280:, had serious hampered the development of the first Chinese CDS. The only prototype built was plagued with reliability problem, and instead of the originally name planned, the system was frequently and candidly referred by the nickname given by the sailors as seasick machine (Yun-chuan-ji, 晕船机) due to its frequent breakdowns, especially in severe sea states. As a result, Type 670-I Poseidon-1 did not enter service after seven years of development. Although Type 670-1 failed to enter production and service, it is nonetheless an important milestone in the development of CDS in China in that it has provided the foundation of CDS framework for similar systems developed later in China.
585:, and associated Castor fire control radar. On December 22, 1986, French systems were selected by China and contract was signed in the following month in January 1987 for two sets, which were subsequently delivered in the following year. On August 24, 1988, installation of the first set on board Type 051 destroyer No. 109 begun, and the 2nd set was also installed on another ship of Type 051 destroyer (rumored to be No. 110). Due to the urgent need, both set of French systems were installed on ships and nothing was left for research and reverse engineering like other foreign systems China imported. Therefore, ZKJ-4/4A/4AG is not a Chinese copy of French TAVITAC.
276:(IC). The minicomputer is capable of performing two hundred thousand operations per second (ops/sec). The thirty-one centimeter display is fully transistorized and adopts a mixture of analog and digital circuitry. If accepted into service, the system would be designated as ZKJ, short for Zi-dong Kong-zhi Ji-qi (自动控制机器), meaning automatic control machine, because system was intended to automate shipborne weaponry control that was performed manually. However, the political turmoil in China at the time, namely, the
642:. Other important figures in ZKJ-5 program included program engineers Li Shuyun (李淑云) and Hu Bin (胡彬). Zhang Zihe pioneered the design of incorporating microcomputer/PC to the system, which was almost rejected when first proposed because it was the first attempt in China, but eventually the idea was accepted and proved successful. PCs/microcomputers incorporated in ZKJ-5 combat data system are the intelligence workstations to replace the dumb terminals used on previous systems.
117:
22:
657:, and as older ships of PLAN receive their upgrade, earlier CDS such as ZKJ-4 series have been replaced by ZKJ-5 CDS. ZKJ-5 CDS is able to receive orders from higher level on the chain of command, and coordinate the battle plan as whole, as well as providing the battle plan of the ship to the high level in the chain of command, which is essential in network centric warfare.
694:
CDS are subsequent succeeding models developed from ZKT-1, and in comparison to ZKT-1, the latest models in the series have been upgraded significantly by incorporating tactical software, databanks, and amphibious warfare software and command system, and helicopter control system. Other features
418:
solutions for Type 65 ASW mortars, ASW rocket/missile launchers and ASW torpedo tubes. SIASWFCS can provide fire solutions to two different targets with up to two different types of ASW weaponry simultaneously and it (and later models) has been standard equipment on board
Chinese warships since.
417:
ystem (Chinese: 舰载综合反潜火控系统 Jian-zai Zong-he Fan-qian Huo-kong Xi-tong), the first kind in
Chinese service. SIASWFCS links up onboard sensors and ASW weaponry, and once top priority targets are identified, SIASWFCS would be able to simultaneously engage two targets by automatically providing fire
288:
In 1970, orders were given to develop a successor of earlier Type 673-I CDS named
Poseidon-2, with the same general designer reassigned to the 724th Institute. Type 673-II follows the same design of its predecessor but with a new computer developed by the 709th Institute. The 32K-RAM, 32-bit new
730:
No. 167. In addition to command surface fleet, the ship is also capable of command amphibious warfare. However, the 1990s technology utilized was not satisfactory, because the resulting system was too bulky and too heavy. As a result, subsequent ships of PLAN were not equipped with this first
508:. CCS-3 differs from ZKJ-3 mainly in data links: Thai ships were equipped with a data link back to shore headquarters, and after delivery, a US inter-ship data link is also incorporated. The general designer of CCS-3 is Mr. Chen Yongqing (陈永清). The CIC associated with ZKJ-3 was
449:. ZKJ-3 CDS has multiple input/output interfaces, and the software can be expanded when needed thanks to its modular design. In comparison to earlier Type 673-II/ZKJ-I CDS, the capability of ZKJ-3 has been expanded. Some of the additional capability includes compatibility with
572:
tique) because the French CDS were not delivered to China after ZKJ-4/4A/4AG series were already completed: on
November 23, 1984, China decided to import naval SAM, ASW helicopter and torpedo. From July 10 thru September 26, 1985, a Chinese delegation from
674:, which is developed by the 716th Institute. Instead of the three tiered command system of ZKJ series, ZKT series adopts two-tiered command system. ZKT series does share the same characteristics of centralized command and integrated control of ZKJ series.
677:
ZKT-1 is the first model of the ZKT series CDS, with development completed in 1992. ZKT-1 CDS is very flexible thanks to its modular design, and depending on the onboard weaponry, the operator consoles can be adjusted accordingly. ZKT-1 was first used on
718:: H for Haijun (海军, meaning naval in Chinese), Z for Zhihui (指挥, meaning command in Chinese), and B for Biandui (编队, meaning fleet formation in Chinese), J for Jian (舰, meaning ship in Chinese). The official H/ZBJ designation is generally abbreviated as
597:
IPN-10 combat data system, and borrowed heavily from SADOC 2 (systema dirizione della operazioni di combattimento) CDS, the export version of IPN-10 delivered to China in 1985. The
Italian design features such as three-man level display and
236:: H for Haijun (海军, meaning naval in Chinese), Z for Zhihui (指挥, meaning command in Chinese), and K for Kongzhi (控制, meaning control in Chinese), J for Jian (舰, meaning ship in Chinese) and T for Ting (艇, meaning boat vivid pop in Chinese).
376:
onsole) combat direction system, which can simultaneously track 20 targets. The general designer of ZKJ-II is Mr. Yan Jun-Xing (严俊星), and the CDS is named as
Poseidon-3. Developed by the 724th Research Institute, ZKJ-II is installed on
304:
The political turmoil once again severely hampered the development of Type 673-II CDS, it was not until in
November 1979, three years after the end of the Cultural Revolution, when the system first begun its trials on land, utilizing
244:
The predecessor of all
Chinese CDS/CMS is the first CDS in China designated as Type 670-1, which was developed by the 706th Institute under the request of 701st and 713th Institutes, when the latter two were assigned to develop
637:
ZKJ-5 is a CDS developed by the 709th
Institute to replace all previous CDS on major surface combatants of PLAN. The general designer of ZKJ-5 was Zhang Zihe (张子鹤), head of the 709th Research Institute of the 7th Academy of
384:
Based on the
British CTC-1629, one of the characteristics of ZKJ-II is that it is linked to domestic Chinese fire control system (FCS), and one of the most important of these is SIASWFCS, which is the abbreviation of
512:, rumored to be electrical combat information center. The significance of CCS-3 is that it naming practice was adopted by Chinese for later models in the future CDS, with Arabic numbers replaced the Roman numerals.
735:
when PLAN ships begun to be equipped with fleet command systems. The knowledge and experience gained in the development of first generation fleet command system helped China to develop more capable models later.
726:, PLAN takes a different approach by installing fleet command systems on large principal surface combatants to act as command ship. The first PLAN naval ship with a modern fleet command system installed is its
669:
series CDS, which is intended for fast attack crafts such as missile boats, and other lightly armed surface combatants such as patrol ships, light frigates, and amphibious warfare ships. The current series is
544:
specs/standards. ZJK-4A is capable of tracking and processing sixty batches of targets in fully automatic mode, and tracking eighty batches of targets in manual mode. Land trials begun in November 1986 in
1045:
336:
When Type 673-II was accepted into service after thirteen years of development, it received PLAN designation H/ZKJ-I, and the original name of automatic control machine given in the
793:
464:
No. 535 in December 1986, and the 2nd set was subsequently installed on the 2nd ship of the same class No. 536. The 3rd ship of the class No. 527 received an upgraded version
1102:
484:. Starting with this model, all ZKJ series are renamed following the convention used on the export model for Thailand, with Roman numerals replaced by Arabic numbers.
549:, and sea trials were conducted in May 1987, and the system was delivered and installed on Type 051G destroyer No. 165 in 1988. An improved version designated as
453:
and Type 681A IFF, and providing info from SJD-5 sonar to antisubmarine depth charge launchers. ZKJ-3 CDS also incorporates tactical software developed by
32:
602:
B spec/standard are adopted for later models. ZKJ-4B incorporates 052 Integrated Command Decision-making System (052综合指挥决策系统), a software named after
639:
457:, which includes two portions, one for threat analysis, and the other for ship maneuvering to assist naval commanders to make tactical decisions.
763:. ZBJ-1A is a fleet command system designed to command and control operations of an amphibious fleet/task force, and is reported installed on
1063:
348:
abbreviation remains the same. Type 673-II/ZKJ-I was used on early models of Type 051 destroyer No. 132. ZKJ-1 subsequently was upgraded to
593:
ZKJ-4B series CDS with modular design is the first Chinese CDS utilizes ruggedized computers, and it is the Chinese equivalent of Italian
629:
No. 167. During the upgrades of these ships in the early and mid-2010s, ZKJ-4B/4BII series has been replaced by more advanced ZKJ-5 CDS.
764:
700:
776:
200:
138:
131:
798:
496:(reported to be the abbreviation of Command and Control System 3, from ZKJ-III it was developed from) was installed on board two
221:
290:
220:
series naval systems are Chinese combat data /management systems (CDS/CMS) installed on board Chinese surface combatants of the
1092:
321:. In October 1983, the system was removed from Destroyer No. 105 and installed on board another Type 051 destroyer, No. 132 in
1097:
47:
352:
standard, and the major improvement is the replacement of Type 911 computer with more advanced computer by 724th Institute.
577:
headed by Rear Admiral Zheng Ming (郑明), the head of PLAN Equipment Department evaluated French naval systems developed by
293:
IC, it is capable of performing half a million ops/sec. Type 671-II can automatically provide fire solution channels for
257:, and given the name Poseidon-1 (Hai-shen Yi-Hao, 海神1号), with development begun in 1966 and concluded seven years later.
301:
radars in real time. The one meter by one meter display of Type 670-II CDS is much larger than that of its predecessor.
1052:
Crack troops forming high efficiency: the real warfighting capability of Chinese Communists in high-tech localized wars
625:, which is installed on board the 2nd Type 052 destroyer No. 113. In addition, ZKJ-4BII CDS is also installed on board
181:
90:
153:
62:
803:
360:
ZKJ-II is frequently but erroneously referred by many as ZKJ-3, but in reality, ZKJ-II is the actual CDS based on
127:
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1041:
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69:
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and video feed, incorporating dozens of software packages and data banks. ZKJ-5 is installed on board
556:
Contrary to many frequent but erroneous claims, ZKJ-4/4A/4AG is not a Chinese copy of French TAVITAC (
607:
454:
149:
58:
752:
748:
732:
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is the fleet command system developed by China for its PLAN. The designation is an abbreviation of
626:
477:
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277:
528:, it was a subsystem of Type 051G destroyer in Type 051 destroyer upgrade program. Development of
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is another development of ZBJ-1, which is designed to command and control operations of an
755:. Based on the original ZBJ-1, a series of fleet command systems were developed, including
505:
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was changed to a much more accurate description of Naval / Command, Control, Shipborne (
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The first widely used shipborne fleet command system on board Chinese naval ships is
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and video feed, like that adopted by ZKJ series CDS. ZKT-1B is installed on board
333:. Type 673-II CDS is capable of handling a total of seventeen batches of targets.
317:
for sea trials, which were conducted in July and August the same year, utilizing
611:
578:
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116:
21:
260:
Type 670-I CDS is a centralized system based on specially developed 22-bit, 8K-
443:
329:, which was completed in twenty days in December 1983, utilizing Type 354 and
253:) as the general designer, with the CDS designated as Type 670-I shipborne
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it was planned to equip, and it is decision making software developed by
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434:, ZKJ-3 is designed to replace minicomputers in earlier designs with
345:
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generation Chinese naval fleet command system, and it was not until
621:
Only a single set of ZKJ-4B was completed, and it was followed by
533:
361:
472:
is reported to equip Type 053H1G Jianghu-V class frigates, while
553:
was installed on the 2nd unit of Type 051G destroyer No. 166.
269:
261:
110:
15:
1040:
Hsu, Yanhua /許衍華 (April 1, 2005). "Chapter 8 Analysis of the
289:
computer is designated as Type 911, and based on small-scale
344:: Haijun / Zhihui-Kongzhi-Jianzai, 海军/指挥-控制-舰载), though the
532:
begun in January 1984 by the 709th Institute using eleven
665:
In addition to ZKJ series CDS, China has also developed
775:
fleet/task force, which is reported installed on board
43:
645:
ZKJ-5 is a distributed system with duplex fiber optic
1044:
warfighting capability in high-tech localized wars".
1058:: Showwe Information Co., Ltd. (秀威出版). p. 373.
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and named as Poseidon-4, but later re-designated as
39:
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Naval Weaponry of the People's Liberation Army Navy
618:and installed on board Type 052 destroyer No. 112.
309:. In April 1980, the system was installed on board
249:in 1966. Mr. Qin Xue-Chang (秦学昌, born in 1940 in
232:for short. The designation is an abbreviation of
451:Type 352 targeting radar for anti-ship missiles
536:80/30 microcomputers, and the CDS is built to
8:
48:introducing citations to additional sources
468:. A further upgraded version designated as
1103:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
1014:
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224:(PLAN), and they are usually referred as
201:Learn how and when to remove this message
996:"ZKJ, ZBJ & ZKT combat data systems"
777:Type 001 Liaoning class aircraft carrier
492:An export version ZKJ-III designated as
38:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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137:Please improve this article by adding
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680:Type 037II Houjian-class missile boat
482:Type 053H3 Jiangwei-II class frigates
478:Type 053H2G Jiangwei-I class frigates
7:
747:, which is first installed on board
462:Type 053H2 Jianghu-III class frigate
902:"ZKJ & ZKT combat data systems"
307:Type 381 passive phased array radar
765:Type 071 amphibious transport dock
722:. Instead of building specialized
701:Type 071 amphibious transport dock
379:Type 053K Jiangdong class frigates
14:
682:of PLAN, and it was built to the
799:Advanced combat direction system
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31:relies largely or entirely on a
20:
610:. After land trials in 1990 in
460:ZKJ-III was first installed on
1:
319:Type 354 surface search radar
222:People's Liberation Army Navy
139:secondary or tertiary sources
695:includes duplex fiber optic
284:Type 673-II Poseidon-2/ZKJ-I
524:and later re-designated as
331:Type 342 fire control radar
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804:Naval Tactical Data System
325:for further sea trials in
216:series and its derivative
743:, usually abbreviated as
520:Originally designated as
440:multilayered architecture
426:Originally designated as
255:combat information center
809:Ship Self-Defense System
614:, ZKJ-4B was shipped to
1093:Anti-submarine warfare
1047:精兵合成高效: 中共高技術局部戰爭能力的虛實
126:relies excessively on
1098:Anti-aircraft warfare
581:, including TAVITAC,
240:Type 673-I Poseidon-1
608:Dalian Naval Academy
455:Dalian Naval Academy
268:, which is built on
44:improve this article
1042:Chinese Communists'
753:Type 052D destroyer
749:Type 052C destroyer
733:Type 052C destroyer
728:Type 051B destroyer
651:Type 052 destroyers
627:Type 051B destroyer
502:Type 053HT frigates
338:Cultural Revolution
278:Cultural Revolution
274:integrated circuits
655:Type 054A frigates
604:Type 052 destroyer
362:Racal Marine Radar
311:Type 051 destroyer
247:Type 051 destroyer
1065:978-9-867-26323-0
575:Poly Technologies
356:Poseidon-3/ZKJ-II
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29:This article
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1069:. Retrieved
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905:. Retrieved
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686:B standard.
684:MIL-STD-1553
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612:Lianyungang
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313:No. 105 in
1087:Categories
815:References
560:raitement
504:built for
444:Intel 8086
393:ntegrated
161:newspapers
128:references
70:newspapers
1071:August 4,
1020:"SIAWFCS"
907:April 20,
703:of PLAN.
401:ubmarine
389:hipborne
191:July 2019
100:July 2019
40:talk page
1001:June 11,
783:See also
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647:Ethernet
623:ZKJ-4BII
616:Shanghai
500:and two
498:Type 53T
474:ZKJ-IIIC
470:ZKJ-IIIB
466:ZKJ-IIIA
442:, using
372:actical
327:Zhoushan
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299:Type 343
295:Type 342
1054:].
1025:June 5,
741:H/ZBJ-1
551:ZKJ-4AG
428:ZKJ-III
413:ontrol
405:arfare
368:ommand
175:scholar
150:"H/ZKJ"
84:scholar
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1062:
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716:Pinyin
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688:ZKT-1A
595:Alenia
589:ZKJ-4B
542:RS-422
538:RS-232
530:ZKJ-4A
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510:ECIC-1
350:ZKJ-1A
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264:, MLB
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1050:[
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534:Intel
526:ZKJ-4
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494:CCS-1
488:CCS-3
438:with
432:ZKJ-3
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214:H/ZKJ
182:JSTOR
168:books
91:JSTOR
77:books
1073:2016
1060:ISBN
1027:2011
1003:2015
909:2011
759:and
690:and
653:and
540:and
480:and
409:ire
397:nti-
297:and
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154:news
63:news
720:ZBJ
667:ZKT
570:TAC
291:TTL
270:DTL
262:RAM
230:ZKT
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130:to
46:by
1089::
1011:^
917:^
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566:VI
381:.
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