Human–computer interaction

973:(VSD): a technique for building innovation that accounts for the individuals who utilize the design straightforwardly, and just as well for those who the design influences, either directly or indirectly. VSD utilizes an iterative planning process that includes three kinds of examinations: theoretical, exact, and specialized. Applied examinations target the understanding and articulation of the different parts of the design, and its qualities or any clashes that may emerge for the users of the design. Exact examinations are subjective or quantitative plans to explore things used to advise the creators' understanding regarding the clients' qualities, needs, and practices. Specialized examinations can include either investigation of how individuals use related advances or the framework plans. 830: 251: 1295:. A user should not need to retain important information solely in working memory or retrieve it from long-term memory. A menu, checklist, or another display can aid the user by easing the use of their memory. However, memory use may sometimes benefit the user by eliminating the need to reference some knowledge globally (e.g., an expert computer operator would rather use direct commands from memory than refer to a manual). The use of knowledge in a user's head and knowledge in the world must be balanced for an effective design. 1391:

emails, social networking, quick messaging, and various others. Much of this research draws from psychology, social psychology, and sociology. For example, one study found out that people expected a computer with a man's name to cost more than a machine with a woman's name. Other research finds that individuals perceive their interactions with computers more negatively than humans, despite behaving the same way towards these machines.

4564: 1301:. Proactive actions are usually more effective than reactive actions. A display should eliminate resource-demanding cognitive tasks and replace them with simpler perceptual tasks to reduce the user's mental resources. This will allow the user to focus on current conditions and to consider possible future conditions. An example of a predictive aid is a road sign displaying the distance to a certain destination. 1212:. Divided attention between two information sources may be necessary for the completion of one task. These sources must be mentally integrated and are defined to have close mental proximity. Information access costs should be low, which can be achieved in many ways (e.g., proximity, linkage by common colors, patterns, shapes, etc.). However, close display proximity can be harmful by causing too much clutter. 4590: 4577: 1827: 1321: 1232: 1118: 1017: 529: 339: 77: 692:----Audio-based interaction in human-computer interaction (HCI) is a crucial field focused on processing information acquired through various audio signals. While the nature of audio signals may be less diverse compared to visual signals, the information they provide can be highly reliable, valuable, and sometimes uniquely informative. The research areas within this domain include: 36: 949:(UCD): a cutting-edge, broadly-rehearsed plan theory established on the possibility that clients must become the overwhelming focus in the plan of any PC framework. Clients, architects, and specialized experts cooperate to determine the requirements and restrictions of the client and make a framework to support these components. Frequently, client-focused plans are informed by 1206:. When the user's attention is diverted from one location to another to access necessary information, there is an associated cost in time or effort. A display design should minimize this cost by allowing frequently accessed sources to be located at the nearest possible position. However, adequate legibility should not be sacrificed to reduce this cost. 928:

look at subjective science to establish zones, (for example, memory and consideration) when structuring UIs. Present-day models, in general, center around a steady input and discussion between clients, creators, and specialists and push for specialized frameworks to be folded with the sorts of encounters clients need to have, as opposed to wrapping

179: 439:(ACM) defines human–computer interaction as "a discipline that is concerned with the design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them". A key aspect of HCI is user satisfaction, also referred to as End-User Computing Satisfaction. It goes on to say: 1098:. If a signal is presented more than once, it is more likely to be understood correctly. This can be done by presenting the signal in alternative physical forms (e.g., color and shape, voice and print, etc.), as redundancy does not imply repetition. A traffic light is a good example of redundancy, as color and position are redundant. 1601:. Commercial systems can handle images, voice, sounds, video, text, formatted data. These are exchangeable over communication links among users. The separate consumer electronics fields (e.g., stereo sets, DVD players, televisions) and computers are beginning to merge. Computer and print fields are expected to cross-assimilate. 1624:. New display technologies are maturing, enabling huge displays and displays that are thin, lightweight, and low in power use. This has large effects on portability and will likely enable developing paper-like, pen-based computer interaction systems very different in feel from present desktop workstations. 1104:. Signals that appear to be similar will likely be confused. The ratio of similar features to different features causes signals to be similar. For example, A423B9 is more similar to A423B8 than 92 is to 93. Unnecessarily similar features should be removed, and dissimilar features should be highlighted. 1583:. Computers are expected to communicate through high-speed local networks, nationally over wide-area networks, and portably via infrared, ultrasonic, cellular, and other technologies. Data and computational services will be portably accessible from many if not most locations to which a user travels. 1002:

Certain principles may not apply to different displays or situations. Some principles may also appear to be conflicting, and there is no simple solution to say that one principle is more important than another. The principles may be tailored to a specific design or situation. Striking a functional

423:

in a way that cannot be achieved with other interface paradigms. The growth in human–computer interaction field has led to an increase in the quality of interaction, and resulted in many new areas of research beyond. Instead of designing regular interfaces, the different research branches focus on

1529:

Traditionally, computer use was modeled as a human–computer dyad in which the two were connected by a narrow explicit communication channel, such as text-based terminals. Much work has been done to make the interaction between a computing system and a human more reflective of the multidimensional

1390:

Social computing is an interactive and collaborative behavior considered between technology and people. In recent years, there has been an explosion of social science research focusing on interactions as the unit of analysis, as there are a lot of social computing technologies that include blogs,

927:

have developed since the conception of the field during the 1980s. Most plan philosophies come from a model for how clients, originators, and specialized frameworks interface. Early techniques treated clients' psychological procedures as unsurprising and quantifiable and urged plan specialists to

982:

Displays are human-made artifacts designed to support the perception of relevant system variables and facilitate further processing of that information. Before a display is designed, the task that the display is intended to support must be defined (e.g., navigating, controlling, decision making,

1630:. Public information utilities (such as home banking and shopping) and specialized industry services (e.g., weather for pilots) are expected to proliferate. The proliferation rate can accelerate with the introduction of high-bandwidth interaction and the improvement in the quality of interfaces. 1307:. Old habits from other displays will easily transfer to support the processing of new displays if they are designed consistently. A user's long-term memory will trigger actions that are expected to be appropriate. A design must accept this fact and utilize consistency among different displays. 683:

While the specific goals of each area vary based on applications, they collectively contribute to enhancing human-computer interaction. Notably, visual approaches have been explored as alternatives or aids to other types of interactions, such as audio- and sensor-based methods. For example, lip

324:

The first known use was in 1975 by Carlisle. The term is intended to convey that, unlike other tools with specific and limited uses, computers have many uses which often involve an open-ended dialogue between the user and the computer. The notion of dialogue likens human–computer interaction to

998:

These human perception and information processing principles can be utilized to create an effective display design. A reduction in errors, a reduction in required training time, an increase in efficiency, and an increase in user satisfaction are a few of the many potential benefits that can be

1421:

In the interaction of humans and computers, research has studied how computers can detect, process, and react to human emotions to develop emotionally intelligent information systems. Researchers have suggested several 'affect-detection channels'. The potential of telling human emotions in an

879:

Early focus is placed on the user(s) and task(s): How many users are needed to perform the task(s) is established and who the appropriate users should be is determined (someone who has never used the interface, and will not use the interface in the future, is most likely not a valid user). In

1530:

nature of everyday communication. Because of potential issues, human–computer interaction shifted focus beyond the interface to respond to observations as articulated by D. Engelbart: "If ease of use were the only valid criterion, people would stick to tricycles and never try bicycles."

508:

or throttle quadrant layouts: even though the new designs were proposed to be superior in basic human-machine interaction, pilots had already ingrained the "standard" layout. Thus, the conceptually good idea had unintended results. On a global scale, standard flight instruments as

716:----This section encompasses a diverse range of areas with broad applications, all of which involve the use of physical sensors to facilitate interaction between users and machines. These sensors can range from basic to highly sophisticated. The specific areas include: 1181:. A display should look like the variable that it represents (e.g., the high temperature on a thermometer shown as a higher vertical level). If there are multiple elements, they can be configured in a manner that looks like they would in the represented environment. 1092:. Signals are likely perceived and interpreted by what is expected based on a user's experience. If a signal is presented contrary to the user's expectation, more physical evidence of that signal may need to be presented to assure that it is understood correctly. 2122:

Culture, Online Technology, and Computer-Mediated Technical Documentation: Contributions from the Field of Intecultural Comunication. In: Kirk St.Amant, Sigrid Kelsey (Eds.): Computer-mediated Communication across Cultures: International Interactions in Online

983:

learning, entertaining, etc.). A user or operator must be able to process whatever information a system generates and displays; therefore, the information must be displayed according to principles to support perception, situation awareness, and understanding.

739:

Taste/Smell Sensors: Although less popular compared to other areas, research has been conducted in the field of sensors for taste and smell. These sensors vary in their level of maturity, with some being well-established and others representing cutting-edge

728:

Motion Tracking Sensors and Digitizers: Cutting-edge technology that has revolutionized industries like film, animation, art, and gaming. These sensors, in forms like wearable cloth or joint sensors, enable more immersive interactions between computers and

504:, a nuclear meltdown accident, where investigations concluded that the design of the human-machine interface was at least partly responsible for the disaster. Similarly, accidents in aviation have resulted from manufacturers' decisions to use non-standard 732:

Haptic Sensors: Particularly significant in applications related to robotics and virtual reality, providing feedback based on touch. They play a crucial role in enhancing sensitivity and awareness in humanoid robots, as well as in medical surgery

886:

measurement: the interface is tested with real users who come in contact with the interface daily. The results can vary with the performance level of the user and the typical human–computer interaction may not always be represented. Quantitative

807:

Visions of what researchers in the field seek to achieve might vary. When pursuing a cognitivist perspective, researchers of HCI may seek to align computer interfaces with the mental model that humans have of their activities. When pursuing a

1611:. The rate at which humans and machines interact is expected to increase substantially due to the changes in speed, computer graphics, new media, and new input/output devices. This can lead to qualitatively different interfaces, such as 1595:. Computer graphics capabilities such as image processing, graphics transformations, rendering, and interactive animation become widespread as inexpensive chips become available for inclusion in general workstations and mobile devices. 281:. HCI researchers observe the ways humans interact with computers and design technologies that allow humans to interact with computers in novel ways. A device that allows interaction between human being and a computer is known as a " 1187:. Moving elements should move in a pattern and direction compatible with the user's mental model of how it actually moves in the system. For example, the moving element on an altimeter should move upward with increasing altitude. 761:

of computer interfaces. How usability is to be precisely understood, how it relates to other social and cultural values, and when it is, and when it may not be a desirable property of computer interfaces is increasingly debated.

1422:

automated and digital fashion lies in improvements to the effectiveness of human–computer interaction. The influence of emotions in human–computer interaction has been studied in fields such as financial decision-making using

815:

Researchers in HCI are interested in developing design methodologies, experimenting with devices, prototyping software, and hardware systems, exploring interaction paradigms, and developing models and theories of interaction.

1589:. Systems can have large numbers of functions associated with them. There are so many systems that most users, technical or non-technical, do not have time to learn about traditionally (e.g., through thick user manuals). 680:

Gaze Detection (Eyes Movement Tracking): Gaze detection involves tracking the movement of a user's eyes and is primarily used to better understand the user's attention, intent, or focus in context-sensitive situations.

939:: utilized in HCI to characterize and consider the setting where human cooperations with PCs occur. Action hypothesis gives a structure for reasoning about activities in these specific circumstances and illuminates the 1661:). CHI is a large conference, with thousands of attendants, and is quite broad in scope. It is attended by academics, practitioners, and industry people, with company sponsors such as Google, Microsoft, and PayPal. 2393:

Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P. H., Borning, A., & Kahn, P. H. (2006). Value Sensitive Design and information systems. Human–Computer Interaction and Management Information Systems: Foundations. ME Sharpe, New York,

1218:. A user can more easily process information across different resources. For example, visual and auditory information can be presented simultaneously rather than presenting all visual or all auditory information. 708:

Musical Interaction: A relatively new area in HCI, it involves generating and interacting with music, with applications in the art industry. This field is studied in both audio- and visual-based HCI systems.

704:

Human-Made Noise/Sign Detections: This involves recognizing typical human auditory signs like sighs, gasps, laughs, cries, etc., which contribute to emotion analysis and the design of more intelligent HCI

2403:

Wickens, Christopher D., John D. Lee, Yili Liu, and Sallie E. Gordon Becker. An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering. Second ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. 185–193.

442:"Because human–computer interaction studies a human and a machine in communication, it draws from supporting knowledge on both the machine and the human side. On the machine side, techniques in 2336:

Green, Paul (2008). Iterative Design. Lecture presented in Industrial and Operations Engineering 436 (Human Factors in Computer Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, February 4, 2008.

1080:. A display's legibility is critical and necessary for designing a usable display. If the characters or objects being displayed cannot be discernible, the operator cannot effectively use them. 589:

The human–computer interface can be described as the point of communication between the human user and the computer. The flow of information between the human and computer is defined as the

2614:

SINHA, Gaurav; SHAHI, Rahul; SHANKAR, Mani. Human–Computer Interaction. In: Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology (ICETET), 2010 3rd International Conference on. IEEE, 2010. p. 1–4.

753:

Human–computer interaction studies the ways in which humans make—or do not make—use of computational artifacts, systems, and infrastructures. Much of the research in this field seeks to

677:

Gesture Recognition: Gesture recognition involves identifying and interpreting gestures made by users, often used for direct interaction with computers in command and action scenarios.

1751: 1460:

in that it allows for bidirectional information flow. BCIs are often directed at researching, mapping, assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions.

1086:. Do not ask the user to determine the level of a variable based on a single sensory variable (e.g., color, size, loudness). These sensory variables can contain many possible levels. 2632: 630:: Non-overlapping areas involve the processes related to humans and computers themselves, while the overlapping areas only involve the processes related to their interaction. 606:: The audio-based interaction between a computer and a human is another important area of HCI systems. This area deals with information acquired by different audio signals. 3435: 3292: 3260: 701:

Auditory Emotion Analysis: Efforts have been made to incorporate human emotions into intelligent human-computer interaction by analyzing emotional cues in audio signals.

1645: 1338: 1253: 1139: 1038: 550: 356: 94: 49: 2973: 891:

specifics, such as the number of users performing the task(s), the time to complete the task(s), and the number of errors made during the task(s) are determined.

2840:, Sandra M. Aluísio & Stella E. O. Tagnin, New Language Technologies, and Linguistic Research, A Two-Way Road: cap. 11. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ( 1403:, as a formal representation of domain-specific knowledge, can be used to address this problem by solving the semantic ambiguities between the two parties. 2349:. In: Soegaard, Mads and Dam, Rikke Friis (eds.). "Encyclopedia of Human–Computer Interaction". The Interaction-Design.org Foundation. Available online at 1533:

How humans interact with computers continues to evolve rapidly. Human–computer interaction is affected by developments in computing. These forces include:

769:

Methods for designing new computer interfaces, thereby optimizing a design for a desired property such as learnability, findability, the efficiency of use.

391:

Humans interact with computers in many ways, and the interface between the two is crucial to facilitating this interaction. HCI is also sometimes termed

2060: 1809: 654:: Loops through the interface that evaluate, moderate, and confirm processes as they pass from the human through the interface to the computer and back. 305: 4136: 736:

Pressure Sensors: Also important in robotics, virtual reality, and medical applications, providing information based on pressure exerted on a surface.

4424: 4026: 4617: 2805: 2353: 141: 113: 1831: 3996: 3916: 3891: 3770: 3650: 3253: 2845: 2130: 1729: 509:

human-machine-interfaces may be subject to different culture-specific preferences, as discussed after a Russian-German mid-air collision.

4116: 3324: 3050: 2624: 1984:"Mapping Human–Computer Interaction Research Themes and Trends from Its Existence to Today: A Topic Modeling-Based Review of past 60 Years" 201: 120: 55: 3896: 3821: 3748: 3724: 3672: 1679: 1640: 1399:

In human and computer interactions, a semantic gap usually exists between human and computer's understandings towards mutual behaviors.

960: 436: 4141: 1430:

and face readers as affect-detection channels. In these fields, it has been shown that affect-detection channels have the potential to

812:

perspective, researchers of HCI may seek to align computer interfaces with existing social practices or existing sociocultural values.

4556: 4508: 3527: 3280: 2313: 2209: 2195: 2373: 1664:

There are also dozens of other smaller, regional, or specialized HCI-related conferences held around the world each year, including:

3936: 3190: 3185: 3167: 3149: 3118: 3101: 3081: 3072: 3062: 3033: 2758: 2730: 2698: 2688: 2678: 2665: 1934: 1900: 1360: 1279: 1165: 1064: 576: 378: 237: 219: 160: 127: 63: 897:: After determining what users, tasks, and empirical measurements to include, the following iterative design steps are performed: 4569: 4176: 3961: 3753: 3246: 803:

Perspectives that critically reflect upon the values that underlie computational design, computer use, and HCI research practice.

2683:

Julie A. Jacko and Andrew Sears (Eds.). (2003). Human–Computer Interaction Handbook. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.

674:

Body Movement Tracking (Large-scale): Researchers in this area concentrate on tracking and analyzing large-scale body movements.

4171: 4151: 3864: 3609: 3317: 3312: 3285: 109: 4429: 4344: 2082: 1924: 4389: 4051: 3444: 3381: 1400: 1342: 1257: 1143: 1042: 600:: The visual-based human–computer interaction is probably the most widespread human–computer interaction (HCI) research area. 554: 360: 98: 3423: 829: 2030: 1434:

and those information systems can incorporate the data obtained from affect-detection channels to improve decision models.

4501: 4186: 4166: 4103: 3554: 3364: 2106: 1890: 1687: 1606: 842: 788:

Models and theories of human–computer use as well as conceptual frameworks for the design of computer interfaces, such as

662:: This matches the computer design, the user, and the task to optimize the human resources needed to accomplish the task. 1449: 1443: 4349: 4121: 3941: 3564: 3532: 3440: 3039: 1717: 957:, which underscores the likelihood for end-clients to contribute effectively through shared plan sessions and workshops. 671:

Facial Expression Analysis: This area focuses on visually recognizing and analyzing emotions through facial expressions.

1705: 197: 193: 4595: 4161: 3396: 2809: 1956: 1242: 1128: 1027: 719:

Pen-Based Interaction: Particularly relevant in mobile devices, focusing on pen gestures and handwriting recognition.

638:: The flow of information begins in the task environment when the user has some tasks requiring using their computer. 539: 1520:

their interface designers were not usability experts (often meaning they were the application developers themselves)

4056: 3926: 3906: 3685: 3430: 1804: 1457: 501: 487: 3956: 1331: 1261: 1246: 1147: 1132: 1046: 1031: 558: 543: 403:(CHI). Desktop applications, internet browsers, handheld computers, and computer kiosks make use of the prevalent 349: 87: 4476: 4447: 4334: 4248: 4156: 4131: 3921: 3697: 2176:

Proceedings of the 5th conference on Designing interactive systems: Processes, practices, methods, and techniques

134: 4369: 4253: 4126: 3946: 3879: 3741: 3714: 3569: 3344: 3307: 1794: 1487:

during the 1970s, HCISec is a nascent field of study by comparison. Interest in this topic tracks with that of

1468:

Security interactions are the study of interaction between humans and computers specifically as it pertains to

846: 789: 779:

Methods for evaluating and comparing interfaces with respect to their usability and other desirable properties.

698:

Speaker Recognition: Researchers in this area concentrate on identifying and distinguishing different speakers.

404: 2533:"Enhancing Nervous System Recovery through Neurobiologics, Neural Interface Training, and Neurorehabilitation" 1855:

Carlisle, James H. (June 1976). "Evaluating the impact of office automation on top management communication".

250: 2056: 880:

addition, the task(s) the users will be performing and how often the task(s) need to be performed is defined.

725:

Joysticks: Another established input device for interactive control, commonly used in gaming and simulations.

4533: 4374: 4240: 4066: 4046: 4036: 3851: 3831: 3702: 3690: 3680: 3537: 3269: 2531:

Krucoff, Max O.; Rahimpour, Shervin; Slutzky, Marc W.; Edgerton, V. Reggie; Turner, Dennis A. (2016-01-01).

497: 4491: 4486: 4461: 4409: 4404: 4244: 4236: 4227: 4222: 4191: 4083: 3869: 3806: 3559: 3478: 3228: 2776: 1836: 1819: 1669:

ACEICFAASRS: ACE – International Conference on Future Applications of AI, Sensors, and Robotics in Society

1555:

Increasingly widespread use of computers, especially by people who are outside of the computing profession

970: 722:

Mouse & Keyboard: Well-established input devices discussed in Section 3.1, commonly used in computing.

416: 1562:, pen), combined with lowering cost, leading to rapid computerization by people formerly left out of the 493:

Due to the multidisciplinary nature of HCI, people with different backgrounds contribute to its success.

4518: 4481: 4288: 4283: 4258: 3986: 3966: 3816: 3736: 3709: 3640: 3408: 964: 860: 270: 4379: 953:

investigations of situations in which clients will associate with the framework. This training is like

2350: 4471: 4278: 4263: 4231: 4218: 4079: 3991: 3859: 3826: 3801: 3655: 3619: 3513: 3483: 3302: 3091: 1859:. Proceedings of the June 7–10, 1976, National Computer Conference and Exposition. pp. 611–616. 1745: 1578: 1469: 954: 946: 475: 455: 451: 408: 293: 4538: 4303: 4088: 4006: 3547: 3491: 3418: 3198: 2781: 1559: 1416: 1412: 859:

Software and hardware are matched so that the processing of the user input is fast enough, and the

773: 325:

human-to-human interaction: an analogy that is crucial to theoretical considerations in the field.

4589: 4576: 3038:

Mithun Ahamed, Developing a Message Interface Architecture for Android Operating Systems, (2015).

2889:

Nass, Clifford; Moon, Youngme (2000). "Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers".

4496: 4339: 4329: 4298: 4093: 4041: 3951: 3901: 3760: 3719: 3635: 3542: 3522: 3376: 3354: 3349: 2906: 2794: 2753:

and Julie A. Jacko (Eds.). (2007). Human–Computer Interaction Handbook (2nd Edition). CRC Press.

2673:

and Julie A. Jacko (Eds.). (2007). Human–Computer Interaction Handbook (2nd Edition). CRC Press.

2513: 2319: 2201: 2011: 1868: 1799: 1197: 940: 924: 505: 412: 2918:

Posard, Marek N (2014). "Status processes in human–computer interactions: Does gender matter?".

2816:

Carroll, John M. (2010). "Conceptualizing a possible discipline of human–computer interaction".

2298:

Proceedings of the 4th decennial conference on Critical computing: Between sense and sensibility

1639:

One of the main conferences for new research in human–computer interaction is the annually held

684:

reading or lip movement tracking has proven influential in correcting speech recognition errors.

188:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

1569:

Wider social concerns leading to improved access to computers by currently disadvantaged groups

915:

The iterative design process is repeated until a sensible, user-friendly interface is created.

695:

Speech Recognition: This area centers on the recognition and interpretation of spoken language.

4582: 4359: 4354: 4268: 4070: 3811: 3778: 3645: 3506: 3454: 3413: 3391: 3359: 3181: 3163: 3145: 3114: 3097: 3077: 3058: 3029: 2841: 2754: 2726: 2694: 2684: 2674: 2661: 2564: 2422:

Posard, Marek (2014). "Status processes in human–computer interactions: Does gender matter?".

2309: 2191: 2126: 2100: 2003: 1930: 1896: 1857:

Proceedings of the June 7-10, 1976, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '76

1512: 1488: 1431: 622:: The computer's environment is connected to, e.g., a laptop in a college student's dorm room. 479: 463: 443: 429: 967:: resistance, effortlessness, permeability, affordance, consistency, structure, and feedback. 3788: 3729: 3660: 3518: 3461: 3106: 2952: 2927: 2898: 2875: 2825: 2786: 2660:

Julie A. Jacko (Ed.). (2012). Human–Computer Interaction Handbook (3rd Edition). CRC Press.

2595: 2554: 2544: 2503: 2495: 2462: 2431: 2301: 2275: 2246: 2183: 2155: 2146:

Grudin, Jonathan (1992). "Utility and usability: research issues and development contexts".

1995: 1860: 1788: 1778: 1385: 1203: 894: 809: 797: 447: 289: 274: 2369: 2174: 4528: 4419: 4384: 4293: 4181: 4075: 4031: 4011: 3884: 3600: 3579: 3334: 3021: 2742: 2714: 2357: 1612: 936: 929: 793: 317: 2412:

Brown, C. Marlin. Human–Computer Interface Design Guidelines. Intellect Books, 1998. 2–3.

1725:: International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services 17: 1791:, a web-based project to provide a bibliography of Human Computer Interaction literature 782:

Methods for studying human–computer use and its sociocultural implications more broadly.

4021: 4001: 3911: 3604: 3496: 3371: 3017: 2710: 2559: 2532: 2293: 1546:

New display technologies leading to the packaging of computational devices in new forms

872: 871:

The following experimental design principles are considered, when evaluating a current

518: 471: 459: 420: 309: 3006: 2279: 765:

Much of the research in the field of human–computer interaction takes an interest in:

288:

As a field of research, human–computer interaction is situated at the intersection of

27:

Academic discipline studying the relationship between computer systems and their users

4611: 4523: 4466: 4456: 4016: 3836: 3796: 3792: 3783: 3626: 3595: 3584: 3574: 3501: 3403: 3297: 3134: 3067: 2764: 2483: 2159: 2015: 1673: 483: 425: 301: 2910: 2517: 2205: 1872: 1573:

As of 2010 the future for HCI is expected to include the following characteristics:

849:. The user interacts with the computer over this software interface using the given 4313: 3614: 3591: 3173: 3155: 2798: 2750: 2718: 2670: 2484:"A human-centered semantic service platform for the digital ecosystems environment" 2323: 1783: 1502: 1427: 850: 313: 1999: 2829: 1657:). CHI is organized by ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction ( 1494:

When security features exhibit poor usability, the following are common reasons:

991:

Christopher Wickens et al. defined 13 principles of display design in their book

4452: 4364: 4308: 4146: 3931: 3630: 3449: 3216: 2838:

The dialogue between man and machine: the role of language theory and technology

2034: 1983: 1814: 1320: 1231: 1117: 1016: 950: 528: 467: 338: 254:

A computer monitor provides a visual interface between the machine and the user.

76: 432:

over command/action based ones, and active interfaces over passive interfaces.

4399: 4394: 4111: 3846: 3386: 3086: 2957: 2940: 2931: 2600: 2583: 2508: 2499: 2467: 2450: 2435: 2251: 2234: 1699: 1491:, which has become an area of broad public concern only in very recent years. 1484: 2549: 2007: 4061: 3233: 2902: 2305: 2187: 2083:"Report of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Miles Island" 1864: 1722: 1473: 888: 883: 490:

are relevant. And, of course, engineering and design methods are relevant."

266: 200:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

2880: 2863: 2568: 2296:; Boehner, Kirsten; David, Shay; Joseph, Kaye (2005). "Reflective design". 1517:

their interface designers lacked understanding of related security concepts

3238: 2790: 2266:

Rogers, Yvonne (2012). "HCI Theory: Classical, Modern, and Contemporary".

1960: 4513: 4273: 3978: 3130: 2693:

Dix, A. (2004). Human–computer interaction (3rd ed.). Pearson Education.

1738: 1620: 1508: 1477: 864: 278: 3045:

Treatments by one or few authors, often aimed at a more general audience

1955:

Hewett; Baecker; Card; Carey; Gasen; Mantei; Perlman; Strong; Verplank.

1762:

IHCI: International Conference on Intelligent Human–Computer Interaction

1552:

Increased development of network communication and distributed computing

4414: 1773: 1345: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 363: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1982:

Gurcan, Fatih; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Cagiltay, Kursat (2021-02-07).

1452:(BCI), is a direct communication pathway between an enhanced or wired 1892:

Plans and Situated Action. The Problem of Human-Machine Communication

1658: 1537:

Decreasing hardware costs leading to larger memory and faster systems

785:

Methods for determining whether or not the user is human or computer.

646:: The flow of information that originates in the machine environment. 297: 2767:(1998). "A brief history of human–computer interaction technology". 2351:

http://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/activity_theory.html

2982: 1453: 1293:

11. Replace memory with visual information: knowledge in the world

1003:

balance among the principles is critical for an effective design.

249: 2173:

Chalmers, Matthew; Galani, Areti (2004). "Seamful interweaving".

1695:

ECSCW: European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work

2235:"Empowerment through seamfulness: smart phones in everyday life" 1756:

i-USEr: International Conference on User Science and Engineering

593:. The loop of interaction has several aspects to it, including: 454:, and development environments are relevant. On the human side, 419:

and Graphical user interfaces (GUI) allow humans to engage with

3242: 2941:"Do people like working with computers more than human beings?" 2451:"Do people like working with computers more than human beings?" 500:

can lead to many unexpected problems. A classic example is the

1423: 1314: 1225: 1111: 1010: 522: 332: 172: 70: 29: 2747:

A moving target: The evolution of human–computer interaction.

3211: 3026:

Readings in human–computer interaction. Toward the Year 2000

1926:

Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction

1759:

INTERACT: IFIP TC13 Conference on Human–Computer Interaction

1102:

5. Similarity causes confusion: Use distinguishable elements

3004: 1734:

OzCHI: Australian Conference on Human–Computer Interaction

1373:

Topics in human–computer interaction include the following

3142: 1877:

Use of 'human–computer interaction' appears in references

1501:

they were hastily patched in to address newly discovered

1649:, usually referred to by its short name CHI (pronounced 1558:

Increasing innovation in input techniques (e.g., voice,

833:

The user interacts directly with hardware for the human

1752:

ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

1713:

ICMI: International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces

772:

Methods for implementing interfaces, e.g., by means of

3024:, William A. S. Buxton, Saul Greenberg (Eds.) (1995): 2482:

Dong, Hai; Hussain, Farookh; Elizabeth, Chang (2010).

2088:. 2019-03-14. Archived from the original on 2011-04-09 1672:

ASSETS: ACM International Conference on Computers and

1543:

Reduction in power requirements leading to portability

3222: 3178:

Interaction Design: Beyond Human–Computer Interaction

3160:

Interaction Design: Beyond Human–Computer Interaction

2057:"NRC: Backgrounder on the Three Mile Island Accident" 1957:"ACM SIGCHI Curricula for Human–Computer Interaction" 1692:

DIS: ACM conference on Designing Interactive Systems

923:

Various strategies delineating methods for human–PC

4440: 4322: 4211: 4204: 4102: 3977: 3845: 3769: 3671: 3477: 3470: 3333: 2992:

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction

2862:Nass, Clifford; Fogg, B. J.; Moon, Youngme (1996). 1988:

International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

1895:. New York, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3229:Human-Centered Computing Education Digital Library 3094:. New directions for designing interactive systems 2939:Posard, Marek N.; Rinderknecht, R. Gordon (2015). 1540:Miniaturization of hardware leading to portability 1483:Unlike HCI, which has roots in the early days of 2268:Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics 1646:Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 863:of the computer output is not disruptive to the 757:the human–computer interaction by improving the 2997:International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 2868:International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 2810:Human–Computer Interaction: History and Status. 2449:Posard, Marek; Rinderknecht, R. Gordon (2015). 2233:Barkhuus, Louise; Polichar, Valerie E. (2011). 963:: these standards may be considered during the 2974:ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 1710:HCII: Human–Computer Interaction International 1472:. Its aim, in plain terms, is to improve the 3254: 3028:. 2. ed. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco 1995 2584:"User Modeling in Human–Computer Interaction" 1549:Specialized hardware leading to new functions 614:: The conditions and goals set upon the user. 322:The Psychology of Human–Computer Interaction. 8: 2812:Encyclopedia Entry at Interaction-Design.org 2723:The Psychology of Human–Computer Interaction 1950: 1948: 1946: 993:An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering 3180:, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2007 3162:, 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2011 1426:and organizational knowledge sharing using 1395:Knowledge-driven human–computer interaction 1260:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1146:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1045:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 557:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 415:and synthesizing systems, and the emerging 265:) is research in the design and the use of 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4208: 3474: 3261: 3247: 3239: 2588:User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 2125:. Hershey PA: IGI Global. pp. 77–90. 1704:HRI: ACM/IEEE International Conference on 1593:The mass availability of computer graphics 2956: 2879: 2780: 2599: 2558: 2548: 2507: 2466: 2250: 1456:and an external device. BCI differs from 1361:Learn how and when to remove this message 1280:Learn how and when to remove this message 1166:Learn how and when to remove this message 1065:Learn how and when to remove this message 577:Learn how and when to remove this message 379:Learn how and when to remove this message 238:Learn how and when to remove this message 220:Learn how and when to remove this message 161:Learn how and when to remove this message 4425:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 999:achieved by utilizing these principles. 828: 1847: 1407:Emotions and human–computer interaction 2980:Behaviour & Information Technology 2098: 1498:they were added in casual afterthought 3917:Psychological effects of Internet use 1832:Human–computer interaction portal 1810:Outline of human–computer interaction 1744:Ubicomp: International Conference on 1730:New Interfaces for Musical Expression 1078:1. Make displays legible (or audible) 987:Thirteen principles of display design 875:, or designing a new user interface: 7: 3225:Over 100,000 publications about HCI. 3141:. 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, 2003. 2063:from the original on August 24, 2019 1698:GROUP: ACM conference on supporting 1343:adding citations to reliable sources 1258:adding citations to reliable sources 1210:9. Proximity compatibility principle 1144:adding citations to reliable sources 1043:adding citations to reliable sources 555:adding citations to reliable sources 361:adding citations to reliable sources 99:adding citations to reliable sources 3897:Digital media use and mental health 1741:, Embedded and Embodied Interaction 1680:Computer Supported Cooperative Work 1641:Association for Computing Machinery 1216:10. Principle of multiple resources 437:Association for Computing Machinery 3528:Automatic and controlled processes 2370:"The Case for HCI Design Patterns" 1728:NIME: International Conference on 1718:Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces 1299:12. Principle of predictive aiding 943:from an action-driven perspective. 202:Knowledge (XXG)'s inclusion policy 25: 3937:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 3191:Matt Jones (interaction designer) 3172:Helen Sharp, Yvonne Rogers & 3154:Yvonne Rogers, Helen Sharp & 3073:The Psychology of Everyday Things 2737:Overviews of history of the field 2280:10.2200/S00418ED1V01Y201205HCI014 2239:Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 1737:TEI: International Conference on 1179:6. Principle of pictorial realism 1084:2. Avoid absolute judgment limits 45:This article has multiple issues. 4588: 4575: 4563: 4562: 3962:Mobile phones and driving safety 1825: 1319: 1230: 1116: 1015: 527: 337: 177: 75: 34: 3865:Computer-mediated communication 3219:with over 100,000 publications. 3113:. Addison-Wesley, Reading 1991 2836:Sara Candeias, S. and A. Veiga 2655:Academic overviews of the field 2635:from the original on 2009-08-20 2582:Fischer, Gerhard (1 May 2000). 2376:from the original on 2019-09-28 2300:. Vol. 5. pp. 49–58. 2215:from the original on 2020-08-01 2031:"What is Cognitive Ergonomics?" 1330:needs additional citations for 1185:7. Principle of the moving part 800:accounts of human–computer use. 430:intelligent adaptive interfaces 348:needs additional citations for 86:needs additional citations for 53:or discuss these issues on the 4142:Empathising–systemising theory 3445:female intrasexual competition 3382:Evolutionarily stable strategy 3096:. Addison-Wesley, Boston 2000 3057:. Academic Press, Boston 1993 2705:Historically important classic 1688:Conversational User Interfaces 308:. The term was popularized by 283:Human-computer Interface (HCI) 1: 4502:Standard social science model 3555:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis 3076:. Basic Books, New York 1988 2864:"Can computers be teammates?" 2033:. Ergoweb.com. Archived from 2000:10.1080/10447318.2020.1819668 1191:Principles based on attention 932:around a finished framework. 306:several other fields of study 4350:Missing heritability problem 3942:Social aspects of television 3565:Evolution of nervous systems 3533:Computational theory of mind 3137:, and Russell Beale (2003): 2830:10.1016/j.intcom.2009.11.008 2160:10.1016/0953-5438(92)90005-z 1959:. ACM SIGCHI. Archived from 1929:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1305:13. Principle of consistency 965:design of a client interface 110:"Human–computer interaction" 4596:Evolutionary biology portal 2945:Computers in Human Behavior 2920:Computers in Human Behavior 2455:Computers in Human Behavior 2424:Computers in Human Behavior 2345:Kaptelinin, Victor (2012): 4634: 4618:Human–computer interaction 4557:Evolutionary psychologists 4430:Trivers–Willard hypothesis 4345:Human–animal communication 4057:Ovulatory shift hypothesis 3907:Imprinted brain hypothesis 3875:Human–computer interaction 3139:Human–Computer Interaction 3002:Human–Computer Interaction 2987:Interacting with Computers 2818:Interacting with Computers 2725:. Erlbaum, Hillsdale 1983 2148:Interacting with Computers 1805:Mindfulness and technology 1587:high-functionality systems 1507:they address very complex 1441: 1410: 1383: 516: 502:Three Mile Island accident 488:computer user satisfaction 401:computer-human interaction 259:Human–computer interaction 4551: 4477:Environmental determinism 4448:Cultural selection theory 4335:Evolutionary epistemology 4249:evolutionary neuroscience 3922:Rank theory of depression 3424:Parent–offspring conflict 3276: 3217:The HCI Wiki Bibliography 3212:Bad Human Factors Designs 3195:Mobile Interaction Design 3193:and Gary Marsden (2006). 2958:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.057 2932:10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.025 2537:Frontiers in Neuroscience 2500:10.1007/s11280-009-0081-5 2468:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.057 2436:10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.025 2252:10.1007/s00779-010-0342-4 2105:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1511:without the benefit of a 1438:Brain–computer interfaces 900:Design the user interface 421:embodied character agents 405:graphical user interfaces 393:human–machine interaction 18:Human–machine interaction 4370:Cultural group selection 4254:Biocultural anthropology 3947:Societal impacts of cars 3880:Media naturalness theory 3570:Fight-or-flight response 2891:Journal of Social Issues 2625:"Conference Search: hci" 2550:10.3389/fnins.2016.00584 2120:Hermeking, Marc (2012). 1795:Information architecture 1678:CSCW: ACM conference on 1476:of security features in 1450:brain–computer interface 1444:Brain–computer interface 847:graphical user interface 513:Human–computer interface 498:human-machine interfaces 4570:Evolutionary psychology 4534:Sociocultural evolution 4375:Dual inheritance theory 3832:Personality development 3293:Theoretical foundations 3270:Evolutionary psychology 2903:10.1111/0022-4537.00153 2601:10.1023/A:1011145532042 2306:10.1145/1094562.1094569 2188:10.1145/1013115.1013149 1865:10.1145/1499799.1499885 1716:ITS: ACM conference on 1706:Human–robot interaction 1686:CUI: ACM conference on 1615:or computational video. 1108:Mental model principles 961:Principles of UI design 397:man-machine interaction 269:, which focuses on the 4492:Social constructionism 4487:Psychological nativism 4462:Biological determinism 4410:Recent human evolution 4405:Punctuated equilibrium 4228:Behavioral epigenetics 4223:evolutionary economics 4192:Variability hypothesis 4137:Emotional intelligence 3870:Engineering psychology 3560:Evolution of the brain 3143:http://hcibook.com/e3/ 2881:10.1006/ijhc.1996.0073 2856:Social science and HCI 1923:Dourish, Paul (2001). 1889:Suchman, Lucy (1987). 1837:Human City Interaction 1820:User experience design 1635:Scientific conferences 1090:3. Top-down processing 971:Value sensitive design 941:design of interactions 868: 627:Areas of the interface 255: 4519:Multilineal evolution 4482:Nature versus nurture 4441:Theoretical positions 4289:Functional psychology 4284:Evolutionary medicine 4259:Biological psychiatry 3967:Texting while driving 3957:Lead–crime hypothesis 3817:Cognitive development 3802:Caregiver deprivation 3313:Gene selection theory 3055:Usability Engineering 2791:10.1145/274430.274436 2037:on September 28, 2011 1628:Information utilities 1464:Security interactions 1432:detect human emotions 1007:Perceptual principles 832: 452:programming languages 409:Voice user interfaces 253: 4472:Cultural determinism 4279:Evolutionary biology 4264:Cognitive psychology 4212:Academic disciplines 3860:Cognitive ergonomics 3827:Language acquisition 3807:Childhood attachment 3620:Wason selection task 3514:Behavioral modernity 3303:Cognitive revolution 3286:Evolutionary thought 3223:The HCI Bibliography 3092:The Humane Interface 3012:Collection of papers 2182:. pp. 243–252. 1746:Ubiquitous computing 1579:Ubiquitous computing 1470:information security 1339:improve this article 1254:improve this section 1140:improve this section 1039:improve this section 955:participatory design 947:User-centered design 551:improve this section 476:cognitive psychology 456:communication theory 357:improve this article 320:in their 1983 book, 95:improve this article 4539:Unilineal evolution 4304:Population genetics 4089:Sexy son hypothesis 4027:Hormonal motivation 4007:Concealed ovulation 3548:Dual process theory 3419:Parental investment 3199:John Wiley and Sons 1564:computer revolution 1417:Emotion recognition 1413:Affective computing 798:ethnomethodological 749:Goals for computers 619:Machine environment 591:loop of interaction 411:(VUI) are used for 294:behavioral sciences 267:computer technology 4497:Social determinism 4380:Fisher's principle 4340:Great ape language 4330:Cultural evolution 4299:Philosophy of mind 4132:Division of labour 4094:Westermarck effect 4042:Mating preferences 3952:Distracted driving 3686:Literary criticism 3543:Domain specificity 3523:modularity of mind 2629:www.confsearch.org 2509:20.500.11937/29660 2356:2012-03-23 at the 1800:Information design 1198:information access 1096:4. Redundancy gain 925:interaction design 869: 774:software libraries 506:flight instruments 428:over unimodality, 413:speech recognition 256: 4605: 4604: 4583:Psychology portal 4547: 4546: 4390:Hologenome theory 4360:Unit of selection 4355:Primate cognition 4269:Cognitive science 4200: 4199: 4071:Sexual attraction 4047:Mating strategies 3812:Cinderella effect 3742:Moral foundations 3646:Visual perception 3538:Domain generality 3507:Facial expression 3455:Sexual dimorphism 3414:Natural selection 3360:Hamiltonian spite 3018:Ronald M. Baecker 2967:Academic journals 2846:978-1-4438-5377-4 2132:978-1-60960-833-0 1963:on 17 August 2014 1581:and communication 1525:Factors of change 1489:Internet security 1371: 1370: 1363: 1290: 1289: 1282: 1222:Memory principles 1176: 1175: 1168: 1075: 1074: 1067: 845:, e.g. through a 690:Audio - Based HCI 666:Visual- Based HCI 587: 586: 579: 480:social psychology 464:industrial design 448:operating systems 444:computer graphics 389: 388: 381: 248: 247: 240: 230: 229: 222: 171: 170: 163: 145: 68: 16:(Redirected from 4625: 4592: 4579: 4566: 4565: 4209: 4205:Related subjects 3992:Adult attachment 3519:Cognitive module 3475: 3462:Social selection 3436:Costly signaling 3431:Sexual selection 3318:Modern synthesis 3263: 3256: 3249: 3240: 3234:HCI Webliography 3133:, Janet Finlay, 3111:Tog on Interface 3107:Bruce Tognazzini 3068:Donald A. Norman 2962: 2960: 2935: 2914: 2885: 2883: 2833: 2802: 2784: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2562: 2552: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2511: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2366: 2360: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2220: 2214: 2181: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2104: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2087: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2053: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2026: 2020: 2019: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1952: 1941: 1940: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1852: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1789:HCI Bibliography 1779:Digital Live Art 1386:Social computing 1380:Social computing 1366: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1346: 1323: 1315: 1311:Current research 1285: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1234: 1226: 1204:interaction cost 1171: 1164: 1160: 1157: 1151: 1120: 1112: 1070: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1019: 1011: 895:Iterative design 851:input and output 810:post-cognitivist 714:Sensor-Based HCI 611:Task environment 582: 575: 571: 568: 562: 531: 523: 496:Poorly designed 424:the concepts of 407:(GUI) of today. 384: 377: 373: 370: 364: 341: 333: 290:computer science 273:between people ( 243: 236: 225: 218: 214: 211: 205: 181: 180: 173: 166: 159: 155: 152: 146: 144: 103: 79: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4543: 4529:Neoevolutionism 4436: 4420:Species complex 4385:Group selection 4323:Research topics 4318: 4294:Neuropsychology 4196: 4182:Substance abuse 4104:Sex differences 4098: 4012:Coolidge effect 3973: 3885:Neuroergonomics 3850: 3841: 3765: 3667: 3601:Folk psychology 3482: 3466: 3336: 3329: 3272: 3267: 3208: 3022:Jonathan Grudin 2938: 2917: 2888: 2861: 2852: 2815: 2806:John M. Carroll 2763: 2743:Jonathan Grudin 2715:Thomas P. Moran 2652: 2650:Further reading 2647: 2638: 2636: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2494:(1–2): 75–103. 2481: 2480: 2476: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2430:(37): 189–195. 2421: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2388: 2379: 2377: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2358:Wayback Machine 2347:Activity Theory 2344: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2316: 2294:Sengers, Phoebe 2292: 2291: 2287: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2198: 2179: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2133: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2097: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2066: 2064: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2028: 2027: 2023: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1966: 1964: 1954: 1953: 1944: 1937: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1826: 1824: 1770: 1765: 1637: 1619:Large and thin 1613:virtual reality 1527: 1513:software wizard 1466: 1458:neuromodulation 1446: 1440: 1419: 1411:Main articles: 1409: 1397: 1388: 1382: 1367: 1356: 1350: 1347: 1336: 1324: 1313: 1286: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1251: 1235: 1224: 1193: 1172: 1161: 1155: 1152: 1137: 1121: 1110: 1071: 1060: 1054: 1051: 1036: 1020: 1009: 989: 980: 978:Display designs 937:Activity theory 930:user experience 921: 906:Analyze results 858: 827: 822: 794:Activity Theory 751: 682: 583: 572: 566: 563: 548: 532: 521: 515: 472:social sciences 385: 374: 368: 365: 354: 342: 331: 318:Thomas P. Moran 244: 233: 232: 231: 226: 215: 209: 206: 192:Please help by 191: 182: 178: 167: 156: 150: 147: 104: 102: 92: 80: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4631: 4629: 4621: 4620: 4610: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4586: 4573: 4560: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4450: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4326: 4324: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4234: 4225: 4215: 4213: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4108: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4073: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3912:Mind-blindness 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3856: 3854: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3786: 3781: 3775: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3677: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3607: 3605:theory of mind 3598: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3516: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3488: 3486: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3438: 3428: 3427: 3426: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3400: 3399: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3372:Baldwin effect 3369: 3368: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3207: 3206:External links 3204: 3203: 3202: 3188: 3170: 3152: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3121: 3104: 3084: 3065: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3036: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3008: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2977: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2936: 2915: 2886: 2874:(6): 669–678. 2858: 2857: 2850: 2849: 2834: 2813: 2803: 2782:10.1.1.23.2422 2761: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2711:Stuart K. Card 2707: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2691: 2681: 2668: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2616: 2607: 2594:(1–2): 65–86. 2574: 2523: 2488:World Wide Web 2474: 2441: 2414: 2405: 2396: 2386: 2361: 2338: 2329: 2315:978-1595932037 2314: 2285: 2258: 2245:(6): 629–639. 2225: 2197:978-1581137873 2196: 2165: 2154:(2): 209–217. 2138: 2131: 2112: 2074: 2048: 2021: 1994:(3): 267–280. 1974: 1942: 1935: 1915: 1901: 1881: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1735: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1683: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1666: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1625: 1616: 1602: 1596: 1590: 1584: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1505: 1499: 1480:applications. 1465: 1462: 1442:Main article: 1439: 1436: 1408: 1405: 1396: 1393: 1384:Main article: 1381: 1378: 1369: 1368: 1327: 1325: 1318: 1312: 1309: 1288: 1287: 1238: 1236: 1229: 1223: 1220: 1196:8. Minimizing 1192: 1189: 1174: 1173: 1124: 1122: 1115: 1109: 1106: 1073: 1072: 1023: 1021: 1014: 1008: 1005: 988: 985: 979: 976: 975: 974: 968: 958: 944: 920: 917: 913: 912: 911: 910: 907: 904: 901: 892: 881: 873:user interface 826: 823: 821: 818: 805: 804: 801: 786: 783: 780: 777: 770: 750: 747: 746: 745: 744: 743: 742: 741: 737: 734: 730: 726: 723: 720: 711: 710: 709: 706: 702: 699: 696: 687: 686: 685: 678: 675: 672: 655: 647: 639: 631: 623: 615: 607: 601: 585: 584: 535: 533: 526: 519:User interface 517:Main article: 514: 511: 387: 386: 345: 343: 336: 330: 327: 310:Stuart K. Card 246: 245: 228: 227: 185: 183: 176: 169: 168: 83: 81: 74: 69: 43: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4630: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4598: 4597: 4591: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4578: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4524:Neo-Darwinism 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4509:Functionalism 4507: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4467:Connectionism 4465: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4457:indeterminism 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4177:Schizophrenia 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4162:Mental health 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4037:Mate guarding 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3997:Age disparity 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3927:Schizophrenia 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3852:Mental health 3848: 3847:Human factors 3844: 3838: 3837:Socialization 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3797:paternal bond 3794: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3662: 3661:Naïve physics 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3627:Motor control 3625: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3585:Ophidiophobia 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3575:Arachnophobia 3573: 3572: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3502:Display rules 3500: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3404:Kin selection 3402: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3298:Adaptationism 3296: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3259: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3241: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3186:0-470-01866-6 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3168:0-470-66576-9 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3151: 3150:0-13-046109-1 3147: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3135:Gregory Abowd 3132: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3119:0-201-60842-1 3116: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3102:0-201-37937-6 3099: 3095: 3093: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3082:0-465-06709-3 3079: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3063:0-12-518405-0 3060: 3056: 3052: 3051:Jakob Nielsen 3049: 3048: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3034:1-55860-246-1 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2897:(1): 81–103. 2896: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2760: 2759:0-8058-5870-9 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2731:0-89859-243-7 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2699:0-1304-6109-1 2696: 2692: 2690: 2689:0-8058-4468-6 2686: 2682: 2680: 2679:0-8058-5870-9 2676: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2666:1-4398-2943-8 2663: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2578: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2527: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2478: 2475: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2445: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2418: 2415: 2409: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2390: 2387: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2342: 2339: 2333: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2229: 2226: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2178: 2177: 2169: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2139: 2134: 2128: 2124: 2116: 2113: 2108: 2102: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2049: 2036: 2032: 2025: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1978: 1975: 1962: 1958: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1936:9780262541787 1932: 1928: 1927: 1919: 1916: 1904: 1902:9780521337397 1898: 1894: 1893: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1851: 1848: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674:Accessibility 1671: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1524: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1503:security bugs 1500: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1445: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1418: 1414: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1394: 1392: 1387: 1379: 1377: 1376: 1365: 1362: 1354: 1344: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1328:This section 1326: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1294: 1284: 1281: 1273: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1239:This section 1237: 1233: 1228: 1227: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1170: 1167: 1159: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1125:This section 1123: 1119: 1114: 1113: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1079: 1069: 1066: 1058: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1024:This section 1022: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 994: 986: 984: 977: 972: 969: 966: 962: 959: 956: 952: 948: 945: 942: 938: 935: 934: 933: 931: 926: 919:Methodologies 918: 916: 908: 905: 902: 899: 898: 896: 893: 890: 885: 882: 878: 877: 876: 874: 866: 862: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 824: 819: 817: 813: 811: 802: 799: 795: 792:user models, 791: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 771: 768: 767: 766: 763: 760: 756: 748: 740:technologies. 738: 735: 733:applications. 731: 727: 724: 721: 718: 717: 715: 712: 707: 703: 700: 697: 694: 693: 691: 688: 679: 676: 673: 670: 669: 667: 664: 663: 661: 660: 656: 653: 652: 648: 645: 644: 640: 637: 636: 632: 629: 628: 624: 621: 620: 616: 613: 612: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 595: 594: 592: 581: 578: 570: 560: 556: 552: 546: 545: 541: 536:This section 534: 530: 525: 524: 520: 512: 510: 507: 503: 499: 494: 491: 489: 485: 484:human factors 481: 477: 473: 469: 466:disciplines, 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 440: 438: 433: 431: 427: 426:multimodality 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 383: 380: 372: 362: 358: 352: 351: 346:This section 344: 340: 335: 334: 328: 326: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 302:media studies 299: 295: 291: 286: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 252: 242: 239: 224: 221: 213: 203: 199: 195: 189: 186:This article 184: 175: 174: 165: 162: 154: 151:December 2022 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: – 111: 107: 106:Find sources: 100: 96: 90: 89: 84:This article 82: 78: 73: 72: 67: 65: 58: 57: 52: 51: 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 4594: 4581: 4568: 4555: 4314:Sociobiology 4172:Neuroscience 4152:Intelligence 3874: 3698:Anthropology 3651:Color vision 3636:Multitasking 3615:Flynn effect 3610:Intelligence 3592:Folk biology 3335:Evolutionary 3194: 3177: 3174:Jenny Preece 3159: 3156:Jenny Preece 3138: 3110: 3090: 3071: 3054: 3025: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2972: 2948: 2944: 2923: 2919: 2894: 2890: 2871: 2867: 2851: 2837: 2821: 2817: 2775:(2): 44–54. 2772: 2769:Interactions 2768: 2751:Andrew Sears 2746: 2722: 2719:Allen Newell 2671:Andrew Sears 2637:. Retrieved 2628: 2619: 2610: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2491: 2487: 2477: 2458: 2454: 2444: 2427: 2423: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2389: 2378:. Retrieved 2364: 2346: 2341: 2332: 2297: 2288: 2274:(2): 1–129. 2271: 2267: 2261: 2242: 2238: 2228: 2217:. Retrieved 2175: 2168: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2123:Environments 2121: 2115: 2090:. Retrieved 2077: 2065:. Retrieved 2051: 2039:. Retrieved 2035:the original 2024: 1991: 1987: 1977: 1965:. Retrieved 1961:the original 1925: 1918: 1906:. Retrieved 1891: 1884: 1876: 1856: 1850: 1784:Feminist HCI 1663: 1654: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1627: 1618: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1586: 1577: 1572: 1563: 1532: 1528: 1493: 1482: 1467: 1447: 1428:eye-tracking 1420: 1398: 1389: 1374: 1372: 1357: 1351:October 2010 1348: 1337:Please help 1332:verification 1329: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1291: 1276: 1267: 1252:Please help 1240: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1208: 1195: 1194: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1177: 1162: 1153: 1138:Please help 1126: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1061: 1052: 1037:Please help 1025: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 981: 951:ethnographic 922: 914: 870: 857:) hardware. 854: 838: 834: 814: 806: 764: 758: 754: 752: 713: 689: 665: 658: 657: 650: 649: 642: 641: 634: 633: 626: 625: 618: 617: 610: 609: 603: 598:Visual Based 597: 590: 588: 573: 564: 549:Please help 537: 495: 492: 441: 434: 400: 396: 392: 390: 375: 366: 355:Please help 350:verification 347: 329:Introduction 321: 314:Allen Newell 287: 282: 262: 258: 257: 234: 216: 207: 194:spinning off 187: 157: 148: 138: 131: 124: 117: 105: 93:Please help 88:verification 85: 61: 54: 48: 47:Please help 44: 4453:Determinism 4365:Coevolution 4309:Primatology 4147:Gender role 4052:Orientation 3932:Screen time 3789:Affectional 3771:Development 3450:Mate choice 3377:By-products 3345:Adaptations 3308:Cognitivism 2951:: 232–238. 2926:: 189–195. 2824:(1): 3–12. 2765:Myers, Brad 2461:: 232–238. 2059:. Nrc.gov. 1815:Turing test 1609:interaction 1599:Mixed media 790:cognitivist 604:Audio-Based 468:linguistics 417:multi-modal 210:August 2021 4400:Population 4395:Lamarckism 4241:behavioral 4219:Behavioral 4167:Narcissism 4112:Aggression 3902:Hypophobia 3892:Depression 3779:Attachment 3761:Universals 3725:Psychology 3703:Biological 3691:Musicology 3681:Aesthetics 3580:Basophobia 3387:Exaptation 3365:Reciprocal 3087:Jef Raskin 2639:2009-05-15 2380:2019-08-26 2219:2019-10-04 2092:2011-08-17 2067:August 29, 2041:August 29, 1700:group work 1485:Xerox PARC 825:Principles 635:Input flow 271:interfaces 198:relocating 121:newspapers 50:improve it 4245:cognitive 4237:Affective 4122:Cognition 4076:Sexuality 4062:Pair bond 3822:Education 3479:Cognition 3397:Inclusive 3337:processes 3325:Criticism 3125:Textbooks 2777:CiteSeerX 2029:Ergoweb. 2016:224998668 2008:1044-7318 1843:Footnotes 1723:MobileHCI 1643:'s (ACM) 1607:bandwidth 1509:use cases 1474:usability 1241:does not 1127:does not 1026:does not 889:usability 884:Empirical 759:usability 538:does not 399:(MMI) or 279:computers 56:talk page 4612:Category 4514:Memetics 4274:Ethology 4232:genetics 4067:Physical 4032:Jealousy 3987:Activity 3793:maternal 3749:Religion 3737:Morality 3715:Language 3596:taxonomy 3409:Mismatch 3355:Cheating 3350:Altruism 3131:Alan Dix 2911:15851410 2721:(1983): 2633:Archived 2569:28082858 2518:10746264 2394:348–372. 2374:Archived 2354:Archived 2210:Archived 2206:12500442 2101:cite web 2061:Archived 1873:18471644 1768:See also 1739:Tangible 1621:displays 1478:end user 1401:Ontology 1270:May 2021 1156:May 2021 1055:May 2021 865:workflow 843:displays 841:such as 729:reality. 705:systems. 651:Feedback 567:May 2021 486:such as 369:May 2021 4415:Species 4187:Suicide 4022:Fantasy 4002:Arousal 3784:Bonding 3673:Culture 3497:Display 3484:Emotion 3392:Fitness 3281:History 2799:8278771 2560:5186786 2543:: 584. 2324:9029682 1967:15 July 1908:7 March 1774:CAPTCHA 1560:gesture 1262:removed 1247:sources 1148:removed 1133:sources 1047:removed 1032:sources 861:latency 755:improve 559:removed 544:sources 460:graphic 395:(HMI), 135:scholar 4593: 4580: 4567: 4157:Memory 4117:Autism 4084:female 4017:Desire 3754:Origin 3730:Speech 3720:Origin 3492:Affect 3184: 3166: 3148: 3117: 3100: 3080: 3061: 3032: 2909: 2844: 2797: 2779: 2757: 2729: 2697: 2687: 2677: 2664: 2567: 2557: 2516: 2322: 2312: 2204: 2194: 2129: 2014: 2006: 1933: 1899: 1871: 1750:UIST: 1659:SIGCHI 909:Repeat 839:output 820:Design 643:Output 482:, and 316:, and 304:, and 298:design 277:) and 137: 130: 123: 116: 108: 4127:Crime 3710:Crime 3641:Sleep 3631:skill 3471:Areas 2907:S2CID 2795:S2CID 2514:S2CID 2320:S2CID 2213:(PDF) 2202:S2CID 2180:(PDF) 2086:(PDF) 2012:S2CID 1869:S2CID 1653:, or 1605:High- 1454:brain 835:input 796:, or 668:---- 275:users 142:JSTOR 128:books 4080:male 3441:Male 3201:Ltd. 3182:ISBN 3164:ISBN 3146:ISBN 3115:ISBN 3098:ISBN 3078:ISBN 3059:ISBN 3030:ISBN 2842:ISBN 2755:ISBN 2727:ISBN 2695:ISBN 2685:ISBN 2675:ISBN 2662:ISBN 2565:PMID 2310:ISBN 2192:ISBN 2127:ISBN 2107:link 2069:2011 2043:2011 2004:ISSN 1969:2014 1931:ISBN 1910:2015 1897:ISBN 1655:Khai 1415:and 1245:any 1243:cite 1200:cost 1131:any 1129:cite 1030:any 1028:cite 903:Test 837:and 542:any 540:cite 462:and 435:The 114:news 3979:Sex 3656:Eye 2953:doi 2928:doi 2899:doi 2876:doi 2826:doi 2787:doi 2749:In 2596:doi 2555:PMC 2545:doi 2504:hdl 2496:doi 2463:doi 2432:doi 2302:doi 2276:doi 2247:doi 2184:doi 2156:doi 1996:doi 1861:doi 1651:kai 1424:ECG 1341:by 1256:by 1202:or 1142:by 1041:by 855:I/O 659:Fit 553:by 359:by 285:". 263:HCI 196:or 97:by 4614:: 3197:, 3176:: 3158:: 3109:: 3089:: 3070:: 3053:: 3020:, 2949:51 2947:. 2943:. 2924:37 2922:. 2905:. 2895:56 2893:. 2872:45 2870:. 2866:. 2822:22 2820:. 2808:: 2793:. 2785:. 2771:. 2745:: 2717:, 2713:, 2631:. 2627:. 2592:11 2590:. 2586:. 2563:. 2553:. 2541:10 2539:. 2535:. 2512:. 2502:. 2492:13 2490:. 2486:. 2459:51 2457:. 2453:. 2428:37 2426:. 2372:. 2318:. 2308:. 2270:. 2243:15 2241:. 2237:. 2208:. 2200:. 2190:. 2150:. 2103:}} 2099:{{ 2010:. 2002:. 1992:37 1990:. 1986:. 1945:^ 1875:. 1867:. 1448:A 995:. 478:, 474:, 470:, 458:, 450:, 446:, 312:, 300:, 296:, 292:, 59:. 4455:/ 4247:/ 4243:/ 4239:/ 4230:/ 4221:/ 4082:/ 4078:/ 4069:/ 3849:/ 3795:/ 3791:/ 3629:/ 3603:/ 3594:/ 3521:/ 3481:/ 3443:/ 3262:e 3255:t 3248:v 2961:. 2955:: 2934:. 2930:: 2913:. 2901:: 2884:. 2878:: 2848:) 2832:. 2828:: 2801:. 2789:: 2773:5 2642:. 2604:. 2598:: 2571:. 2547:: 2520:. 2506:: 2498:: 2471:. 2465:: 2438:. 2434:: 2383:. 2326:. 2304:: 2282:. 2278:: 2272:5 2255:. 2249:: 2222:. 2186:: 2162:. 2158:: 2152:4 2135:. 2109:) 2095:. 2071:. 2045:. 2018:. 1998:: 1971:. 1939:. 1912:. 1863:: 1566:. 1375:: 1364:) 1358:( 1353:) 1349:( 1335:. 1283:) 1277:( 1272:) 1268:( 1264:. 1250:. 1169:) 1163:( 1158:) 1154:( 1150:. 1136:. 1068:) 1062:( 1057:) 1053:( 1049:. 1035:. 867:. 853:( 776:. 580:) 574:( 569:) 565:( 561:. 547:. 382:) 376:( 371:) 367:( 353:. 261:( 241:) 235:( 223:) 217:( 212:) 208:( 204:. 190:. 164:) 158:( 153:) 149:( 139:· 132:· 125:· 118:· 91:. 66:) 62:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index