379:. According to McKinney, neurotheology sources the basis of religious inquiry in relatively recent developmental neurophysiology. According to McKinney's theory, pre-frontal development, in humans, creates an illusion of chronological time as a fundamental part of normal adult cognition past the age of three. The inability of the adult brain to retrieve earlier images experienced by an infantile brain creates questions such as "where did I come from" and "where does it all go", which McKinney suggests led to the creation of various religious explanations. The experience of death as a peaceful regression into timelessness as the brain dies won praise from readers as varied as writer
597:(GSR), which correlates with emotional arousal, to determine whether the hyperreligiosity seen in TLE was due to an overall heightened emotional state or was specific to religious stimuli. Ramachandran presented two subjects with neutral, sexually arousing and religious words while measuring GSR. Ramachandran was able to show that patients with TLE showed enhanced emotional responses to the religious words, diminished responses to the sexually charged words, and normal responses to the neutral words. This study was presented as an abstract at a neuroscience conference and referenced in Ramachandran's book,
155:
2814:
93:
52:
2826:
815:
2372:
536:
Persinger's experiments double-blinded, and concluded that the presence or absence of the magnetic field had no relationship with any religious or spiritual experience reported by the participants, but was predicted entirely by their suggestibility and personality traits. Following the publication of
823:
419:
and not-self," says
Newberg. With no information from the senses arriving, the left orientation area cannot find any boundary between the self and the world. As a result, the brain seems to have no choice but "to perceive the self as endless and intimately interwoven with everyone and everything."
663:
activation preceded peak spiritual feelings by 1–3 s and was replicated in four separate tasks. ... The association of abstract ideas and brain reward circuitry may interact with frontal attentional and emotive salience processing, suggesting a mechanism whereby doctrinal concepts may come to be
541:
dispute this. One published attempt to create a "haunted room" using environmental "complex" electromagnetic fields based on
Persinger's theoretical and experimental work did not produce the sensation of a "sensed presence" and found that reports of unusual experiences were uncorrelated with the
626:
nuns, has purported to show that religious and spiritual experiences include several brain regions and not a single 'God spot'. As
Beauregard has said, "There is no God spot in the brain. Spiritual experiences are complex, like intense experiences with other human beings." The neuroimaging was
288:
that describes the scientific study of the neural correlates of religious or spiritual beliefs, experiences and practices. Other researchers prefer to use terms like "spiritual neuroscience" or "neuroscience of religion". Researchers in the field attempt to explain the neurological basis for
374:
In an attempt to focus and clarify what was a growing interest in this field, in 1994 educator and businessman
Laurence O. McKinney published the first book on the subject, titled "Neurotheology: Virtual Religion in the 21st Century", written for a popular audience but also promoted in the
1311:
Larsson, M.; Larhammarb, D.; Fredrikson, M.; Granqvist, P. (2005). "Reply to M.A. Persinger and S. A. Koren's response to
Granqvist et al. "Sensed presence and mystical experiences are predicted by suggestibility, not by the application of transcranial weak magnetic fields"".
1564:
Murphy claims his devices are able to modulate emotional states in addition to enhancing meditation and generating altered states. In flat contradiction of this claim, Gendle & McGrath (2012) found no significant difference in emotional state whether the device was on or
546:
reports of unusual experiences were instead predicted by the personality characteristics and suggestibility of participants. One experiment with a commercial version of the God helmet found no difference in response to graphic images whether the device was on or off.
967:
631:
past mystical states, not while actually undergoing them; "subjects were asked to remember and relive (eyes closed) the most intense mystical experience ever felt in their lives as a member of the
Carmelite Order." A 2011 study by researchers at the
398:
and others "discovered is that intensely focused spiritual contemplation triggers an alteration in the activity of the brain that leads one to perceive transcendent religious experiences as solid, tangible reality. In other words, the sensation that
1244:
Granqvist, P; Fredrikson, M; Unge, P; Hagenfeldt, A; Valind, S; Larhammar, D; Larsson, M (2005). "Sensed presence and mystical experiences are predicted by suggestibility, not by the application of transcranial weak complex magnetic fields".
523:
would be transmitted to subjects by unconscious cues. The participants were frequently given an idea of the purpose of the study by being asked to fill in questionnaires designed to test their suggestibility to
1401:
Persinger, Michael; et al. (2005). "A response to
Granqvist et al. 'Sensed presence and mystical experiences are predicted by suggestibility, not by the application of transcranial weak magnetic fields'".
1366:
Richards, P M; Persinger, M A; Koren, S A (1993). "Modification of activation and evaluation properties of narratives by weak complex magnetic field patterns that simulate limbic burst firing".
1943:
Griffiths, R R; Richards, W A; McCann, U; Jesse, R (2006). "Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance".
1539:
780:
1639:
1848:"Research Methods in the Psychology of Religion", in Handbook of the Psychology of Religion And Spirituality, ed. by Raymond F. Paloutzian and Crystal L. Park
2734:
420:"The right orientation area, equally bereft of sensory data, defaults to a feeling of infinite space. The meditators feel that they have touched infinity."
65:
1093:
Atem des Lebens: Die moderne
Neurologie und die Frage nach Gott. (Modern neurology and the question of God) Vol 1: Das Gehirn. Vol. 2: Die Seele
2206:
1551:
792:
2125:
2106:
2081:
2070:
1855:
1830:
1495:
Gendle, M. H.; McGrath, M. G. (2012). "Can the 8-coil shakti alter subjective emotional experience? A randomized, placebo-controlled study".
1105:
1036:
1000:
881:
619:
1896:"Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later"
975:
411:
area requires sensory input to do its calculus. "If you block sensory inputs to this region, as you do during the intense concentration of
1623:
942:
906:
854:
450:
founded a
Religious Experience Research Centre (RERC) at Oxford after retiring from his post as Linacre Professor of Zoology. Citing
2714:
2051:
2032:
729:
572:
212:
194:
136:
79:
1990:
1201:
Persinger, M. A. (2003). "The Sensed
Presence Within Experimental Settings: Implications for the Male and Female Concept of Self".
1347:
Tinoca, Carlos A; Ortiz, João PL (2014). "Magnetic Stimulation of the Temporal Cortex: A Partial "God Helmet" Replication Study".
2857:
1645:
1289:
533:
330:
2175:
656:
633:
388:
320:
103:
2164:
2862:
2555:
2159:
1774:
1158:
Persinger, M A (1983). "Religious and mystical experiences as artifacts of temporal lobe function: a general hypothesis".
714:
500:" and reported that many of his subjects claimed to experience a "sensed presence" during stimulation. This work has been
71:
2709:
1447:"The "Haunt" project: An attempt to build a "haunted" room by manipulating complex electromagnetic fields and infrasound"
435:
and a reinterpretation of religion (Modern Neurology and the Question of God) based on current neuroscientific research.
2530:
438:
However, it has also been argued "that neurotheology should be conceived and practiced within a theological framework."
2749:
362:
context or a philosophical context. Some of these uses, according to the mainstream scientific community, qualify as
2276:
2199:
724:
640:
atrophy is associated with older adults who report life-changing religious experiences, as well as those who are "
2744:
2719:
2588:
590:
2658:
2583:
2490:
2395:
2291:
734:
641:
165:
118:
470:(2011) that the RERC later dispersed as investigators turned to newer techniques of scientific investigation.
2830:
2520:
2231:
2226:
169:
114:
2852:
2515:
2505:
2415:
2296:
2251:
1768:
Ferguson, M. A.; Nielsen, J. A.; King, J. B.; Dai, L.; Giangrasso, D. M.; Holman, R.; et al. (2018).
677:
615:
594:
556:
254:
2818:
2578:
2573:
2380:
2271:
2192:
1872:
1613:
685:
599:
350:
269:
2097:
Roberts, Thomas B. (2006). "Chemical Input — Religious Output: Entheogens". In McNamara, Robert (ed.).
1666:
Beauregard, Mario (25 September 2006). "Neural correlates of a mystical experience in Carmelite nuns".
1020:
934:
1121:
Apfalter, Wilfried (May 2009). "Neurotheology: What Can We Expect from a (Future) Catholic Version?".
2799:
2550:
2390:
2361:
2256:
1722:
1123:
1066:
673:
501:
408:
355:
238:
1770:"Reward, salience, and attentional networks are activated by religious experience in devout Mormons"
1446:
2693:
2593:
2470:
2440:
2425:
1577:
Waxman, S. G.; Geschwind, N. (1975). "The interictal behavior syndrome of temporal lobe epilepsy".
709:
689:
314:
2089:
688:. It has also been suggested that stimulation of the temporal lobe by psychoactive ingredients of
2769:
2663:
2603:
2326:
2306:
1968:
1691:
1520:
1477:
1427:
1329:
1270:
1226:
1183:
1140:
719:
584:
576:
676:
arises in neurological physiology. Speculative suggestions have been made that an increase of
272:
traditionally categorized as spiritual or religious. The field has formed the basis of several
2688:
2623:
2598:
2450:
2410:
2141:
2121:
2102:
2066:
2047:
2028:
1960:
1925:
1851:
1826:
1801:
1750:
1683:
1619:
1594:
1512:
1469:
1419:
1383:
1262:
1218:
1175:
1101:
1032:
1016:
996:
971:
938:
902:
899:
Zen-Brain Reflections: Reviewing Recent Developments in Meditation and States of Consciousness
877:
871:
850:
660:
652:
520:
485:
395:
926:
563:, who noted a set of religious behavioral traits associated with TLE seizures. These include
2729:
2613:
2540:
2455:
2336:
2286:
2014:
1952:
1915:
1907:
1791:
1783:
1740:
1730:
1675:
1586:
1504:
1461:
1411:
1375:
1321:
1254:
1210:
1167:
1132:
1087:
1028:
922:
758:
611:
568:
560:
516:
512:
424:
380:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2668:
2608:
2545:
2460:
2420:
2405:
2356:
2346:
2301:
2009:
1091:
762:
463:
273:
1590:
2000:
1726:
2754:
2724:
2653:
2628:
2618:
2465:
2445:
2435:
2321:
2241:
1920:
1895:
1796:
1745:
1710:
493:
489:
302:
176:
1769:
847:
The "God" Part of the Brain: A Scientific Interpretation of Human Spirituality and God
504:, though some researchers have published a replication of one God Helmet experiment.
2846:
2678:
2673:
2638:
2535:
2525:
2485:
2331:
2266:
2261:
1820:
1144:
1097:
1052:
451:
447:
363:
341:
38:
1695:
1524:
1508:
1431:
1333:
1297:
1274:
1230:
1056:
2764:
2759:
2643:
2475:
2400:
2351:
2341:
2316:
2311:
2281:
2215:
1972:
1481:
681:
564:
308:
265:
261:
250:
242:
1787:
1709:
Owen, A. D.; Hayward, R. D.; Koenig, H. G.; Steffens, D. C.; Payne, M. E. (2011).
1187:
555:
The first researcher to note and catalog the abnormal experiences associated with
1735:
1679:
1465:
1415:
1325:
1258:
2633:
2480:
1171:
637:
604:
2118:
Sacred or Neural? The Potential of Neuroscience to Explain Religious Experience
2794:
2495:
1956:
1379:
1214:
1136:
697:
693:
623:
525:
497:
479:
412:
384:
1911:
2739:
2430:
963:
285:
1964:
1929:
1805:
1754:
1687:
1516:
1473:
1423:
1266:
1222:
1598:
1387:
1179:
873:
Zen and the Brain: Toward an Understanding of Meditation and Consciousness
2648:
2003:
on 2 December 2005 – via Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics.
1995:
1061:
664:
intrinsically rewarding and motivate behavior in religious individuals."
580:
519:
who knew what sort of results to expect, and there was the risk that the
459:
400:
325:
2153:
651:)... devotional practice was reproducibly associated with activation in
593:
explored the neural basis of the hyperreligiosity seen in TLE using the
17:
1894:
Griffiths, Rr; Richards, Wa; Johnson, Mw; McCann, Ud; Jesse, R (2008).
359:
31:
647:
A 2016 study using fMRI found "a recognizable feeling central to ... (
2179:
648:
246:
121:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2371:
1991:"Your Brain on Religion: Mystic visions or brain circuits at work?"
672:
Some scientists working in the field hypothesize that the basis of
253:
and hypotheses to explain these phenomena. This contrasts with the
2099:
Where God and Science Meet: The Psychology of Religious Experience
1445:
French, C. C.; Haque, U.; Bunton-Stasyshyn, R.; Davis, R. (2009).
542:
presence or absence of these fields. As in the study by Granqvist
27:
Attempts to explain religious experience in neuroscientific terms
1641:
Harper Collins Publishers Author Interview with mario Beauregard
753:
Biello, David (October 2007). "Searching for God in the Brain".
432:
416:
298:
294:
2188:
2184:
466:
before his death in 1985. His successor David Hay suggested in
2170:
2148:
2044:
The Mystical Mind: Probing the Biology of Religious Experience
1025:
Why God Won't Go Away. Brain Science and the Biology of Belief
931:
On Being Certain. Believing You Are Right Even When You're Not
428:
427:
developed a two-volume critique of traditional conceptions of
148:
86:
45:
415:, you prevent the brain from forming the distinction between
358:
and spirituality. The term is also sometimes used in a less
260:
Supporters of the neuroscience of religion say there is a
1711:"Religious factors and hippocampal atrophy in late life"
1203:
The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied
528:
experiences before the trials were conducted. Granqvist
2166:
The Science Of Spirituality: Is This Your Brain On God?
644:, Catholics, and those with no religious affiliation".
496:
using an apparatus that popularly became known as the "
354:. The discipline studies the cognitive neuroscience of
110:
30:"God spot" redirects here. For the stage lighting, see
583:, often collectively ascribed to a condition known as
458:(1902), he set out to collect first-hand accounts of
366:. Huxley used it mainly in a philosophical context.
2702:
2564:
2504:
2379:
2240:
1349:
Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research
1290:"Electrical brainstorms busted as source of ghosts"
993:
Neurotheology: Virtual Religion in the 21st Century
2101:. Vol. 3. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
257:which studies mental, rather than neural states.
696:has found laboratory validation with respect to
1846:Hood, Ralph W. and Jacob A. Belzen Jr. (2005).
774:
772:
2200:
8:
2735:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
1100:: Patmos Verlag. Vol. 1: 864, Vol. 2: 1072.
757:. Vol. 18, no. 5. pp. 38–45.
80:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2207:
2193:
2185:
391:and sparked a new interest in the field.
245:terms. It is the study of correlations of
2065:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1919:
1795:
1744:
1734:
1368:The International Journal of Neuroscience
249:phenomena with subjective experiences of
213:Learn how and when to remove this message
195:Learn how and when to remove this message
179:so that sources are clearly identifiable.
137:Learn how and when to remove this message
2063:The Neuroscience of Religious Experience
1850:. New York: Guilford Press. p. 64.
468:God's Biologist: A Life of Alister Hardy
348:for the first time in the utopian novel
2120:. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
745:
995:. American Institute for Mindfulness.
627:conducted when the nuns were asked to
511:claimed that Persinger's work was not
1825:. Inner Traditions Bear and Company.
763:10.1038/scientificamericanmind1007-38
456:The Varieties of Religious Experience
7:
2825:
1591:10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760300118011
1644:, HarperCollins.com, archived from
1288:Khamsi, Roxanne (9 December 2004).
692:mimics religious experiences. This
659:, and frontal attentional regions.
1873:"Magic mushrooms hit the God spot"
816:"Are humans hard-wired for faith?"
814:Gajilan, A. Chris (5 April 2007).
25:
2715:Development of the nervous system
2082:"Neurotheology: With God in Mind"
730:Scholarly approaches to mysticism
462:experiences. He was awarded the
61:This article has multiple issues.
2824:
2813:
2812:
2370:
1951:(3): 268–83, discussion 284–92.
1871:Skatssoon, Judy (12 July 2006).
551:Neuropsychology and neuroimaging
423:The radical Catholic theologian
289:religious experiences, such as:
177:add missing citation information
153:
91:
50:
2046:. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
2025:The Psychology of Transcendence
1509:10.2466/02.24.pms.114.1.217-235
603:, which was not published as a
331:Altered states of consciousness
69:or discuss these issues on the
2008:Hitt, Jack (1 November 1999).
1538:Aaen-Stockdale, Craig (2012).
991:McKinney, Laurence O. (1994).
779:Aaen-Stockdale, Craig (2012).
657:ventromedial prefrontal cortex
634:Duke University Medical Center
492:of human subjects with a weak
1:
2556:Social cognitive neuroscience
2160:National Film Board of Canada
1989:Begley, Sharon (7 May 2001).
1900:Journal of Psychopharmacology
1788:10.1080/17470919.2016.1257437
715:Cognitive science of religion
2531:Molecular cellular cognition
2116:Runehov, Anne L. C. (2007).
1736:10.1371/journal.pone.0017006
1680:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.060
1550:(7): 520–523. Archived from
1466:10.1016/j.cortex.2007.10.011
1416:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.060
1326:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.059
1259:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.057
791:(7): 520–523. Archived from
474:Magnetic stimulation studies
2750:Neurodevelopmental disorder
2725:Neural network (biological)
2720:Neural network (artificial)
2042:Newberg, Andrew B. (1999).
2010:"This Is Your Brain on God"
1822:DMT: The Spiritual Molecule
1540:"Neuroscience for the Soul"
1497:Perceptual and Motor Skills
1172:10.2466/pms.1983.57.3f.1255
1160:Perceptual and Motor Skills
781:"Neuroscience for the Soul"
521:experimenters' expectations
446:In 1969, British biologist
117:the claims made and adding
2879:
2277:Computational neuroscience
2061:McNamara, Patrick (2009).
725:Religion and schizophrenia
515:. Participants were often
477:
36:
29:
2808:
2745:Neurodegenerative disease
2589:Evolutionary neuroscience
2368:
2222:
2080:Powell, Victoria (2007).
1957:10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5
1612:Ramachandran, V. (1998).
1380:10.3109/00207459309000594
1215:10.1080/00223980309600595
1137:10.1080/14746700902796528
897:Austin, James H. (2006).
870:Austin, James H. (1998).
591:Vilayanur S. Ramachandran
405:oneness with the universe
315:Oneness with the universe
2710:Brain–computer interface
2659:Neuromorphic engineering
2584:Educational neuroscience
2491:Nutritional neuroscience
2396:Clinical neurophysiology
2292:Integrative neuroscience
1912:10.1177/0269881108094300
1057:"Religion and the Brain"
966:: Smriti Books. p.
735:Transpersonal psychology
227:neuroscience of religion
37:Not to be confused with
2858:Behavioral neuroscience
2521:Behavioral neuroscience
2027:(2nd ed.). Dover.
1023:; Rause, Vince (2002).
845:Alper, Matthew (2008).
573:reduced sexual interest
2516:Affective neuroscience
2297:Molecular neuroscience
2252:Behavioral epigenetics
2023:Neher, Andrew (1990).
1819:Strassman, R. (2001).
678:N,N-dimethyltryptamine
642:born-again Protestants
616:University of Montreal
595:galvanic skin response
559:(TLE) was neurologist
557:temporal lobe epilepsy
537:this study, Persinger
270:subjective experiences
255:psychology of religion
237:, attempts to explain
235:spiritual neuroscience
2579:Cultural neuroscience
2574:Consumer neuroscience
2416:Neurogastroenterology
2272:Cellular neuroscience
1615:Phantoms in the Brain
1110:. (Vol. 1). (Vol. 2).
958:Carr, Robert (2003).
686:spiritual experiences
600:Phantoms in the Brain
383:, eminent theologian
284:"Neurotheology" is a
2863:Religion and science
2551:Sensory neuroscience
2391:Behavioral neurology
2362:Systems neuroscience
1875:. ABC Science Online
1668:Neuroscience Letters
1554:on 28 September 2013
1404:Neuroscience Letters
1314:Neuroscience Letters
1247:Neuroscience Letters
1124:Theology and Science
1067:Newsweek Media Group
795:on 28 September 2013
674:spiritual experience
607:scientific article.
375:theological journal
356:religious experience
326:Sudden enlightenment
293:The perception that
239:religious experience
164:needs more complete
2694:Social neuroscience
2594:Global neurosurgery
2471:Neurorehabilitation
2441:Neuro-ophthalmology
2426:Neurointensive care
2257:Behavioral genetics
2145:- programme summary
1775:Social Neuroscience
1727:2011PLoSO...617006O
1579:Arch Gen Psychiatry
1166:(3 Pt 2): 1255–62.
1021:D'Aquili, Eugene G.
755:Scientific American
710:Bicameral mentality
2770:Neuroimmune system
2664:Neurophenomenology
2604:Neural engineering
2327:Neuroendocrinology
2307:Neural engineering
2086:Clinically Psyched
1945:Psychopharmacology
1648:on 10 January 2019
1618:. Harper Collins.
1017:Newberg, Andrew B.
935:St. Martin's Press
826:on 10 October 2017
720:Psychedelic crisis
668:Psychopharmacology
585:Geschwind syndrome
303:self-consciousness
102:possibly contains
2840:
2839:
2689:Paleoneurobiology
2624:Neuroepistemology
2599:Neuroanthropology
2565:Interdisciplinary
2451:Neuropharmacology
2411:Neuroepidemiology
2127:978-3-525-56980-1
2108:978-0-275-98791-6
2072:978-0-521-88958-2
1857:978-1-57230-922-7
1832:978-0-89281-927-0
1107:978-3-491-21000-4
1088:Drewermann, Eugen
1065:. New York City:
1038:978-0-345-44034-1
1027:. New York City:
1002:978-0-945724-01-8
933:. New York City:
923:Burton, Robert A.
883:978-0-262-01164-8
661:Nucleus accumbens
653:nucleus accumbens
517:graduate students
486:Michael Persinger
484:During the 1980s
442:Experimental work
396:Andrew B. Newberg
241:and behaviour in
223:
222:
215:
205:
204:
197:
147:
146:
139:
104:original research
84:
16:(Redirected from
2870:
2828:
2827:
2816:
2815:
2730:Detection theory
2614:Neurocriminology
2541:Neurolinguistics
2456:Neuroprosthetics
2374:
2337:Neuroinformatics
2287:Imaging genetics
2209:
2202:
2195:
2186:
2143:God on the Brain
2131:
2112:
2093:
2092:on 14 June 2013.
2088:. Archived from
2076:
2057:
2038:
2019:
2004:
1999:. Archived from
1977:
1976:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1544:The Psychologist
1535:
1529:
1528:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1300:on 27 June 2006.
1296:. Archived from
1285:
1279:
1278:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1029:Ballantine Books
1013:
1007:
1006:
988:
982:
981:
977:978-8-18796758-3
955:
949:
948:
919:
913:
912:
894:
888:
887:
867:
861:
860:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
822:. Archived from
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
785:The Psychologist
776:
767:
766:
750:
612:Mario Beauregard
569:hyperreligiosity
561:Norman Geschwind
425:Eugen Drewermann
381:Arthur C. Clarke
370:Theoretical work
229:, also known as
218:
211:
200:
193:
189:
186:
180:
157:
156:
149:
142:
135:
131:
128:
122:
119:inline citations
95:
94:
87:
76:
54:
53:
46:
21:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2804:
2790:Neurotechnology
2785:Neuroplasticity
2780:Neuromodulation
2775:Neuromanagement
2698:
2669:Neurophilosophy
2566:
2560:
2546:Neuropsychology
2507:
2500:
2461:Neuropsychiatry
2421:Neuroimmunology
2406:Neurocardiology
2382:
2375:
2366:
2357:Neurophysiology
2347:Neuromorphology
2302:Neural decoding
2243:
2236:
2218:
2213:
2138:
2128:
2115:
2109:
2096:
2079:
2073:
2060:
2054:
2041:
2035:
2022:
2007:
1988:
1985:
1983:Further reading
1980:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1649:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1557:
1555:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1003:
990:
989:
985:
978:
960:God Men Con Men
957:
956:
952:
945:
927:"Neurotheology"
921:
920:
916:
909:
896:
895:
891:
884:
869:
868:
864:
857:
849:. Sourcebooks.
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
813:
812:
808:
798:
796:
778:
777:
770:
752:
751:
747:
743:
706:
690:magic mushrooms
670:
577:fainting spells
553:
488:stimulated the
482:
476:
464:Templeton Prize
444:
372:
339:
282:
274:popular science
243:neuroscientific
219:
208:
207:
206:
201:
190:
184:
181:
174:
158:
154:
143:
132:
126:
123:
108:
96:
92:
55:
51:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2876:
2874:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2822:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2800:Self-awareness
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2755:Neurodiversity
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2654:Neuromarketing
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:Neuroesthetics
2626:
2621:
2619:Neuroeconomics
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2466:Neuroradiology
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2446:Neuropathology
2443:
2438:
2436:Neuro-oncology
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Neurochemistry
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2173:
2162:
2155:Mystical Brain
2151:
2137:
2136:External links
2134:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2113:
2107:
2094:
2077:
2071:
2058:
2052:
2039:
2033:
2020:
2005:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1935:
1886:
1863:
1856:
1838:
1831:
1811:
1782:(1): 104–116.
1760:
1701:
1674:(3): 186–190.
1658:
1631:
1625:978-0688152475
1624:
1604:
1585:(12): 1580–6.
1569:
1530:
1503:(1): 217–235.
1487:
1460:(5): 619–629.
1437:
1410:(1): 346–347.
1393:
1374:(1–4): 71–85.
1358:
1339:
1320:(3): 348–350.
1303:
1280:
1236:
1193:
1150:
1131:(2): 163–174.
1113:
1106:
1079:
1055:(6 May 2001).
1053:Begley, Sharon
1044:
1037:
1008:
1001:
983:
976:
950:
944:978-1429926119
943:
914:
908:978-0262012232
907:
889:
882:
862:
856:978-1402214523
855:
837:
806:
768:
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
705:
702:
684:contribute to
680:levels in the
669:
666:
552:
549:
494:magnetic field
490:temporal lobes
478:Main article:
475:
472:
443:
440:
371:
368:
344:used the term
338:
335:
334:
333:
328:
323:
317:
312:
306:
305:have dissolved
281:
278:
221:
220:
203:
202:
161:
159:
152:
145:
144:
99:
97:
90:
85:
59:
58:
56:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2875:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:Neurotheology
2851:
2850:
2848:
2833:
2832:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Neurotheology
2682:
2680:
2679:Neurorobotics
2677:
2675:
2674:Neuropolitics
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Neuroethology
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2536:Motor control
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:Chronobiology
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Neurovirology
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:Neurogenetics
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Brain-reading
2265:
2263:
2262:Brain mapping
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2176:Neurotheology
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2053:0-8006-3163-3
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2034:0-486-26167-0
2030:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1906:(6): 621–32.
1905:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1721:(3): e17006.
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1355:(3): 234–257.
1354:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1096:(in German).
1095:
1094:
1090:(2006–2007).
1089:
1083:
1080:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1004:
998:
994:
987:
984:
979:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
951:
946:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
918:
915:
910:
904:
901:. MIT Press.
900:
893:
890:
885:
879:
876:. MIT Press.
875:
874:
866:
863:
858:
852:
848:
841:
838:
825:
821:
817:
810:
807:
794:
790:
786:
782:
775:
773:
769:
764:
760:
756:
749:
746:
740:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
703:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
667:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
605:peer-reviewed
602:
601:
596:
592:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
550:
548:
545:
540:
535:
531:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
481:
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:William James
449:
448:Alister Hardy
441:
439:
436:
434:
430:
426:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
369:
367:
365:
364:pseudoscience
361:
357:
353:
352:
347:
346:neurotheology
343:
342:Aldous Huxley
336:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
318:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:
290:
287:
279:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:neurotheology
228:
217:
214:
199:
196:
188:
185:February 2024
178:
172:
171:
167:
162:This article
160:
151:
150:
141:
138:
130:
127:February 2024
120:
116:
112:
106:
105:
100:This article
98:
89:
88:
83:
81:
74:
73:
68:
67:
62:
57:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:neuroethology
33:
19:
2829:
2817:
2765:Neuroimaging
2760:Neurogenesis
2683:
2644:Neurohistory
2609:Neurobiotics
2508:neuroscience
2476:Neurosurgery
2401:Epileptology
2383:neuroscience
2352:Neurophysics
2342:Neurometrics
2317:Neurobiology
2312:Neuroanatomy
2282:Connectomics
2216:Neuroscience
2165:
2154:
2142:
2117:
2098:
2090:the original
2085:
2062:
2043:
2024:
2013:
2001:the original
1994:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1866:
1847:
1841:
1821:
1814:
1779:
1773:
1763:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1650:, retrieved
1646:the original
1640:
1634:
1614:
1607:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1556:. Retrieved
1552:the original
1547:
1543:
1533:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1457:
1453:
1440:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1298:the original
1294:BioEd Online
1293:
1283:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1092:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1060:
1047:
1024:
1011:
992:
986:
959:
953:
930:
917:
898:
892:
872:
865:
846:
840:
828:. Retrieved
824:the original
819:
809:
797:. Retrieved
793:the original
788:
784:
754:
748:
682:pineal gland
671:
646:
628:
610:Research by
609:
598:
589:
565:hypergraphia
554:
543:
538:
529:
513:double-blind
508:
506:
483:
467:
455:
445:
437:
422:
404:
393:
376:
373:
349:
345:
340:
283:
280:Introduction
266:evolutionary
262:neurological
259:
251:spirituality
234:
230:
226:
224:
209:
191:
182:
175:Please help
170:verification
163:
133:
124:
101:
77:
70:
64:
63:Please help
60:
43:
2634:Neuroethics
2481:Neurotology
1209:(1): 5–16.
638:hippocampal
409:orientation
337:Terminology
2847:Categories
2795:Neurotoxin
2496:Psychiatry
1253:(1): 1–6.
1098:Düsseldorf
741:References
698:psilocybin
694:hypothesis
532:failed to
526:paranormal
507:Granqvist
502:criticised
498:God helmet
480:God helmet
413:meditation
389:Dalai Lama
387:, and the
385:Harvey Cox
360:scientific
268:basis for
111:improve it
66:improve it
2740:Neurochip
2506:Cognitive
2431:Neurology
1652:21 August
1145:144816268
964:New Delhi
624:Carmelite
581:pedantism
534:replicate
401:Buddhists
319:Ecstatic
309:Spiritual
286:neologism
233:, and as
166:citations
115:verifying
72:talk page
2819:Category
2703:Concepts
2649:Neurolaw
2381:Clinical
1996:Newsweek
1965:16826400
1930:18593735
1806:27834117
1755:21479219
1715:PLOS ONE
1696:13563460
1688:16872743
1525:42872159
1517:22582690
1474:18635163
1432:41145064
1424:15862915
1334:54348640
1275:24800593
1267:15849873
1231:44618872
1223:12661700
1062:Newsweek
925:(2008).
704:See also
618:, using
460:numinous
431:and the
18:God spot
2831:Commons
2244:science
2232:History
2227:Outline
1973:7845214
1921:3050654
1879:13 July
1797:5478470
1746:3068149
1723:Bibcode
1599:1200777
1482:3944854
1388:8407157
1180:6664802
830:9 April
820:CNN.com
614:at the
544:et al.,
407:." The
276:books.
109:Please
32:Godspot
2567:fields
2180:Curlie
2124:
2105:
2069:
2050:
2031:
1971:
1963:
1928:
1918:
1854:
1829:
1804:
1794:
1753:
1743:
1694:
1686:
1622:
1597:
1558:6 July
1523:
1515:
1480:
1472:
1454:Cortex
1430:
1422:
1386:
1332:
1273:
1265:
1229:
1221:
1188:486935
1186:
1178:
1143:
1104:
1072:15 May
1035:
999:
974:
941:
905:
880:
853:
799:6 July
649:Mormon
636:found
629:recall
579:, and
539:et al.
530:et al.
509:et al.
351:Island
321:trance
247:neural
2242:Basic
2015:Wired
1969:S2CID
1692:S2CID
1521:S2CID
1478:S2CID
1450:(PDF)
1428:S2CID
1330:S2CID
1271:S2CID
1227:S2CID
1184:S2CID
1141:S2CID
403:call
394:What
377:Zygon
2122:ISBN
2103:ISBN
2067:ISBN
2048:ISBN
2029:ISBN
1961:PMID
1926:PMID
1881:2006
1852:ISBN
1827:ISBN
1802:PMID
1751:PMID
1684:PMID
1654:2011
1620:ISBN
1595:PMID
1565:off.
1560:2012
1513:PMID
1470:PMID
1420:PMID
1384:PMID
1263:PMID
1219:PMID
1176:PMID
1102:ISBN
1074:2018
1033:ISBN
997:ISBN
972:ISBN
939:ISBN
903:ISBN
878:ISBN
851:ISBN
832:2007
801:2012
620:fMRI
433:soul
417:self
299:fear
295:time
264:and
225:The
168:for
2178:at
2171:NPR
2169:at
2158:at
2149:BBC
2147:at
1953:doi
1949:187
1916:PMC
1908:doi
1792:PMC
1784:doi
1741:PMC
1731:doi
1676:doi
1672:405
1587:doi
1505:doi
1501:114
1462:doi
1412:doi
1408:380
1376:doi
1322:doi
1318:380
1255:doi
1251:379
1211:doi
1207:137
1168:doi
1133:doi
968:321
759:doi
622:on
454:'s
429:God
311:awe
301:or
113:by
2849::
2084:.
2012:.
1993:.
1967:.
1959:.
1947:.
1924:.
1914:.
1904:22
1902:.
1898:.
1800:.
1790:.
1780:13
1778:.
1772:.
1749:.
1739:.
1729:.
1717:.
1713:.
1690:.
1682:.
1670:.
1593:.
1583:32
1581:.
1562:.
1548:25
1546:.
1542:.
1519:.
1511:.
1499:.
1476:.
1468:.
1458:45
1456:.
1452:.
1426:.
1418:.
1406:.
1382:.
1372:71
1370:.
1351:.
1328:.
1316:.
1292:.
1269:.
1261:.
1249:.
1225:.
1217:.
1205:.
1182:.
1174:.
1164:57
1162:.
1139:.
1127:.
1059:.
1031:.
1019:;
970:.
962:.
937:.
929:.
818:.
789:25
787:.
783:.
771:^
700:.
655:,
587:.
575:,
571:,
567:,
297:,
75:.
2208:e
2201:t
2194:v
2130:.
2111:.
2075:.
2056:.
2037:.
2018:.
1975:.
1955::
1932:.
1910::
1883:.
1860:.
1835:.
1808:.
1786::
1757:.
1733::
1725::
1719:6
1698:.
1678::
1628:.
1601:.
1589::
1527:.
1507::
1484:.
1464::
1434:.
1414::
1390:.
1378::
1353:5
1336:.
1324::
1277:.
1257::
1233:.
1213::
1190:.
1170::
1147:.
1135::
1129:7
1076:.
1041:.
1005:.
980:.
947:.
911:.
886:.
859:.
834:.
803:.
765:.
761::
216:)
210:(
198:)
192:(
187:)
183:(
173:.
140:)
134:(
129:)
125:(
107:.
82:)
78:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.