Glasses - Knowledge (XXG)

977: 3184:(History of Eyeglasses) From pp. 266–267 (translated): "3. Do the Europeans have the Chinese to thank for eyeglasses? ... Messrs. Scrini and Fortin in Paris have asserted this recently with the words: 'One knows, on the other hand, that when Marco Polo went to China, he learned that for a very long time already, the inhabitants had been using eyeglasses.' This assertion lacked any substantiation. So I have closely perused the German translation of 'the books of Marco Polo' (2nd ed., Leipzig 1855) once again as well as carefully compared to the original text (the book of Marco Polo by Pauthier, Paris 1865, 2 volumes): not a syllable about eyeglasses in China is found therein. Our highly esteemed Sinologist, Prof. Graube, had the kindness to peruse also the English edition (by Yule, London 1875), with the same negative result. Thus the sentence of Messrs. Scrini and Fortin is to be crossed out; this error may not be the only one to have infiltrated the literature." 2083:

detail, has not yet become accessible to me. I, therefore, limit my criticism of it as far as possible and prefer to prove, by means of new material from Chinese literature, that the view of the original invention of spectacles in India is the greatest probability. HIRSCHBERG theory is highly unlikely, as all previous experience has shown and contradicts analogies in cultural history and in the history of inventions in particular; Crystal spectacles appear in the European Middle Ages, in India, and in China, and from the historical point of view one can suppose from the outset that these inventions did not occur independently in each of these three cultural groups, but that a historical connection is here present.

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all". Pullin uses the example of spectacles, traditionally categorized as a medical device for "patients", and outlines how they are now described as eyewear: a fashionable accessory. Much like other fashion designs and accessories, eyewear is created by designers, has reputable labels, and comes in collections, by season and designer. In recent years, it has become more common for consumers to purchase eyewear with non-prescription lenses as a fashion accessory.

905: 498: 2751:(New York: Russell & Russell, Inc.) vol. 2. Part 5, Ch. IV, p. 582. From p. 582: "For we can so shape transparent bodies, and arrange them in such a way with respect to our sight and objects of vision, that the rays will be refracted and bent in any direction we desire, and under any angle, we wish we shall see the object near or at a distance. Thus from an incredible distance we might read the smallest letters and number grains of dust and sand ..." 442: 49: 1235: 403: 4105: 1264: 240: 1467: 3844: 2736:(On the rainbow) in Latin, p. 389: "This part of perspective, if perfectly understood, shows us how to make nearby objects appear very small, and how to make a small object placed at a distance appear as large as we wish, so that it would be possible to read minute letters from incredible distances or count sand, seeds, blades of grass, or any minute objects." 678:

computers does not lead to eye diseases, including macular degeneration. The total amount of light entering the eyes can be adjusted without glasses using the screen brightness settings. Similarly, the blue light can often specifically be adjusted using the "night mode" of different operating systems, which can usually be activated outside of nighttime hours.

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I am interested in the remarks of Prof. J. HIRSCHBERG on the "History of the Invention of Glasses" published in the last issue of this journal (Volume VI, pp. 221–223) and the subsequent discussion by Prof. GÜPPERT. The book by HIRSCHBERG mentioned therein, in which his theory should be presented in

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alloys that return to their correct shape after being bent. Other frames have spring-loaded hinges. Either of these designs offer dramatically better ability to withstand the stresses of daily wear and the occasional accident. Modern frames are also often made from strong, lightweight materials such

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Yellow-tinted glasses are a type of glasses with a minor yellow tint. They perform a slight color correction, on top of reducing eyestrain from lack of blinking. They may also be considered minor corrective non-prescription glasses. Depending on the company, these computer or gaming glasses can also

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For most of their history, eyeglasses were seen as unfashionable, and carried several potentially negative connotations: wearing glasses caused individuals to be stigmatized and stereotyped as pious clergymen, as those in religious vocation were the most likely to be literate and therefore the most

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first. This means that Americans who lose or break their glasses may be unable to see well until they can get, and pay for, an appointment with an optometrist. In most of the world, someone who has lost their glasses merely goes to the nearest store selling glasses and buys a replacement over the

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Graham Pullin describes how devices for disability, like glasses, have traditionally been designed to camouflage against the skin and restore ability without being visible. In the past, design for disability has "been less about projecting a positive image as about trying not to project an image at

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cable of coiled metal, sometimes inside a plastic or silicone sleeve. The tightness of the curl can be adjusted along its whole length, allowing the back to fit the wearer's ear curve perfectly. Used for physically active wearers, children, and people with high prescriptions (heavy lenses). See the

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Corrective lenses can be produced in many different shapes from a circular lens called a lens blank. Lens blanks are cut to fit the shape of the frame that will hold them. Frame styles vary and fashion trends change over time, resulting in a multitude of lens shapes. For lower power lenses, there

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Safety glasses are worn to protect the eyes in various situations. They are made with break-proof plastic lenses to protect the eye from flying debris or other matter. Construction workers, factory workers, machinists and lab technicians are often required to wear safety glasses to shield the eyes

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are clear or lightly tinted in dark or indoor conditions, but turn into sunglasses when they come into contact with ultraviolet light. Most over-the-counter sunglasses do not have corrective power in the lenses; however, special prescription sunglasses can be made. People with conditions that have

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is an added feature that can be applied to sunglass lenses. Polarization filters are positioned to remove horizontally polarized rays of light, which eliminates glare from horizontal surfaces (allowing wearers to see into water when reflected light would otherwise overwhelm the scene). Polarized

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Many people require glasses for the reasons listed above. There are many shapes, colors, and materials that can be used when designing frames and lenses that can be utilized in various combinations. Oftentimes, the selection of a frame is made based on how it will affect the appearance of the

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Long hours of computer use (not blue light) may cause eye strain. Many eye symptoms caused by computer use will lessen after the usage of the computer is stopped. Decreasing evening screen time and setting devices to night mode will improve sleep. Several studies have shown that blue light from

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on a two-dimensional surface can be created by providing each eye with different visual information. 3D glasses create the illusion of three dimensions by filtering a signal containing information for both eyes. The signal, often light reflected off a movie screen or emitted from an electronic

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is mistakenly claimed to have encountered eyeglasses during his travels in China in the 13th century. However, no such evidence appears in his accounts. Indeed, the earliest mentions of eyeglasses in China occur in the 15th century and those Chinese sources state that eyeglasses were imported.

1192:–1311) wrote "It is not yet twenty years since there was found the art of making eyeglasses, which make for good vision ... And it is so short a time that this new art, never before extant, was discovered. ... I saw the one who first discovered and practiced it, and I talked to him." 517:

lenses could be also combined and easily removed from the field of view if needed without taking off glasses. These glasses often used for driver when they went through tunnels the upper frame,sunglasses and the second frame with transparent lenses. Drivers flip the sunglasses in tunnels while

693:(UK) is that "the best scientific evidence currently available does not support the use of blue-blocking spectacle lenses in the general population to improve visual performance, alleviate the symptoms of eye fatigue or visual discomfort, improve sleep quality or conserve macula health." 1603:

In the 1930s, "spectacles" were described as "medical appliances". Wearing spectacles was sometimes considered socially humiliating. In the 1970s, fashionable glasses started to become available through manufacturers, and governments also recognized the demand for stylized eyewear.

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Sunglasses may also have corrective lenses, which requires a prescription. Clip-on sunglasses or sunglass clips can be attached to another pair of glasses. Some wrap-around sunglasses are large enough to be worn over another pair of glasses. Otherwise, many people opt to wear

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from flying debris or hazardous splatters such as blood or chemicals. As of 2017, dentists and surgeons in Canada and other countries are required to wear safety glasses to protect against infection from patients' blood or other body fluids. There are also safety glasses for

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suggested that eyepieces could be held in place by a ribbon passed over the wearer's head, this in turn secured by the weight of a hat. The modern style of glasses, held by temples passing over the ears, was developed sometime before 1727, possibly by the British optician

1446:", but all dates are given well after the existence of eyeglasses in Italy was established, including significant shipments of eyeglasses from Italy to the Middle East, with one shipment as large as 24,000 glasses, as well as a spectacles dispensary in Strasbourg in 1466. 592:

mounted on, in, or behind their regular lenses. Newer designs use smaller lightweight telescopes, which can be embedded into the corrective glass and improve aesthetic appearance (mini telescopic spectacles). They may take the form of self-contained glasses that resemble

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speculated, in his history of glasses, that for glasses to be mentioned in the literature of China and Europe at approximately the same time it was probable that they were not invented independently, and after ruling out the Turks, proposed India as a location. However,

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pair of hinges connect the end pieces to the temples, allowing a swivel movement. Spring-loaded flex hinges are a variant that is equipped with a small spring that affords the temples a greater range of movement and does not limit them to the traditional, 90-degree

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speculated that the mention of glasses in the Chinese manuscript Laufer used "in part" to credit the prior invention of them in Asia did not exist in older versions of that manuscript, and the reference to them in later versions was added during the

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I was possessed of a clear complexion, between light and dark, lively eyes, and for long years a keen vision, which however deserted me, contrary to my hopes, after I reached my sixtieth birthday, and forced me, to my great annoyance, to resort to

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emit polarized light, making them sometimes difficult to view with polarized sunglasses. Sunglasses may be worn for aesthetic purposes, or simply to hide the eyes. Examples of sunglasses that were popular for these reasons include tea shades and

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Glasses wearers may use a strap to prevent the glasses from falling off. Wearers of glasses that are used only part of the time may have the glasses attached to a cord that goes around their neck to prevent the loss and breaking of the glasses.

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against flying debris for construction workers or lab technicians; these glasses may have protection on the sides of the eyes as well as in the lenses. Some types of safety glasses are used to protect against visible and near-visible light or

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became synonymous with the styles of eye-glasses they wore to the point that thick, black horn-rimmed glasses are often called "Buddy Holly glasses" and perfectly round metal eyeglass frames called "John Lennon glasses" (or, more recently,

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The United States also prohibits the sale of glasses unless the user has a recent prescription from an optometrist or ophthalmologist, whereas in most of the world, glasses and contact lenses can be bought without needing to get a new

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that those who wear glasses are intelligent. This belief can have positive consequences for people who wear glasses, for example in elections. Studies show that wearing glasses increases politicians' electoral success, at least in

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frames are usually used for protective eyewear for sports because of their lightweight and flexible properties. Unlike most regular glasses, safety glasses often include protection beside the eyes as well as in front of the eyes.

2975:... colore vivido inter candidum et subnigrum, vivacibus oculis et visu per longum tempus acerrimo, qui preter spem supra sexagesimum etatis annum me destituit, ut indignanti michi ad ocularium confugiendum esset auxilium. 1901:

In the 20th century, eyeglasses came to be considered a component of fashion; as such, various different styles have come in and out of popularity. Most are still in regular use, albeit with varying degrees of frequency.

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prescriptions, with perfectly round frames being the most efficient. Before the advent of eyeglasses as a fashion item, when frames were constructed with only functionality in mind, virtually all eyeglasses were either

198:). Sometimes glasses are worn purely for fashion or aesthetic purposes. Even with glasses used for vision correction, a wide range of fashions are available, using plastic, metal, wire, and other materials for frames. 1754:

for normalizing and even popularizing the wearing of eyeglasses in front of live television and stage audiences; prior to this, performers who read on early television were expected to squint or use contact lenses.

674:(CVS) can result from focusing the eyes on a screen for long, continuous periods. Many times the glasses do not appear to have much of a tint, or, if any, a slight yellow tint, but they may be more heavily tinted. 3227: 1745:

to play while wearing glasses "continuously", after his vision deteriorated in 1897. "With their aid he placed himself in the forefront among English professionals of all-round abilities." The American tenor

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generally require a taller lens shape to leave room for the different segments while preserving an adequate field of view through each segment. Frames with rounded edges are the most efficient for correcting

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by allowing him to "hear" vibrations. Some celebrities have become so associated with their eyeglasses that they continued to wear them even after taking other measures against vision problems: U.S. Senator

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pair of brows or caps, plastic or metal caps which fit over the top of the eye wires for style enhancement and to provide additional support for the lenses. The addition of brows makes a pair of glasses

278:(i.e. to focus on objects close to the eye). Few people have a pair of eyes that show exactly equal refractive characteristics; one eye may need a "stronger" (i.e. more refracting) lens than the other. 716:

The ophthalmic frame is the part of a pair of glasses that is designed to hold the lenses in the proper position. Ophthalmic frames come in a variety of styles, sizes, materials, shapes, and colors.

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have a continuous gradient. Lenses can also be manufactured with high refractive indices, which allow them to be more lightweight and thinner than their counterparts with "low" refractive indices.

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measured specifically for computer screen distance (depending on individuals, but possibly 20–26 inches from the face), which are not the same as "blue-light blocking" glasses. The position of the

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people wear nearly opaque glasses to hide their eyes for cosmetic reasons. Many people with light sensitivity conditions wear sunglasses or other tinted glasses to make the light more tolerable.

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or refractive or prismatic variations between the left and right eye. For the total correction of the individual's sight, glasses complying to a recent ophthalmic prescription are required.

2554: 460:(UV) light. To properly protect the eyes from the dangers of UV light, sunglasses should have UV-400 blocker to provide good coverage against the entire light spectrum that poses a danger. 1644:

inflates the prices of frames, which cost an average of $ 25–$ 50 U.S. to make, to an average retail price of $ 300 in the United States. This claim is disputed by some in the industry.

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fiction, eyeglasses have become a standard component of various heroes' disguises as masks, allowing them to adopt a nondescript demeanor when they are not in their superhero personae:

570:. Polarized and active shutter glasses are used with many home theaters. Head-mounted displays are used by a single person, but the input signal can be shared between multiple units. 1215:

regulations in Venice governing the sale of eyeglasses and a separate guild of Venetian spectacle makers was formed in 1320. In the fourteenth century, they were very common objects:

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top bar or brow bar, a bar just above the bridge providing structural support and/or style enhancement (country/Grandpa style). The addition of a top bar makes a pair of glasses

1552:(with the assistance of H. Boegehold and A. Sonnefeld) developed the Zeiss Punktal spherical point-focus lenses that dominated the eyeglass lens field for many years. In 2008, 1203:

records: "Eyeglasses, having first been made by someone else, who was unwilling to share them, he made them and shared them with everyone with a cheerful and willing heart."

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might be used to replace bifocals or trifocals, or might be used to produce cheaper single-vision glasses (since they do not have to be custom-manufactured for every person).

4137: 2047:(1604), Kepler explained how eyeglass lenses compensate for the distortions that are caused by presbyopia or myopia, so that the image is once again properly focused on the 3520: 2459: 1332:

together by the handles so that they could grip the nose. These are referred to as "rivet spectacles". The earliest surviving examples were found under the floorboards at

618:, and other sources of light. This allows for reduced eye-strain. These glasses can be ordered as standard or prescription lenses that fit into standard optical frames. 505:

The double frame uplifting glasses have one moving frame with one pair of lenses and the basic fixed frame with another pair of lenses (optional), that are connected by

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Glasses can be marked or found by their primary function, but also appear in combinations such as prescription sunglasses or safety glasses with enhanced magnification.

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was observed in possession of a pair of glasses in the 1520s, he argues that it "is, therefore, most likely that the use of lenses reached Europe via the Arabs, as did

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Over time, the construction of frames for glasses also evolved. Early eyepieces were designed to be either held in place by hand or by exerting pressure on the nose (

2644:"Reversing the Trend of Large Scale and Centralization in Manufacturing: The Case of Distributed Manufacturing of Customizable 3-D-Printable Self-Adjustable Glasses" 629: 4167: 2361:

Duarte, IA; Mde F, Hafner; Malvestiti, AA (2015), "Ultraviolet radiation emitted by lamps, TVs, tablets and computers: are there risks for the population?",

2201: 2417: 2320: 1625:. Advertising restrictions in the United States, for example, have correlated with higher prices, suggesting that adverts make the spectacles market more 372:

are a type of corrective glasses that do not use a lens. Pinhole glasses do not actually refract the light or change focal length. Instead, they create a

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Riding bow temples: curve around the ear and extend down to the level of the ear lobe. Used mostly on athletic, children's, and industrial safety frames;

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Library temples: generally straight and do not bend down behind the ears. Hold the glasses primarily through light pressure against the side of the skull

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wearer. Some people with good natural eyesight like to wear eyeglasses as a style accessory. In Japan, some companies ban women from wearing glasses.

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in photography. This form of correction has many limitations that prevent it from gaining popularity in everyday use. Pinhole glasses can be made in a

266:. The ability of one's eyes to accommodate their focus to near and distant focus alters over time. A common condition in people over forty years old is 2339: 1507:, suggested that Franklin had indeed invented bifocals, and perhaps 50 years earlier than had been originally thought. The first lenses for correcting 1493:. Historians have from time to time produced evidence to suggest that others may have preceded him in the invention; however, a correspondence between 2484: 1733:

In the United Kingdom, wearing glasses was characterized in the nineteenth century as "a sure sign of the weakling and the mollycoddle", according to

957:. It was not until glasses began to be seen as an accessory that different shapes were introduced to be more aesthetically pleasing than functional. 468:

sunglasses may present some difficulties for pilots since reflections from water and other structures often used to gauge altitude may be removed.

342:, and offer a cheap, practical solution, though these have a pair of simple lenses of equal power, and so will not correct refraction problems like 3990: 2548: 2499: 1673:

provide a way to donate glasses and sunglasses to people on low incomes or no income. Unite For Sight has redistributed more than 200,000 pairs.

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Glasses can also provide magnification that is useful for people with vision impairments or specific occupational demands. An example would be

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display, is filtered so that each eye receives a slightly different image. The filters only work for the type of signal they were designed for.

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and may become thick and heavy if a large lens shape is used. However, if the lens is too small, it can drastically reduce the field of view.

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Hirschberg, Julius (1911), "Geschichte der Augenheilkunde" [History of Ophthalmology], in Graef, Alfred K; Saemisch, Theodor (eds.),

2604: 2702:"In the tomb of Liu Jing, the King of Guangling, a gold circle embedded with crystals was unearthed, which was the first glasses in history" 650:

are becoming increasingly popular in response to concerns about problems caused by blue light overexposure. The problems claimed range from

3964: 2534: 1091:), written between 1220 and 1235, mentions using optics to "read the smallest letters at incredible distances". A few years later in 1262, 301:

of the wearer. Not only do they enhance the wearer's visual experience, but can also reduce problems that result from eye strain, such as

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Since then, eyeglasses have become an acceptable fashion item and often act as a key component in individuals' personal image. Musicians

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Kriss, Timothy C; Kriss, Vesna Martich (April 1998), "History of the Operating Microscope: From Magnifying Glass to Microneurosurgery",

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is also known to have written on the magnifying properties of lenses. The development of the first eyeglasses took place in northern

4224: 4062: 4041: 3897: 3441: 3032: 2726: 2530: 2480: 2455: 2413: 2316: 2228:"Computer glasses that claim to protect your eyes from screens are selling like crazy, but they probably aren't doing you much good" 1574:, glasses remain very common, as their technology has improved. For instance, it is now possible to purchase frames made of special 682: 4192: 4145: 4094: 3047: 1503: 1430: 3820: 3704: 2449: 1459: 843: 817:

material made especially for eyeglass frames. It features a type of elasticity that returns the material to its original shape.

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is inconvenient or uncomfortable. These are often called "flash goggles" because they provide protection from welding flash.

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can be used to verify the specifications of an existing pair of glasses. Corrective eyeglasses can significantly improve the

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Scattered evidence exists for use of visual aid devices in Greek and Roman times, most prominently the use of an emerald by

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provide a separate set of glasses for focusing on close by objects. Reading glasses are available without prescription from

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filters. Polarized 3D glasses allow for color 3D, while the red-blue lenses produce an image with distorted coloration. An

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fashion by making small holes in a piece of card which is then held in front of the eyes with a strap or cardboard arms.

121:, typically utilizing a bridge over the nose and hinged arms, known as temples or temple pieces that rest over the ears. 4823: 3934: 3587: 3370: 2761: 1630: 4129: 3762: 3341: 2625: 1037:(which survives only in a poor Arabic translation). Ptolemy's description of lenses was commented upon and improved by 501:

Double-frame eyewear with one set of lenses on the moving frame and another pair of lenses on a fixed frame (optional).

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allow for better vision in bright daylight and are used to protect one's eyes against damage from excessive levels of

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Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes, Vincent Ilardi, American Philosophical Society 2007 pages 118–125

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was known in the United Kingdom for wearing thick, square, horn-rimmed glasses, which were in fact a sophisticated

839: 31: 2269: 418:, which are styled like wraparound sunglasses, but with much darker lenses, for use in welding where a full-sized 5548: 5096: 3679: 3495: 1989: 1662: 1325:

published the first correct explanation as to why convex and concave lenses could correct presbyopia and myopia.

831: 360:. Many state prisons in the United States issue glasses to inmates, often in the form of clear plastic aviators. 3790: 2922: 5543: 4503: 2407: 2310: 1768: 1038: 671: 552: 24: 2062: 5270: 5177: 4508: 2347: 1533:. These designs were not immediately successful, however, and various styles with attached handles such as " 1245: 896:

Natural materials such as wood, bone, ivory, leather and semi-precious or precious stones may also be used.

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Skull temples: bend down behind the ears, follow the contour of the skull and rest evenly against the skull

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quickly became an important center of manufacture, especially due to using the high-quality glass made at

1196: 474: 469: 3889: 170:. Typical sunglasses lenses are tinted for protection against bright light or polarized to remove glare; 4486: 4217: 1999: 1074: 556: 282: 5036: 2509: 1803:

Other celebrities have used glasses to differentiate themselves from the characters they play, such as

1681: 1321:(near-sightedness) had made their first appearance in the mid-15th century, it was not until 1604 that 996: 913:

are few restrictions, allowing for many trendy and fashionable shapes. Higher power lenses can distort

3176:], Handbuch der Augenheilkunde, vol. 13, Leipzig, Germany: Wilhelm Engelmann, pp. 265 ff 2130:"Personal Protective Equipment Eye and Face Protection (Appendix A) – Environmental Health and Safety" 1454: 701: 224: 5498: 5245: 5041: 4420: 3795: 3683: 1556:

designed eyewear with adjustable corrective glasses. They work by using a built-in syringe to pump a

1376: 1220: 789: 686: 663: 615: 560: 548: 464: 350: 171: 3965:"NBA Finals: LeBron James, Dwyane Wade and Other Fashion Plates of the NBA Make Specs of Themselves" 5471: 5419: 4594: 4455: 4440: 4382: 4292: 4110: 1936: 1834: 1727: 1707: 1525: 1240: 1066:

and of Alhazen became available in Europe in the 12th century, coinciding with the development of "

544: 275: 2746: 2598: 5456: 5444: 5161: 4930: 4910: 4481: 4377: 4329: 4277: 4010: 3930: 3741: 3477: 1906: 1719: 1641: 1571: 1333: 1286: 1216: 1131: 1080: 985: 735: 543:

glasses have a different colored filter for each eye, typically red and blue or red and green. A

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Corrective lenses bring the image back into focus on the retina. They are made to conform to the

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were also fashionable from the second half of the 18th century and into the early 19th century.

670:(UV) radiation. However, there is no measurable UV light from computer monitors. The problem of 3989:

Fleischmann, Alexandra; Lammers, Joris; Stoker, Janka I.; Garretsen, Harry (10 December 2018),

2677:, Book 37, Chpt.16. John Bostock and H. T. Riley, translators. London: Taylor and Francis. 1855 5218: 5051: 5046: 4960: 4745: 4609: 4584: 4527: 4415: 4058: 4037: 3893: 3437: 3293: 3206: 3117: 3028: 2831: 2805: 2722: 2716: 2384: 2004: 1818: 1813: 1626: 1478: 1439: 1360: 1282: 989: 914: 808: 580: 563:

can filter the signal electronically and then transmit light directly into the viewer's eyes.

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by bending the light entering the eye in order to alleviate the effects of conditions such as

167: 107: 67: 20: 3137: 3022: 2766:, University of Maryland, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, archived from 1821:, who wears glasses to separate his professional persona as a chef from his stage persona as 5528: 5509: 5491: 5429: 5394: 4985: 4935: 4703: 4397: 4339: 4334: 4297: 4262: 4210: 4196: 4002: 3791:""It gives a cold impression": Why Japanese companies ban female staff from wearing glasses" 3469: 3283: 3273: 3153: 3109: 2968: 2891: 2797: 2655: 2374: 2366: 1966: 1941: 1911: 1830: 1622: 1534: 1397: 1268: 1224: 1158:

The earliest recorded comment on the use of lenses for optical purposes was made in 1268 by

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Chinese judges wore dark glasses to hide their facial expressions during court proceedings.

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that require them to wear their glasses every time they drive or risk fines or jail time.

335: 286: 215: 140:; however, without the specialized lenses, they are sometimes used for cosmetic purposes. 137: 133: 3863:"The Spin | Tim Killick, the bespectacled rogue who got clattered for 34 in an over" 2550:

Blue blocking spectacle lenses - The College's position on blue blocking spectacle lenses

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There are claims that single lens magnifying glasses were being used in China during the

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disorders) often wear sunglasses or precision tinted glasses, even indoors and at night.

685:(AAO) does not recommend special eyewear for computer use, although it recommends using 356:

Some militaries issue prescription glasses to servicemen and women. These are typically

48: 5481: 5358: 5208: 5203: 5187: 5111: 4970: 4955: 4392: 4151: 3914: 3882: 3521:"Meet the Four-Eyed, Eight-Tentacled Monopoly That is Making Your Glasses So Expensive" 3288: 3261: 2701: 2687: 2379: 2014: 1838: 1808: 1804: 1738: 1734: 1564: 1494: 1417: 1372: 1182: 1047: 1042: 814: 635: 419: 406: 393: 271: 153: 144: 1722:

was regularly photographed wearing eyeglasses, and in the 1910s when popular comedian

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Specialized glasses may be used for viewing specific visual information, for example,

5522: 5223: 5151: 5126: 5121: 5028: 5004: 4950: 4925: 4848: 4654: 4307: 4252: 4014: 3826: 3768: 3714: 3481: 2801: 2432: 1715: 1553: 1549: 1302: 1298: 1166: 1067: 1024: 971: 453: 259: 114: 72: 3457: 2923:"Advances in 13th Century Glass Manufacturing and Their Effect on Chemical Progress" 1351:

The world's first specialist shop for spectacles - what we might regard today as an

1118:" for eye protection, without any corrective properties. For example, flat panes of 5476: 5466: 5313: 5280: 5081: 5066: 4905: 4813: 4725: 4589: 4493: 4445: 4387: 4344: 3394: 2009: 1877: 1869: 1846: 1723: 1575: 1422: 1394: 1379:

of Florence invented eyeglasses in the 13th century has been exposed as erroneous.

1256: 1234: 1119: 486: 402: 298: 3395:"Self-adjustable eyeglasses: how one man's vision is helping others to see better" 2642:

Gwamuri, Jephias; Wittbrodt, Ben T.; Anzalone, Nick C.; Pearce, Joshua M. (2014),

2370: 2245: 782:

Convertible temples: used either as library or skull temples depending on the bent

4093: 4052: 4031: 5363: 5260: 5156: 5116: 4990: 4980: 4777: 4720: 4715: 4698: 4686: 4681: 4649: 4639: 4359: 4006: 2864: 1881: 1850: 1776: 1763: 1759: 1751: 1596: 1512: 1508: 1435: 1290: 1159: 1107: 1092: 946: 823: 747:

pair of nose pads that allows a comfortable resting of the eye wires on the nose

667: 659: 643: 540: 533: 527: 457: 376:

limited system, which has an increased depth of field, similar to using a small

373: 349:

People who need glasses to see often have corrective lens restrictions on their

343: 308:

The most common type of corrective lens is "single vision", which has a uniform

290: 263: 195: 176: 4975: 1263: 239: 5486: 5461: 5451: 5409: 5343: 5136: 5101: 5071: 4965: 4920: 4833: 4828: 4818: 4803: 4693: 4644: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4369: 4282: 3939: 3612: 2660: 2504: 1961: 1926: 1885: 1865: 1789: 1772: 1747: 1498: 1486: 1466: 1382: 1356: 1310: 1293:. Another early example would be a depiction of eyeglasses found north of the 1115: 655: 598: 514: 509:. For example, sun lenses could be easily lifted up and down while mixed with 446: 436: 357: 313: 267: 233: 187: 163: 118: 3113: 3076: 2767: 2575: 1714:

likely to need reading glasses, elderly, or physically weak and passive. The

1114:

Independently of the development of optical lenses, some cultures developed "

328:

glasses provide two or three different refractive indices, respectively, and

5434: 5424: 5368: 5348: 5323: 5308: 5131: 4874: 4765: 4750: 4671: 4629: 4476: 4319: 4302: 3349: 1951: 1857: 1842: 1822: 1742: 1698: 1634: 1538: 1520: 1306: 950: 869: 827: 639: 589: 478: 339: 317: 302: 294: 149: 76: 3121: 2973:(in Latin), vol. 1, Florence, Italy: Felice Le Monnier, pp. 1–2, 2388: 3494:

Hutchinson, Dr Emma; Hutchinson, University of Victoria and; Emma (2017),

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designed for cleaning corrective lenses without scratching sensitive glass

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was created from a revision of this article dated 31 March 2008

3617: 3592: 3278: 2988:

Petrarch (1914), Robinson, James Harvey; Rolfe, Henry Winchester (eds.),

1861: 1793: 1780: 1649: 1580: 1557: 1490: 1443: 1352: 1174: 1005: 920: 877: 651: 377: 325: 321: 180: 124: 5439: 5414: 5333: 5303: 5255: 5076: 4940: 4915: 4782: 4760: 4755: 4730: 4435: 4425: 4407: 4314: 4234: 2277: 1946: 1931: 1337: 1028: 594: 567: 415: 397: 229: 191: 110: 2181:

Phillips Safety | Leading Manufacturer of Occupational Safety Products

1008:

circa 1600 shows glasses with temples passing over and around the ears

759:

pair of end pieces connect the eye wires via the hinges to the temples

5106: 5091: 5019: 4945: 4879: 4864: 4735: 4664: 4659: 4604: 2105: 2048: 1482: 1318: 1208: 1204: 1201:

Ancient Chronicle of the Dominican Monastery of St. Catherine in Pisa

954: 933: 835: 725:

pair of eye wires or rims surrounding and holding the lenses in place

510: 274:

losing elasticity, progressively reducing the ability of the lens to

255: 2177:"What Glasses Prevent Welding Flash? Phillips Safety Has the Answer" 85: 4202: 3473: 3211:

Mitteilungen zur Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften

2721:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, p. 389, 2643: 1718:

began to fall away in the U.S. in the early 1900s when the popular

1238:

Seated apostle holding lenses in position for reading. Detail from

5275: 4995: 4894: 4838: 4599: 1797: 1792:

continued to wear non-prescription glasses after being fitted for

1697: 1680: 1621:

The market for spectacles has been characterized as having highly

1568: 1465: 1453: 1388: 1341: 1329: 1314: 1262: 1233: 1212: 1141: 1127: 1123: 1096: 995: 975: 903: 881: 865: 853: 788:

Comfort cable temples: similar to the riding bow, but made from a

700: 496: 440: 423: 401: 238: 223: 123: 4193:"Common Spectacles Styles before, during and after the Civil War" 1027:

to form an enlarged/magnified image was most likely described in

489:

to correct their vision so that standard sunglasses can be used.

4884: 4057:, vol. IV, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 3432:

Pullin, Graham; et al. (2009), "Fashion Meets Discretion",

1595:

Woman wearing eyewear with non-prescription lenses in a fashion

1294: 1177:, by about 1290: In a sermon delivered on 23 February 1306, the 1170: 1013: 942: 4523: 4206: 566:

Anaglyph and polarized glasses are distributed to audiences at

4566: 4561: 4036:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Philosophical Society, 3735: 2270:"BluTech Lenses – Technology, The story behind BluTech Lenses" 1872:

wears either round, Harold Lloyd-style glasses or 1970s-style

1826: 1807:, who wore oversized 1980s-style round horn-rimmed glasses as 452:

Sunglasses provide more comfort and protection against bright

381: 152:. Glasses are worn for eye protection in some sports, such as 1864:

is well known for wearing 1950s-style horn-rimmed glasses as

1328:

Early frames for glasses consisted of two magnifying glasses

1281:

The earliest pictorial evidence for the use of eyeglasses is

868:

may be used to make glasses, such as gold, silver, aluminum,

19:

This article is about the eyewear. For drinking vessels, see

4091: 2508:, Medically reviewed by Ann Marie Griff, O.D, archived from 1442:

and the ophthalmological works of the ancient Hindu surgeon

4519: 2994:(2nd ed.), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, p. 60, 2334: 2332: 2330: 666:

which can cause partial blindness. They may also block out

3372:

Eyeglass Lenses and Visual Aids from Industrial Production

2961:

Petrarch (Franciscus Petrarca) mentions eyeglasses in his

117:

mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's

3346:

The Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge University

3027:, Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, pp. 45–46, 2732:

From Grant's English translation of Robert Grosseteste's

1165:

The first eyeglasses were estimated to have been made in

3737:

The world's online database of high quality used glasses

3458:"The Effects of Advertising on the Price of Eye Glasses" 2202:"Sunglasses not just an accessory in the Sunshine State" 731:

chassis, the combination of the eye wires and the bridge

612:

high energy blue and ultra-violet light from LCD screens

4189:, on eyes and how eyeglasses correct vision (page 120). 2967:

Petrarca, Francisci (1859), Fracassetti, Joseph (ed.),

1473:, 33rd President of the United States, had poor vision. 753:

pair of temples (earpieces) on either side of the skull

750:

pair of pad arms connect the nose pads to the eye wires

3102:

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 232:

seen through a corrective lens, showing the effect of

3100:

Rosen, Edward (1956), "The invention of eyeglasses",

2991:

Petrarch: The First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters

3884:

The Bluebird of Happiness: The Memoirs of Jan Peerce

1223:

that, until he was 60, he did not need glasses, and

634:

By the end of the 2010s, eyeglasses that filter out

136:, such as with reading glasses and glasses used for 5382: 5289: 5236: 5196: 5170: 5027: 5018: 4893: 4857: 4791: 4577: 4557: 4469: 4406: 4368: 4241: 3077:"Why do billions of people still not have glasses?" 1583:alloys, which were not available in earlier times. 66: 58: 41: 3881: 3570:"Does Luxottica Own 80% of the Eyeglass Industry?" 2824:"Sunglasses History – The Invention of Sunglasses" 1199:of Pisa (d. 1313) was soon making eyeglasses. The 2916: 2914: 2912: 2745:Bacon, Roger; Burke, Robert Belle, trans. (1962) 2437:, Reviewed by Benjamin Bert, MD, Business Insider 2401: 2399: 2397: 30:"Spectacles" redirects here. For other uses, see 4033:Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes 3913:Sykes, Eric (31 December 2004), "Comedy Great", 2500:"Can blue light glasses prevent damage to eyes?" 1750:, plagued with poor eyesight, credited comedian 2451:Should You Use Night Mode to Reduce Blue Light? 2080: 820:Cellulose propionate, a molded, durable plastic 630:Biological effects of high-energy visible light 4104: 3608:"Sticker shock: Why are glasses so expensive?" 756:pair of temple tips at the ends of the temples 4535: 4218: 3325:, The College of Optometrists, archived from 2970:Epistolae de Rebus Familiaribus et Variae ... 1428:In 1971, Rishi Agarwal, in an article in the 8: 3179: 2688:"Opening our eyes to spectacles of the past" 2365:, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 595–7, 2340:"Blue Light Glasses - Helpful or Just Hype?" 1301:, Germany, in 1403. These early glasses had 908:Modern glasses with a rectangular lens shape 5024: 4574: 4542: 4528: 4520: 4225: 4211: 4203: 3857: 3855: 2932:, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 29–34 2246:"Computer Eye Strain: 10 Steps For Relief" 1640:There are claims that insufficiently free 601:, or may be attached to existing glasses. 47: 4140:at the British Optical Association Museum 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3287: 3277: 3229:Science and Civilization in China Vol 4.1 2659: 2526:Computers, Digital Devices and Eye Strain 2378: 1730:as the "Glasses" character in his films. 4176:(article), February 1944, archived from 4121:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 3814: 3812: 3436:, Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 13–64, 2106:"Eyeglasses - All What You Need to Know" 1685:Glasses - Decoration, Prezi HQ, Budapest 1590: 1511:were designed by the British astronomer 1393:Man wearing glasses on the 16th century 1101: 1099:in the second half of the 13th century. 838:Mylon (The frames can be 3-D printed by 3761:"Brick Award Winner: Jennifer Staple", 3193: 3149: 3108:(2): 13–46 (part 1), 183–218 (part 2), 2851: 2097: 2027: 1313:that commonly develops as a symptom of 984:Cardinal and renowned biblical scholar 728:bridge which connects the two eye wires 3838: 3836: 3819:"Understanding Three-Piece Mounting", 3133: 3070: 3068: 3008: 2949: 2903: 2887: 2557:from the original on 19 September 2020 2323:from the original on 23 September 2020 250:Corrective lenses are used to correct 38: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3021:Ronchi, Vasco; Rosen, Edward (1991), 2930:Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 2462:from the original on 8 September 2020 605:Yellow-tinted computer/gaming glasses 7: 3789:Steger, Isabelle (7 November 2019), 3393:Whiteman, Honor (12 November 2015), 3266:The British Journal of Ophthalmology 3169:Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde 2830:, Vaunt Design Group, archived from 2763:...Optics Highlights: II. Spectacles 2607:from the original on 27 January 2007 2420:from the original on 28 October 2020 1849:'s infamous styling as TV character 1401:The Bustling and Hustling of Nanjing 1344:in Germany; they have been dated to 4054:Science & Civilisation in China 3054:, The College of Optometrists, 2015 2537:from the original on 3 October 2020 2529:, Reviewed by James M Huffman, MD, 2498:Caporuscio, Jessica (2 June 2020), 2479:, Reviewed by Ninel Z Gregori, MD, 2473:Porter, Daniel (15 November 2019), 2412:, Reviewed by Ninel Z Gregori, MD, 1041:(10th century) and most notably by 179:as a primary symptom (like certain 81: 4051:Needham, Joseph (1962), "Part 1", 3649:"The Great American Eye-Exam Scam" 3647:Mounk, Yascha (27 November 2019). 3235:, pp. 118–119, archived from 2487:from the original on 9 August 2020 2431:Iallonardo, Marisa (24 May 2020), 2406:Porter, Daniel (16 January 2020), 2346:, 16 December 2019, archived from 2175:Milani, Clara (14 February 2024). 1629:. It has also been claimed to be 1297:in an altarpiece of the church of 14: 3075:Harford, Tim (20 November 2019), 2718:A Source Book in Medieval Science 2531:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2481:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2456:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2434:Do blue light glasses work ? 2414:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2409:Blue Light and Digital Eye Strain 2317:American Academy of Ophthalmology 2315:, Reviewed by Rahul Khurana, MD, 2226:Loria, Kevin (21 February 2017), 1771:glasses"). British comedic actor 1285:'s 1352 portrait of the cardinal 683:American Academy of Ophthalmology 493:Mixed double-frame (Flip glasses) 4199:; Antique Eyeglasses in America. 4103: 3963:Cacciola, Scott (14 June 2012), 3706:Donate Eyeglasses and Sunglasses 3675:Lions Eyeglasses Recycling Facts 3620:, 7 October 2012, archived from 2802:10.1097/00006123-199804000-00116 2626:"Cable conversion temple covers" 2454:, Reviewed by Raj K Maturi, MD, 1845:that draws comparisons to actor 1504:The Gazette of the United States 1431:British Journal of Ophthalmology 3991:"You Can Leave Your Glasses on" 3588:"Why are glasses so expensive?" 3262:"Origin of spectacles in India" 2822:Ament, Phil (4 December 2006), 2523:Boyd, Kierstan (3 March 2020), 2448:Hazanchuk, Vered (7 May 2019), 2309:Vimont, Celia (27 April 2017), 2151:"Why do I need safety glasses?" 1833:with thick plastic frames like 1560:solution into a flexible lens. 1460:Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas 611: 270:, which is caused by the eye's 132:Glasses are typically used for 3348:, Robert Bruen, archived from 2312:Are Computer Glasses Worth It? 1317:. Although concave lenses for 762:pair of frame-front end pieces 260:farsightedness (hypermetropia) 1: 3940:"Whacky NBA Playoff Fashion!" 3888:. Harper & Row. pp. 3174:Handbook of all ophthalmology 3024:Optics: The Science of Vision 2748:The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon 2476:Digital Devices and Your Eyes 2371:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153616 1702:Former United States senator 1272: 1249: 1186: 1052: 706: 3500:Principles of Microeconomics 3462:Journal of Law and Economics 3052:www.college-optometrists.org 2648:Challenges in Sustainability 1631:monopolistically competitive 980:Detail of a portrait of the 793:image of 1920s frames above. 712:, with springy cable temples 534:illusion of three dimensions 513:lenses that always stay on. 3846:The Fashion of Harold Lloyd 3322:The 'Inventor' of Bifocals? 2921:Rasmussen, Seth C. (2008), 2715:Grant, Edward, ed. (1974), 2045:Ad Vitellionem paralipomena 1985:Adjustable-focus eyeglasses 1741:was the first professional 1544:In the early 20th century, 1227:mentions them often in his 1195:Giordano's colleague Friar 624:Blue-light blocking glasses 364:Adjustable-focus eyeglasses 53:Two pairs of modern glasses 5565: 3545:"Is Luxottica A Monopoly?" 1563:Despite the popularity of 1371:The 17th-century claim by 1309:(farsightedness), and the 1122:were used in 12th-century 969: 840:Fused Filament Fabrication 627: 525: 434: 391: 213: 32:Spectacle (disambiguation) 29: 18: 5507: 4007:10.1027/1864-9335/a000359 3680:Lions Clubs International 3342:"Sir George Biddell Airy" 3205:Laufer, Berthold (1907). 2661:10.12924/cis2014.02010030 2155:Mayo Clinic Health System 2070:, vol. 6, p. 26 2061:Laufer, Berthold (1907), 1663:Lions Clubs International 1271:(with one lens missing), 832:Selective laser sintering 826:plastic using super-fine 82: 46: 4030:Ilardi, Vincent (2007), 1825:Japanese. In 2012, some 1661:Some organizations like 1305:that could correct both 1106:The Persian miniaturist 1002:Fernando Niño de Guevara 672:computer vision syndrome 574:Magnification (bioptics) 553:active shutter 3D system 256:nearsightedness (myopia) 25:Glasses (disambiguation) 4195:(2012 article) via the 4147:The Medieval Technology 3969:The Wall Street Journal 3843:Lloyd, Annette (1996), 3825:, Seiko, archived from 3434:Design Meets Disability 3260:Agarwal, R. K. (1971). 3207:"Geschichte der Brille" 2965:(Letter to Posterity): 2869:Encyclopedia Britannica 1477:The American scientist 1363:, now France) in 1466. 1246:Master of Heiligenkreuz 691:College of Optometrists 547:on the other hand uses 470:Liquid-crystal displays 143:Safety glasses provide 4099: 4079:Listen to this article 3181:Geschichte der Brillen 3180: 3114:10.1093/jhmas/xi.2.183 2085: 1990:Baden-Powell's unilens 1710: 1686: 1671:New Eyes for the Needy 1600: 1572:corrective eye surgery 1474: 1463: 1408: 1278: 1260: 1211:. By 1301, there were 1197:Alessandro della Spina 1155: 1111: 1110:wearing glasses, 1673. 1009: 993: 909: 713: 502: 449: 410: 247: 236: 129: 62:Eyeglasses, spectacles 23:. For other uses, see 4168:"Are Your Eyes Right" 4150:, NYU, archived from 4098: 2986:English translation: 2865:"Eyeglasses | optics" 2828:The Great Idea Finder 2064:Geschichte der Brille 2000:Eyeglass prescription 1701: 1684: 1594: 1469: 1457: 1392: 1266: 1237: 1145: 1105: 1075:Northern Song dynasty 1000:Portrait of Cardinal 999: 979: 970:Further information: 907: 900:Corrective lens shape 704: 561:Head-mounted displays 500: 444: 405: 242: 227: 127: 113:with clear or tinted 5499:Head-mounted display 5147:Enhanced Combat (US) 4130:More spoken articles 4024:General bibliography 3796:Quartz (publication) 3764:People: do something 3686:on 15 September 2008 3456:Benham, Lee (1972), 3279:10.1136/bjo.55.2.128 2963:Epistola ad Posteros 2770:on 23 September 2015 2250:All about vision.com 1880:. An example of the 1839:post-game interviews 1779:that alleviated his 1633:, as in the case of 1377:Salvino degli Armati 1134:for eye protection. 687:prescription glasses 664:macular degeneration 616:fluorescent lighting 172:photochromic glasses 5420:Horn-rimmed glasses 3880:Levy, Alan (1976). 3576:, 20 September 2016 3217:(4) : 379–385. 2675:The Natural History 2580:, OpticalCourse.com 1967:Wayfarer sunglasses 1937:Horn-rimmed glasses 1835:horn-rimmed glasses 1737:, writing in 1928. 1728:horn-rimmed glasses 1708:horn-rimmed glasses 1669:, ReSpectacle, and 1612:Society and culture 1526:Girolamo Savonarola 1411:In 1907, Professor 1267:French Empire gilt 1241:Death of the Virgin 1219:says in one of his 864:Various metals and 803:Plastic and polymer 545:polarized 3D system 5539:Italian inventions 5097:Lobster-tailed pot 4154:on 16 October 2015 4138:Spectacles Gallery 4100: 3829:on 28 October 2008 3771:, 20 February 2007 3399:Medical News Today 3352:on 25 January 2021 3048:"Rivet spectacles" 2512:on 16 October 2020 1907:Aviator sunglasses 1811:in the soap opera 1720:Theodore Roosevelt 1711: 1687: 1642:market competition 1601: 1475: 1464: 1450:Later developments 1409: 1334:Kloster Wienhausen 1287:Hugh de Saint-Cher 1279: 1261: 1217:Francesco Petrarca 1156: 1112: 1081:Robert Grosseteste 1060:Latin translations 1010: 994: 986:Hugh of Saint-Cher 929:progressive lenses 910: 736:aviator eyeglasses 714: 662:disruption, up to 586:bioptic telescopes 503: 456:and often against 450: 411: 330:progressive lenses 312:. For people with 248: 237: 130: 16:Form of vision aid 5534:Corrective lenses 5516: 5515: 5232: 5231: 5014: 5013: 4517: 4516: 4096: 3995:Social Psychology 3971:(online ed.) 3717:on 20 August 2008 3624:on 8 October 2012 3551:, 19 January 2021 3242:on 23 August 2016 2673:Pliny the Elder. 2630:www.optiboard.com 2344:WebMD Health News 2005:History of optics 1819:Masaharu Morimoto 1814:Coronation Street 1798:laser eye surgery 1627:price-competitive 1479:Benjamin Franklin 1440:Hindu mathematics 1361:Holy Roman Empire 1283:Tommaso da Modena 1169:, most likely in 990:Tommaso da Modena 915:peripheral vision 813:Optyl, a type of 809:Cellulose acetate 588:which have small 409:with side shields 351:driver's licenses 252:refractive errors 168:ultraviolet light 134:vision correction 128:Man with glasses. 93: 92: 21:List of glassware 5556: 5549:Sports equipment 5510:List of headwear 5238:Other protective 5025: 4575: 4544: 4537: 4530: 4521: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4204: 4197:Internet Archive 4188: 4187: 4185: 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2119: 2118: 2116: 2102: 2086: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2069: 2058: 2052: 2043:In his treatise 2041: 2035: 2032: 1942:Lensless glasses 1912:Browline glasses 1891:Western cultures 1831:lensless glasses 1800:, respectively. 1623:inelastic demand 1535:scissors-glasses 1398:Chinese painting 1277: 1274: 1269:scissors glasses 1254: 1251: 1225:Franco Sacchetti 1191: 1188: 1183:Giordano da Pisa 1152:Conrad von Soest 1057: 1054: 1016:as mentioned by 892:Natural material 834:processes – see 743:browline glasses 711: 708: 555:uses electronic 507:four-bar linkage 310:refractive index 272:crystalline lens 244:Microfiber cloth 220:Refractive error 98:, also known as 86:edit on Wikidata 51: 39: 5564: 5563: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5544:Protective gear 5519: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5503: 5378: 5291: 5285: 5271:Padded headgear 5228: 5192: 5166: 5142:Advanced Combat 5010: 4898: 4889: 4853: 4787: 4571: 4553: 4548: 4518: 4513: 4465: 4402: 4364: 4237: 4231: 4183: 4181: 4173:Popular Science 4166: 4157: 4155: 4143: 4134: 4133: 4122: 4116: 4114: 4111:This audio file 4108: 4101: 4092: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4065: 4050: 4044: 4029: 4026: 4021: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3972: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3948: 3946: 3938: 3935:Wayback Machine 3928: 3924: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3900: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3861: 3860: 3853: 3842: 3841: 3834: 3818: 3817: 3810: 3801: 3799: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3774: 3772: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3746: 3744: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3720: 3718: 3711:Unite For Sight 3703: 3702: 3698: 3689: 3687: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3646: 3645: 3636: 3627: 3625: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3554: 3552: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3529: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3504: 3502: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3431: 3430: 3413: 3404: 3402: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3378: 3376: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3355: 3353: 3340:Bruen, Robert, 3339: 3338: 3334: 3329:on 13 June 2011 3319: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3154:119, footnote c 3148: 3144: 3132: 3128: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3085: 3083: 3074: 3073: 3066: 3057: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3007: 3003: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2966: 2960: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2935: 2933: 2925: 2920: 2919: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2886: 2882: 2873: 2871: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2837: 2835: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2773: 2771: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2744: 2740: 2729: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2704:. 7 April 2022. 2700: 2699: 2695: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2672: 2668: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2610: 2608: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2583: 2581: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2560: 2558: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2405: 2404: 2395: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2338: 2337: 2328: 2308: 2307: 2292: 2283: 2281: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2254: 2252: 2244:Heiting, Gary, 2243: 2242: 2238: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2211: 2209: 2208:, 12 March 2018 2200: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2159: 2157: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2114: 2112: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2089: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2019: 1995:Eye examination 1980: 1972:Windsor glasses 1957:Rimless glasses 1922:Cat eye glasses 1917:Bug-eye glasses 1899: 1884:is seen in the 1874:bug-eye glasses 1786:Barry Goldwater 1726:wore a pair of 1704:Barry Goldwater 1696: 1679: 1667:Unite For Sight 1659: 1619: 1614: 1589: 1546:Moritz von Rohr 1531:Edward Scarlett 1481:, who had both 1471:Harry S. Truman 1452: 1413:Berthold Laufer 1369: 1323:Johannes Kepler 1275: 1252: 1229:Trecentonovelle 1189: 1148:Glasses Apostle 1140: 1055: 1018:Pliny the Elder 974: 968: 963: 902: 894: 886:nickel titanium 874:stainless steel 862: 842:for pennies of 805: 800: 773: 722: 709: 699: 632: 626: 607: 576: 530: 524: 495: 439: 433: 400: 390: 370:Pinhole glasses 336:Reading glasses 287:ophthalmologist 222: 216:Corrective lens 214:Main articles: 212: 204: 138:nearsightedness 89: 54: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5562: 5560: 5552: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5521: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5482:Shutter shades 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5295: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5242: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5227: 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4504:Shutter system 4501: 4496: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4412: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4249: 4247: 4239: 4238: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4190: 4180:on 2 June 2013 4164: 4144:"Spectacles", 4141: 4123: 4109: 4102: 4090: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4073:External links 4071: 4070: 4069: 4063: 4048: 4042: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4019: 3981: 3955: 3922: 3905: 3898: 3872: 3851: 3832: 3808: 3781: 3753: 3727: 3696: 3665: 3634: 3599: 3579: 3561: 3536: 3519:Swanson, Ana, 3511: 3496:"8.1 Monopoly" 3486: 3474:10.1086/466740 3448: 3442: 3411: 3401:, Red Ventures 3385: 3362: 3332: 3312: 3303: 3272:(2): 128–129. 3252: 3219: 3198: 3196:, p. 119. 3186: 3158: 3142: 3126: 3092: 3064: 3039: 3033: 3013: 3011:, p. 244. 3001: 2979: 2954: 2942: 2908: 2896: 2880: 2856: 2854:, p. 121. 2844: 2834:on 3 July 2007 2814: 2796:(4): 899–907, 2780: 2753: 2738: 2727: 2707: 2693: 2679: 2666: 2634: 2617: 2590: 2577:Optical Course 2567: 2540: 2515: 2490: 2465: 2440: 2423: 2393: 2353: 2326: 2290: 2274:BluTech Lenses 2261: 2236: 2218: 2193: 2167: 2142: 2121: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2053: 2036: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2017: 2015:Plurale tantum 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1898: 1895: 1809:Deirdre Barlow 1805:Anne Kirkbride 1735:Neville Cardus 1695: 1694:Personal image 1692: 1678: 1675: 1658: 1657:Redistribution 1655: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1588: 1585: 1565:contact lenses 1495:George Whatley 1458:A portrait of 1451: 1448: 1434:, states that 1418:Joseph Needham 1373:Francesco Redi 1368: 1365: 1139: 1136: 1089:On the Rainbow 1068:reading stones 1048:Book of Optics 967: 964: 962: 959: 901: 898: 893: 890: 861: 858: 857: 856: 851: 821: 818: 815:hypoallergenic 811: 804: 801: 799: 796: 795: 794: 786: 783: 780: 777: 772: 769: 768: 767: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 738: 732: 729: 726: 721: 718: 698: 695: 628:Main article: 625: 622: 606: 603: 575: 572: 526:Main article: 523: 520: 494: 491: 487:contact lenses 445:Woman wearing 435:Main article: 432: 429: 420:welding helmet 407:Safety glasses 394:Eye protection 389: 386: 305:or squinting. 211: 208: 203: 200: 145:eye protection 91: 90: 83: 80: 79: 70: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5561: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5511: 5506: 5500: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 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3899:0-06-013311-2 3895: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3876: 3873: 3869:, 7 July 2020 3868: 3864: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3798: 3797: 3792: 3785: 3782: 3770: 3769:HowStuffWorks 3766: 3765: 3757: 3754: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3731: 3728: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3700: 3697: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3669: 3666: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3512: 3501: 3497: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3468:(2): 337–52, 3467: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3449: 3445: 3443:9780262162555 3439: 3435: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3386: 3374: 3373: 3366: 3363: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3336: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3316: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3253: 3238: 3231: 3230: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3187: 3182: 3175: 3171: 3170: 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2436: 2435: 2427: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2280:on 4 May 2015 2279: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2251: 2247: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2222: 2219: 2207: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2182: 2178: 2171: 2168: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2131: 2125: 2122: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2084: 2079:Translation: 2066: 2065: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2028: 2021: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1829:players wore 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1788:and comedian 1787: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1739:"Tim" Killick 1736: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1693: 1691: 1683: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1645: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1554:Joshua Silver 1551: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1472: 1468: 1461: 1456: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1426: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1355:- opened in 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303:convex lenses 1300: 1299:Bad Wildungen 1296: 1292: 1289:reading in a 1288: 1284: 1270: 1265: 1258: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167:Central Italy 1163: 1161: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1062:of Ptolemy's 1061: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1023:The use of a 1021: 1019: 1015: 1007: 1003: 998: 991: 988:, painted by 987: 983: 978: 973: 972:Reading stone 965: 960: 958: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 935: 930: 926: 922: 918: 916: 906: 899: 897: 891: 889: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 859: 855: 852: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 822: 819: 816: 812: 810: 807: 806: 802: 797: 791: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 774: 770: 764: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 744: 739: 737: 733: 730: 727: 724: 723: 719: 717: 703: 696: 694: 692: 688: 684: 679: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 631: 623: 621: 619: 617: 613: 604: 602: 600: 596: 591: 587: 583: 582: 573: 571: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 535: 529: 521: 519: 516: 512: 508: 499: 492: 490: 488: 482: 480: 476: 471: 466: 461: 459: 455: 448: 443: 438: 430: 428: 425: 421: 417: 408: 404: 399: 395: 387: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 365: 361: 359: 354: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 279: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 245: 241: 235: 231: 226: 221: 217: 209: 207: 201: 199: 197: 193: 189: 184: 182: 178: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 155: 151: 146: 141: 139: 135: 126: 122: 120: 116: 112: 109: 105: 101: 97: 87: 78: 74: 73:Ophthalmology 71: 69: 65: 61: 57: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 26: 22: 5477:Solar viewer 5389: 5314:Deely bobber 5290:Hairwear and 5281:Sports visor 5067:Lamellenhelm 4704:Anthony Eden 4441:Night-vision 4431:Fatal Vision 4421:Dark adaptor 4388:Solar viewer 4246:/ spectacles 4243: 4182:, retrieved 4178:the original 4171: 4156:, retrieved 4152:the original 4146: 4053: 4032: 4001:(1): 38–52, 3998: 3994: 3984: 3973:, retrieved 3968: 3958: 3947:, retrieved 3943: 3931:Ghostarchive 3929:Archived at 3925: 3915: 3908: 3883: 3875: 3867:the Guardian 3866: 3845: 3827:the original 3821: 3800:, retrieved 3794: 3784: 3773:, retrieved 3763: 3756: 3745:, retrieved 3736: 3730: 3719:, retrieved 3715:the original 3705: 3699: 3688:, retrieved 3684:the original 3674: 3668: 3656:. Retrieved 3653:The Atlantic 3652: 3626:, retrieved 3622:the original 3611: 3602: 3591: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3553:, retrieved 3548: 3539: 3528:, retrieved 3524: 3514: 3503:, retrieved 3499: 3489: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3433: 3403:, retrieved 3398: 3388: 3377:, retrieved 3371: 3365: 3354:, retrieved 3350:the original 3345: 3335: 3327:the original 3321: 3315: 3306: 3269: 3265: 3255: 3244:, retrieved 3237:the original 3228: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3201: 3194:Needham 1962 3189: 3173: 3168: 3161: 3150:Needham 1962 3145: 3129: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3084:, retrieved 3080: 3056:, retrieved 3051: 3042: 3023: 3016: 3004: 2995: 2990: 2982: 2974: 2969: 2962: 2957: 2952:, p. 9. 2945: 2934:, retrieved 2929: 2906:, p. 6. 2899: 2883: 2872:, retrieved 2868: 2859: 2852:Needham 1962 2847: 2836:, retrieved 2832:the original 2827: 2817: 2793: 2790:Neurosurgery 2789: 2783: 2772:, retrieved 2768:the original 2762: 2756: 2747: 2741: 2733: 2717: 2710: 2696: 2682: 2674: 2669: 2654:(1): 30–40, 2651: 2647: 2637: 2629: 2620: 2609:, retrieved 2599: 2593: 2582:, retrieved 2576: 2570: 2559:, retrieved 2549: 2543: 2525: 2518: 2510:the original 2503: 2493: 2475: 2468: 2450: 2443: 2433: 2426: 2408: 2362: 2356: 2348:the original 2343: 2311: 2282:, retrieved 2278:the original 2273: 2264: 2253:, retrieved 2249: 2239: 2231: 2221: 2210:, retrieved 2205: 2196: 2184:. Retrieved 2180: 2170: 2158:. Retrieved 2154: 2145: 2133:. Retrieved 2124: 2113:, retrieved 2109: 2100: 2081: 2072:, retrieved 2063: 2056: 2044: 2039: 2030: 2010:X-ray vision 1900: 1878:Diana Prince 1870:Wonder Woman 1855: 1847:Jaleel White 1812: 1802: 1796:and getting 1769:Harry Potter 1757: 1732: 1724:Harold Lloyd 1712: 1688: 1660: 1646: 1639: 1620: 1606: 1602: 1576:memory metal 1562: 1543: 1519: 1517: 1502: 1501:, editor of 1476: 1429: 1427: 1423:Ming dynasty 1410: 1400: 1395:Ming dynasty 1381: 1370: 1367:Other claims 1350: 1345: 1327: 1280: 1257:Getty Center 1239: 1228: 1200: 1194: 1164: 1157: 1147: 1132:snow goggles 1120:smoky quartz 1113: 1088: 1084: 1083:'s treatise 1079: 1077:(960–1127). 1072: 1063: 1046: 1032: 1022: 1014:Emperor Nero 1011: 919: 911: 895: 863: 771:Temple types 715: 710: 1920s 680: 676: 633: 620: 608: 585: 579: 577: 565: 539: 531: 504: 483: 475:mirrorshades 465:polarization 462: 451: 412: 368: 362: 355: 348: 334: 307: 299:life quality 283:prescription 280: 249: 205: 185: 162: 158: 142: 131: 103: 99: 95: 94: 36: 5292:other items 5261:Face shield 5178:Firefighter 5162:Paratrooper 5117:Pickelhaube 5037:Boar's tusk 4956:Ferronnière 4640:Chilote cap 4456:Upside down 4293:Horn-rimmed 3742:ReSpectacle 3379:2 September 3136:, pp. 3134:Ilardi 2007 3086:21 November 3058:28 February 3009:Ilardi 2007 2950:Ilardi 2007 2904:Ilardi 2007 2888:Ilardi 2007 2874:18 February 2774:1 September 2255:1 September 1882:halo effect 1851:Steve Urkel 1777:hearing aid 1764:John Lennon 1760:Buddy Holly 1752:Steve Allen 1597:photo shoot 1513:George Airy 1509:astigmatism 1489:, invented 1462:, 1580–1645 1436:Vyasatirtha 1291:scriptorium 1276: 1805 1253: 1400 1190: 1255 1160:Roger Bacon 1108:Reza Abbasi 1093:Roger Bacon 1056: 1021 1025:convex lens 947:rectangular 830:powder and 668:ultraviolet 660:sleep cycle 644:smartphones 610:filter out 541:Anaglyph 3D 458:ultraviolet 374:diffraction 344:astigmatism 291:optometrist 276:accommodate 264:astigmatism 196:stereoscopy 177:photophobia 59:Other names 5523:Categories 5452:Sunglasses 5390:Eyeglasses 5344:Headphones 5219:Motorcycle 5171:Vocational 5102:Kulah khud 5052:Chalcidian 5047:Corinthian 4936:Coronation 4509:VR headset 4370:Sunglasses 4126:Audio help 4117:2008-03-31 3802:7 November 3628:19 October 3613:60 Minutes 3574:snopes.com 3549:Financhill 3405:25 October 3152:, p. 2936:18 October 2890:, p. 2611:27 January 2561:24 October 2110:Eyewa Blog 2093:References 1962:Sunglasses 1927:GI glasses 1886:stereotype 1866:Clark Kent 1790:Drew Carey 1773:Eric Sykes 1748:Jan Peerce 1587:In fashion 1539:lorgnettes 1499:John Fenno 1487:presbyopia 1383:Marco Polo 1357:Strasbourg 1311:presbyopia 1130:have used 1126:, and the 1116:sunglasses 966:Precursors 824:3D-printed 656:eye strain 636:blue light 599:binoculars 590:telescopes 528:3D Viewers 522:3D glasses 515:Presbyopia 447:sunglasses 437:Sunglasses 431:Sunglasses 392:See also: 358:GI glasses 340:drugstores 314:presbyopia 268:presbyopia 234:refraction 210:Corrective 188:3D glasses 164:Sunglasses 104:spectacles 100:eyeglasses 5487:Teashades 5435:Lorgnette 5425:Pince-nez 5369:Scrunchie 5349:Headpiece 5324:Hair drop 5309:Claw clip 5246:Balaclava 5132:Stahlhelm 4875:Tengkolok 4824:Mitznefet 4672:Fez (hat) 4630:Casquette 4477:Blindfold 4416:Ballistic 4350:Trifocals 4320:Pince-nez 4303:Lorgnette 4233:Types of 4184:23 August 4015:150204262 3775:20 August 3721:20 August 3690:20 August 3482:154878241 3356:1 January 1952:Pince-nez 1858:superhero 1843:geek chic 1823:Iron Chef 1743:cricketer 1653:counter. 1635:Luxottica 1521:pince-nez 1515:in 1825. 1307:hyperopia 1244:, by the 1179:Dominican 1138:Invention 982:Dominican 951:octagonal 945:, panto, 870:beryllium 850:or nylon) 828:polyamide 798:Materials 705:Glasses, 640:computers 568:3D movies 549:polarized 518:driving. 318:hyperopia 303:headaches 295:lensmeter 150:radiation 77:optometry 68:Specialty 5492:Wayfarer 5472:Mirrored 5430:Lensless 5395:Browline 5374:Shpitzel 5364:Peinetón 5354:Kerchief 5339:Headband 5329:Hair tie 5319:Dush-toh 5299:Barrette 5266:Facekini 5251:Earmuffs 5214:Football 5183:Hard hat 5062:Imperial 5057:Phrygian 4971:Imperial 4814:Campaign 4799:Bearskin 4792:Military 4773:Tricorne 4741:Sombrero 4726:Pork pie 4635:Chupalla 4590:Baseball 4551:Headwear 4499:Eyepatch 4398:Wayfarer 4383:Mirrored 4340:Shooting 4335:Scissors 4298:Lensless 4263:Browline 4258:Bifocals 4128: · 3933:and the 3618:CBS News 3593:CBS News 3178:Section 3122:13306950 3081:BBC News 2997:glasses. 2734:De Iride 2605:archived 2555:archived 2535:archived 2485:archived 2460:archived 2418:archived 2389:26375236 2321:archived 2212:10 April 2115:24 March 1978:See also 1868:, while 1862:Superman 1794:contacts 1781:deafness 1650:eye exam 1581:titanium 1558:silicone 1491:bifocals 1444:Sushruta 1405:zh:南都繁会图 1353:optician 1175:Florence 1085:De iride 1039:Ibn Sahl 1006:El Greco 992:in 1352. 925:trifocal 878:titanium 652:dry eyes 581:bioptics 557:shutters 378:aperture 326:trifocal 192:3D films 181:migraine 5529:Glasses 5462:Glacier 5457:Aviator 5445:Rimless 5440:Monocle 5415:Goggles 5405:Cat eye 5400:Bug-eye 5383:Eyewear 5359:Peineta 5334:Hairnet 5304:Bumpits 5256:Earplug 5209:Bicycle 5204:Batting 5188:Welding 5112:Dragoon 5077:Barbute 5042:Ilyrian 5020:Helmets 5003: ( 4986:Queen's 4951:Eastern 4941:Coronet 4931:Corolla 4926:Consort 4916:Circlet 4911:Chaplet 4858:Wrapped 4783:Ushanka 4778:Trucker 4731:Salakot 4721:Pillbox 4699:Homburg 4687:Newsboy 4682:Coppola 4650:Cricket 4578:General 4494:Contact 4487:Blinker 4482:Blinder 4461:Welding 4451:Swedish 4436:Foggles 4426:Doggles 4408:Goggles 4393:Shutter 4378:Aviator 4355:Windsor 4330:Rimless 4325:Pinhole 4315:Monocle 4288:Groucho 4278:Chicken 4273:Cat eye 4268:Bug-eye 4244:glasses 4235:eyewear 4158:15 June 4115: ( 4086:minutes 3975:26 June 3949:26 June 3944:YouTube 3822:Eyewear 3747:11 July 3658:22 July 3375:, Zeiss 3298:4927695 3289:1208150 2838:28 June 2810:9574655 2380:4560556 1947:Monocle 1932:Goggles 1837:during 1677:Fashion 1338:convent 1330:riveted 1255:–1430 ( 1221:letters 1043:Alhazen 1029:Ptolemy 961:History 921:Bifocal 790:springy 648:tablets 595:goggles 477:. Many 416:welding 398:Goggles 322:bifocal 230:skyline 111:eyewear 96:Glasses 42:Glasses 5467:Iggaak 5224:Racing 5152:Flight 5127:Brodie 5122:Adrian 5107:Kabuto 5092:Sallet 5087:Morion 5029:Combat 5005:laurel 5001:Wreath 4976:Makuṭa 4961:Fillet 4946:Diadem 4906:Astral 4895:Crowns 4880:Turban 4865:Do-rag 4834:Sailor 4829:Peaked 4819:Forage 4804:Boonie 4736:Salako 4694:Gandhi 4665:Trilby 4660:Fedora 4655:Easter 4645:Cowboy 4625:Buntal 4620:Bucket 4615:Bowler 4610:Bonnet 4605:Boater 4595:Beanie 4061: 4040: 4013: 3896: 3525:Forbes 3480: 3440: 3296: 3286: 3120: 3031: 2808: 2725: 2387: 2377: 2284:11 May 2186:3 July 2160:3 July 2135:3 July 2074:29 May 2049:retina 1897:Styles 1817:; and 1716:stigma 1617:Market 1537:" and 1483:myopia 1359:(then 1348:1400. 1319:myopia 1209:Murano 1205:Venice 1181:friar 1154:(1403) 1064:Optics 1034:Optics 955:square 934:myopic 927:, and 884:, and 866:alloys 836:Mykita 766:angle. 697:Frames 511:myopia 463:Light 388:Safety 285:of an 154:squash 115:lenses 108:vision 106:, are 5276:Scarf 5197:Sport 5082:Close 5072:Great 4996:Tiara 4991:State 4981:Naval 4899:bands 4839:Shako 4809:Busby 4766:Opera 4751:Straw 4716:Kofia 4600:Beret 4470:Other 4360:X-ray 4345:Smart 4308:Opera 4253:Belay 4242:(Eye) 4011:S2CID 3919:, BBC 3555:6 May 3530:6 May 3505:6 May 3478:S2CID 3246:3 May 3240:(PDF) 3233:(PDF) 3172:[ 3138:13–18 2926:(PDF) 2584:7 May 2068:(PDF) 2022:Notes 1569:laser 1550:Zeiss 1375:that 1346:circa 1342:Celle 1340:near 1315:aging 1213:guild 1128:Inuit 1124:China 1097:Italy 953:, or 939:round 882:monel 860:Metal 854:Nylon 720:Parts 638:from 479:blind 454:light 424:Nylon 202:Types 84:[ 5157:Mk 7 4966:Hoop 4921:Camp 4885:Veil 4870:Hood 4844:Side 4711:Knit 4677:Flat 4567:caps 4562:Hats 4446:Snow 4186:2010 4160:2009 4059:ISBN 4038:ISBN 3977:2012 3951:2012 3916:News 3894:ISBN 3804:2019 3777:2008 3749:2017 3723:2008 3692:2008 3660:2023 3630:2012 3557:2021 3532:2021 3507:2021 3438:ISBN 3407:2021 3381:2007 3358:2014 3294:PMID 3248:2014 3118:PMID 3088:2019 3060:2015 3029:ISBN 2938:2021 2876:2021 2840:2007 2806:PMID 2776:2007 2723:ISBN 2613:2007 2586:2014 2563:2020 2385:PMID 2286:2015 2257:2017 2214:2018 2188:2024 2162:2024 2137:2024 2117:2020 2076:2019 1762:and 1567:and 1548:and 1497:and 1485:and 1336:, a 1295:Alps 1171:Pisa 1146:The 943:oval 681:The 646:and 584:or 532:The 396:and 324:and 316:and 293:. 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Index