:10.4000/abstractairanica.35151 1953:(red flower). Eastern Gilaki: 1631:Nouns, cases and postpositions 1082:(in the case of vowel stems). 1: 2547:Huyse, Philip (15 May 2002). 1471:present and past progressives 89:and parts of the province of 2887:Open access recordings of a 2812:Sartippur, Jahangir (1990). 2512:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, 2484:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 2318:(in Persian). Archived from 1883:from, than (in comparisons) 1607:, and the negative of both, 1030: 1004: 988: 981: 976: 959: 954: 949: 939: 929: 924: 919: 905: 900: 895: 890: 880: 873: 868: 863: 858: 850: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 805: 785: 768: 327: 61: 3165:Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language 2074:Rastorgueva, V. S. (2012). 1725:The genitive can change to 3829: 2878:Sample recording in Gilaki 2518:10.1057/9781137008206.0011 1158:is formed with the prefix 36: 29: 3759: 2799:Purriyahi, Masud (1971). 2179:10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.021 284: 272: 69: 53: 2828: 1974:Possessive constructions 133:1.45 million (2021) 108:Southwest coast of the 2895:are available through 1473:. From the infinitive 504: 458:eastern Gilaki dialect 286:This article contains 3160:Persian Sign Language 2825:Shokri, Giti (1998). 2728:10.4324/9780429493454 2465:Encyclopaedia Iranica 2433:Encyclopaedia Iranica 2052:Dalb, Andrew (1998). 1846:can be combined many 1659:, and the (definite) 917:voiceless fricatives 502: 343:, spoken in south of 3773:historical languages 2834:Nāme-ye Farhangestān 2719:Middle East Patterns 1983:(Mæhin's children) ( 1246:prefix (or accented 1221:of the subjunctive. 1090:From the infinitive 825:The consonants are: 671:(perhaps allophonic) 365:Kartvelian languages 169:Northwestern Iranian 2848:The Gilaki Language 2322:on 12 November 2019 2170:2006CBio...16..668N 2077:The Gilaki Language 1602:present subjunctive 1593:, "to get", we get 1481:Present progressive 1477:, "to go", we get: 1346:, "to be", and the 1250:for the negative): 1156:present subjunctive 1150:Present subjunctive 830: 361:Caucasian languages 341:Northwestern branch 3074:Minority languages 2966:Regional languages 2793:on 9 January 2024. 2646:www.chalouscity.ir 1995:(garden flowers) ( 1637:quasi-case endings 1595:present indicative 1108:present indicative 1102:Present indicative 947:voiced fricatives 829:Gilaki Consonants 828: 505: 381:Mazandarani people 3813:Caspian languages 3808:Languages of Iran 3790: 3789: 3738: 3737: 3465: 3464: 3207:Iranian languages 3173: 3172: 3131:Working languages 2950:Official language 2858:978-91-554-8419-4 2593:iranicaonline.org 2553:Abstracta Iranica 2527:978-1-137-00820-6 2510:Stateless Nations 2287:iranicaonline.org 2259:iranicaonline.org 2090:978-91-554-8419-4 2036:(27th ed., 2024) 1919: 1918: 1832: 1831: 1785: 1784: 1723: 1722: 1560: 1559: 1519: 1518: 1455: 1454: 1399: 1398: 1331: 1330: 1287: 1286: 1207: 1206: 1147: 1146: 1043: 1042: 823: 822: 749: 748: 672: 548:Example (Gilaki) 456:Furthermore, the 373:Caucasian peoples 335:belonging to the 312: 311: 294:rendering support 290:phonetic symbols. 16:(Redirected from 3820: 3634:Zoroastrian Dari 3476: 3251: 3200: 3193: 3186: 3177: 3065:Khorasani Turkic 2938: 2937: 2926: 2919: 2912: 2903: 2862: 2841: 2821: 2808: 2794: 2792: 2785: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2696:www.statoids.com 2692:"Iran Provinces" 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2568: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2370: 2364: 2359: 2353: 2350: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2307: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2279: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2251: 2242: 2241: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2181: 2149: 2140: 2139: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2118: 2109: 2108: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2082: 2071: 2065: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2025: 1985:Bæče-ha-ye Mæhin 1949:(big children), 1853: 1787: 1740: 1678: 1582:can act like an 1526: 1522:Past progressive 1485: 1421: 1416:+past participle 1408:past subjunctive 1402:Past subjunctive 1365: 1305: 1253: 1173: 1113: 1033: 1011: 1007: 991: 984: 979: 967: 962: 957: 952: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 908: 903: 898: 893: 883: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856:voiceless stops 831: 819: 812: 802: 797: 792: 782: 775: 754: 745: 740: 735: 728: 723: 719: 714: 707: 702: 698: 694: 689: 682: 677: 670: 669: 662: 657: 652: 645: 640: 635: 628: 623: 619: 614: 607: 602: 597: 590: 585: 581: 577: 572: 565: 560: 555: 539: 337:Caspian subgroup 333:Iranian language 330: 325: 322: 321: 277: 268: 254: 238: 231: 143: 74: 64: 58: 57: 46: 21: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3818: 3817: 3793: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3785: 3755: 3734: 3638: 3461: 3324: 3240: 3209: 3204: 3174: 3169: 3148: 3125: 3069: 2961: 2945: 2932: 2930: 2893:basic word list 2869: 2859: 2844: 2830: 2824: 2811: 2798: 2790: 2783: 2776: 2773: 2771:Further reading 2768: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2650: 2648: 2642:"شهرداری چالوس" 2640: 2639: 2635: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2597: 2595: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2546: 2545: 2541: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2492: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2410: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2325: 2323: 2310:ریاحی /, وحید. 2309: 2308: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2281: 2280: 2273: 2263: 2261: 2253: 2252: 2245: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2151: 2150: 2143: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2120: 2119: 2112: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2091: 2080: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2051: 2047: 2037: 2026: 2019: 2014: 1976: 1927: 1840: 1735: 1673: 1649: 1633: 1577:negative prefix 1567:There are many 1565: 1524: 1483: 1467: 1404: 1348:past participle 1336: 1292: 1232: 1227: 1217:instead of the 1152: 1104: 1088: 1048: 530: 497: 481: 469:Qazvin province 401:Galeshi/Deylami 389: 323: 292:Without proper 280: 264: 250: 234: 227: 193: 164:Western Iranian 144: 141:Language family 139: 130: 129:Native speakers 42: 39:Gilyak language 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Gileki language 15: 12: 11: 5: 3826: 3824: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3795: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3784: 3783: 3776: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3727:Middle Persian 3723: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3691: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3614: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3587: 3580: 3573: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3493: 3488: 3482: 3480: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3425: 3420: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3359: 3354: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3259: 3257: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3231:Middle Iranian 3228: 3223: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3180: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3153:Sign languages 3150: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3135: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3116:Zargari Romani 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2980: 2975: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2959: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2931: 2929: 2928: 2921: 2914: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2868: 2867:External links 2865: 2864: 2863: 2857: 2842: 2822: 2809: 2796: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2743: 2736: 2708: 2683: 2658: 2633: 2619: 2605: 2580: 2539: 2526: 2497: 2490: 2470: 2452: 2438: 2420: 2393: 2379: 2365: 2354: 2342: 2333: 2299: 2271: 2243: 2219: 2210: 2201: 2141: 2127: 2110: 2096: 2089: 2066: 2045: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2008: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1965:(dull knife) ( 1957:(cold water) ( 1947:pilla-yi zakan 1937:"case ending" 1926: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1839: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1734: 1731: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1672: 1669: 1648: 1645: 1632: 1629: 1569:compound verbs 1564: 1563:Compound verbs 1561: 1558: 1557: 1556:šón də/di bid 1554: 1550: 1549: 1548:šón də/di bid 1546: 1542: 1541: 1540:šón də/di bim 1538: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1482: 1479: 1466: 1463: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1352:perfect stem+ə 1335: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1103: 1100: 1087: 1086:Present tenses 1084: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1003: 1001: 997: 996: 994: 992: 987: 985: 980: 975: 971: 970: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 944: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 914: 913: 911: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 885: 884: 879: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 853: 852: 849: 846: 843: 842:post-alveolar 840: 837: 834: 821: 820: 815: 813: 808: 804: 803: 798: 793: 788: 784: 783: 778: 776: 771: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 747: 746: 741: 736: 730: 729: 724: 715: 709: 708: 703: 690: 684: 683: 678: 673: 664: 663: 658: 653: 647: 646: 641: 636: 630: 629: 624: 615: 609: 608: 603: 598: 592: 591: 586: 573: 567: 566: 561: 556: 550: 549: 546: 543: 529: 526: 509:Gilan province 496: 493: 480: 477: 397:Eastern Gilaki 393:Western Gilaki 388: 387:Classification 385: 363:(specifically 310: 309: 296:, you may see 282: 281: 278: 270: 269: 262: 256: 255: 248: 240: 239: 232: 224: 223: 222:Language codes 219: 218: 217: 216: 214:Galeshi Gilaki 211: 209:Eastern Gilaki 206: 204:Western Gilaki 199: 195: 194: 192: 191: 190: 189: 188: 187: 186: 185: 184: 183: 182: 181: 147: 145: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 125: 124: 117: 113: 112: 106: 102: 101: 85:, province of 80: 79:Native to 76: 75: 67: 66: 51: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3825: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3781: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3699:Caucasian Tat 3697: 3696: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3221:Proto-Iranian 3219: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3196: 3194: 3189: 3187: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2936: 2927: 2922: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2908: 2907: 2904: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2850: 2849: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2789: 2782: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2739: 2737:9780429493454 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2712: 2709: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2543: 2540: 2529: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2491:9783447052764 2487: 2483: 2482: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2408: 2404: 2401:ویکی, پارسی. 2397: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2260: 2256: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2223: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2205: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2164:(7): 668–73. 2163: 2159: 2155: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2131: 2128: 2123: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2100: 2097: 2092: 2086: 2079: 2078: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2062:0-231-11568-7 2059: 2055: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2011: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1997:Gol-ha-ye Baγ 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1961:in Persian), 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1924: 1922: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1848:postpositions 1845: 1838:Postpositions 1837: 1835: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1788: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1641:postpositions 1638: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1562: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1537:šón də/du bum 1536: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1521: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1412:imperfect of 1409: 1401: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1333: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1289: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1149: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1045: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1002: 999: 998: 995: 993: 986: 973: 972: 969: 946: 945: 916: 915: 912: 910: 888:voiced stops 887: 886: 878: 855: 854: 833: 832: 826: 816: 814: 809: 806: 799: 794: 789: 786: 779: 777: 772: 769: 764: 761: 758: 756: 755: 752: 742: 737: 732: 731: 725: 716: 711: 710: 704: 691: 686: 685: 679: 674: 666: 665: 659: 654: 649: 648: 642: 637: 632: 631: 625: 616: 611: 610: 604: 599: 594: 593: 587: 574: 569: 568: 562: 557: 552: 551: 547: 544: 541: 540: 537: 535: 527: 525: 522: 518: 514: 510: 501: 494: 492: 490: 486: 478: 476: 474: 470: 465: 463: 459: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 423: 421: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 386: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 329: 316: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 289: 283: 276: 271: 267: 263: 261: 257: 253: 249: 247: 246: 241: 237: 233: 230: 225: 220: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 201: 200: 180: 177: 176: 175: 172: 171: 170: 167: 166: 165: 162: 161: 160: 157: 156: 155: 152: 151: 150: 149:Indo-European 146: 142: 136: 132: 126: 122: 118: 114: 111: 107: 103: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 81: 77: 73: 68: 63: 52: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 3764: 3725: 3718: 3686: 3582: 3575: 3568: 3517: 3507: 3495: 3447: 3438: 3427: 3407: 3400: 3393: 3349: 3342: 3335: 3302: 3019: 2940:Languages of 2897:Kaipuleohone 2847: 2840:(16): 59–69. 2837: 2833: 2817: 2813: 2804: 2800: 2788:the original 2779: 2756:. Retrieved 2754:. Ethnologue 2746: 2718: 2711: 2699:. Retrieved 2695: 2686: 2674:. Retrieved 2670: 2661: 2649:. Retrieved 2645: 2636: 2627: 2622: 2613: 2608: 2596:. Retrieved 2592: 2583: 2556: 2552: 2542: 2531:, retrieved 2509: 2500: 2480: 2473: 2464: 2455: 2441: 2432: 2423: 2411:. Retrieved 2409:(in Persian) 2406: 2403:"معنی گیلکی" 2396: 2387: 2382: 2368: 2357: 2336: 2324:. Retrieved 2320:the original 2315: 2290:. Retrieved 2286: 2262:. Retrieved 2258: 2228: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2161: 2157: 2130: 2099: 2076: 2069: 2053: 2048: 2031: 2007:in Persian). 2004: 2003:(bear cub) ( 2000: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1981:məhine zakan 1980: 1969:in Persian). 1967:čaqu-ye kond 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1920: 1850:. Examples: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1833: 1736: 1726: 1724: 1674: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1553:šón də/du bu 1545:šón də/di bi 1474: 1470: 1468: 1458: 1456: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1395:buxurdə bid 1387:buxurdə bid 1379:buxurdə bim 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1337: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1283:buxúrdid(i) 1275:buxúrdid(i) 1267:buxúrdim(i) 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1233: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1107: 1105: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1068:present stem 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1049: 824: 750: 531: 506: 482: 466: 455: 424: 417: 411:and western 390: 377:Gilak people 349:Gilak people 328:Gilɵki Zɵvon 320:گیلٚکي زٚوؤن 314: 313: 285: 260:Linguasphere 243: 178: 154:Indo-Iranian 119:4.6 million 62:Gilɵki Zɵvon 56:گیلٚکی زٚوان 43: 32:Giliki, Iran 3720:Old Persian 3557:Mazanderani 3351:Khwarezmian 3236:New Iranian 3226:Old Iranian 3025:Mazanderani 2973:Azerbaijani 2889:Gilaki song 2758:26 November 1617:past tenses 1465:Progressive 1376:buxurdə bum 1225:Past tenses 1052:infinitives 1046:Verb system 451:Mazandarani 435:Mazandarani 431:Mazandarani 427:Mazandarani 405:Sefid River 371:region and 357:Mazandarani 353:Mazandarani 345:Caspian Sea 300:instead of 110:Caspian Sea 3797:Categories 3395:Sarghulami 3315:Yazghulami 3268:Ishkashimi 3091:Circassian 2671:Ethnologue 2407:پارسی ویکی 2158:Curr. Biol 2033:Ethnologue 2005:Bæč-e Xers 2001:Xirsi Kuti 1993:Baγi gulan 1931:adjectives 1925:Adjectives 1915:on top of 1872:həmra/əmra 1661:accusative 1653:nominative 1625:fanígiftəm 1515:šón darid 1507:šón darid 1499:šón darim 1448:bidé be/bi 1392:buxurdə bu 1384:buxurdə bi 1340:pluperfect 1334:Pluperfect 1327:xúrdid(i) 1319:xúrdid(i) 1311:xúrdim(i) 513:Mazandaran 495:Dispersion 439:Mazandaran 413:Mazandaran 324:romanized: 91:Mazandaran 3780:varieties 3767:indicate 3688:Pahlavani 3680:Bakhtiari 3665:Kuhmareyi 3655:Bashkardi 3577:Old Azeri 3288:Sanglechi 2575:0240-8910 1959:ɑb-e særd 1842:With the 1621:fángiftəm 1613:fanígirəm 1609:faángirəm 1496:šón darəm 1451:bidé bid 1443:bidé bid 1435:bidé bim 1296:imperfect 1290:Imperfect 1230:Preterite 1143:diníd(i) 1135:diníd(i) 1127:diním(i) 1072:past stem 1056:-tən/-dən 839:alveolar 528:Phonology 447:Tonekabon 266:58-AAC-eb 245:Glottolog 229:ISO 639-3 116:Ethnicity 3709:Hazaragi 3660:Garmsiri 3600:Sangsari 3595:Lasgerdi 3584:Parthian 3562:Tabaroid 3530:Kurmanji 3486:Ashtiani 3455:Yaghnobi 3413:Ossetian 3402:Scythian 3377:Southern 3372:Northern 3344:Bactrian 3293:Sarikoli 3263:Bartangi 3101:Georgian 3086:Assyrian 3081:Armenian 2988:Kurmanji 2752:"Gilaki" 2701:28 March 2676:28 March 2667:"Gilaki" 2651:28 March 2598:27 March 2533:27 March 2461:"ALAMŪT" 2413:28 March 2326:28 March 2292:28 March 2264:28 March 2188:16581511 2122:"Gilaki" 1963:kul čaqu 1951:Surx gul 1935:genitive 1859:English 1844:genitive 1792:Singular 1745:Singular 1733:Pronouns 1683:Singular 1657:genitive 1591:fagiftən 1529:Singular 1512:šón darə 1504:šón dari 1488:Singular 1432:bidé bim 1424:Singular 1368:Singular 1264:buxúrdəm 1256:Singular 1211:negative 1203:bídinid 1195:bídinid 1187:bídinim 1176:Singular 1116:Singular 1058:, or in 1000:liquids 851:glottal 762:Central 369:Caucasus 331:) is an 306:Help:IPA 252:gila1241 198:Dialects 3769:extinct 3765:Italics 3750:Badeshi 3694:Persian 3670:Kumzari 3612:Taleshi 3605:Sorkhei 3590:Semnani 3545:Kordali 3525:Kurdish 3519:Gorgani 3497:Daylami 3491:Balochi 3471:Western 3449:Sogdian 3408:Alanian 3382:Wanetsi 3367:Central 3357:Parachi 3337:Avestan 3298:Shughni 3283:Roshani 3246:Eastern 3214:History 3144:Russian 3139:English 3111:Jadgali 3060:Semnani 3055:Turkmen 3050:Qashqai 3035:Balochi 2983:Kurdish 2957:Persian 2429:"ČĀLŪS" 2196:7883334 2166:Bibcode 1989:Persian 1955:Sərd ow 1929:Gilaki 1817:šumána 1795:Plural 1748:Plural 1719:peránə 1708:perána 1686:Plural 1605:fágirəm 1598:fagirəm 1532:Plural 1491:Plural 1440:bidé bi 1427:Plural 1371:Plural 1280:buxúrdə 1272:buxúrdi 1259:Plural 1184:bídinəm 1179:Plural 1119:Plural 1066:). The 1054:end in 1024:glides 974:nasals 848:uvular 836:labial 545:Persian 479:Grammar 464:river. 375:of the 339:of the 302:Unicode 174:Caspian 159:Iranian 3743:Others 3650:Achomi 3622:Tatoid 3570:Median 3540:Xwarin 3535:Sorani 3513:Gorani 3508:Gilaki 3429:Jassic 3389:Ormuri 3362:Pashto 3329:Others 3320:Yidgha 3121:Khalaj 3106:Hebrew 3096:Domari 3040:Talysh 3030:Arabic 3020:Gilaki 3010:Gorani 2998:Xwarin 2993:Sorani 2978:Achomi 2855:  2734:  2573:  2524:  2488:  2194:  2186:  2087:  2060:  2028:Gilaki 1907:under 1899:above 1856:Gilaki 1806:šumán 1770:amána 1697:perán 1600:, but 1308:xúrdim 1236:xurdən 1200:bídinə 1192:bídini 1064:*-Vdən 845:velar 770:Close 759:Front 564:ki.tab 542:Gilaki 521:Alborz 517:Qazvin 473:Alamut 462:Chalus 443:Ramsar 315:Gilaki 179:Gilaki 123:(2021) 121:Gilaks 105:Region 99:Alborz 95:Qazvin 49:Gilaki 3714:Tajik 3643:South 3479:North 3418:Digor 3310:Wakhi 3304:Vanji 3278:Munji 3273:Khufi 3255:Pamir 2816:[ 2803:[ 2791:(PDF) 2784:(PDF) 2192:S2CID 2081:(PDF) 2012:Notes 1939:-ə/-i 1875:with 1828:šimí 1759:amán 1671:Nouns 1647:Cases 1584:infix 1324:xúrdi 1316:xúrdi 1234:From 1166:, or 1124:dinəm 807:Open 765:Back 706:d͡ʒoɾ 681:lɒ.nə 534:Rasht 420:Gilan 409:Gilan 97:also 87:Gilan 3704:Dari 3675:Luri 3629:Zaza 3617:Tati 3550:Laki 3503:Fars 3440:Saka 3423:Iron 3045:Tati 3015:Luri 3003:Laki 2943:Iran 2891:and 2853:ISBN 2760:2023 2732:ISBN 2703:2021 2678:2021 2653:2021 2600:2021 2571:ISSN 2535:2021 2522:ISBN 2486:ISBN 2415:2021 2328:2021 2294:2021 2266:2021 2184:PMID 2085:ISBN 2058:ISBN 1888:mian 1867:for 1814:təra 1781:amí 1767:məra 1716:perə 1705:pera 1639:and 1338:The 1294:The 1240:xurd 1209:The 1154:The 1140:diné 1132:diní 1106:The 1096:din- 1060:-V:n 787:Mid 606:iɛrɛ 596:ɛ(œ) 571:e(ː) 519:and 445:and 399:and 379:and 93:and 83:Iran 3771:or 2724:doi 2561:doi 2514:doi 2234:doi 2174:doi 2030:at 1991:), 1987:in 1904:ĵir 1896:ĵor 1891:in 1822:Gen 1811:Acc 1800:Nom 1775:Gen 1764:Acc 1756:mən 1753:Nom 1713:Gen 1702:Acc 1694:per 1691:Nom 1623:or 1611:or 1587:-n- 1580:nV- 1573:bV- 1475:šon 1414:bon 1358:or 1344:bon 1168:bə- 1164:bú- 1160:bí- 1092:dín 1078:or 1076:-ən 1010:ɾ~r 966:ɣ~ʁ 936:x~χ 902:d͡ʒ 870:t͡ʃ 781:uuː 774:iiː 744:tüm 727:ɡul 661:zäy 644:lag 627:mən 589:seb 489:SOV 485:SVO 467:In 347:by 288:IPA 236:glk 3799:: 2836:. 2730:. 2722:. 2694:. 2669:. 2644:. 2591:. 2569:. 2559:. 2557:23 2555:. 2551:. 2520:, 2508:, 2463:. 2431:. 2405:. 2345:^ 2314:. 2302:^ 2285:. 2274:^ 2257:. 2246:^ 2190:. 2182:. 2172:. 2162:16 2160:. 2156:. 2144:^ 2113:^ 2020:^ 1912:ru 1880:ĵa 1864:re 1825:ti 1803:tu 1778:mi 1727:-i 1667:. 1665:ra 1627:. 1619:: 1418:: 1302:: 1300:-i 1248:n- 1244:b- 1219:b- 1215:n- 1162:, 1098:. 1080:-n 1008:, 722:uː 697:oː 695:, 693:uː 676:aː 639:aː 620:, 584:ei 580:eː 578:, 576:iː 515:, 491:. 475:. 415:. 395:, 383:. 3775:. 3199:e 3192:t 3185:v 2925:e 2918:t 2911:v 2861:. 2838:4 2762:. 2740:. 2726:: 2705:. 2680:. 2655:. 2630:. 2616:. 2602:. 2577:. 2563:: 2516:: 2494:. 2467:. 2449:. 2435:. 2417:. 2390:. 2376:. 2330:. 2296:. 2268:. 2240:. 2236:: 2198:. 2176:: 2168:: 2138:. 2124:. 2107:. 2093:. 2064:. 1360:u 1356:i 1032:j 1006:l 990:ŋ 983:n 978:m 961:ʒ 956:z 951:v 941:h 931:ʃ 926:s 921:f 907:ɡ 897:d 892:b 882:ʔ 875:k 865:t 860:p 818:ɒ 811:a 801:o 796:ə 791:e 739:u 734:ü 720:/ 718:o 713:u 701:ɔ 699:/ 688:o 668:ɒ 656:æ 651:ä 634:a 622:e 618:æ 613:ə 601:e 582:/ 559:e 554:i 317:( 308:. 65:) 59:( 41:. 34:. 20:)

Index

Gileki language
Giliki, Iran
Gilyak language

Iran
Gilan
Mazandaran
Qazvin
Alborz
Caspian Sea
Gilaks
Language family
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian
Iranian
Western Iranian
Northwestern Iranian
Caspian
Western Gilaki
Eastern Gilaki
Galeshi Gilaki
ISO 639-3
glk
Glottolog
gila1241
Linguasphere
58-AAC-eb

IPA
rendering support

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