180:
that was discovered. In this way the data collected during the excavations could be used to help with the restoration of the ancient buildings and of their interiors — although the most important wall paintings and mosaics still continued to be stripped and transported to Naples. Fiorelli also took the topography of the town and divided it into a system of 'regiones', 'insulae' and 'domus,' a form of reference still in use today.
25:
168:
superintendent and he began to manage the excavations to transform
Pompeii into a place to visit to gain a glimpse into the past of western civilization and begin to understand those who went before the modern world. Fiorelli developed an address system to identify each structure within the ancient city. Then he focused on copying and cataloging the frescoes left in situ.
310:
152:. His initial work at Pompeii was completed in 1848. He was then imprisoned for some time because his radical approach to archaeology and strong nationalist feelings landed him in trouble with the king of Naples, Ferdinand II. During his time as a political prisoner, he produced a three volume work entitled
188:
was poured in and left to harden. The ash around the plaster was then carefully removed, so that a plaster replica of a person or animal at the moment of their death remained. This process gave information about how people had died in the eruption, what they were doing in their final moments and what
179:
As director of the
Pompeii excavation Fiorelli introduced an entirely new system for the project. Instead of uncovering the streets first, in order to excavate the houses from the ground floor up, he imposed a system of uncovering the houses from the top down — a better way of preserving everything
167:
With the unification of Italy in 1860, the legal status of
Pompeii changed from being a royal possession from which monarchs could use the site to obtain antiquities for their private collections or to gift artifacts to illustrious foreign guests, to property of the state. Fiorelli was named
183:
Fiorelli is best known for his plaster casts (calchi), produced by a process named after him: the
Fiorelli process. He realized that where a corpse or other organic material had been buried in ash, it had rotted over time, leaving a cavity. Whenever an excavator discovered such a cavity,
122:
175:
to begin copying the frescoes being unearthed in
Pompeii. In Fiorelli's "The excavations of Pompeii from 1861 to 1872" published in 1873, more than fifty of Discanno's meticulous drawings made between 1870 and 1872 are listed.
192:
Fiorelli was notable for his welcoming attitude to foreign scholars. He founded a training school where foreigners as well as
Italians could learn archaeological technique, and made a particular study of the materials and
204:
In 1875 Fiorelli became director general of
Italian Antiquities and Fine Arts, serving in this position until his death two decades later. His work at Pompeii was continued by Michele Ruggiero, Giulio De Petra,
201:, in 1882, who created a system for categorizing the Pompeian pictures into a range of decorative styles. Mau's work still provides the standard framework for the study of these ancient Roman paintings.
293:
350:
209:
and
Antonio Sogliano, who began to restore the roofs of the houses with wood and tiles in order to protect the remaining wall paintings and mosaics inside.
355:
277:
238:
161:
224:
42:
108:
89:
345:
61:
46:
68:
314:
197:
methods used in
Pompeii. During his tenure many notable scholars came to study the remains of Pompeii. These included
75:
35:
57:
320:
340:
335:
82:
273:
157:
185:
172:
329:
206:
133:
121:
24:
244:
Catalogo del Museo
Nazionale di Napoli: Collezione Santangelo. Napoli, 1866-67.
160:
and director of excavations (1860–75), serving concurrently as director of the
198:
237:
Catalogo del Museo Nazionale di Napoli: Medagliere, Vol. I, Monete Greche,
309:
194:
137:
149:
212:
Fiorelli died of undetermined causes on 28 January 1896 in Naples.
120:
250:
Guida di Pompei, Roma (Tipografia Elzeviriana) 1887, p. 112
156:(1860–64). He subsequently became professor of archaeology at
18:
221:"Osservazioni sopra talune monete rare di città greche",
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
234:", la storia degli scavi di Pompei (1860 - 1864)
132:(7 June 1823 – 28 January 1896) was an Italian
351:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
8:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
321:BBC - History - Ancient History in depth
268:Vinella, Pasquale Roberto (July 2021).
260:
270:Geremia Discanno il pittore di Pompei
239:Naples National Archaeological Museum
162:Naples National Archaeological Museum
7:
148:Fiorelli was born on 7 June 1823 in
47:adding citations to reliable sources
272:. Barletta, Italy: Editrice Rotas.
356:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies people
232:Pompeianarum Antiquitatum Historia
14:
225:Monete inedite dell'Italia antica
308:
23:
292:Testo integrale disponibile su
171:In 1870, Fiorelli commissioned
34:needs additional citations for
1:
189:sort of clothing they wore.
154:History of Pompeian Antiques
247:Descrizione di Pompei, 1875
372:
140:helped preserve the city.
227:, Napoli 1845, 22, n.9.
346:Italian archaeologists
126:
136:. His excavations at
124:
16:Italian archaeologist
317:at Wikimedia Commons
43:improve this article
58:"Giuseppe Fiorelli"
127:
315:Giuseppe Fiorelli
313:Media related to
279:978-88-94983-81-4
158:Naples University
130:Giuseppe Fiorelli
125:Giuseppe Fiorelli
119:
118:
111:
93:
363:
312:
296:
290:
284:
283:
265:
186:plaster of Paris
173:Geremia Discanno
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
371:
370:
366:
365:
364:
362:
361:
360:
326:
325:
305:
300:
299:
291:
287:
280:
267:
266:
262:
257:
218:
146:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
369:
367:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
328:
327:
324:
323:
318:
304:
303:External links
301:
298:
297:
285:
278:
259:
258:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
245:
242:
235:
228:
222:
217:
214:
145:
142:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
368:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
331:
322:
319:
316:
311:
307:
306:
302:
295:
289:
286:
281:
275:
271:
264:
261:
254:
249:
246:
243:
240:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
215:
213:
210:
208:
202:
200:
196:
190:
187:
181:
177:
174:
169:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
141:
139:
135:
134:archaeologist
131:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
288:
269:
263:
231:
211:
203:
191:
182:
178:
170:
166:
164:from 1863.
153:
147:
129:
128:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
341:1896 deaths
336:1823 births
207:Ettore Pais
99:August 2016
330:Categories
199:August Mau
69:newspapers
144:Biography
294:AI Forum
195:building
138:Pompeii
83:scholar
276:
241:, 1870
150:Naples
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
255:Notes
216:Works
90:JSTOR
76:books
274:ISBN
62:news
45:by
332::
282:.
230:"
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
