48:, which had published the original research, later retracted the article. Investigative journalist John Crewdson, writing in 2003, described how Gallo pretended mysterious laboratory accidents such as the unplugging of a laboratory freezer to excuse his failure to share samples of "HL23V" to researchers. As "HL23V" would have been the first human retrovirus discovered, bringing attention to Gallo and thus scientific prizes, observers noted that "23" was the number of Robert Gallo's birthday.
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Chan, E.; Peters, W.; Sweet, R.; Ohno, T.; Kufe, D.; Spiegelman, S.; Gallo, R.; Gallagher, R. (1976). "Characterisation of a virus (HL23V) isolated from cultured acute myelogenous leukaemic cells".
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Gallagher, R.; Gallo, R. (1975). "Type C RNA tumor virus isolated from cultured human acute myelogenous leukemia cells".
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