46:
297:”. In Spring 2011, Perry and Fuchs sent the DNA they had found to Sudarshana, who confirmed the virus was GRBaV. In Fall 2012, Sudarshana, Perry, and Fuchs formally presented grapevine red blotch disease as a joint discovery to the International Council for the Study of Viruses and Virus-like Diseases of the Grapevine.
341:
Research indicates that red blotch is not a new disease, but has been overlooked until its discovery at UC Davis in 2008 because its symptoms appear similar to those of grapevine leafroll disease. There are two key symptomatic differences between the diseases. While both diseases result in abnormal
535:
Currently, the only advised method of control is replacing infected vines with new, virus-free grapevines, which results in years of lost production until the new vines mature. Economic analyses suggest replacing individual symptomatic vines if red blotch is present in less than 30% of a vineyard,
313:
symptoms. Foliar symptoms typically begin appearing in mid-summer as irregular blotches on leaf blades at the base of infected grapevines. Over time, the blotches spread upward from the base to the top of the grapevine canopy. In red grape varieties, the blotches are red; in white grape varieties,
203:, the disease affects grapevines of all varieties and is internationally present. Symptoms typically include red blotches on the leaves of red varieties and in pale green or pale yellow blotches on white varieties. It significantly reduces the value of
342:
red coloring on affected grapevine leaves, leafroll affected leaves only turn red in and around the secondary veins of the grapevine leaf; red blotch affected leaves turn red in both the primary and secondary veins as well as in the
337:
and dropping by as much as 6 degrees Brix in some varieties. Premium wine producers in
California estimate that a 100% red blotch infection can reduce the value of a vineyard by as much as $ 68,000 per acre.
346:
zones. Secondly, unlike with leafroll, leaves affected by red blotch do not typically roll inwards at their edges. Symptoms of red blotch may also be mistaken for plant stress or nutritional deficiencies.
512:
areas, which may explain the spread of the disease in some vineyards. Sudarshana and Zalom are currently investigating closely related insect species to identify additional vectors.
536:
and replacing the entire vineyard if red blotch is present in more than 30%. The use of pesticides to control the three-cornered alfalfa treehopper is not currently recommended.
266:
Mysore
Sudarshana discovered the disease was entirely different and named it red blotch. After four years of research, he confirmed the disease was caused by GRBaV through a
833:
333:
factors that reduce the quality and market value of wine made from affected grapes. Sugar accumulation may be significantly reduced, typically dropping by 3 degrees
243:) was confirmed as a vector for the disease in 2016, but there are currently no advised treatments for red blotch other than removing and replacing affected vines.
1130:
661:"Phylogeny of Geminivirus Coat Protein Sequences and Digital PCR Aid in Identifying Spissistilus festinus as a Vector of Grapevine red blotch-associated virus"
631:
602:
914:
891:
967:
808:
993:
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for GRBaV: the three-cornered alfalfa treehopper (Spissistilus festinus). Previously considered a minor vineyard pest in the
1014:
1108:
1158:
317:
Red blotch disease results in delayed berry ripening, altered berry color, and a smaller berry size. It adversely affects
359:
or grapevine red blotch-associated Virus (GRBaV), a single-stranded circular DNA virus. GRBaV is a member of the genus
45:
1135:
289:
Concurrently, Keith Perry and Marc Fuchs encountered the same virus while DNA-testing a
Cabernet Franc vineyard in
271:
854:
881:
554:
239:
1163:
1070:
632:"Cornell and UC Davis Identify a New Virus Associated with Red Blotch Disease - Viticulture and Enology"
274:. Sudarshana also confirmed the virus affected many different varieties of grapevine through testing of
215:
384:
Research suggests a wide geographic distribution, as well as a widespread occurrence in red and white
260:
40:
555:"Establishment of two new genera and creation of two unassigned species in the family Geminiviridae"
553:
Varsani, Arvind; Martin, Darren; Zerbini, F. Murilo; Roumagnac, Philippe; Fuchs, Marc (July 2016).
470:
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GRBaV has been found both in young and mature vineyards, and has been detected in
Cabernet Franc,
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407:
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256:
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915:"Red Blotch Disease and the Virus Status of CDFA-certified Grapevine Stock « Lodi Growers"
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17:
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Bahder, Brian W.; Zalom, Frank G.; Jayanth, Maya; Sudarshana, Mysore R. (October 2016).
293:. Unaware the virus affected many types of grapevines, they initially called the virus “
741:
524:
520:
386:
279:
118:
106:
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Meng, Baozhong; Martelli, Giovanni P.; Golino, Deborah A.; Fuchs, Marc (5 July 2017).
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768:"Grapevine Red Blotch-Associated Virus, an Emerging Threat to the Grapevine Industry"
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130:
1122:
442:
438:
399:
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603:"Researchers seek answers to basic questions about options for red blotch disease"
519:, but there is no evidence that it can be transmitted by mechanical means such as
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376:. Within GRBaV, two groups of genetic variants have been identified so far.
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Resources, University of
California, Division of Agriculture and Natural.
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cultivars. Infected vines have been identified in
California, New York,
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Sudarshana, Mysore R.; Perry, Keith L.; Fuchs, Marc F. (25 June 2015).
505:
497:
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into plant material to pre-digest it. The injection leads to tell-tale
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481:, the three-cornered alfalfa treehopper spreads GRBaV while injecting
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Grapevine
Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management
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The three-cornered alfalfa treehopper's preferred hosts include
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1068:
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The discovery of red blotch and GRBaV is jointly credited to
508:. These plants are often found on the edges of vineyards in
318:
259:
disease had emerged at an experimental research station in
564:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
207:
collected from the berries of affected vines, costing
181:. The disease is caused by a single-stranded circular
968:"Understanding the Economics of Red Blotch in Grapes"
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465:In 2016, Sudarshana, UC Davis entomology professor
314:the blotches may be pale green to pale yellow.
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8:
1015:"Vector Transmitting Red Blotch Virus Found"
832:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
255:and Mike Anderson suspected a new strain of
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29:
1038:
1036:
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295:grapevine cabernet franc–associated virus
237:. The three-cornered alfalfa treehopper (
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939:
937:
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469:, and UC Davis post-doctoral researcher
410:. A nearly identical virus was found in
1044:"Researchers Confirm Red Blotch Vector"
710:
708:
706:
704:
545:
825:
809:"Grapevine Red Blotch Disease (GRBaV)"
716:"Red Blotch Rising - SevenFifty Daily"
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211:owners as much as $ 65,000 per acre.
193:grapevine red blotch-associated virus
7:
654:
652:
489:at the injection site on grapevine
27:Viral disease affecting grapevines
25:
44:
636:grapesandwine.cals.cornell.edu
305:Red blotch presents with both
251:In 2008, UC Davis researchers
1:
169:(GRBD), also known simply as
742:"Red blotch knowledge grows"
167:Grapevine red blotch disease
785:10.1094/phyto-12-14-0369-fi
678:10.1094/phyto-03-16-0125-fi
473:identified the first known
365:, and is one of only a few
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1109:Grapevine red blotch virus
1079:Grapevine red blotch virus
515:GRBaV is transmittable by
369:currently known to infect
357:grapevine red blotch virus
272:next-generation sequencing
188:grapevine red blotch virus
157:Grapevine red blotch virus
34:Grapevine red blotch virus
18:Grapevine red blotch virus
903:– via Google Books.
39:
32:
355:Red blotch is caused by
229:, and Keith Perry and
199:. First identified in
954:cemendocino.ucanr.edu
240:Spissistilus festinus
1159:Viral grape diseases
1001:ecommons.cornell.edu
607:westernfarmpress.com
261:Oakville, California
41:Virus classification
919:www.lodigrowers.com
504:, and its namesake
233:, virologists from
1019:growingproduce.com
972:growingproduce.com
813:cesonoma.ucanr.edu
419:Cabernet Sauvignon
329:levels, and other
276:Cabernet Sauvignon
257:grapevine leafroll
1146:
1145:
1071:Taxon identifiers
1048:winesandvines.com
862:vinehealth.com.au
671:(10): 1223–1230.
216:Mysore Sudarshana
164:
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16:(Redirected from
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374:perennial plants
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1051:. Retrieved
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976:. Retrieved
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922:. Retrieved
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897:. Retrieved
886:. Springer.
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611:. Retrieved
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566:. Retrieved
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471:Brian Bahder
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443:Petit Verdot
439:Petite Syrah
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400:Pennsylvania
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380:Epidemiology
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84:Shotokuvirae
83:
72:Monodnaviria
71:
64:
54:(unranked):
33:
1103:Wikispecies
994:"Factsheet"
947:"Factsheet"
855:"Factsheet"
479:North Coast
467:Frank Zalom
362:Grablovirus
344:interveinal
323:anthocyanin
253:Jim Wolpert
177:disease of
144:Grablovirus
1153:Categories
540:References
531:Management
447:Pinot noir
423:Chardonnay
408:Washington
231:Marc Fuchs
223:virologist
201:California
171:red blotch
1094:Q29006927
687:0031-949X
523:or other
455:Zinfandel
435:Mourvèdre
284:Zinfandel
247:Discovery
183:DNA virus
179:grapevine
151:Species:
79:Kingdom:
1088:Wikidata
1053:22 March
1025:22 March
978:22 March
924:22 March
899:22 March
828:cite web
818:22 March
794:25738551
751:22 March
726:22 March
695:27111804
641:22 March
613:22 March
568:22 March
517:grafting
510:riparian
491:petioles
487:girdling
451:Riesling
396:Maryland
392:Virginia
387:vinifera
331:phenolic
325:levels,
301:Symptoms
291:New York
227:UC Davis
220:USDA-ARS
209:vineyard
127:Family:
91:Phylum:
1136:1381007
506:alfalfa
502:legumes
498:grasses
461:Vectors
235:Cornell
173:, is a
139:Genus:
115:Order:
103:Class:
890:
792:
693:
685:
453:, and
431:Merlot
427:Malbec
412:Canada
406:, and
327:tannin
307:foliar
282:, and
1123:3H8KM
997:(PDF)
950:(PDF)
858:(PDF)
558:(PDF)
404:Texas
371:woody
351:Cause
311:fruit
205:juice
197:GRBaV
175:viral
65:Realm
58:Virus
1131:NCBI
1055:2018
1027:2018
980:2018
926:2018
901:2018
888:ISBN
834:link
820:2018
790:PMID
753:2018
728:2018
691:PMID
683:ISSN
643:2018
615:2018
570:2018
335:Brix
309:and
218:, a
1118:CoL
780:doi
776:105
673:doi
669:106
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