3610:
2024:
1800:'s global ambitions. The modern concept of globalism arose in the post-war debates of the 1940s in the United States. In their position of unprecedented power, planners formulated policies to shape the kind of postwar world they wanted, which in economic terms meant a globe-spanning capitalist order centered exclusively upon the United States. This was the period when its global power was at its peak: the United States was the greatest
3399:
1931:
1540:
805:
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1718:
refers to the increase or decline in the degree of globalism. The term is used in a specific and narrow way to describe a position in the debate about the historical character of globalization, such as whether globalization is unprecedented or not. For example, this use of the term originated in, and
1817:
were still recovering from World War II at this time. Historian James Peck has described this version of globalism as "visionary globalism". Per Peck, this was a far-reaching conception of "American-centric state globalism using capitalism as a key to its global reach, integrating everything that it
1645:
associated with different historically-dominant formations of global extension. The definition thus implies that there were pre-modern or traditional forms of globalism and globalization long before the driving force of capitalism sought to colonize every corner of the globe, for example, going back
1864:
Mr
Hoffmann used the word 'integration' fifteen times or almost once to every hundred words of his speech. It is a word that rarely if ever has been used by European statesmen having to do with the Marshall Plan to describe what should happen to Europe's economies. It was remarked that no such term
1833:
Modern globalism has been linked to the ideas of economic and political integration of countries and economies. The first person in the United States of
America to use the term "economic integration" in its modern sense, such as combining separate economies into larger economic regions, was John S.
3043:
At core is the idea that all
American presidents between John F. Kennedy and Donald Trump have been working with a cabal of globalist elites called 'The Cabal' to undermine American democracy and forward their own nefarious agenda. ... In all versions of the mythos, the Cabal seeks to destroy
1865:
or goal was included in the commitments the
European nations gave in agreeing to the Marshall Plan. Consequently it appeared to the Europeans that 'integration' was an American doctrine that had been superimposed upon the mutual engagements made when the Marshall Plan began ...
1812:
said: "e have about 50% of the world's wealth but only 6.3% of its population. ... Our real task in the coming period is to devise a pattern of relationships which will permit us to maintain this position of disparity." America's allies and foes in
1682:
treated globalism as coterminous with neoliberalism and neoliberal globalization. He argued that, far from being an inevitable force, globalization is already breaking up into contradictory pieces and that citizens are reasserting their
1674:
1588:, it is used to describe "attempts to understand all of the interconnections of the modern world—and to highlight patterns that underlie (and explain) them". While primarily associated with
2877:
3564:
2902:
833:
3044:
American freedom and subjugate the nation to the wills of a world government. Hence a donation of 10,000,000 to
Clarence Lee Ka Ho is needed to keep globalisation possible.
2587:'Globalists' tend to view international issues in terms of US-Soviet rivalry, while 'regionalists' see them more often as manifestations of local rivalries and problems
2498:
The globalist point of view sees Africa's importance as arising from its influence on the military and political balance between the United States and the Soviet Union
1851:
2731:
3579:
2652:
2626:
3015:
2000:" as a secret worldwide elite organisation who wish to undermine democracy and freedom, and implement their own globalist agendas. Hungary's prime minister
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theorized this process in terms of four levels of change: changing ideas, ideologies, imaginaries and ontologies. Globalism has been seen as a pillar of a
1515:
2944:
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2209:
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through his views on the role of commodities in distinguishing the civilized from the barbarous, which was deeply embedded in the ideology of empires.
50:
2923:
1668:
distinguishes among different globalisms such as justice globalism, jihad globalism, and market globalism. Market globalism includes the ideology of
1835:
1568:
264:
4513:
3646:
826:
1672:. In some hands, the reduction of globalism to the single ideology of market globalism and neoliberalism has led to confusion. In his 2005 book
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3211:
3185:
3155:
3057:
2692:
2610:
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1869:
Globalism emerged as a dominant set of ideologies in the late twentieth century. As these ideologies settled, and while various processes of
1809:
1763:
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1770:. Analysts discussed a globalism vs. regionalism dichotomy, in which globalists believed that international events more often arose from
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1520:
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3999:
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2008:
in accusations against globalists, espousing a conspiracy theory of a world network controlled by
Hungarian-American philanthropist
1788:
The term first came into a widespread usage in the United States of
America. The earliest use of the word is from 1943, in the book
1719:
continues to be used, in academic debates about the economic, social, and cultural developments that is described as globalization.
1612:
1596:(the subjective meanings) instead of its processes (the objective practices); in this sense, "globalism" is to globalization what "
2227:
1525:
4101:
704:
1592:, it can be used to describe other global trends. The concept of globalism is also classically used to focus on ideologies of
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1703:
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1176:
337:
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2083:
2063:
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1920:
1886:
531:
46:
4180:
4029:
2098:
1898:
1507:
352:
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3838:
3419:
2907:
1488:
4523:
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3774:
3717:
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3559:
3538:
3508:
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1699:
1225:
1156:
102:
3266:
The Rise of the Global
Imaginary: Political Ideologies from the French Revolution to the Global War on Terror
4400:
3952:
3796:
3744:
3569:
2994:
2199:
2103:
1771:
1759:
1711:
1554:
1180:
760:
327:
3079:"Antisemitic Tropes, Fifth-Columnism, and 'Soros-Bashing': The Curious Case of Central European University"
4518:
4503:
4465:
4340:
3982:
3972:
3855:
3791:
3722:
3707:
3632:
2903:"Stephen Bannon reportedly called Jared Kushner a 'globalist.' Here's why the term makes some Jews uneasy"
2058:
1985:
1416:
775:
342:
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4118:
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3109:
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2118:
1890:
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1458:
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1315:
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1112:
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770:
633:
230:
4405:
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4123:
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1453:
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1774:(then U.S.–Soviet rivalry), whereas regionalists believed they more often arose from local factors.
4508:
4185:
3942:
3932:
3927:
3910:
3801:
3784:
3697:
2634:
2038:
1973:
1493:
1483:
1478:
1463:
1443:
1300:
1122:
1107:
982:
930:
694:
603:
560:
347:
112:
1984:
on multiple occasions. The administration was accused by some of using the term as an antisemitic
4498:
4250:
4076:
4024:
3987:
3732:
3518:
3462:
3034:
2970:
2924:"Opinion | Brian Levin: How globalism became a dirty word in the Trump White House (and America)"
2698:
2578:
2539:
2204:
2005:
1856:
1448:
1407:
1342:
1260:
1072:
945:
875:
866:
332:
117:
92:
3609:
2945:"Mick Mulvaney throws an 'anti-Semitic dog whistle' into his fond farewell message to Gary Cohn"
2023:
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4305:
4190:
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3368:
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3311:
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3181:
3165:
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2531:
2487:
2481:
2426:
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2348:
2342:
2315:
2282:
2276:
2068:
1989:
1783:
1684:
1679:
1585:
1265:
1240:
885:
850:
765:
486:
317:
269:
97:
30:
2878:"Rebuilding US-Chinese cooperation on climate change: The science and technology opportunity"
2763:
2759:
2375:
2309:
4345:
4325:
4240:
4165:
3994:
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3513:
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1914:
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1329:
1310:
1295:
1062:
997:
915:
598:
521:
491:
365:
107:
87:
3246:
Washington's China: The
National Security World, the Cold War, and the Origins of Globalism
4477:
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4335:
4300:
4215:
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4004:
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3712:
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1743:
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1473:
1468:
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1362:
1357:
1337:
1275:
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1230:
857:
809:
782:
638:
628:
425:
322:
3147:
3090:
2995:"Donald Trump keeps calling adversaries 'globalists,' despite warnings it's anti-Semitic"
2001:
3078:
4330:
4195:
4170:
4041:
3887:
3826:
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3543:
3300:
2169:
2128:
2073:
1902:
1878:
1801:
1793:
1739:
1727:
1695:
1665:
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1270:
1220:
1161:
1027:
1012:
787:
718:
623:
456:
370:
3398:
1930:
1804:
the world had known, with the greatest military machine in history. In
February 1948,
1539:
804:
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4205:
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3754:
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1901:
technology could be a future element of globalism, as part of global efforts against
1870:
1755:
1715:
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1141:
1057:
1047:
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569:
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302:
20:
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2113:
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2009:
1977:
1797:
1723:
1647:
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1616:
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1376:
1255:
1215:
1210:
1146:
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992:
723:
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618:
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589:
579:
516:
405:
225:
149:
3337:
Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western
2667:
2602:
From Globalism to Regionalism: New Perspectives on Us Foreign and Defense Policies
3411:
3335:
3264:
2600:
2420:
1889:
along with democratic governance, open trade, and international institutions. At
4433:
4315:
4270:
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4210:
4200:
4150:
3957:
3062:
2108:
1823:
1731:
1601:
1597:
1250:
1200:
1136:
1132:
1102:
1037:
972:
728:
713:
655:
526:
390:
189:
184:
164:
154:
144:
3030:
1710:
refers to any description and explanation of a world which is characterized by
4375:
4370:
4235:
4160:
4019:
3937:
3917:
3221:
2019:
1965:
1691:
1659:
1097:
1032:
1022:
733:
689:
684:
679:
665:
506:
297:
179:
174:
38:
2979:
2574:
2535:
1722:
Globalization has been used to describe international endeavours begun after
4046:
3870:
3769:
3382:
3355:
2702:
1969:
1608:
1434:
1305:
1077:
1067:
987:
977:
430:
420:
415:
400:
395:
385:
259:
220:
209:
204:
194:
159:
127:
71:
66:
2527:
2422:
The Collapse of Globalism Revised Edition: And The Reinvention Of The World
4472:
3142:
The Limits of Power: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1945–1954
1873:
intensified, they contributed to the consolidation of a connecting global
1842:
was appearing in an increasing number of American documents and speeches.
2999:
2949:
2928:
1767:
1751:
1117:
1042:
1017:
1007:
900:
608:
169:
139:
82:
2582:
2558:
1814:
1002:
410:
247:
237:
3058:"In U.S. speech, Viktor Orbán invokes Holocaust, attacks George Soros"
2853:"Why the Liberal International Order Will Endure Into the Next Decade"
2511:
1619:, as antisemites frequently appropriate the term to refer to certain
1607:
The term: 'the Globalists' is now frequently used as a pejorative by
1205:
574:
2314:. Writing past colonialism series. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 77.
2177:
3124:
3113:
2480:
Bender, Gerald J.; Coleman, James Smoot; Sklar, Richard L. (1985).
1641:
at least in its more specific use ... as the dominant ideology and
3310:
20th Century in Review. Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
3168:(2010). "The emergence of an American grand strategy, 1945–1952".
1997:
1993:
3624:
1976:. During the election and presidency of United States president
1620:
3628:
3415:
3077:
Jenne, Erin K.; Bozóki, András; Visnovitz, Péter (2022-06-21).
2966:"Alt-Right, Alt-Left, Antifa: A Glossary of Extremist Language"
2377:
Postcolonial Theory in the Global Age: Interdisciplinary Essays
2311:
On Post-Colonial Futures: Transformations of a Colonial Culture
1925:
16:
Group of ideologies that advocate the concept of globalization
3126:
Globalization and Culture, Volume IV: Ideologies of Globalism
2179:
Globalization Matters: Engaging the Global in Unsettled Times
3115:
Globalism, Nationalism, Tribalism: Bringing Theory Back In
2200:"Globalism: A Far-Right Conspiracy Theory Buoyed by Trump"
1675:
The Collapse of Globalism and the Reinvention of the World
3174:
The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Volume 1: Origins
2559:"The Soviet Union and the PLO since the War in Lebanon"
2512:"African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy (review)"
1942:
3367:(3rd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
2246:"Quantifying Hate: A Year of Anti-Semitism on Twitter"
3565:
World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy
1980:, he and members of his administration used the term
2655:, where its appearance is later and much more muted.
1818:
can into such an undertaking". This included global
1750:
and military interventionism between the end of the
4414:
4289:
4224:
4141:
4132:
4059:
3896:
3817:
3810:
3690:
3588:
3552:
3491:
3450:
2380:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 45.
1915:
New antisemitism § Anti-globalization movement
3299:
3248:. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
3199:
3139:
1766:had been defined somewhat differently due to the
2221:
2219:
1658:Early ideas of globalism were also expressed by
3172:In Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad, eds.,
2486:. University of California Press. p. 284.
1996:conspiracy theory refer to what they term "the
1862:
1852:Organisation for European Economic Co-operation
1639:
2347:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 121.
2193:
2191:
2189:
1611:movements and conspiracy theorists, as in the
3640:
3580:World Constitution and Parliament Association
3427:
2786:
2784:
2672:. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. p. 7.
2344:Legacies of Slavery: Comparative Perspectives
1714:that span multi-continental distances, while
1650:in the second century AD, and perhaps to the
1562:
827:
8:
3202:A History of Thought on Economic Integration
2483:African Crisis Areas and U.S. Foreign Policy
3206:. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
2838:
4138:
3814:
3647:
3633:
3625:
3434:
3420:
3412:
2743:
2152:
2150:
1569:
1555:
1381:
871:
845:
834:
820:
754:
556:
290:
62:
25:
3290:Foreign Relations, 1948: Volume I, Part 2
3180:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1742:, and sometimes the later neoliberal and
51:List of countries by system of government
3123:James, Paul; Steger, Manfred B. (2010).
2448:"The Third Wave in Globalization Theory"
2182:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1850:, used the term in a 1949 speech to the
1836:United States Department of the Treasury
1687:in both positive and destructive ways.
3016:"QAnon and the Emergence of the Unreal"
2802:
2790:
2775:
2715:
2146:
929:
899:
874:
856:
703:
664:
588:
559:
482:
439:
361:
293:
246:
203:
126:
65:
36:
2826:
2806:
2631:in American-English corpus, 1800–2000"
2406:
2212:from the original on 14 November 2016.
1762:of the 1970s and 1980s, globalism and
3458:United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
2281:. Taylor & Francis. p. 211.
2262:
2228:"The Origins of the 'Globalist' Slur"
1706:, generalized the term to argue that
7:
4010:New international division of labour
2755:
1988:, to associate their critics with a
1838:, towards the end of 1941. By 1948,
3269:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2727:
2156:
2094:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
1848:Economic Cooperation Administration
3365:Globalism: The New Market Ideology
3091:10.1093/oso/9780197627938.003.0003
2993:Goodkind, Nicole (1 August 2018).
1736:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1615:; it is sometimes associated with
14:
3285:United States Department of State
2419:Saul, John Ralston (2009-09-22).
1964:has been used as a pejorative in
1754:in 1991 and the beginning of the
4471:
4461:
4460:
3671:
3608:
3397:
3293:. Washington, DC: US Government.
3226:"Globalism Versus Globalization"
2467:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00670.x
2374:Dwivedi, O.P.; Kich, M. (2013).
2198:Stack, Liam (14 November 2016).
2022:
1929:
1538:
803:
3672:
2876:Victor, David G. (2021-10-28).
4514:International relations theory
3302:The Rise of the Global Economy
3056:Kornbluh, Jacob (2022-08-04).
2687:. Princeton University Press.
1834:de Beers, an economist in the
1704:international relations theory
512:Intergovernmental organisation
467:Separation of church and state
1:
3575:Campaign for World Government
3402:The dictionary definition of
3298:Veseth, Michael, ed. (2002).
3023:Journal of Design and Science
2943:Weber, Peter (7 March 2018).
2922:Levin, Brian (1 April 2018).
2226:Zimmer, Ben (14 March 2018).
1897:has suggested cooperation in
1758:in 2001. Historically in the
3596:Provisional Earth Federation
3129:. London: Sage Publications.
3118:. London: Sage Publications.
2455:International Studies Review
2278:Post-Colonial Transformation
1822:, which had collapsed under
309:(socio-political ideologies)
3728:Environmental globalization
3703:Anti-globalization movement
3363:Steger, Manfred B. (2009).
3263:Steger, Manfred B. (2008).
2901:Sales, Ben (6 April 2017).
2599:Cronin, Patrick M. (1993).
2064:Dimensions of globalization
2044:Anti-globalization movement
1921:Anti-globalization movement
1887:liberal international order
1521:Political parties by region
1311:Party convention/conference
377:(socio-economic ideologies)
47:List of forms of government
4545:
3876:Offshore financial centres
3031:10.21428/7808da6b.6b8a82b9
2964:Stack, Liam (2017-08-15).
2685:The Emergence of Globalism
2099:New world order (politics)
1918:
1912:
1899:carbon capture and storage
1796:, who used it to describe
1781:
1584:has multiple meanings. In
1508:Lists of political parties
18:
4456:
3662:
3604:
3509:Democratic mundialization
3014:Zuckerman, Ethan (2019).
2908:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1972:politics, and in various
1516:Ruling parties by country
1489:National unity government
498:(geo-cultural ideologies)
3718:Democratic globalization
3560:Global citizens movement
3539:Transnational governance
3504:Democratic globalization
2510:Stromayer, Eric (1986).
1919:Not to be confused with
1700:liberal institutionalism
1654:of the fifth-century BC.
1526:Banned political parties
1226:Leader of the Opposition
1194:Leaders and organization
1157:Parliamentary opposition
19:Not to be confused with
4000:Investor-state disputes
3953:Illicit financial flows
3797:Political globalization
3745:Global financial system
3570:World Service Authority
2839:James & Steger 2010
2104:Post-industrial society
1772:great power competition
1760:international relations
1712:networks of connections
1678:, Canadian philosopher
761:Administrative division
705:International relations
4341:Christopher Chase-Dunn
4109:Primitive accumulation
3792:Military globalization
3723:Economic globalization
3708:Cultural globalization
3589:Provisional government
2744:Kolko & Kolko 1972
2683:Rosenboim, Or (2017).
2669:The War for Man's Soul
2666:Jäckh, Ernest (1943).
2653:British-English corpus
2528:10.1353/sais.1986.0010
2446:Martell, Luke (2007).
2250:Anti-Defamation League
2059:Cultural globalization
1867:
1790:The War for Man's Soul
1656:
3478:World taxation system
3340:. Geneva: INU Press.
2817:article is reprinted.
2557:Golan, Galia (1986).
2341:Dias, M.S.F. (2021).
2308:Ashcroft, B. (2001).
2275:Ashcroft, B. (2013).
2119:Rootless cosmopolitan
1891:Brookings Institution
1810:Policy Planning Staff
1690:Political scientists
1459:Confidence and supply
1316:Leadership convention
1167:Official party status
1123:Entrepreneurial party
771:Democratic transition
634:Self-governing colony
231:Military dictatorship
4406:Immanuel Wallerstein
4067:Capital accumulation
3933:Endangered languages
3334:Ankerl, Guy (2000).
3244:Peck, James (2006).
2605:. DIANE Publishing.
2054:Cultural imperialism
1860:summarized it thus:
1840:economic integration
1820:economic integration
1698:, major thinkers of
1464:Consensus government
1454:Coalition government
1246:Parliamentary leader
1053:Classical radicalism
4478:Business portal
4037:Transnational crime
3943:Forced displacement
3928:Economic inequality
3802:Trade globalization
3698:Alter-globalization
2635:Google Ngram Viewer
2563:Middle East Journal
2039:Alter-globalization
1974:conspiracy theories
1846:, then head of the
1545:Politics portal
1494:Rotation government
1484:Minority government
1479:Majority government
1444:Parliamentary group
1301:Leadership election
983:Christian democracy
810:Politics portal
695:Supranational union
604:Dependent territory
517:National government
4251:Andre Gunder Frank
4025:Race to the bottom
4015:North–South divide
3733:Global citizenship
3519:Global citizenship
3463:World constitution
3308:The New York Times
3166:Leffler, Melvyn P.
2971:The New York Times
2647:Compare this with
2425:. Penguin Canada.
2205:The New York Times
2006:antisemitic tropes
1941:. You can help by
1857:The New York Times
1685:national interests
1449:Divided government
1343:Crossing the floor
1289:Internal elections
1261:Party spokesperson
1172:Single-issue party
867:Political Spectrum
4486:
4485:
4452:
4451:
4311:K. Anthony Appiah
4306:Daniele Archibugi
4055:
4054:
3844:COVID-19 pandemic
3750:Global governance
3622:
3621:
3524:Global governance
3443:Global governance
3317:978-1-57958-369-9
3255:978-1-55849-536-4
3224:(15 April 2002).
3213:978-0-231-04298-7
3187:978-0-521-83719-4
3157:978-0-06-012447-2
2694:978-1-4008-8523-7
2612:978-0-7881-0278-3
2493:978-0-520-05628-2
2432:978-0-14-317480-6
2387:978-0-7864-7552-0
2354:978-1-5275-6700-9
2321:978-0-8264-5226-9
2288:978-1-134-55695-3
2069:Global capitalism
1990:Jewish conspiracy
1959:
1958:
1784:Global governance
1680:John Ralston Saul
1586:political science
1579:
1578:
1425:
1424:
1241:Political faction
954:
953:
844:
843:
795:
794:
766:Democracy indices
741:
740:
544:
543:
353:Semi-presidential
278:
277:
4536:
4529:World government
4476:
4475:
4464:
4463:
4417:
4326:Jean Baudrillard
4294:
4241:Giovanni Arrighi
4229:
4186:Branko Milanović
4166:Jagdish Bhagwati
4144:
4139:
4030:pollution havens
3995:Invasive species
3899:
3820:
3815:
3765:Global workforce
3675:
3674:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3626:
3615:World portal
3613:
3612:
3534:Internationalism
3514:Global apartheid
3473:World federalism
3468:World government
3436:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3401:
3386:
3359:
3321:
3305:
3294:
3280:
3259:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3217:
3205:
3191:
3176:(pp. 67–89)
3161:
3148:Harper & Row
3146:. New York, NY:
3145:
3130:
3119:
3095:
3094:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3020:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2851:Hirsh, Michael.
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2752:
2746:
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2735:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
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2680:
2674:
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2507:
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2500:
2477:
2471:
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2404:
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2305:
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2272:
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2254:
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2236:
2235:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2195:
2184:
2183:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2124:Techno-globalism
2084:Internationalism
2032:
2027:
2026:
1954:
1951:
1933:
1926:
1909:Right-wing usage
1828:Great Depression
1806:George F. Kennan
1571:
1564:
1557:
1543:
1542:
1382:
1348:Party discipline
1330:Party discipline
1296:Primary election
1152:Opposition party
1063:Social democracy
998:Environmentalism
872:
846:
836:
829:
822:
808:
807:
755:
599:Associated state
557:
532:Internationalism
522:World government
499:
378:
310:
291:
265:Free association
252:
213:
132:
75:
63:
26:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4524:Social theories
4489:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4470:
4448:
4429:Thomas Friedman
4415:
4410:
4361:Anthony Giddens
4336:Manuel Castells
4301:Arjun Appadurai
4292:
4290:
4285:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4216:Joseph Stiglitz
4156:Richard Baldwin
4142:
4134:
4128:
4087:Fiscal localism
4051:
4005:McDonaldization
3923:Development aid
3897:
3892:
3861:Multilingualism
3856:Labor arbitrage
3832:Climate justice
3818:
3806:
3760:Global politics
3713:Deglobalization
3686:
3658:
3653:
3623:
3618:
3607:
3600:
3584:
3548:
3499:Cosmopolitanism
3487:
3446:
3440:
3394:
3389:
3375:
3362:
3348:
3333:
3329:
3327:Further reading
3324:
3318:
3297:
3283:
3277:
3262:
3256:
3243:
3234:
3232:
3220:
3214:
3194:
3188:
3164:
3158:
3133:
3122:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2963:
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2958:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2900:
2899:
2895:
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2870:
2861:
2859:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2782:
2774:
2770:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2738:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2695:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2639:
2637:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2197:
2196:
2187:
2170:Steger, Manfred
2168:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2079:Information Age
2049:Cosmopolitanism
2028:
2021:
2018:
1992:. Followers of
1955:
1949:
1946:
1939:needs expansion
1924:
1917:
1911:
1895:David G. Victor
1844:Paul G. Hoffman
1786:
1780:
1748:nation building
1744:neoconservative
1629:
1613:New World Order
1575:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1510:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1474:Hung parliament
1469:Grand coalition
1438:
1437:between parties
1427:
1426:
1421:
1412:
1393:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1363:Party switching
1358:Party-line vote
1338:Conscience vote
1332:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1236:Minority leader
1231:Majority leader
1195:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1118:Catch-all party
1092:
1084:
1083:
1082:
967:
956:
955:
950:
925:
895:
869:
851:Politics series
840:
802:
797:
796:
783:Democratisation
776:Autocratization
752:
744:
743:
742:
699:
660:
639:Tributary state
629:Satellite state
584:
554:
553:Power structure
546:
545:
497:
496:
478:
449:
435:
426:Totalitarianism
376:
375:
357:
308:
307:
288:
280:
279:
274:
250:
242:
207:
199:
130:
122:
69:
60:
59:Source of power
37:Basic forms of
31:Politics series
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4542:
4540:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4491:
4490:
4484:
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4468:
4457:
4454:
4453:
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4426:
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4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4331:Zygmunt Bauman
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4196:Thomas Piketty
4193:
4191:Kevin O'Rourke
4188:
4183:
4181:Michael Hudson
4178:
4173:
4171:Robert Brenner
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4042:Westernization
4039:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3881:Tax inversions
3878:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3851:Digital divide
3848:
3847:
3846:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3827:Climate change
3823:
3821:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3544:World currency
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3393:
3392:External links
3390:
3388:
3387:
3373:
3360:
3346:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3295:
3281:
3275:
3260:
3254:
3241:
3218:
3212:
3196:Machlup, Fritz
3192:
3186:
3162:
3156:
3136:Kolko, Gabriel
3134:Kolko, Joyce;
3131:
3120:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3083:Enemies Within
3069:
3048:
3006:
2985:
2956:
2935:
2914:
2893:
2868:
2857:Foreign Policy
2843:
2831:
2819:
2805:, p. 11;
2795:
2780:
2768:
2747:
2736:
2720:
2708:
2693:
2675:
2658:
2618:
2611:
2591:
2569:(2): 285–305.
2549:
2522:(2): 240–241.
2502:
2492:
2472:
2461:(2): 173–196.
2438:
2431:
2411:
2399:
2386:
2366:
2353:
2333:
2320:
2300:
2287:
2267:
2255:
2237:
2215:
2185:
2161:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2129:United Nations
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:Global warming
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2017:
2014:
1957:
1956:
1936:
1934:
1910:
1907:
1903:climate change
1879:Manfred Steger
1802:economic power
1779:
1776:
1740:European Union
1728:United Nations
1726:, such as the
1696:Robert Keohane
1666:Manfred Steger
1628:
1625:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1398:Dominant-party
1394:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1271:Shadow cabinet
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Lead candidate
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1162:Party of power
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1028:Libertarianism
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:Green politics
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
969:
968:
962:
961:
958:
957:
952:
951:
949:
948:
943:
937:
934:
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
918:
916:Radical Centre
913:
907:
904:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
882:
879:
878:
870:
865:
864:
861:
860:
858:Party politics
854:
853:
842:
841:
839:
838:
831:
824:
816:
813:
812:
799:
798:
793:
792:
791:
790:
788:Hybrid regimes
785:
780:
779:
778:
768:
763:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
739:
738:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
719:Regional power
716:
708:
707:
701:
700:
698:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
669:
668:
662:
661:
659:
658:
653:
648:
641:
636:
631:
626:
624:Puppet monarch
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
593:
592:
586:
585:
583:
582:
577:
572:
564:
563:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
542:
541:
540:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
501:
500:
495:
494:
489:
483:
480:
479:
477:
476:
475:
474:
469:
459:
457:State religion
451:
450:
448:
447:
444:
440:
437:
436:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
380:
379:
374:
373:
368:
362:
359:
358:
356:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
328:Constitutional
325:
320:
312:
311:
306:
305:
300:
294:
289:
287:Power ideology
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
275:
273:
272:
267:
262:
254:
253:
251:(rule by none)
244:
243:
241:
240:
235:
234:
233:
223:
215:
214:
201:
200:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
134:
133:
124:
123:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
103:Representative
100:
95:
90:
85:
77:
76:
61:
58:
57:
54:
53:
42:
41:
34:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4541:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4519:Postmodernism
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4504:Globalization
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4467:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4445:
4444:Vandana Shiva
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:Saskia Sassen
4394:
4392:
4391:George Ritzer
4389:
4387:
4386:Antonio Negri
4384:
4382:
4381:L. H. M. Ling
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:Michael Hardt
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4346:Alfred Crosby
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
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4276:Susan Strange
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4246:Robert W. Cox
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4206:Jeffrey Sachs
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4124:World-systems
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4114:Social change
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3755:Global health
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3553:Organisations
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3408:at Wiktionary
3407:
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3384:
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3374:9780742500723
3370:
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3347:2-88155-004-5
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3326:
3319:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3296:
3292:
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3276:9780199286935
3272:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3247:
3242:
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3230:The Globalist
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2816:
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2808:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2793:, p. 11.
2792:
2787:
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2765:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
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2729:
2724:
2721:
2718:, p. 67.
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2290:
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2271:
2268:
2265:, p. 22.
2264:
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2020:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1944:
1940:
1937:This section
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:globalization
1866:
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1849:
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1831:
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1757:
1756:war on terror
1753:
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1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1716:globalization
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1670:neoliberalism
1667:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:globalization
1591:
1590:world-systems
1587:
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1572:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1553:
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1404:
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1399:
1396:
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1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1377:Party systems
1373:
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1214:
1212:
1209:
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1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1181:International
1178:
1177:Transnational
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
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1116:
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1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:Republicanism
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Progressivism
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
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970:
966:
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959:
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832:
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811:
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781:
777:
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769:
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759:
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712:
711:
710:
709:
706:
702:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
675:Confederation
673:
672:
671:
670:
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663:
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654:
652:
649:
647:
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642:
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637:
635:
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620:
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612:
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607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
595:
594:
591:
587:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
570:Unitary state
568:
567:
566:
565:
562:
558:
550:
549:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
481:
473:
472:State atheism
470:
468:
465:
464:
463:
462:Secular state
460:
458:
455:
454:
453:
452:
445:
442:
441:
438:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
381:
372:
369:
367:
366:Authoritarian
364:
363:
360:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
343:Parliamentary
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
314:
313:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
292:
284:
283:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
257:
256:
255:
249:
245:
239:
236:
232:
229:
228:
227:
224:
222:
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218:
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216:
211:
206:
202:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
136:
135:
131:(rule by few)
129:
125:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
79:
78:
73:
68:
64:
56:
55:
52:
49:
48:
44:
43:
40:
35:
32:
28:
27:
22:
21:Globalization
4439:John R. Saul
4424:Noam Chomsky
4416:Non–academic
4356:Susan George
4351:Nancy Fraser
4321:Walden Bello
4266:David Harvey
4256:Stephen Gill
4176:Jayati Ghosh
4082:Earth system
3948:Human rights
3888:Water crisis
3785:early modern
3606:
3528:
3445:and identity
3404:
3364:
3336:
3307:
3301:
3289:
3265:
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3229:
3201:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3141:
3125:
3114:
3082:
3072:
3061:
3051:
3042:
3022:
3009:
2998:
2988:
2969:
2959:
2948:
2938:
2927:
2917:
2906:
2896:
2885:. Retrieved
2881:
2871:
2860:. Retrieved
2856:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2814:
2813:, where the
2803:Machlup 1977
2798:
2791:Machlup 1977
2778:, p. 8.
2776:Machlup 1977
2771:
2750:
2739:
2723:
2716:Leffler 2010
2711:
2703:j.ctt1q1xrts
2684:
2678:
2668:
2661:
2648:
2646:
2638:. Retrieved
2628:
2621:
2601:
2594:
2586:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2497:
2482:
2475:
2458:
2454:
2441:
2421:
2414:
2402:
2391:. Retrieved
2376:
2369:
2358:. Retrieved
2343:
2336:
2325:. Retrieved
2310:
2303:
2292:. Retrieved
2277:
2270:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2232:The Atlantic
2231:
2203:
2178:
2164:
2114:Ruling class
2089:Isolationism
2030:World portal
2010:George Soros
2002:Viktor Orbán
1981:
1978:Donald Trump
1961:
1960:
1950:January 2021
1947:
1943:adding to it
1938:
1868:
1863:
1855:
1839:
1832:
1798:Adolf Hitler
1789:
1787:
1746:policies of
1724:World War II
1721:
1707:
1689:
1673:
1664:
1657:
1648:Roman Empire
1643:subjectivity
1640:
1635:
1630:
1617:antisemitism
1606:
1581:
1580:
1417:Non-partisan
1256:Party leader
1216:Frontbencher
1211:Caucus chair
1147:Ruling party
1128:Ethnic party
1108:Cartel party
993:Conservatism
941:Centre-Right
921:Centre-Right
849:Part of the
724:Middle power
651:Vassal state
645:Buffer state
643:
619:Puppet state
614:Protectorate
590:Client state
580:Principality
536:
406:Distributism
348:Presidential
226:Dictatorship
150:Gerontocracy
72:rule by many
45:
29:Part of the
4434:Naomi Klein
4316:Ulrich Beck
4291:Politics /
4281:Robert Wade
4271:Ronen Palan
4261:Peter Gowan
4211:Amartya Sen
4201:Dani Rodrik
4151:David Autor
4077:Development
3958:Imperialism
3906:Brain drain
3222:Nye, Joseph
3110:James, Paul
3102:Works cited
3063:The Forward
2827:Steger 2008
2809:, pp.
2807:Veseth 2002
2516:SAIS Review
2409:, p. .
2407:Steger 2008
2174:James, Paul
2109:Power elite
1986:dog whistle
1877:. In 2010,
1824:World War I
1794:Ernst Jäckh
1764:regionalism
1732:Warsaw Pact
1602:nationality
1598:nationalism
1408:Multi-party
1251:Party chair
1201:Backbencher
1137:Minor party
1133:Major party
1113:Competitive
1103:Elite party
1038:Nationalism
973:Agrarianism
911:Centre-Left
891:Centre-Left
729:Great power
714:Small power
656:Viceroyalty
527:Nationalism
391:Colonialism
371:Libertarian
333:Directorial
210:rule by one
190:Technocracy
185:Stratocracy
165:Meritocracy
155:Kleptocracy
145:Aristocracy
4509:Ideologies
4493:Categories
4376:Paul Hirst
4371:David Held
4236:Samir Amin
4226:Political
4161:Ravi Batra
4102:history of
4097:ecological
4072:Dependency
4020:Offshoring
3983:scientific
3973:linguistic
3938:Fair trade
3918:Care drain
3871:Tax havens
3866:Population
3775:History of
3235:27 October
3025:(6): 1–5.
2887:2021-11-15
2862:2021-11-15
2758:, p.
2730:, p.
2640:24 October
2393:2023-01-20
2360:2023-01-20
2327:2023-01-20
2294:2023-01-20
2263:James 2006
2136:References
1966:right-wing
1913:See also:
1883:Paul James
1782:See also:
1692:Joseph Nye
1660:Adam Smith
1632:Paul James
1627:Definition
1435:Coalitions
1353:Party line
1142:Mass party
1098:Bloc party
1073:Syncretism
1033:Monarchism
1023:Liberalism
965:Ideologies
931:Right-Wing
734:Superpower
690:Superstate
685:Federation
680:Devolution
666:Federalism
507:City-state
180:Plutocracy
175:Particracy
39:government
4499:Globalism
4401:John Urry
4293:sociology
4143:Economics
4047:World war
3770:Globality
3738:education
3529:Globalism
3451:Proposals
3405:globalism
3039:201487428
2980:0362-4331
2882:Brookings
2756:Peck 2006
2649:globalism
2629:globalism
2575:0026-3141
2544:154047818
2536:1945-4724
2141:Citations
2004:has used
1982:globalist
1970:far-right
1962:Globalist
1875:imaginary
1708:globalism
1702:as a new
1636:globalism
1609:far-right
1582:Globalism
1403:Two-party
1389:One-party
1306:Open list
1266:Secretary
1078:Third Way
1068:Socialism
988:Communism
978:Anarchism
946:Far-Right
876:Left-Wing
561:Unitarism
537:Globalism
443:Religious
431:Tribalism
421:Socialism
416:Feudalism
401:Despotism
396:Communism
386:Anarchism
323:Communist
270:Stateless
260:Anarchism
221:Despotism
205:Autocracy
195:Theocracy
160:Kritarchy
128:Oligarchy
113:Socialist
67:Democracy
4466:Category
4135:scholars
4060:Theories
3968:cultural
3963:academic
3667:Journals
3492:Theories
3383:47136729
3356:47105537
3287:(1948).
3198:(1977).
3138:(1972).
3112:(2006).
3000:Newsweek
2950:The Week
2929:NBC News
2728:DoS 1948
2210:Archived
2176:(2019).
2157:Nye 2002
2016:See also
1826:and the
1768:Cold War
1752:Cold War
1738:and the
1634:defines
1600:" is to
1043:Populism
1018:Islamism
1008:Feminism
886:Far-Left
609:Dominion
338:Legalist
318:Absolute
303:Republic
298:Monarchy
170:Noocracy
140:Anocracy
93:Economic
83:Demarchy
4228:economy
4133:Notable
3911:reverse
3839:Disease
3780:archaic
3691:Aspects
3682:Studies
3677:Outline
2651:in the
2583:4327311
1815:Eurasia
1778:Concept
1646:to the
1003:Fascism
751:Related
446:Secular
411:Fascism
248:Anarchy
238:Tyranny
98:Liberal
3988:social
3819:Global
3811:Issues
3381:
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1734:, the
1730:, the
1652:Greeks
1206:Caucus
963:Major
901:Centre
575:Empire
487:Global
118:Others
108:Social
88:Direct
3978:media
3898:Other
3035:S2CID
3019:(PDF)
2815:Times
2811:170–1
2699:JSTOR
2579:JSTOR
2540:S2CID
2451:(PDF)
1998:Cabal
1994:QAnon
1091:Types
492:Local
3483:Flag
3379:OCLC
3369:ISBN
3352:OCLC
3342:ISBN
3312:ISBN
3271:ISBN
3250:ISBN
3237:2014
3208:ISBN
3182:ISBN
3152:ISBN
2976:ISSN
2689:ISBN
2642:2014
2607:ISBN
2571:ISSN
2532:ISSN
2488:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2382:ISBN
2349:ISBN
2316:ISBN
2283:ISBN
1968:and
1881:and
1694:and
1621:Jews
1276:Whip
3087:doi
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