1150:
1163:
965:
and osteoporosis. Rare, but potentially serious adverse events include transient worsening of prostate cancer due to surge in testosterone with initial injection of GnRH agonists and pituitary apoplexy in patients with pituitary adenoma. Single instances of clinically apparent liver injury have been reported with some GnRH agonists (histrelin, goserelin), but the reports were not very convincing. There is no evidence to indicate that there is cross sensitivity to liver injury among the various GnRH analogues despite their similarity in structure. There is also a report that GnRH agonists used in the treatment of advanced
1022:(LH). However, after the initial "flare" response, continued stimulation with GnRH agonists desensitizes the pituitary gland (by causing GnRH receptor downregulation) to GnRH. Pituitary desensitization reduces the secretion of LH and FSH and thus induces a state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadal anovulation, sometimes referred to as "pseudomenopause" or "medical oophorectomy". GnRH agonists are able to completely shutdown gonadal testosterone production and thereby suppress circulating testosterone levels by 95% or into the castrate/female range in men.
1149:
1162:
1272:
1342:
1314:
1244:
1258:
1328:
1286:
1230:
1300:
51:
1034:
is the therapeutic goal. During the flare, peak levels of testosterone occur after 2 to 4 days, baseline testosterone levels are returned to by 7 to 8 days, and castrate levels of testosterone are achieved by two to four weeks. A 7 day study of infertile women found that restoration of
1987:
Initial administration of LHRH agonists reliably causes a transient rise in serum T, with peak T values observed at 2–4 d followed by a reduction to baseline values by 7–8 d, and achievement of castrate levels by 2–4 wk . Most studies demonstrate an increase in peak serum T concentrations by 40–100%
964:
Common side effects of the GnRH agonists and antagonists include symptoms of hypogonadism such as hot flashes, gynecomastia, fatigue, weight gain, fluid retention, erectile dysfunction and decreased libido. Long term therapy can result in metabolic abnormalities, weight gain, worsening of diabetes
1189:
GnRH agonists are synthetically modeled after the natural GnRH decapeptide with specific modifications, usually double and single substitutions and typically in position 6 (amino acid substitution), 9 (alkylation) and 10 (deletion). These substitutions inhibit rapid degradation. Agonists with two
1025:
Agonists do not quickly dissociate from the GnRH receptor. As a result, initially there is an increase in FSH and LH secretion (so-called "flare effect"). Levels of LH may increase by up to 10-fold, while levels of testosterone generally increase to 140 to 200% of baseline values. However, after
1125:
2281:
Klotz L, Boccon-Gibod L, Shore ND, Andreou C, Persson BE, Cantor P, Jensen JK, Olesen TK, Schröder FH (December 2008). "The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer".
1118:
2000:
Cedrin-Durnerin I, Bidart JM, Robert P, Wolf JP, Uzan M, Hugues JN (May 2000). "Consequences on gonadotrophin secretion of an early discontinuation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist administration in short-term protocol for in-vitro fertilization".
1111:
1155:
Testosterone levels during the first month of androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer treated with subcutaneous injections of a GnRH antagonist (degarelix) or agonist (leuprorelin). Doses were 240 then 80 mg/month and 7.5 mg/month,
1168:
Testosterone levels in the long-term androgen deprivation therapy of men with prostate cancer by different GnRH agonists administered at 3 month intervals (goserelin, triptorelin and leuprorelin). Dotted line is the threshold for the castrate
1840:
LiverTox: Clinical and
Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury . Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogues. . Available from:
3433:
2120:
Kotake T, Usami M, Akaza H, Koiso K, Homma Y, Kawabe K, Aso Y, Orikasa S, Shimazaki J, Isaka S, Yoshida O, Hirao Y, Okajima E, Naito S, Kumazawa J, Kanetake H, Saito Y, Ohi Y, Ohashi Y (November 1999).
865:. Injectables have been formulated for daily, monthly, and quarterly use, and implants are available that can last from one month to a year. With the exception of gonadorelin, which is used as a
2123:"Goserelin acetate with or without antiandrogen or estrogen in the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial in Japan. Zoladex Study Group"
490:
have been pretreated with GnRH agonists to reduce the risk of oocyte loss during such therapy and preserve ovarian function. Further studies are necessary to prove that this approach is useful.
3019:
2319:"Effectiveness of three different luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in the chemical castration of patients with prostate cancer: Goserelin versus triptorelin versus leuprolide"
3854:
3426:
2197:
Sugiono M, Winkler MH, Okeke AA, Benney M, Gillatt DA (2005). "Bicalutamide vs cyproterone acetate in preventing flare with LHRH analogue therapy for prostate cancer--a pilot study".
2085:
Vis AN, van der Sluis TM, Al-Itejawi HH, van
Moorselaar RJ, Meuleman EJ (January 2015). "Risk of disease flare with LHRH agonist therapy in men with prostate cancer: myth or fact?".
3374:
1694:"Treatment of Paraphilic Disorders in Sexual Offenders or Men With a Risk of Sexual Offending With Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists: An Updated Systematic Review"
2162:
Shimizu TS, Shibata Y, Jinbo H, Satoh J, Yamanaka H (1995). "Estramustine phosphate for preventing flare-up in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue depot therapy".
645:
Breast cancer; Endometriosis; Female infertility (assisted reproduction); Prostate cancer; Uterine diseases (endometrial thinning agent); Uterine fibroids; Uterine hemorrhage
3419:
2968:
3400:
2416:
3690:
3012:
405:
that are hormonally sensitive and where a hypogonadal state decreases the chances of a recurrence. Thus they are commonly employed in the medical management of
2986:
2586:
242:
among other uses. It is also used in the suppression of spontaneous ovulation as part of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, an essential component in
3005:
2536:
1387:
1138:
2442:
622:
Cryptorchidism; Delayed puberty; Diagnostic agent (pituitary disorders); Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction)
3462:
3442:
2450:
1184:
376:(IVF). Typically, after GnRH agonists have induced a state of hypoestrogenism, exogenous FSH is given to stimulate ovarian follicle, followed by
3849:
2701:
1038:
Various medications can be used to prevent the testosterone flare and/or its effects at the initiation of GnRH agonist therapy. These include
3739:
2935:
1888:
1825:
1798:
1771:
1744:
1629:
1602:
1531:
1504:
1477:
778:
Breast cancer; Endometriosis; Female infertility (assisted reproduction); Paraphilias; Precocious puberty; Prostate cancer; Uterine fibroids
3411:
2981:
2976:
2409:
398:, because using GnRH agonist for that purpose as well inactivates the axis for which it is intended to work for final maturation induction.
3192:
2767:
2671:
395:
366:
362:
334:
GnRH was discovered in 1971, and GnRH analogues were introduced for medical use in the 1980s. Their nonproprietary names usually end in
3202:
556:
Breast cancer; Endometrial hyperplasia; Endometriosis; Female infertility (assisted reproduction); Prostate cancer; Uterine fibroids
1953:
Krakowsky Y, Morgentaler A (July 2017). "Risk of
Testosterone Flare in the Era of the Saturation Model: One More Historical Myth".
3182:
3157:
3028:
2039:
Scaletscky R, Smith JA (April 1993). "Disease flare with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. How serious is it?".
3253:
2402:
308:
3511:
3265:
3212:
2741:
2425:
1382:
990:
472:
3369:
3207:
3197:
2389:
2242:"Strategies to Circumvent Testosterone Surge and Disease Flare in Advanced Prostate Cancer: Emerging Treatment Paradigms"
3763:
3714:
3131:
3109:
2884:
2623:
2618:
1091:
1015:
390:
after having performed controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Usage of GnRH agonist for this purpose necessitates using a
377:
3844:
2952:
2892:
231:
2374:
1026:
continuous administration, a profound hypogonadal effect (i.e. decrease in FSH and LH) is achieved through receptor
3839:
877:
387:
3859:
2783:
1075:
381:
2610:
2394:
331:. When used to suppress gonadotropin release, GnRH agonists can lower sex hormone levels by 95% in both sexes.
199:
1854:
3709:
3248:
3243:
3228:
3074:
2940:
153:
3834:
3566:
3379:
3313:
3258:
3152:
3141:
2846:
1067:
370:
247:
211:
3793:
3778:
2240:
Pokuri VK, Nourkeyhani H, Betsy B, Herbst L, Sikorski M, Spangenthal E, Fabiano A, George S (July 2015).
3681:
3451:
2876:
2838:
1880:
Campbell-Walsh
Urology: Expert Consult Premium Edition: Enhanced Online Features and Print, 4-Volume Set
1055:
1051:
384:. GnRH agonists routinely used for this purpose are: buserelin, leuprorelin, nafarelin, and triptorelin.
17:
3758:
3270:
3162:
3084:
2888:
854:
850:
251:
1855:"Researchers Suggest Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer Can Cause Serious Heart Problems and Death"
3719:
3282:
3233:
3177:
3172:
3097:
3092:
2880:
2804:
2724:
2628:
1552:"Impact of surgical and medical castration on serum testosterone level in prostate cancer patients"
1362:
1271:
1099:
1047:
1019:
838:
126:
3551:
3454:
3308:
3275:
3044:
2858:
2808:
2222:
2064:
1978:
1674:
1059:
1008:
GnRH, which interacts with the GnRH receptor to elicit its biologic response, the release of the
953:
457:
417:
288:
227:
195:
118:
86:
3634:
3561:
712:
Breast cancer; Endometriosis; Menorrhagia; Precocious puberty; Prostate cancer; Uterine fibroids
3809:
3644:
3639:
3624:
3604:
3589:
1878:
1734:
1619:
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2018:
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1473:
1467:
1448:
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461:
239:
141:
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1815:
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3333:
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2134:
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2010:
1962:
1922:
1705:
1658:
1563:
1438:
1428:
1341:
1313:
1039:
1035:
normal gonadotropin secretion takes 5 to 8 days after cessation of exogenous GnRH agonists.
870:
526:
468:
427:
423:
235:
223:
110:
3364:
3323:
3167:
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2661:
1392:
1257:
1243:
966:
866:
450:
406:
391:
292:
280:
276:
203:
106:
90:
453:
may receive GnRH agonists to suppress ovarian activity and induce a hypoestrogenic state.
1327:
1299:
1285:
1229:
3788:
3328:
2946:
2862:
2828:
2816:
2638:
2343:
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296:
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102:
94:
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1982:
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1002:
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347:
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187:
134:
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1215:
1191:
1043:
931:
921:
907:
903:
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862:
834:
826:
814:
809:
GnRH agonists that have been marketed and are available for medical use include
770:
704:
614:
446:
438:
343:
339:
304:
265:
261:
255:
215:
191:
122:
98:
55:
2014:
1710:
1693:
1646:
902:
Long-acting depot injection or injected pellet (once every one to six months):
876:
The clinically used desensitizing GnRH agonists are available in the following
3783:
3729:
3656:
3594:
3506:
3501:
3338:
3124:
2912:
2842:
2633:
2577:
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1966:
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1207:
1083:
1063:
846:
842:
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479:
130:
41:
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3102:
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2832:
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2710:
2683:
2582:
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2557:
2521:
2516:
2506:
2501:
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2476:
2258:
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2210:
1433:
1333:
1305:
1291:
1235:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1079:
1009:
941:
937:
927:
917:
913:
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830:
822:
818:
810:
748:
726:
682:
660:
636:
548:
320:
284:
114:
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2303:
2267:
2218:
2148:
2106:
2022:
1974:
1936:
1719:
1670:
1645:
van Loenen AC, Huirne JA, Schats R, Hompes PG, Lambalk CB (November 2002).
1577:
1452:
2183:
2060:
482:
disorders in sexual offenders or men with a high risk of sexual offending.
3661:
3651:
3629:
3579:
3343:
2775:
2572:
2547:
1662:
434:
78:
GnRH receptor agonists; GnRH blockers; GnRH inhibitors; Antigonadotropins
1877:
Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA (25 August 2011).
1787:
Charles G. D. Brook, Peter
Clayton, Rosalind Brown (22 September 2011).
170:
50:
3691:
3584:
2907:
1030:
by internalization of receptors. Generally this induced and reversible
1012:
994:
978:
426:
to delay development of secondary sex characteristics in children with
312:
272:
158:
73:
2175:
1568:
1551:
402:
328:
1817:
Principles and
Practice of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in ART
578:
Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction; chemical castration)
534:
Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction; chemical castration)
3463:
3443:
3415:
3001:
2398:
2702:
2384:
243:
3740:
1550:
Novara G, Galfano A, Secco S, Ficarra V, Artibani W (2009).
1417:"Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists: Expanding vistas"
2379:
519:
194:. They are used for a variety of indications including in
346:(brand name Decapeptyl). GnRH analogues are available as
338:. The most well-known and widely used GnRH analogues are
3696:
Tooltip
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor
1496:
Principles and
Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism
1185:
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor § Agonists
837:. GnRH agonists that are used mostly or exclusively in
3801:
2969:
2768:
2742:
2735:
2672:
2443:
2426:
1218:
are agonists with single substitutions at position 6.
499:
GnRH agonists marketed for clinical or veterinary use
59:
1647:"GnRH agonists, antagonists, and assisted conception"
433:
Management of female disorders that are dependent on
2317:
Shim M, Bang WJ, Oh CY, Lee YS, Cho JS (July 2019).
1499:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 973–.
350:. Despite this, they continue to be very expensive.
198:
and to lower sex hormone levels in the treatment of
3738:
3689:
3680:
3461:
3393:
3352:
3301:
3221:
3140:
3083:
3035:
2766:Sex steroid agonists (via negative feedback on the
2756:
2660:
2651:
2609:
2600:
2535:
2459:
2441:
1872:
1870:
1868:
912:Injected implant (once every one to three months):
164:
152:
140:
82:
72:
67:
34:
2670:Sex steroid antagonists (via disinhibition of the
1733:Richard A. Lehne, Laura Rosenthal (25 June 2014).
3401:Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction
1369:Temporary suppression of fertility in female dogs
795:Hits = Google Search hits (as of February 2018).
3855:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins
2390:Information of use of Zoladex in prostate cancer
969:may increase the risk of heart problems by 30%.
486:Women of reproductive age who undergo cytotoxic
3468:Tooltip Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
3448:Tooltip Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
2080:
2078:
1948:
1946:
1904:
1902:
1900:
2905:Others (mixed or unknown mechanism of action):
2707:Tooltip Selective estrogen receptor modulators
2034:
2032:
1545:
1543:
1421:Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
1410:
1408:
3745:Tooltip Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor
3427:
3013:
2410:
1843:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547863/
1597:(Fourth ed.). CRC Press. pp. 131–.
1119:
926:Surgically implanted pellet (once per year):
8:
1911:"Flare Associated with LHRH-Agonist Therapy"
1883:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 2939–.
1859:Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News
1739:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1296–.
1624:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 2135–.
1618:Jameson JL, De Groot LJ (25 February 2015).
1766:. Demos Medical Publishing. pp. 503–.
756:Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction)
709:Lupron; Eligard; Procren; Prostap; Staladex
690:Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction)
600:Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction)
3784:Menotropin (human menopausal gonadotropin)
3730:Menotropin (human menopausal gonadotropin)
3686:
3434:
3420:
3412:
3020:
3006:
2998:
2657:
2606:
2456:
2417:
2403:
2395:
2385:SupprelinLA, by Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
1126:
1112:
936:Nasal spray (two to three times per day):
497:
478:As part of the pharmacologic treatment of
2342:
2257:
2138:
1926:
1709:
1621:Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric E-Book
1567:
1520:Corson SL, Derman RJ (15 December 1995).
1442:
1432:
1388:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist
869:, all approved GnRH agonists are used as
319:and work by increasing or decreasing the
1793:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 242–.
1790:Brook's Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology
186:) is a type of medication which affects
1404:
1225:
1145:
884:Short-acting injection (once per day):
849:. GnRH agonists can be administered by
790:
2747:Tooltip gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2431:Tooltip Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
1736:Pharmacology for Nursing Care - E-Book
1066:(diethylstilbestrol diphosphate), and
498:
180:gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
35:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
31:
18:Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
1814:Surveen Ghumman (22 September 2015).
625:Injection; Infusion pump; Nasal spray
416:Delaying puberty in individuals with
369:, which is an essential component in
309:sex-specific physical characteristics
7:
2972:and gonadotropin receptor modulators
1760:James L. Gulley (20 December 2011).
1591:Gardner DK, Simón C (26 June 2017).
1222:Chemical structures of GnRH agonists
409:and have been used in patients with
396:suppression of spontaneous ovulation
363:Suppression of spontaneous ovulation
1692:Turner D, Briken P (January 2018).
668:Precocious puberty; Prostate cancer
367:controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
1594:Handbook of In Vitro Fertilization
456:Suppressing sex hormone levels in
25:
3203:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
2987:Progestogens and antiprogestogens
2587:+estradiol/norethisterone acetate
1651:Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
734:Precocious puberty; Endometriosis
27:Drug class affecting sex hormones
3183:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
3158:Autologous endometrial coculture
3029:Assisted reproductive technology
2375:Use of agonists in endometriosis
2296:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08183.x
2053:10.2165/00002018-199308040-00001
1361:GnRH analogues are also used in
1340:
1326:
1312:
1298:
1284:
1270:
1256:
1242:
1228:
1161:
1148:
993:(GnRH). These drugs can be both
264:of GnRH agonists are related to
49:
1526:. CRC Press. pp. 249–250.
1372:Induction of ovulation in mares
559:Nasal spray; Injection; Implant
3266:Gamete intrafallopian transfer
3213:Zygote intrafallopian transfer
1988:above baseline during T flare.
1698:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
1383:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
991:gonadotropin-releasing hormone
473:congenital adrenal hyperplasia
394:instead of a GnRH agonist for
58:, one of the most widely used
1:
3850:Hormonal antineoplastic drugs
3370:Genetic diagnosis of intersex
3198:Partner-assisted reproduction
2199:Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis
2099:10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.04.016
1092:androgen synthesis inhibitors
1001:. They are modeled after the
378:human chorionic gonadotropins
358:GnRH agonists are useful in:
246:. GnRH agonists are given by
3764:Follicle-stimulating hormone
3715:Human chorionic gonadotropin
2885:hydroxyprogesterone caproate
2624:Human chorionic gonadotropin
2619:Follicle-stimulating hormone
1016:follicle-stimulating hormone
3208:Transvaginal ovum retrieval
2982:Estrogens and antiestrogens
2977:Androgens and antiandrogens
2893:medroxyprogesterone acetate
878:pharmaceutical formulations
232:transgender hormone therapy
3876:
1820:. Springer. pp. 96–.
1711:10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.013
1472:. Urotext. pp. 120–.
1182:
1076:nonsteroidal antiandrogens
388:Final maturation induction
230:in children, as a part of
3375:Religious response to ART
2930:
2335:10.4111/icu.2019.60.4.244
1967:10.1016/j.euf.2017.06.008
1466:Hemat RA (2 March 2003).
791:
665:Vantas; Supprelin LA
323:of gonadotropins and the
200:hormone-sensitive cancers
169:
48:
39:
3532:Leuprorelin (leuprolide)
3193:Ovarian hyperstimulation
2512:Leuprorelin (leuprolide)
2015:10.1093/humrep/15.5.1009
1556:Urologia Internationalis
1415:Magon N (October 2011).
342:(brand name Lupron) and
252:implants placed into fat
224:high testosterone levels
3710:Choriogonadotropin alfa
3229:Artificial insemination
3075:Male infertility crisis
2380:Lupron, by manufacturer
2259:10.6004/jnccn.2015.0109
2211:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500784
1434:10.4103/2230-8210.85575
1190:substitutions include:
437:production. Women with
327:of sex hormones by the
277:low testosterone levels
212:gynecological disorders
3567:Zoptarelin doxorubicin
3380:Mitochondrial donation
3314:Donor Sibling Registry
3153:Assisted zona hatching
3142:In vitro fertilisation
2246:J Natl Compr Canc Netw
2140:10.1093/jjco/29.11.562
1068:estramustine phosphate
382:trigger oocyte release
3645:Teverelix (antarelix)
3452:gonadotropin receptor
2877:chlormadinone acetate
1052:chlormadinone acetate
977:GnRH agonists act as
3759:Corifollitropin alfa
3625:Ornirelix (ornitide)
3271:Reproductive surgery
3163:Cytoplasmic transfer
3093:Estrogen antagonists
3085:Fertility medication
2889:gestonorone caproate
2725:Aromatase inhibitors
1909:Thompson IM (2001).
1861:. 22 September 2009.
1663:10.1055/s-2002-36713
1133:Hormone levels with
575:Ovuplant; Suprelorin
3794:Varfollitropin alfa
3779:Follitropin epsilon
3720:Luteinizing hormone
3283:Selective reduction
3234:Ovulation induction
3178:In vitro maturation
3173:Gestational carrier
3098:aromatase inhibitor
2881:cyproterone acetate
2809:prolactin releasers
2629:Luteinizing hormone
2127:Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol
1363:veterinary medicine
1100:abiraterone acetate
1048:cyproterone acetate
1020:luteinizing hormone
839:veterinary medicine
500:
348:generic medications
281:low estrogen levels
248:injections into fat
127:Chemical castration
3845:Fertility medicine
3309:Donor registration
3276:Vasectomy reversal
2957:Never to phase III
2859:diethylstilbestrol
2323:Investig Clin Urol
2003:Human Reproduction
1921:(Suppl 3): S10–4.
1493:Becker KL (2001).
1278:Gonadorelin (GnRH)
1060:diethylstilbestrol
954:pregnancy category
952:GnRH agonists are
715:Injection; Implant
581:Implant; Injection
537:Implant; Injection
458:transgender people
418:precocious puberty
289:sexual dysfunction
196:fertility medicine
123:Transgender people
119:Precocious puberty
87:Fertility medicine
3840:Antigonadotropins
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3615:Iturelix (antide)
3409:
3408:
3360:Accidental incest
3070:Fertility tourism
3065:Fertility testing
2995:
2994:
2926:
2925:
2897:megestrol acetate
2788:nandrolone esters
2780:anabolic steroids
2758:Antigonadotropins
2647:
2646:
2596:
2595:
2370:Buserelin website
2176:10.1159/000475159
1890:978-1-4160-6911-9
1827:978-81-322-1686-5
1800:978-1-4443-1673-5
1773:978-1-936287-46-8
1746:978-0-323-29354-9
1631:978-0-323-32195-2
1604:978-1-4987-2947-5
1569:10.1159/000209352
1533:978-0-9697978-0-7
1523:Fertility Control
1506:978-0-7817-1750-2
1479:978-1-903737-08-8
1040:antigonadotropins
987:biological target
948:Contraindications
871:antigonadotropins
807:
806:
462:transgender women
307:, and diminished
240:transgender youth
176:
175:
142:Biological target
68:Class identifiers
16:(Redirected from
3867:
3860:Progonadotropins
3803:
3774:Follitropin beta
3769:Follitropin alfa
3746:
3742:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3492:Azagly-nafarelin
3469:
3465:
3449:
3445:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3334:Semen collection
3239:Cryopreservation
3188:Oocyte selection
3060:Fertility clinic
3022:
3015:
3008:
2999:
2971:
2855:ethinylestradiol
2851:estradiol esters
2770:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2708:
2704:
2674:
2662:Progonadotropins
2658:
2607:
2472:Azagly-nafarelin
2457:
2445:
2432:
2428:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2396:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2261:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2036:
2027:
2026:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1906:
1895:
1894:
1874:
1863:
1862:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1412:
1365:. Uses include:
1344:
1330:
1316:
1302:
1288:
1274:
1260:
1246:
1232:
1165:
1152:
1128:
1121:
1114:
646:
527:Azagly-nafarelin
521:
507:Brand names
501:
469:hyperandrogenism
467:Severe cases of
451:uterine fibroids
428:gender dysphoria
424:Delaying puberty
111:Hyperandrogenism
107:Uterine fibroids
61:
53:
32:
21:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3814:
3744:
3734:
3695:
3676:
3467:
3457:
3447:
3440:
3410:
3405:
3389:
3365:Fertility fraud
3348:
3297:
3217:
3168:Embryo transfer
3145:
3136:
3079:
3031:
3026:
2996:
2991:
2962:
2947:Clinical trials
2922:
2801:
2752:
2746:
2706:
2653:
2643:
2592:
2531:
2448:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2038:
2037:
2030:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1891:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1763:Prostate Cancer
1759:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1393:Progonadotropin
1379:
1359:
1357:Veterinary uses
1354:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1336:
1331:
1322:
1317:
1308:
1303:
1294:
1289:
1280:
1275:
1266:
1261:
1252:
1247:
1238:
1233:
1223:
1187:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1157:
1153:
1142:
1141:
1132:
999:small-molecules
975:
967:prostate cancer
962:
950:
867:progonadotropin
644:
619:Factrel; Others
496:
494:Available forms
407:prostate cancer
392:GnRH antagonist
356:
293:vaginal atrophy
204:prostate cancer
91:Prostate cancer
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3873:
3871:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3789:Urofollitropin
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3749:
3747:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3700:
3698:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3472:
3470:
3459:
3458:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3254:ovarian tissue
3251:
3246:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3146:and expansions
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2866:
2863:paroxypropione
2836:
2829:chlorpromazine
2817:metoclopramide
2799:
2795:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2732:
2722:
2695:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2639:Urofollitropin
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2575:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2439:
2438:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2364:External links
2362:
2359:
2358:
2329:(4): 244–250.
2309:
2290:(11): 1531–8.
2273:
2232:
2189:
2154:
2133:(11): 562–70.
2112:
2074:
2028:
2009:(5): 1009–14.
1992:
1955:Eur Urol Focus
1942:
1896:
1889:
1864:
1846:
1833:
1826:
1806:
1799:
1779:
1772:
1752:
1745:
1725:
1684:
1637:
1630:
1610:
1603:
1583:
1539:
1532:
1512:
1505:
1485:
1478:
1458:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1028:downregulation
974:
971:
961:
958:
949:
946:
945:
944:
934:
924:
910:
900:
805:
804:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
745:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
723:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
701:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
679:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
642:
639:
633:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
567:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
545:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
523:
522:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
495:
492:
484:
483:
476:
465:
454:
431:
421:
414:
399:
385:
355:
352:
297:penile atrophy
174:
173:
167:
166:
162:
161:
156:
154:Chemical class
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
84:
80:
79:
76:
70:
69:
65:
64:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3872:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3835:Antiandrogens
3833:
3832:
3830:
3811:
3808:
3807:Non-peptides:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Lutropin alfa
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:Non-peptides:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3446:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3385:Sex selection
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3288:Sex selection
3286:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:Other methods
3220:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:Gonadotropins
3118:
3116:
3115:GnRH agonists
3113:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2699:
2698:Antiestrogens
2696:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2680:Antiandrogens
2678:
2676:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2650:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:Gonadotropins
2599:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2435:gonadotropins
2429:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2252:(7): e49–55.
2251:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2047:(4): 265–70.
2046:
2042:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1657:(4): 349–64.
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1562:(3): 249–55.
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1349:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:. The agents
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1178:
1164:
1159:
1156:respectively.
1151:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1135:GnRH agonists
1129:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:antiandrogens
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:GnRH receptor
980:
972:
970:
968:
959:
957:
955:
947:
943:
939:
935:
933:
929:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
909:
905:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:
881:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
802:
798:
794:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
654:
651:
648:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
518:
515:
512:
510:Approved uses
509:
506:
503:
502:
493:
491:
489:
481:
477:
474:
471:, such as in
470:
466:
463:
460:, especially
459:
455:
452:
448:
444:
443:endometriosis
440:
436:
432:
429:
425:
422:
419:
415:
412:
411:breast cancer
408:
404:
401:Treatment of
400:
397:
393:
389:
386:
383:
379:
375:
374:fertilisation
373:
368:
364:
361:
360:
359:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:GnRH receptor
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:delay puberty
233:
229:
228:early puberty
225:
221:
220:endometriosis
217:
216:heavy periods
213:
209:
208:breast cancer
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:gonadotropins
185:
181:
172:
168:
163:
160:
157:
155:
151:
148:
147:GnRH receptor
145:
143:
139:
136:
135:sex offenders
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:Endometriosis
100:
96:
95:Breast cancer
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
75:
71:
66:
57:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3806:
3800:
3755:
3752:
3706:
3703:
3682:Gonadotropin
3648:
3576:
3574:Antagonists:
3573:
3478:
3475:
3319:Egg donation
3114:
2904:
2869:Progestogens
2784:testosterone
2765:
2692:enzalutamide
2688:bicalutamide
2669:
2611:Preparations
2570:Non-peptide:
2569:
2544:
2468:
2460:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2170:(3): 192–5.
2167:
2163:
2157:
2130:
2126:
2115:
2090:
2086:
2044:
2040:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1986:
1961:(1): 81–89.
1958:
1954:
1918:
1914:
1879:
1858:
1849:
1836:
1816:
1809:
1789:
1782:
1762:
1755:
1735:
1728:
1704:(1): 77–93.
1701:
1697:
1687:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1620:
1613:
1593:
1586:
1559:
1555:
1522:
1515:
1495:
1488:
1468:
1461:
1427:(4): 261–7.
1424:
1420:
1360:
1188:
1134:
1096:ketoconazole
1088:bicalutamide
1044:progestogens
1037:
1032:hypogonadism
1024:
1006:neurohormone
1003:hypothalamic
976:
973:Pharmacology
963:
960:Side effects
951:
875:
859:intranasally
808:
800:
796:
792:
488:chemotherapy
485:
371:
357:
354:Medical uses
335:
333:
301:osteoporosis
271:and include
262:Side effects
260:
256:nasal sprays
192:sex hormones
184:GnRH agonist
183:
179:
177:
165:Legal status
40:
29:
3557:Triptorelin
3552:Salmon GnRH
3517:Gonadorelin
3125:menotropins
3037:Infertility
2943:from market
2918:Metallibure
2825:haloperidol
2821:risperidone
2813:domperidone
2805:antagonists
2792:oxandrolone
2729:anastrozole
2719:enclomifene
2537:Antagonists
2527:Triptorelin
2492:Gonadorelin
2205:(1): 91–4.
2093:(1): 7–15.
2087:Urol. Oncol
1348:Triptorelin
1320:Leuprorelin
1216:triptorelin
1192:leuprorelin
1139:antagonists
932:leuprorelin
922:leuprorelin
908:triptorelin
904:leuprorelin
898:triptorelin
894:leuprorelin
863:nasal spray
835:triptorelin
827:leuprorelin
815:gonadorelin
803:this year.
799:= Launched
771:Triptorelin
737:Nasal spray
705:Leuprorelin
615:Gonadorelin
447:adenomyosis
439:menorrhagia
365:as part of
344:triptorelin
340:leuprorelin
311:. They are
305:infertility
285:hot flashes
266:sex hormone
171:In Wikidata
131:paraphilias
99:Menorrhagia
56:Leuprorelin
3829:Categories
3657:Linzagolix
3635:Prazarelix
3595:Cetrorelix
3562:Zoptarelin
3507:Fertirelin
3502:Deslorelin
3455:modulators
3339:Sperm bank
2913:Gestrinone
2873:progestins
2843:bifluranol
2811:) (incl.,
2654:(indirect)
2634:Menotropin
2578:Linzagolix
2553:Cetrorelix
2487:Fertirelin
2482:Deslorelin
2446:modulators
1469:Andropathy
1399:References
1264:Fertirelin
1250:Deslorelin
1208:deslorelin
1183:See also:
1084:nilutamide
1064:fosfestrol
1018:(FSH) and
847:fertirelin
843:deslorelin
797:Footnotes:
775:Decapeptyl
687:Dalmarelin
593:Fertirelin
571:Deslorelin
480:paraphilic
325:production
269:deficiency
226:in women,
210:, certain
42:Drug class
3810:ADX-61623
3756:Peptides:
3753:Agonists:
3707:Peptides:
3704:Agonists:
3672:Sufugolix
3667:Relugolix
3640:Ramorelix
3610:Ganirelix
3605:Detirelix
3600:Degarelix
3590:Azaline B
3577:Peptides:
3547:Peforelin
3542:Nafarelin
3527:Histrelin
3522:Goserelin
3497:Buserelin
3479:Peptides:
3476:Agonists:
3293:Surrogacy
3103:clomifene
2953:Phase III
2941:Withdrawn
2847:estradiol
2839:Estrogens
2833:sulpiride
2776:Androgens
2715:clomifene
2711:tamoxifen
2684:flutamide
2583:Relugolix
2563:Ganirelix
2558:Degarelix
2522:Peforelin
2517:Nafarelin
2507:Lecirelin
2502:Histrelin
2497:Goserelin
2477:Buserelin
2451:analogues
2164:Eur. Urol
1334:Nafarelin
1306:Histrelin
1292:Goserelin
1236:Buserelin
1212:nafarelin
1204:goserelin
1200:histrelin
1196:buserelin
1179:Chemistry
1080:flutamide
1056:estrogens
1010:pituitary
956:X drugs.
942:nafarelin
938:buserelin
928:histrelin
918:goserelin
914:buserelin
890:histrelin
886:buserelin
851:injection
831:nafarelin
823:histrelin
819:goserelin
811:buserelin
781:Injection
759:Injection
749:Peforelin
727:Nafarelin
693:Injection
683:Lecirelin
661:Histrelin
637:Goserelin
603:Injection
553:Suprefact
549:Buserelin
380:(hCG) to
254:, and as
234:, and to
115:Hirsutism
62:agonists.
3662:Opigolix
3652:Elagolix
3630:Ozarelix
3580:Abarelix
3537:Lutrelin
3487:Avorelin
3482:Alarelin
3344:Ova bank
3302:Donation
2965:See also
2875:, e.g.,
2841:(incl.,
2802:receptor
2738:agonists
2573:Elagolix
2548:Abarelix
2545:Peptide:
2469:Peptide:
2461:Agonists
2353:31294133
2304:19035858
2268:26150586
2219:15711607
2149:10678560
2107:25159013
2069:36964191
2041:Drug Saf
2023:10783343
1983:10011200
1975:28753828
1937:16986003
1915:Rev Urol
1720:29289377
1679:45436435
1671:12536358
1578:19440008
1453:22028996
1377:See also
1094:such as
1074:such as
1042:such as
1013:hormones
995:peptides
979:agonists
841:include
787:302,000
753:Maprelin
743:117,000
721:536,000
677:283,000
655:400,000
631:259,000
565:253,000
435:estrogen
372:in vitro
313:agonists
283:such as
273:symptoms
202:such as
159:Peptides
74:Synonyms
3620:LXT-101
3585:Acyline
3394:Related
3244:embryos
2908:Danazol
2871:(incl.
2782:(e.g.,
2740:(e.g.,
2727:(e.g.,
2709:(e.g.,
2682:(e.g.,
2449:(incl.
2344:6607074
2284:BJU Int
2227:9151853
2184:7541359
2061:8481213
1928:1476081
1444:3193774
981:of the
855:implant
731:Synarel
699:19,700
671:Implant
649:Implant
641:Zoladex
609:41,000
597:Ovalyse
587:85,100
531:Gonazon
403:cancers
321:release
315:of the
3692:LH/hCG
3353:Ethics
3324:Embryo
3249:oocyte
3045:Female
2936:WHO-EM
2652:Others
2351:
2341:
2302:
2266:
2225:
2217:
2182:
2147:
2105:
2067:
2059:
2021:
1981:
1973:
1935:
1925:
1887:
1824:
1797:
1770:
1743:
1718:
1677:
1669:
1628:
1601:
1576:
1530:
1503:
1476:
1451:
1441:
1206:, and
1169:range.
1090:; and
1086:, and
985:, the
833:, and
793:Notes:
765:3,240
543:9,190
516:Launch
513:Routes
336:-relin
329:gonads
3329:Sperm
3259:semen
3144:(IVF)
2703:SERMs
2223:S2CID
2065:S2CID
1979:S2CID
1675:S2CID
1078:like
1058:like
1046:like
861:as a
857:, or
853:, by
449:, or
250:, as
214:like
3802:NAMs
3512:GnRH
3464:GnRH
3450:and
3444:GnRH
3055:LGBT
3050:Male
2970:GnRH
2771:axis
2743:GnRH
2736:GnRH
2675:axis
2444:GnRH
2433:and
2427:GnRH
2349:PMID
2300:PMID
2264:PMID
2215:PMID
2180:PMID
2145:PMID
2103:PMID
2057:PMID
2019:PMID
1971:PMID
1933:PMID
1885:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1768:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1716:PMID
1667:PMID
1626:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1574:PMID
1528:ISBN
1501:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1449:PMID
1214:and
1137:and
1098:and
1054:and
1050:and
997:and
845:and
784:1986
762:2001
740:1990
718:1985
696:2000
674:1993
652:1989
628:1978
606:1981
584:1994
562:1984
540:2005
520:Hits
504:Name
279:and
218:and
206:and
190:and
133:and
129:for
60:GnRH
3741:FSH
3132:hCG
3110:FSH
2769:HPG
2673:HPG
2339:PMC
2331:doi
2292:doi
2288:102
2254:doi
2207:doi
2172:doi
2135:doi
2095:doi
2049:doi
2011:doi
1963:doi
1923:PMC
1706:doi
1659:doi
1564:doi
1439:PMC
1429:doi
989:of
275:of
244:IVF
238:in
83:Use
3831::
3647:;
2949::
2895:,
2891:,
2887:,
2883:,
2879:,
2861:,
2857:,
2853:,
2849:,
2845:,
2831:,
2827:,
2823:,
2819:,
2815:,
2790:,
2786:,
2773:):
2717:,
2713:,
2690:,
2686:,
2677:):
2347:.
2337:.
2327:60
2325:.
2321:.
2298:.
2286:.
2262:.
2250:13
2248:.
2244:.
2221:.
2213:.
2201:.
2178:.
2168:27
2166:.
2143:.
2131:29
2129:.
2125:.
2101:.
2091:33
2089:.
2077:^
2063:.
2055:.
2043:.
2031:^
2017:.
2007:15
2005:.
1985:.
1977:.
1969:.
1957:.
1945:^
1931:.
1917:.
1913:.
1899:^
1867:^
1857:.
1714:.
1702:15
1700:.
1696:.
1673:.
1665:.
1655:20
1653:.
1649:.
1572:.
1560:82
1558:.
1554:.
1542:^
1447:.
1437:.
1425:15
1423:.
1419:.
1407:^
1202:,
1198:,
1194:,
1102:.
1082:,
1070:;
1062:,
940:,
930:,
920:,
916:,
906:,
896:,
892:,
888:,
880::
873:.
829:,
825:,
821:,
817:,
813:,
801:by
445:,
441:,
303:,
299:,
295:,
291:,
287:,
258:.
222:,
178:A
125:;
121:;
117:;
113:;
109:;
105:;
101:;
97:;
93:;
89:;
3804::
3435:e
3428:t
3421:v
3021:e
3014:t
3007:v
2899:)
2865:)
2835:)
2807:(
2800:2
2798:D
2794:)
2778:/
2749:)
2731:)
2721:)
2700:/
2694:)
2589:)
2585:(
2453:)
2418:e
2411:t
2404:v
2355:.
2333::
2306:.
2294::
2270:.
2256::
2229:.
2209::
2203:8
2186:.
2174::
2151:.
2137::
2109:.
2097::
2071:.
2051::
2045:8
2025:.
2013::
1965::
1959:5
1939:.
1919:3
1893:.
1830:.
1803:.
1776:.
1749:.
1722:.
1708::
1681:.
1661::
1634:.
1607:.
1580:.
1566::
1536:.
1509:.
1482:.
1455:.
1431::
1127:e
1120:t
1113:v
475:.
464:.
430:.
420:.
413:.
182:(
20:)
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