2153:
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8830:
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3209:
5228:
1444:
8818:
57:
5878:
184:
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officially started broadcasting. Meizhou Radio News: FM94.8 or urban FM101.9. Meizhou Radio
Traffic Channel: FM105.8 MHz. Meizhou Radio Private Car Channel: FM94.0 or urban FM103.9. Until now, Hakka Chinese is still used for news program, radio drama program, emotional program, entertainment program
1695:
Like other southern
Chinese varieties, Hakka retains many single syllable words from earlier stages of Chinese; thus, a large number of syllables are distinguished by tone and final consonant. This reduces the need for compound words. However, like other Chinese varieties, it does have words of more
785:
2243:
was reorganized after the separation of the
National Cultural System Reform Bureau. It is a public institution under the jurisdiction of the Meixian County Party Committee and County Government. The channel can be watched in Meizhou and surrounding area with an audience of over 4 million people.
2171:
started broadcasting. It broadcast nine hours of Hakka
Chinese programs every day through shortwave radio and online radio, targeting countries and regions where Hakka people gather, such as Japan, Indonesia, Mauritius, Reunion Island, Australia, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
502:
987:
and is sometimes classified as a variety of Gan, with a few northern Hakka varieties even being partially mutually intelligible with southern Gan. There is also a possibility that the similarities are just a result of shared
788:
793:
791:
787:
786:
792:
3621:
3612:
790:
1256:
Due to the migration of its speakers, Hakka may have been influenced by other language areas through which the Hakka-speaking forebears migrated. For instance, common vocabulary is found in Hakka,
2167:
In 1950, China
Central People's Broadcasting Station recruited the first Hakka broadcaster, Zhang Guohua, based on a radius of two kilometers from the Meixian government. On April 10th, 1950, the
2502:
1491:
dialect lacks the medial, so whereas the
Meixian dialect pronounces the character 光 as , the Hong Kong Hakka dialect pronounces it as , which is similar to the Hakka spoken in neighbouring
1487:. Each county has its own special phonological points of interest. For instance, Xingning lacks the codas and . These have merged into and , respectively. Further away from Meixian, the
2189:
5353:
2482:
1557:). Most Hakka speakers in Taiwan can trace their ancestry to these two regions. Sixian speakers come from Jiaying Prefecture, mainly from the four counties of Chengxiang (now
2272:
1459:
Hakka has as many regional dialects as there are counties with Hakka speakers as the majority. Some of these Hakka dialects are not mutually intelligible with each other.
1219:, and brought with them features of Chinese varieties spoken in those areas during that time. (Since then, the speech in those regions has evolved into dialects of modern
1085:
2831:
2067:
3006:
1018:
in mainland China has been taken as the "standard" dialect by the government of mainland China. The
Guangdong Provincial Education Department created an official
8201:
789:
5912:
2226:
1305:
5236:
3863:
2126:
Dialects of Hakka have been written in a number of Latin orthographies, largely for religious purposes, since at least the mid-19th century. The popular
442:
2949:
2499:
1498:
Tones also vary across the dialects of Hakka. The majority of Hakka dialects have six tones. However, there are dialects which have lost all of their
2258:
added a Hakka
Chinese radio break which broadcasts to the southeast coast of Mainland China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, the South Pacific and Japan. On
8870:
7807:
5956:
3942:
1514:, which is situated in Western Fujian province. Moreover, there is evidence of the retention of an earlier Hakka tone system in the dialects of
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2880:
2309:
4773:
2974:
2789:
2770:
5974:
5584:
2217:
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2999:
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to be sister dialects that descended from a single common ancestral language (Proto-Southern Gan) spoken in central
Jiangxi during the
8194:
2738:
2572:
2548:
140:
1025:
The She ethnic group and Hakka people have a history of contact, and Hakka language has entered the She language in large numbers.
3208:
8910:
5905:
8885:
8875:
8865:
6004:
5506:
3733:
2584:
2500:
Standards for
Identification of Basic Language Abilities and General Knowledge of the Rights and Duties of Naturalized Citizens
2460:
511:
4213:
2613:
8900:
8895:
8880:
3856:
2992:
2940:
723:
564:
420:
78:
74:
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Due to its primary usage in isolated regions where communication is limited to the local area, Hakka has developed numerous
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8691:
5822:
5276:
2655:
550:
93:
3738:
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1280:
A regular pattern of sound change can generally be detected in Hakka, as in most Chinese varieties, of the derivation of
983:
or other branches of Chinese, and itself contains a few mutually unintelligible varieties. It is most closely related to
8860:
8187:
7037:
6097:
5881:
5792:
5316:
3791:
2294:
3439:
3077:
1003:, thus regarding the language as a subject for its study and preservation. Pronunciation differences exist between the
8905:
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8482:
8282:
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5898:
5797:
5669:
5594:
5251:
3784:
3361:
404:
299:
100:
1114:
who are the predominant original native speakers of the variety literally means "guest families" or "guest people":
8808:
5839:
5812:
5689:
5601:
5348:
5328:
2488:[Act on Broadcasting Language Equality Protection in Public Transport] (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.
2160:
1570:
1464:
638:
6946:
6101:
5391:
4089:
3849:
3684:
3131:
3052:
3181:
7427:
6966:
6931:
6032:
5765:
5750:
5740:
5454:
3765:
3368:
1064:
521:
490:
107:
3429:
2888:
Dialect Variations in Chinese: Papers from the Third International Conference on Sinology, Linguistics Section
1999:(Hakka ) as 'to drink' where the meanings in Hakka are different, 'to stutter' and 'be thirsty' respectively.
4106:
1328:
to a w-like sound before grave vowels, while Cantonese retained the original distinction (compare Mandarin 武
8359:
8128:
7822:
7080:
6991:
6873:
6868:
5777:
4651:
4613:
4016:
3759:
3545:
1351:
in Baxter's transcription) of the characters 人 (person, people) and 日 (sun, day), among others, merged with
1242:
222:
67:
3512:
1253:
layer. Lexical connections between Hakka, Kra-Dai, and Hmong-Mien have also been suggested by Deng (1999).
8915:
8850:
8517:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8218:
7851:
7668:
7350:
6175:
6170:
6141:
6129:
5711:
5554:
4152:
3805:
3798:
3578:
3015:
2421:
1578:
1415:
1224:
1208:
1081:
964:
678:
582:
264:
89:
2337:; also statutory status in Taiwan as one of the languages for public transport announcements and for the
2163:
and of Taiwanese Hakka descent, appears on "Lecturer Hakka Language Radio Broadcasting" to give a speech.
8795:
8140:
8116:
7839:
7802:
6300:
5706:
5629:
5343:
5321:
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3909:
3748:
3698:
3254:
2825:
2187:
had started broadcasting. Hakka Chinese began to appear in television programs. In 2021, it was renamed
1460:
1007:
dialects and mainland China's Hakka dialects; even in Taiwan, two major local varieties of Hakka exist.
904:
424:
8014:
5160:
5150:
4135:
2215:
In 2001, Meizhou Television Station merged with Meizhou People’s Broadcasting Station and was renamed
1626:
1616:
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1606:
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7787:
7648:
7467:
7447:
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7168:
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5271:
5155:
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4396:
3891:
3560:
3406:
3352:
2284:
1246:
873:
309:
6395:
5069:
4578:
2891:
1923:
1909:
1867:
1646:
8790:
8778:
8458:
8210:
8100:
8080:
7844:
7771:
7472:
7457:
7442:
7422:
7417:
6828:
6057:
5979:
5718:
5684:
5519:
5486:
5333:
5261:
5178:
5019:
5014:
4768:
4084:
3743:
3333:
3160:
3091:
2969:. Language and linguistics Monograph Series 63. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
1566:
1476:
8661:
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5549:
4882:
2299:
2120:
2106:
1621:
862:
830:
761:
697:
378:
8773:
8543:
8377:
8295:
8236:
8227:
7817:
7751:
7700:
7653:
7597:
7327:
7270:
6996:
6152:
5921:
5834:
5701:
5664:
5447:
5381:
5376:
5266:
5256:
4753:
4561:
4556:
3955:
3584:
3193:
3059:
2953:
2867:
2518:
1549:, there are two main dialects: Sixian and Hailu (alternatively known as Haifeng; Hailu refers to
1227:, as are found in other modern southern Chinese varieties, but which have been lost in Mandarin.
369:
8671:
7452:
6062:
5105:
4860:
1951:
Hakka, as well as numerous other Chinese varieties such as Min and Cantonese, prefers the verb
4474:
2784:. Princeton/Cambridge Studies in Chinese Linguistics. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press.
8758:
8753:
8715:
8575:
8526:
8491:
8404:
8344:
8024:
7684:
7558:
7503:
7395:
7303:
7298:
7255:
7177:
6908:
6888:
6813:
6790:
6563:
6445:
6415:
6257:
6248:
6200:
6190:
6037:
5969:
5745:
5735:
5614:
5579:
5434:
5386:
5338:
5227:
4958:
4892:
4748:
4733:
4404:
4381:
4335:
4260:
4186:
4066:
4034:
3988:
3927:
3917:
3882:
3692:
3652:
3630:
3595:
3589:
3554:
3492:
3486:
3466:
3260:
3248:
3231:
3139:
3085:
3065:
2970:
2785:
2766:
2734:
2568:
2544:
2128:
2084:
1651:
1554:
1519:
1000:
269:
5110:
5100:
5085:
4499:
8731:
8535:
8450:
8414:
8399:
8394:
8387:
8372:
8095:
8090:
8060:
8019:
7999:
7888:
7883:
7827:
7797:
7746:
7643:
7635:
7508:
7488:
7437:
7404:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7313:
7308:
7290:
7138:
7128:
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6981:
6976:
6951:
6878:
6571:
6548:
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6473:
6468:
6463:
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6365:
6290:
6233:
6228:
6213:
5984:
5935:
5851:
5371:
5246:
5031:
4953:
4904:
4865:
4814:
4728:
4680:
4664:
4544:
4504:
4438:
4426:
4386:
4340:
4286:
4281:
4271:
4265:
4094:
4039:
4024:
3900:
3872:
3713:
3673:
3643:
3617:
3567:
3525:
3434:
3411:
3304:
3291:
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3241:
3166:
3029:
2927:
2812:
1558:
1511:
1220:
980:
897:
841:
809:
610:
338:
274:
214:
4877:
4573:
4521:
4516:
4450:
1223:). The presence of many archaic features occur in modern Hakka, including final consonants
114:
8822:
8763:
8666:
8646:
8580:
8463:
8440:
8435:
8409:
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7538:
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7240:
7205:
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7108:
7047:
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7017:
6961:
6853:
6823:
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6747:
6732:
6706:
6701:
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6666:
6611:
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6518:
6513:
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6390:
6370:
6305:
6280:
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6185:
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6052:
6047:
6022:
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5989:
5802:
5782:
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5639:
5624:
5619:
5363:
5213:
5203:
5183:
5140:
5135:
5001:
4965:
4948:
4938:
4695:
4631:
4418:
4314:
4309:
4218:
4165:
4160:
4140:
4125:
4120:
4061:
4056:
4046:
4029:
4001:
3973:
3950:
3705:
3659:
3518:
3400:
3339:
3173:
3120:
3111:
3097:
2506:
2314:
2141:
2112:
1953:
1835:
1641:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1574:
1443:
1433:
1011:
1004:
996:
846:
814:
348:
333:
256:
226:
202:
5807:
5095:
4511:
2910:
1937:
1895:
1881:
8768:
8651:
8623:
8430:
8382:
8339:
8329:
8272:
8254:
8085:
8029:
8009:
7812:
7777:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7663:
7615:
7553:
7523:
7518:
7380:
7370:
7335:
7245:
7210:
7195:
7143:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7042:
6986:
6956:
6936:
6926:
6921:
6898:
6818:
6803:
6798:
6767:
6742:
6727:
6722:
6691:
6686:
6676:
6671:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6601:
6576:
6523:
6435:
6420:
6385:
6355:
6350:
6330:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6238:
6223:
6165:
6160:
6067:
6027:
6012:
5856:
5846:
5817:
5524:
5496:
5208:
5193:
5046:
5041:
5026:
4970:
4909:
4791:
4763:
4743:
4690:
4659:
4636:
4626:
4621:
4583:
4566:
4479:
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4455:
4443:
4431:
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4276:
4250:
4191:
4111:
4099:
4051:
4006:
3996:
3922:
3775:
3753:
3667:
3636:
3572:
3532:
3506:
3480:
3457:
3380:
3326:
3298:
3267:
3145:
3071:
2855:
2338:
2267:
2137:
1636:
1550:
1309:
1250:
1230:
893:
359:
4368:
482:
8844:
8785:
8656:
8603:
8499:
8468:
8367:
8349:
8070:
7944:
7920:
7692:
7625:
7583:
7568:
7493:
7345:
7250:
7123:
7118:
6971:
6883:
6863:
6858:
6848:
6838:
6833:
6808:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6737:
6696:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6606:
6596:
6591:
6581:
6528:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6430:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6380:
6360:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6295:
6285:
6270:
6265:
6218:
6180:
6082:
6072:
5657:
5469:
5464:
5036:
4980:
4975:
4943:
4806:
4758:
4685:
4641:
4531:
4291:
4130:
3978:
3965:
3499:
3421:
3187:
3152:
3104:
2289:
2133:
1631:
1601:
1167:
1090:
1054:
989:
2592:
2468:
8834:
8746:
8567:
8050:
7915:
7878:
7578:
7543:
7533:
7513:
7385:
7265:
7230:
7220:
7215:
7200:
7088:
7012:
6916:
6893:
6586:
6453:
6375:
6325:
6275:
6077:
6017:
5529:
5479:
4855:
4738:
4711:
4255:
4245:
3473:
3389:
3345:
3274:
2762:
Problems in Comparative Chinese Dialectology – the Classification of Miin and Hakka
2621:
2304:
2156:
2116:
1506:), and the characters originally of this tone class are distributed across the non-
1499:
1480:
1390:
The initial consonant phoneme exhibited by the character 話 (word, speech; Mandarin
1261:
1238:
1192:
1111:
1074:
1019:
877:
751:
617:
374:
343:
237:
31:
1324:
in Hakka respectively. Like in Mandarin, labiodentalisation in Hakka also changed
2760:
1134:) means "family". Among themselves, Hakka people variously called their language
8615:
8590:
8558:
7961:
7937:
7910:
7900:
7873:
7858:
7834:
7658:
7235:
7158:
7153:
7113:
6843:
5674:
5648:
5544:
5514:
5491:
5459:
5198:
5188:
4992:
4887:
4872:
4835:
4783:
4604:
4595:
4491:
4330:
4205:
3932:
3819:
3034:
1468:
1288:
Characters such as 武 (war, martial arts) or 屋 (room, house), pronounced roughly
1269:
1257:
1234:
1204:
984:
976:
968:
652:
314:
304:
56:
17:
8817:
2676:
8741:
8598:
7989:
7927:
7905:
7275:
7148:
5090:
5064:
4830:
4796:
4301:
4228:
2817:
2800:
2414:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2352:
1995:
1984:
1973:
1964:
1829:
1815:
1801:
1787:
1773:
1759:
1745:
1731:
1717:
1265:
972:
631:
45:
1022:
of Moiyen in 1960, one of four languages receiving this status in Guangdong.
8736:
8548:
7966:
7954:
7949:
7893:
7225:
6042:
5964:
5539:
5290:
5281:
5009:
4899:
4551:
4539:
4350:
4181:
3834:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
3812:
3453:
3218:
3025:
1523:
1488:
1015:
960:
948:
912:
716:
475:
459:
206:
198:
38:
2782:
The Hakka Dialect: A Linguistic Study of Its Phonology, Syntax and Lexicon
2409:
1977:( / ) for the verb 'to eat' and 'to drink', unlike Mandarin which prefers
501:
466:
7932:
5861:
5829:
5415:
5056:
4237:
2231:
1562:
1492:
1484:
1472:
956:
952:
889:
737:
529:
517:
210:
2984:
2957:
2935:
2871:
1203:
during periods of war and civil unrest dating back as far as the end of
7971:
5728:
5408:
5295:
5124:
4720:
3314:
1515:
1281:
1216:
1171:
940:
936:
928:
916:
908:
758:
525:
218:
8179:
2733:] (in Chinese). Xianggang zhongwen daxue chubanshe. p. xxvi.
1406:
does not properly exist as a distinct unit in many Chinese varieties).
5890:
5787:
5589:
3227:
3042:
2334:
1581:(, , and ), which are uncommon in other southern Chinese varieties.
1546:
944:
924:
920:
885:
851:
819:
798:
414:
2844:
Ajia Afurika Gengo Bunka Kenkyū / Journal of Asia and Africa Studies
2765:. Trends in Linguistics series, no. 123. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
2251:
started broadcasting. Hakka Chinese is used on Sihai Kejia Channel.
1530:
tone, giving rise to seven tones in all (with yin-yang registers in
1241:. In Hakka and southern Gan, Sagart (2002) identifies a non-Chinese
183:
3841:
2221:. In 2004, the station had officially completed its establishment.
5300:
3223:
3038:
2461:"Draft National Language Development Act Clears Legislative Floor"
2151:
2072:
2066:
1442:
1212:
1200:
1196:
1195:
have their origins in several episodes of migration from northern
932:
881:
783:
436:
2700:
Zhan, Bohui 詹伯慧 (1993). "Guǎngdōng Shěng Ráopíng fāngyán jì yīn"
8183:
7068:
6127:
5894:
3845:
2988:
2028:
Has your mother returned from going to the market yet, child?
1419:
usually corresponds with a voiceless alveo-palatal fricative (
1032:
50:
30:
This article is about the language group. For the people, see
2236:". In Taiwan, there are seven Hakka Chinese radio channels.
2132:
has also been translated into Hakka (2000), specifically the
766:
495:
79-AAA-g > 79-AAA-ga (+ 79-AAA-gb transition to 79-AAA-h)
2890:. Taipei: Academia Sinica. pp. 129–153. Archived from
2858:(1998). "On distinguishing Hakka and non-Hakka dialects".
528:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2483:"Dàzhòng yùnshū gōngjù bòyīn yǔyán píngděng bǎozhàng fǎ"
2056:
It's very cold, the water in the bucket has frozen over.
2042:
His/her younger brother caught a butterfly to play with.
742:
728:
662:
1664:(Meixian, Wuhua, Raoping, Taiwan Kejia: Meizhou above),
643:
2656:"Kèjiāhuà gēn Miáo-Yáo-Zhuàng-Dòngyǔ de Guānxì wèntí"
37:"Hakfa" redirects here. For the village in Syria, see
8806:
2212:
was launched. It used Mandarin, Cantonese and Hakka.
1989:
1978:
1958:
1957:
when referring to 'saying', rather than the Mandarin
1455:(I speak Hakka. Hakka-language-friendly environment.)
1129:
1119:
622:
8724:
8708:
8690:
8637:
8614:
8589:
8566:
8557:
8534:
8525:
8516:
8490:
8481:
8449:
8423:
8358:
8281:
8265:
8235:
8226:
8217:
8109:
8038:
7982:
7786:
7724:
7677:
7634:
7596:
7481:
7403:
7394:
7326:
7289:
7176:
7167:
7079:
7005:
6907:
6789:
6715:
6562:
6444:
6256:
6247:
6199:
6151:
6140:
6116:
6096:
6003:
5951:
5944:
5928:
5758:
5727:
5656:
5647:
5638:
5572:
5563:
5505:
5425:
5400:
5362:
5309:
5235:
5171:
5123:
5078:
5055:
5000:
4991:
4929:
4848:
4823:
4805:
4782:
4719:
4710:
4673:
4650:
4612:
4603:
4594:
4530:
4490:
4417:
4395:
4367:
4349:
4323:
4300:
4236:
4227:
4204:
4174:
4151:
4075:
4015:
3987:
3964:
3941:
3908:
3899:
3890:
3774:
3726:
3683:
3611:
3544:
3452:
3420:
3378:
3313:
3216:
3130:
3023:
2275:had added automatic broadcasting in Hakka Chinese.
2273:
Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party
1526:province. They contain a yin-yang splitting in the
1207:. The forebears of the Hakka came from present-day
866:
834:
757:
750:
736:
722:
715:
702:
696:
683:
677:
670:
658:
651:
637:
630:
616:
609:
604:
581:
563:
549:
540:
489:
473:
457:
452:
403:
393:
388:
356:
327:
292:
253:
243:
233:
193:
155:
81:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2881:"Gan, Hakka and the Formation of Chinese Dialects"
2539:Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J., eds. (2003).
2218:Meizhou Radio and Television Station(MRT, 梅州廣播電視臺)
2805:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1080:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
2936:"On the genetic affiliation of Shehua 《论畬话的归属》"
2198:Meizhou People’s Broadcasting Station(梅州人民廣播電臺)
2140:). This also was dual-script, albeit using the
2967:Common Neo-Hakka: A Comparative Reconstruction
1375:), while in Cantonese, it merged with initial
1284:from earlier forms of Chinese. Some examples:
1158:), literally "Native Guangdong language", and
27:Sinitic language originating in southern China
8195:
5906:
3857:
3000:
2585:"The Hakka People > Historical Background"
2567:畲族语言. Fuzhou: Fujian People's Press 福建人民出版社.
2459:Fan, Cheng-hsiang; Kao, Evelyn (2018-12-25).
2241:Meixian Radio and Television Station(梅縣廣播電視臺)
2230:established a Hakka satellite cable channel "
2088:
2047:
2033:
2019:
1447:
569:
555:
161:
8:
2830:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2227:Taiwan Broadcasting System (TBS, 臺灣公共廣播電視集團)
2202:Meizhou Wired Broadcasting Station(梅州有線廣播電臺)
2136:dialect of Taiwan (itself a variant of the
1363:). For comparison, in Mandarin, /ɲ/ became
1249:, an archaic layer, and a more recent Late
173:
167:
8563:
8531:
8522:
8487:
8232:
8223:
8202:
8188:
8180:
7400:
7173:
7076:
7065:
6253:
6148:
6137:
6124:
6120:
5948:
5913:
5899:
5891:
5877:
5653:
5644:
5569:
4997:
4716:
4609:
4600:
4233:
3905:
3896:
3864:
3850:
3842:
3680:
3541:
3375:
3127:
3007:
2993:
2985:
2842:O'Connor, Kevin A. (1976). "Proto-Hakka".
2210:3CW Chinese Radio Australia(3CW澳大利亞中文廣播電臺)
601:
500:
443:Guangdong Province Department of Education
182:
152:
2950:The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press
2816:
2434:
2083:Hakka Chinese is typically written using
911:, spoken in different provinces, such as
197:South and southwestern China centered on
141:Learn how and when to remove this message
2001:
1848:
1698:
8813:
2402:
2326:
2262:, Sihai Kejia Channel has also joined.
1660:reports the dialects of Hakka as being
1510:tones. An example of such a dialect is
1453:(Ngài gong Hak。Hak-ngî yû-san fàn-kín)
522:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2836:, with supplementary sound recordings.
2823:
2641:
2446:
2310:Protection of the Varieties of Chinese
2271:Platform under the supervision of the
537:
2799:Lee, Wai-Sum & Zee, Eric (2009).
2711:(in Simplified Chinese) (2): 129–141.
2467:. Central News Agency. Archived from
1347:Middle Chinese initial phonemes /ɲ/ (
1272:, which is closely related to Hakka.
1174:province, people call their language
326:
7:
1577:, except Sixian and Dabu, preserved
1264:(Hmong–Mien) languages. Today, most
1233:(2002) considers Hakka and southern
79:adding citations to reliable sources
1522:, situated in coastal southeastern
2111:Various dialects of Hakka such as
1070:for transliterated languages, and
1050:of its non-English content, using
25:
2365:The Standard Chinese equivalents
2177:Meizhou Television Station(梅州電視臺)
1463:is surrounded by the counties of
8828:
8816:
5876:
5354:Literary and colloquial readings
5226:
3207:
2909:Schaank, Simon Hartwich (1897).
2420:
1434:Meixian dialect § Phonology
1037:
188:"Kejiahua" in Chinese characters
55:
767:
743:
729:
703:
684:
663:
644:
66:needs additional citations for
8871:Chinese languages in Singapore
2941:Journal of Chinese Linguistics
2915:(in Dutch). Leiden: E.J. Brill
2879:——— (2002).
2860:Journal of Chinese Linguistics
2780:Hashimoto, Mantaro J. (2010).
2759:Branner, David Prager (2000).
2115:, is sometimes written in the
2089:
1952:
1922:
1908:
1866:
1834:
1086:multilingual support templates
900:communities around the world.
856:
824:
623:
570:
556:
1:
2614:"[Insert title here]"
1268:in Fujian and Zhejiang speak
1191:It is commonly believed that
797:A Hakka speaker, recorded in
5882:List of varieties of Chinese
2803:. Illustrations of the IPA.
2620:(in Chinese). Archived from
2295:Hakka Transliteration Scheme
2260:Radio The Greater Bay(大灣區之聲)
1988:(Hakka / ) as 'to eat' and
1598:(otherwise known as Meizhou)
872:) forms a language group of
867:
835:
174:
168:
2528:– via law.moj.gov.tw.
1990:
1979:
1959:
1130:
1120:
8937:
5840:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
2934:Nakanishi, Hiroki (2010).
2654:Deng, Xiaohua 邓晓华 (1999).
2541:The Sino-Tibetan Languages
2190:Hakka Life Channel(客家生活頻道)
2161:Republic of China (Taiwan)
2104:
1431:
43:
36:
29:
8151:
8124:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
7075:
7064:
6136:
6123:
5874:
5224:
3879:
3829:
3205:
2965:Coblin, W. South (2019).
2818:10.1017/S0025100308003599
2465:Focus Taiwan News Channel
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2351:
2256:Shenzhou Easy Radio(神州之聲)
2048:
2034:
2020:
1994:
1983:
1972:
1963:
1936:
1894:
1880:
1828:
1814:
1800:
1786:
1772:
1758:
1744:
1730:
1716:
1588:(not to be confused with
1448:
1355:/ŋ/ initials in Hakka (人
1166:), "My/our language". In
876:, spoken natively by the
845:
813:
778:
600:
596:
577:
545:
508:
499:
395:Official language in
181:
162:
160:
2726:
2722:Liu, Zhenfa 劉鎮發 (1997).
2708:
2701:
2668:
2657:
2563:You Wenliang 游文良. 2002.
2484:
2249:Voice of Hong Kong(香港之聲)
1316:phoneme in Hakka, being
565:Traditional Chinese
44:Not to be confused with
8911:Languages of Bangladesh
8121:Northern (Beijing) Sign
2886:. In Ho, Dah-an (ed.).
2731:Hakka Pinyin Vocabulary
2675:: 42–49. Archived from
1579:postalveolar consonants
551:Simplified Chinese
223:Bangka Belitung Islands
8886:Languages of Indonesia
8876:Languages of Singapore
8866:Languages of Hong Kong
6130:Sino-Tibetan languages
2912:Het Loeh-foeng-dialect
2205:and cultural program.
2179:was founded. In 1994,
2164:
2075:
1672:(Northern Guangdong),
1456:
1306:Baxter's transcription
1276:Linguistic development
1014:(Moiyen) of northeast
802:
510:This article contains
249:44 million (2022)
8901:Languages of Suriname
8896:Languages of Thailand
8881:Languages of Malaysia
8796:Yilan Creole Japanese
3734:Central Tibeto-Burman
2350:In literary readings
2333:National language in
2155:
2070:
1668:(Central Guangdong),
1446:
1432:Further information:
1124:) means "guest", and
965:mutually intelligible
880:in parts of Southern
836:Hak-kâ-va / Hak-kâ-fa
796:
425:Hakka Affairs Council
421:Ministry of Education
8921:Varieties of Chinese
8891:Languages of Vietnam
8700:Taiwan Sign Language
2928:Taiwan Language Tool
2285:Varieties of Chinese
2268:Learning Power(學習強國)
2181:Hakka Public Channel
2169:Voice of Hakka(客家之聲)
1048:specify the language
1046:This section should
874:varieties of Chinese
75:improve this article
8861:Languages of Taiwan
8211:Languages of Taiwan
8164:NM = Inner Mongolia
3792:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
2159:, President of the
2004:
1851:
1850:Polysyllabic words
1701:
1700:Monosyllabic words
1696:than one syllable.
1573:. Most dialects of
8906:Languages of India
8856:Languages of China
8544:Taiwanese Mandarin
7701:Formosan languages
5922:Languages of China
5835:Cantonese Bopomofo
5702:Chinese characters
5630:Written Sichuanese
4214:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
3785:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
3727:Proposed groupings
2960:– via JSTOR.
2505:2017-07-25 at the
2449:, p. 438-440.
2165:
2085:Chinese characters
2076:
2002:
1849:
1843:'he', 'she', 'it'
1699:
1561:), Zhengping (now
1457:
1312:, have an initial
1001:national languages
995:Taiwan designates
803:
370:Chinese characters
300:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
8804:
8803:
8716:Taiwanese Braille
8686:
8685:
8682:
8681:
8633:
8632:
8576:Taiwanese Hokkien
8512:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8483:Malayo-Polynesian
8477:
8476:
8177:
8176:
7720:
7719:
7716:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7705:
7697:
7689:
7592:
7591:
7322:
7321:
7060:
7059:
7056:
7055:
6785:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6112:
6111:
5888:
5887:
5870:
5869:
5697:
5696:
5615:Written Cantonese
5610:
5609:
5392:Classical grammar
5387:Cantonese grammar
5222:
5221:
5119:
5118:
4925:
4924:
4844:
4843:
4706:
4705:
4413:
4412:
4200:
4199:
4090:Chengdu–Chongqing
3883:Sinitic languages
3839:
3838:
3722:
3721:
3607:
3606:
3448:
3447:
3203:
3202:
2976:978-986-54-3228-7
2930:(including Hakka)
2791:978-0-521-13367-8
2772:978-3-11-015831-1
2724:Kèyǔ pīnyīn zìhuì
2519:"Hakka Basic Act"
2498:Article 6 of the
2418:(27th ed., 2024)
2129:The Little Prince
2060:
2059:
1949:
1948:
1847:
1846:
1652:Changting dialect
1245:that is possibly
1108:
1107:
1088:may also be used.
794:
782:
781:
774:
773:
724:Yale Romanization
611:Standard Mandarin
536:
535:
518:rendering support
514:phonetic symbols.
405:Regulated by
151:
150:
143:
125:
16:(Redirected from
8928:
8833:
8832:
8831:
8821:
8820:
8812:
8564:
8532:
8523:
8488:
8233:
8224:
8204:
8197:
8190:
8181:
8133:
7703:
7695:
7687:
7401:
7174:
7077:
7066:
6254:
6149:
6138:
6125:
6121:
5949:
5936:Standard Chinese
5915:
5908:
5901:
5892:
5880:
5879:
5852:Taiwanese Hangul
5741:Mainland Chinese
5654:
5645:
5570:
5247:Standard Chinese
5230:
4998:
4717:
4610:
4601:
4483:
4471:
4459:
4447:
4435:
4234:
3906:
3897:
3873:Chinese language
3866:
3859:
3852:
3843:
3681:
3542:
3376:
3211:
3128:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2986:
2980:
2961:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2885:
2875:
2851:
2835:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2795:
2776:
2745:
2744:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2663:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2591:. Archived from
2581:
2575:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2515:
2509:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2407:
2390:
2389:are pronounced .
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2348:
2342:
2331:
2200:, also known as
2183:, also known as
2092:
2091:
2051:
2050:
2037:
2036:
2023:
2022:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1940:
1926:
1912:
1898:
1884:
1870:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1818:
1804:
1790:
1776:
1762:
1748:
1734:
1720:
1702:
1627:Fengshun dialect
1617:Jiaoling dialect
1612:Pingyuan dialect
1607:Xingning dialect
1559:Meixian District
1451:
1450:
1417:
1394:) is pronounced
1226:
1133:
1123:
1110:The name of the
1103:
1100:
1094:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1041:
1040:
1033:
943:, as well as in
898:overseas Chinese
870:
858:
849:
838:
826:
817:
795:
770:
769:
746:
745:
732:
731:
711:
710:
692:
691:
666:
665:
647:
646:
626:
625:
602:
573:
572:
559:
558:
538:
504:
485:
469:
462:
399:Suriname, Taiwan
362:
259:
186:
177:
171:
165:
164:
153:
146:
139:
135:
132:
126:
124:
83:
59:
51:
21:
18:Hakka (language)
8936:
8935:
8931:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8926:
8925:
8841:
8840:
8839:
8829:
8827:
8815:
8807:
8805:
8800:
8725:Other languages
8720:
8704:
8678:
8647:Taiwanese Hakka
8629:
8626:(Wuqiu dialect)
8610:
8585:
8581:Teochew dialect
8553:
8504:
8473:
8445:
8419:
8354:
8277:
8261:
8213:
8208:
8178:
8173:
8147:
8127:
8105:
8034:
7978:
7789:
7782:
7708:
7688:(Indo-European)
7673:
7630:
7588:
7477:
7390:
7318:
7285:
7163:
7071:
7070:Other languages
7052:
7001:
6932:Central Tibetan
6903:
6777:
6711:
6558:
6440:
6243:
6195:
6143:
6132:
6108:
6092:
5999:
5940:
5924:
5919:
5889:
5884:
5866:
5803:Tongyong Pinyin
5783:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
5771:Dungan Cyrillic
5754:
5723:
5693:
5634:
5625:Written Hokkien
5606:
5565:
5559:
5535:Middle Mandarin
5501:
5421:
5396:
5358:
5305:
5238:
5231:
5218:
5167:
5115:
5074:
5051:
4987:
4921:
4840:
4819:
4801:
4778:
4702:
4669:
4646:
4590:
4526:
4486:
4477:
4465:
4453:
4441:
4429:
4409:
4391:
4363:
4345:
4319:
4296:
4223:
4196:
4170:
4147:
4071:
4011:
3983:
3960:
3937:
3886:
3875:
3870:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3776:Proto-languages
3770:
3718:
3685:Greater Siangic
3679:
3616:
3603:
3540:
3444:
3416:
3374:
3318:
3309:
3221:
3212:
3199:
3132:Greater Magaric
3126:
3053:West Himalayish
3033:
3019:
3013:
2983:
2977:
2964:
2933:
2918:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2883:
2878:
2856:Sagart, Laurent
2854:
2841:
2822:
2801:"Hakka Chinese"
2798:
2792:
2779:
2773:
2758:
2754:
2752:Further reading
2749:
2748:
2741:
2728:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2625:
2618:edu.ocac.gov.tw
2612:
2611:
2607:
2598:
2596:
2589:edu.ocac.gov.tw
2583:
2582:
2578:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2507:Wayback Machine
2497:
2493:
2486:
2485:大眾運輸工具播音語言平等保障法
2481:
2480:
2476:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2364:
2360:
2356:is pronounced .
2349:
2345:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2315:Taiwanese Hakka
2281:
2150:
2142:Tongyong Pinyin
2113:Taiwanese Hakka
2109:
2103:
2081:
2065:
2063:Writing systems
1693:
1670:Huizhou, Yuebei
1642:Raoping dialect
1596:Meixian dialect
1590:Huizhou Chinese
1586:Huizhou dialect
1575:Taiwanese Hakka
1454:
1452:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1278:
1189:
1184:
1152:Tu-gong-dung-fa
1104:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1065:transliteration
1061:
1057:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1012:Meixian dialect
1005:Taiwanese Hakka
963:. Hakka is not
784:
705:
686:
588:
516:Without proper
481:
465:
458:
448:
445:
441:
430:
427:
423:
419:
396:
389:Official status
384:
363:
358:
323:
310:Proto-Hakka-She
295:
288:
260:
257:Language family
255:
246:
245:Native speakers
227:West Kalimantan
203:New Territories
189:
166:
147:
136:
130:
127:
90:"Hakka Chinese"
84:
82:
72:
60:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8934:
8932:
8924:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8843:
8842:
8838:
8837:
8825:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8776:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8750:
8749:
8739:
8734:
8728:
8726:
8722:
8721:
8719:
8718:
8712:
8710:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8702:
8696:
8694:
8688:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8680:
8679:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8643:
8641:
8635:
8634:
8631:
8630:
8628:
8627:
8624:Putian dialect
8620:
8618:
8612:
8611:
8609:
8608:
8607:
8606:
8595:
8593:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8583:
8578:
8572:
8570:
8561:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8551:
8546:
8540:
8538:
8529:
8520:
8514:
8513:
8510:
8509:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8502:
8496:
8494:
8485:
8479:
8478:
8475:
8474:
8472:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8455:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8444:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8427:
8425:
8421:
8420:
8418:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8391:
8390:
8385:
8375:
8370:
8364:
8362:
8356:
8355:
8353:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8336:
8335:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8320:
8310:
8305:
8304:
8303:
8298:
8287:
8285:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8275:
8269:
8267:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8259:
8258:
8257:
8247:
8241:
8239:
8230:
8221:
8215:
8214:
8209:
8207:
8206:
8199:
8192:
8184:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8168:
8165:
8162:
8159:
8158:HK = Hong Kong
8156:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8145:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8134:
8129:Hong Kong Sign
8122:
8113:
8111:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8042:
8040:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7986:
7984:
7980:
7979:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7969:
7959:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7942:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7925:
7924:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7897:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7837:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7794:
7792:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7780:
7775:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7728:
7726:
7722:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7713:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7704:(Austronesian)
7698:
7696:(Austronesian)
7690:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7640:
7638:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7602:
7600:
7594:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7485:
7483:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7409:
7407:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7332:
7330:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7295:
7293:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7182:
7180:
7171:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7085:
7083:
7073:
7072:
7069:
7062:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7009:
7007:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6913:
6911:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6874:Southern Qiang
6871:
6869:Northern Qiang
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6795:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6568:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6450:
6448:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6260:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6157:
6155:
6146:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6009:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5895:
5886:
5885:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5847:Taiwanese kana
5844:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5818:Lessing-Othmer
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5660:
5651:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5620:Written Dungan
5617:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5576:
5574:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5525:Middle Chinese
5522:
5517:
5511:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5492:Wubi (Wang Ma)
5489:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5440:
5437:
5431:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5412:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5243:
5241:
5233:
5232:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5209:Xiangnan Tuhua
5206:
5201:
5196:
5194:Shaozhou Tuhua
5191:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5129:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5006:
5004:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4607:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4496:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4472:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4423:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4107:Renshou–Fushun
4104:
4103:
4102:
4092:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4017:Central Plains
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3903:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3837:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3766:Tibeto-Kanauri
3763:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3739:Kuki-Chin–Naga
3736:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3702:
3689:
3687:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3627:
3625:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3592:
3587:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3550:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3462:
3460:
3458:Southeast Asia
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3397:
3395:Angami–Pochuri
3392:
3386:
3384:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3337:
3330:
3322:
3320:
3319:Burmese border
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3237:
3235:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3136:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3089:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3063:
3056:
3048:
3046:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2982:
2981:
2975:
2962:
2944:(in Chinese).
2931:
2925:
2906:
2876:
2866:(2): 281–302.
2852:
2838:
2837:
2811:(1): 107–111.
2796:
2790:
2777:
2771:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2714:
2692:
2671:(in Chinese).
2658:客家话跟苗瑶壮侗语的关系问题
2646:
2634:
2605:
2576:
2556:
2549:
2531:
2510:
2491:
2474:
2471:on 2018-12-25.
2451:
2439:
2435:Nakanishi 2010
2427:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2358:
2343:
2339:naturalisation
2325:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2277:
2149:
2146:
2138:Sixian dialect
2105:Main article:
2102:
2099:
2080:
2079:Chinese script
2077:
2071:Hakka Chinese
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:好冷阿，水桶个水都凝冰了阿。
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:Pronunciation
2009:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:Pronunciation
1856:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:Pronunciation
1706:
1692:
1689:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1647:Zhaoan dialect
1644:
1639:
1637:Sixian dialect
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1551:Haifeng County
1440:
1437:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1423:) in Mandarin.
1407:
1388:
1345:
1336:, Cantonese 武
1310:Middle Chinese
1277:
1274:
1251:Middle Chinese
1231:Laurent Sagart
1209:Central Plains
1199:into southern
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1106:
1105:
1084:. Knowledge's
1045:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1027:
999:as one of its
990:areal features
894:Southeast Asia
780:
779:
776:
775:
772:
771:
764:
755:
754:
748:
747:
740:
734:
733:
726:
720:
719:
717:Yue: Cantonese
713:
712:
700:
694:
693:
681:
675:
674:
668:
667:
660:
656:
655:
649:
648:
641:
635:
634:
628:
627:
620:
614:
613:
607:
606:
605:Transcriptions
598:
597:
594:
593:
585:
579:
578:
575:
574:
567:
561:
560:
553:
547:
546:
543:
542:
534:
533:
520:, you may see
506:
505:
497:
496:
493:
487:
486:
479:
471:
470:
463:
455:
454:
453:Language codes
450:
449:
447:
446:
434:
431:
429:
428:
412:
409:
407:
401:
400:
397:
394:
391:
390:
386:
385:
383:
382:
372:
366:
364:
360:Writing system
357:
354:
353:
352:
351:
346:
341:
336:
329:
325:
324:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
298:
296:
293:
290:
289:
287:
286:
285:
284:
283:
282:
263:
261:
254:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
235:
231:
230:
195:
191:
190:
187:
179:
178:
158:
157:
149:
148:
63:
61:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8933:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8916:Hakka culture
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8851:Hakka Chinese
8849:
8848:
8846:
8836:
8826:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8810:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8771:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8748:
8745:
8744:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8729:
8727:
8723:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8707:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8693:
8689:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8649:
8648:
8645:
8644:
8642:
8640:
8636:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8619:
8617:
8613:
8605:
8604:Matsu dialect
8602:
8601:
8600:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8592:
8588:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8569:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8556:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8515:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8480:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8452:
8448:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8422:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8361:
8357:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8328:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8289:
8288:
8286:
8284:
8280:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8264:
8256:
8253:
8252:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8205:
8200:
8198:
8193:
8191:
8186:
8185:
8182:
8169:
8167:XJ = Xinjiang
8166:
8163:
8160:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8150:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8132:
8130:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8108:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8037:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7981:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7960:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7946:
7943:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7929:
7926:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7853:
7850:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7796:
7795:
7793:
7791:
7785:
7779:
7776:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7723:
7702:
7699:
7694:
7691:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7670:
7669:Western Yugur
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7633:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7599:
7595:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7393:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7351:Eastern Yugur
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7325:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7271:Small Flowery
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7166:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7082:
7081:Austroasiatic
7078:
7074:
7067:
7063:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7004:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6714:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5943:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5916:
5911:
5909:
5904:
5902:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5883:
5873:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5766:Cyrillization
5764:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5658:Script styles
5655:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5234:
5229:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
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4810:
4808:
4804:
4798:
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4789:
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4772:
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4757:
4755:
4752:
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4727:
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4718:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4697:
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4688:
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4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4672:
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4655:
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4649:
4643:
4640:
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4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
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4619:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4593:
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4582:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
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4550:
4546:
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4541:
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4529:
4523:
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4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
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4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4481:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3806:Proto-Karenic
3803:
3801:
3800:
3799:Proto-Loloish
3796:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3760:Tibeto-Burman
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3546:Burmo-Qiangic
3543:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3440:Jingpho–Luish
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3078:Baram–Thangmi
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2897:on 2021-08-14
2893:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2742:
2740:962-201-750-9
2736:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2715:
2707:
2696:
2693:
2682:on 2019-03-27
2678:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2642:Sagart (2002)
2638:
2635:
2624:on 2004-08-30
2623:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2595:on 2019-09-09
2594:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2573:7-211-03885-3
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2550:0-7007-1129-5
2546:
2543:. Routledge.
2542:
2535:
2532:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2396:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:Hakka culture
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2265:In 2023, The
2263:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2021:阿妹，若母去投墟轉來毋曾？
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1968:(Hakka / ).
1966:
1961:
1955:
1945:'chopsticks'
1944:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1753:'care about'
1752:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1715:
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1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Hailu dialect
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:Wuhua dialect
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:Lufeng County
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:checked tones
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1409:Word-initial
1408:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1211:provinces of
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:Early history
1186:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:Tonggu County
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1102:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
869:
864:
859:
853:
848:
843:
839:
837:
832:
827:
821:
816:
811:
807:
800:
777:
765:
763:
760:
756:
753:
749:
741:
739:
735:
727:
725:
721:
718:
714:
708:
701:
699:
695:
689:
682:
680:
676:
673:
669:
661:
657:
654:
650:
642:
640:
636:
633:
629:
621:
619:
615:
612:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
568:
566:
562:
554:
552:
548:
544:
539:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
513:
507:
503:
498:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
478:
477:
472:
468:
464:
461:
456:
451:
444:
439:
438:
433:
432:
426:
422:
417:
416:
411:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
392:
387:
380:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
365:
361:
355:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
330:
316:
313:
312:
311:
308:
307:
306:
303:
302:
301:
297:
291:
281:
278:
277:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
267:
266:
262:
258:
252:
248:
242:
239:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
185:
180:
176:
170:
159:
154:
145:
142:
134:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92: –
91:
87:
86:Find sources:
80:
76:
70:
69:
64:This article
62:
58:
53:
52:
47:
40:
33:
19:
8747:Shanghainese
8692:Japonic Sign
8638:
8518:Sino-Tibetan
8219:Austronesian
8155:GX = Guangxi
8143:
8141:Tibetan Sign
8131:
8117:Chinese Sign
7983:Creole/Mixed
7863:
7852:Southeastern
7840:Southwestern
7803:Northeastern
7788:Varieties of
5788:Hanyu Pinyin
5778:Romanization
5685:Semi-cursive
5530:Old Mandarin
5487:Stroke count
5414:
5407:
5329:Old National
5172:Unclassified
4930:
4077:Southwestern
3910:Northeastern
3892:Major groups
3881:
3831:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3758:
3704:
3697:
3672:
3658:
3651:
3642:
3635:
3594:
3579:Lolo-Burmese
3577:
3553:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3399:
3367:
3360:
3351:
3344:
3332:
3325:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3247:
3240:
3192:
3186:
3172:
3165:
3151:
3144:
3119:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3084:
3070:
3058:
3051:
3016:Sino-Tibetan
2966:
2945:
2939:
2917:. Retrieved
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2892:the original
2887:
2863:
2859:
2847:
2843:
2826:cite journal
2808:
2804:
2781:
2761:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2705:
2695:
2684:. Retrieved
2677:the original
2672:
2665:
2649:
2637:
2626:. Retrieved
2622:the original
2617:
2608:
2597:. Retrieved
2593:the original
2588:
2579:
2564:
2559:
2540:
2534:
2522:. Retrieved
2513:
2494:
2477:
2469:the original
2464:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2413:
2405:
2361:
2346:
2329:
2305:Hagfa Pinyim
2266:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2188:
2185:Meizhou TV-2
2184:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2157:Tsai Ing-wen
2127:
2125:
2117:Latin script
2110:
2101:Latin script
2094:
2082:
1970:
1950:
1917:'telephone'
1694:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1622:Dabu dialect
1544:
1539:
1538:tones and a
1535:
1531:
1527:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1458:
1449:𠊎講客。客語友善環境。
1420:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1255:
1239:Song Dynasty
1229:
1193:Hakka people
1190:
1176:Huai-yuan-fa
1175:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1112:Hakka people
1109:
1096:
1082:ISO 639 code
1078:}}
1072:{{
1068:}}
1062:{{
1058:}}
1052:{{
1047:
1024:
1020:romanization
1009:
994:
902:
878:Hakka people
861:
855:
829:
823:
805:
804:
768:Kheh-oē (客话)
752:Southern Min
744:haak gaa waa
706:
690:hag5 ga1 va4
687:
685:hag5 ga1 fa4
679:Romanization
671:
659:Romanization
639:Romanization
618:Hanyu Pinyin
592:hag5 ga1 va4
589:
587:hag5 ga1 fa4
509:
491:Linguasphere
474:
435:
413:
375:Latin script
279:
265:Sino-Tibetan
229:in Indonesia
137:
131:January 2024
128:
118:
111:
104:
97:
85:
73:Please help
68:verification
65:
32:Hakka people
7649:Fuyu Kyrgyz
7448:Tai Hongjin
7134:Muak Sa-aak
5857:Xiao'erjing
5719:Punctuation
5712:Traditional
5665:Oracle bone
5649:Logographic
5545:Proto-Hakka
5520:Eastern Han
5515:Old Chinese
5377:Classifiers
5344:Northern Wu
5272:Singaporean
4478: [
4466: [
4454: [
4442: [
4430: [
3820:Proto-Hakka
3749:Mahakiranti
3255:East Bodish
3035:Uttarakhand
2952:: 247–267.
2919:11 February
2666:Mínzú yǔwén
2565:Shezu yuyan
2447:Coblin 2019
2300:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
2121:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
2107:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
2035:厥老弟捉倒隻蛘葉來搞。
1971:Hakka uses
1739:'formerly'
1680:(Longnan),
1308:) in Early
1235:Gan Chinese
1205:Western Jin
1128:(Mandarin:
1118:(Mandarin:
1099:August 2024
863:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
831:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
698:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
524:instead of
379:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
315:Proto-Hakka
305:Old Chinese
294:Early forms
8845:Categories
8791:Vietnamese
8779:Indonesian
8599:Fuzhounese
8459:Kanakanavu
8170:XZ = Tibet
8161:MC = Macau
8101:Zhangzhung
7845:Sichuanese
7772:Vietnamese
7169:Hmong-Mien
7048:Waxianghua
6829:Khroskyabs
6117:Indigenous
6005:Prefecture
5980:Portuguese
5808:Wade–Giles
5707:Simplified
5602:Vernacular
5595:in Vietnam
5448:Simplified
5435:Biaoxingma
5382:Honorifics
5317:Historical
5262:Philippine
5252:Sichuanese
5179:Badong Yao
4883:Shao–Jiang
4754:Philippine
4562:Xiangxiang
4557:Shuangfeng
4302:Taizhou Wu
4085:Sichuanese
3714:Idu–Taraon
3668:Miju–Meyor
3561:Gyalrongic
3407:Tangkhulic
3182:Raji–Raute
2901:2016-04-05
2850:(1): 1–64.
2686:2021-07-03
2628:2014-10-12
2599:2010-06-11
2415:Ethnologue
2397:References
2008:Character
1855:Character
1823:'I', 'me'
1767:'naughty'
1705:Character
1691:Vocabulary
1676:(Min-Ke),
1658:Ethnologue
1402:in Hakka (
1266:She people
1260:, and the
1247:Hmong-Mien
1243:substratum
868:Hak-kâ-ngî
730:haak gā wá
664:Khak-ka-ua
101:newspapers
46:Hakha Chin
8774:Malaysian
8737:Cantonese
8709:Auxiliary
8378:Ketagalan
8296:Favorlang
8081:Tocharian
8015:Qoqmončaq
7967:Cantonese
7921:Shaojiang
7894:Hainanese
7823:Zhongyuan
7818:Jiao-Liao
7752:Esperanto
7654:Ili Turki
7361:Khamnigan
7226:Kiong Nai
6997:Zitsadegu
5975:Mongolian
5965:Cantonese
5746:Taiwanese
5736:Cantonese
5580:Classical
5540:Proto-Min
5475:Microsoft
5334:Cantonese
5310:Phonology
5291:Cantonese
5282:Singdarin
5267:Malaysian
5257:Taiwanese
5161:Rongjiang
5151:Yongjiang
5147:Southern
5132:Northern
5106:Luo–Guang
5015:Hong Kong
5010:Guangzhou
4966:Taiwanese
4959:Changting
4893:Zhanjiang
4807:Zhongshan
4774:Malaysian
4769:Singapore
4734:Zhangzhou
4686:Zhongshan
4579:Yong–Quan
4475:Jing-Zhan
4405:Xuancheng
4382:Jiangshan
4261:Changzhou
4182:Junjiahua
4035:Guanzhong
3918:Changchun
3813:Proto-Min
3744:Macro-Bai
3622:Arunachal
3615:(possible
3430:Boro–Garo
3334:Kuki-Chin
3317:and Indo-
3232:Arunachal
3219:Himalayas
3194:Tandrange
3161:Chepangic
3092:Dhimalish
3026:Himalayas
2702:广东省饶平方言记音
2254:In 2019,
2247:In 2012,
2239:In 2005,
2224:In 2003,
2208:In 1999,
2196:In 1991,
2175:In 1988,
2095:漢字 Hon-sṳ
2003:Examples
1931:'school'
1678:Ning-Long
1666:Yuezhong
1524:Guangdong
1512:Changting
1489:Hong Kong
1428:Phonology
1136:Hak-ka-fa
1029:Etymology
1016:Guangdong
961:Indonesia
949:Singapore
913:Guangdong
905:varieties
892:areas of
709:Hak-kâ-va
704:Hak-kâ-fa
645:Kah-ka-ho
476:Glottolog
460:ISO 639-3
234:Ethnicity
207:Hong Kong
199:Guangdong
175:Hak-kâ-fa
169:Hak-kâ-va
39:Abu Hakfa
8823:Language
8759:Japanese
8754:Filipino
8568:Southern
8536:Mandarin
8424:Southern
8405:Sakizaya
8345:Saisiyat
8283:Northern
8237:Atayalic
8228:Formosan
8025:Tangwang
8005:Macanese
8000:Lingling
7933:Northern
7916:Northern
7879:Southern
7798:Mandarin
7725:Minority
7685:Sarikoli
7598:Tungusic
7559:Naxi Yao
7504:Cao Miao
7428:Ningming
7328:Mongolic
7304:Dzao Min
7299:Biao Min
7256:Qo Xiong
7251:Pingtang
6947:Dongwang
6889:Tshobdun
6814:Guiqiong
6416:Sangkong
6191:Muangphe
6153:Mondzish
6107:numerous
6098:Counties
5945:Regional
5929:Official
5830:Bopomofo
5759:Phonetic
5751:Two-cell
5680:Clerical
5590:in Japan
5585:Adoption
5573:Official
5564:Literary
5439:Boshiamy
5416:Xiehouyu
5372:Numerals
5349:Mandarin
5277:Standard
5237:Standard
5111:Qin–Lian
5101:Yong–Xun
5086:Gao–Yang
5032:Jiujiang
5020:Malaysia
4954:Tingzhou
4905:Wenchang
4866:Jianyang
4856:Northern
4815:Sanxiang
4729:Quanzhou
4712:Southern
4681:Manjiang
4545:Changsha
4505:Nanchang
4500:Chang–Du
4397:Xuanzhou
4387:Qingtian
4341:Wencheng
4287:Jiangyin
4282:Jinxiang
4272:Shaoxing
4266:Hangzhou
4246:Shanghai
4187:Qinjiang
4095:Minjiang
4067:Xinjiang
4025:Dongping
3989:Jiaoliao
3928:Shenyang
3901:Mandarin
3618:isolates
3585:Mondzish
3513:Cai–Long
3261:Tshangla
3217:Eastern
3060:Tamangic
3030:Himachal
3024:Western
3018:branches
2958:23825447
2872:23756757
2503:Archived
2279:See also
2233:Hakka TV
2144:scheme.
1809:'mouth'
1795:'house'
1781:'penis'
1725:'clean'
1674:Tingzhou
1571:Pingyuan
1567:Xingning
1563:Jiaoling
1493:Shenzhen
1485:Fengshun
1477:Xingning
1473:Jiaoling
1465:Pingyuan
1439:Dialects
1413:as in 學
1282:phonemes
1221:Mandarin
981:Mandarin
957:Thailand
953:Malaysia
909:dialects
890:diaspora
825:Kèjiāhuà
738:Jyutping
624:Kèjiāhuà
530:Help:IPA
483:hakk1236
339:Tingzhou
328:Dialects
211:Malaysia
8809:Portals
8732:English
8672:Zhao'an
8667:Raoping
8616:Pu-Xian
8591:Eastern
8527:Sinitic
8492:Batanic
8415:Taivoan
8400:Qauqaut
8395:Makatao
8388:Luilang
8373:Kavalan
8096:Xianbei
8091:Tuyuhun
8061:Old Yue
8039:Extinct
8020:Sanqiao
7911:Central
7901:Eastern
7884:Hokkien
7828:Lan-Yin
7808:Beijing
7790:Chinese
7747:Russian
7509:Chadong
7489:Ai-Cham
7458:Tai Nüa
7443:Tai Dón
7438:Tai Dam
7396:Kra-Dai
7366:Monguor
7356:Kangjia
7314:Kim Mun
7309:Iu Mien
7231:Luobohe
7221:Huishui
7201:Guiyang
7178:Hmongic
7139:Palaung
7129:Man Met
7033:Longjia
6982:Ladakhi
6977:Kyirong
6967:Khalong
6952:Drugchu
6909:Tibetic
6879:Shixing
6791:Qiangic
6572:Alingpo
6564:Nisoish
6549:Yangliu
6544:Xuzhang
6474:Laizisi
6469:Kuamasi
6464:Kua-nsi
6446:Lisoish
6426:Tsukong
6366:Laomian
6291:Baihong
6258:Hanoish
6249:Loloish
6234:Lhao Vo
6229:Chashan
6214:Xiandao
6201:Burmish
6144:Burmese
6102:Banners
6058:Tai Nüa
5985:Tibetan
5970:English
5729:Braille
5690:Cursive
5640:Scripts
5507:History
5497:ZhengMa
5443:Cangjie
5409:Chengyu
5364:Grammar
5339:Hokkien
5296:Hokkien
5204:Waxiang
5184:Danzhou
5156:Guandao
5141:Younian
5136:Tongdao
5125:Pinghua
5065:Taishan
4981:Raoping
4949:Huizhou
4939:Meixian
4915:Banqiao
4888:Leizhou
4878:Pu–Xian
4873:Central
4861:Jian'ou
4836:Longyan
4784:Teochew
4721:Hokkien
4696:Nanlang
4652:Fu–Ning
4632:Changle
4614:Houguan
4605:Eastern
4552:Loushao
4540:Changyi
4522:Da–Tong
4517:Ying–Yi
4463:Yanzhou
4331:Wenzhou
4324:Oujiang
4315:Tiantai
4310:Taizhou
4219:Zhi–Yan
4166:Nantong
4161:Nanjing
4136:Gui–Liu
4126:Nanping
4121:Kunming
4047:Luoyang
4002:Qingdao
3974:Tianjin
3951:Beijing
3943:Beijing
3832:Italics
3693:Siangic
3674:Songlin
3653:Kho-Bwa
3631:Hrusish
3613:Dubious
3596:Loloish
3590:Burmish
3555:Qiangic
3526:Longjia
3493:Karenic
3487:Nungish
3467:Sinitic
3353:Hkongso
3315:Myanmar
3285:Gongduk
3249:Tibetic
3167:Chepang
3140:Magaric
3086:Kiranti
3066:Newaric
2706:Fāngyán
1903:'home'
1889:'moon'
1686:Tonggu.
1662:Yue-Tai
1542:tone).
1516:Haifeng
1504:rusheng
1461:Meixian
1379:/j/ (人
1367:/ɻ/ (人
1217:Shaanxi
1182:History
1172:Jiangxi
1160:Ngai-fa
1091:See why
941:Guizhou
937:Jiangxi
929:Sichuan
917:Guangxi
896:and in
888:, some
857:Kèjiāyǔ
842:Chinese
810:Chinese
759:Hokkien
526:Unicode
349:Huizhou
334:Meixian
275:Chinese
270:Sinitic
219:Vietnam
215:Chợ Lớn
115:scholar
8764:Korean
8652:Sixian
8549:Junhua
8464:Saaroa
8451:Tsouic
8441:Puyuma
8436:Paiwan
8410:Siraya
8334:Kaxabu
8318:Arikun
8313:Hoanya
8308:Papora
8301:Taokas
8291:Babuza
8266:Rukaic
8250:Seediq
8245:Atayal
8076:Tangut
8066:Rouran
8056:Khitan
8046:Ba–Shu
8010:Maojia
7995:Hezhou
7906:Puxian
7889:Teoswa
7774:(Kinh)
7742:Kyrgyz
7737:Korean
7732:Kazakh
7636:Turkic
7621:Oroqen
7611:Manchu
7606:Evenki
7574:Qabiao
7564:Ong Be
7549:Maonan
7539:Lakkja
7529:Jiamao
7499:Buyang
7463:Tai Ya
7453:Tai Lü
7413:Bouyei
7405:Zhuang
7386:Torgut
7341:Buryat
7291:Mienic
7281:Younuo
7261:Raojia
7241:Pa-Hng
7236:Mashan
7206:Hm Nai
7191:Bu-Nao
7186:A-Hmao
7109:Bumang
7028:Jingpo
7023:Derung
7018:Caijia
6992:Zhongu
6962:Gserpa
6854:Namuyi
6824:Japhug
6773:Zauzou
6748:Namuyi
6733:Kucong
6707:Zokhuo
6702:Thopho
6682:Phupha
6667:Phukha
6612:Khlula
6554:Zibusi
6539:Toloza
6534:Sonaga
6519:Mangdi
6514:Lolopo
6459:Hlersu
6396:Phana’
6391:Nuomei
6371:Laopin
6306:Bukong
6281:Angluo
6209:Achang
6186:Mondzi
6088:Zhuang
6063:Tai Lü
6053:Kazakh
6048:Kyrgyz
6033:Korean
6023:Bouyei
5995:Zhuang
5990:Uyghur
5798:Postal
5793:MPS II
5670:Bronze
5550:Ba–Shu
5470:Google
5465:Pinyin
5401:Idioms
5214:Yeheni
5096:Wu–Hua
5091:Goulou
5070:Xinhui
5047:Dapeng
5042:Weitou
5027:Xiguan
5002:Yuehai
4971:Sixian
4910:Haikou
4900:Hainan
4831:Zhenan
4797:Haklau
4792:Swatow
4764:Penang
4749:Taiwan
4744:Chawan
4691:Longdu
4660:Ningde
4637:Gutian
4627:Fuqing
4622:Fuzhou
4584:Qiyang
4567:Wugang
4512:Yi–Liu
4439:Xiu-Yi
4427:Ji-She
4377:Quzhou
4369:Chu–Qu
4359:Jinhua
4351:Wuzhou
4336:Rui'an
4277:Ningbo
4251:Suzhou
4141:Wuming
4112:Zigong
4100:Leshan
4062:Lanyin
4057:Dungan
4052:Xuzhou
4030:Gangou
4007:Weihai
3997:Dalian
3956:Taiwan
3923:Harbin
3706:Milang
3660:Puroik
3644:Mijiic
3568:Ersuic
3519:Caijia
3435:Konyak
3401:Meitei
3305:Chamdo
3242:Bodish
3228:Bhutan
3174:Bhujel
3121:Lepcha
3112:Lhokpu
3098:Dhimal
3043:Sikkim
2973:
2956:
2870:
2788:
2769:
2737:
2727:客語拼音字彙
2571:
2547:
2524:22 May
2335:Taiwan
2134:Miaoli
2014:Gloss
1875:'sun'
1861:Gloss
1711:Gloss
1682:Yugui,
1547:Taiwan
1520:Lufeng
1483:, and
1225:-p-t-k
1144:Hak-fa
945:Taiwan
925:Fujian
921:Hainan
886:Taiwan
854::
852:pinyin
844::
822::
820:pinyin
812::
799:Taiwan
415:Taiwan
344:Sixian
221:, and
201:, the
194:Region
117:
110:
103:
96:
88:
8835:China
8769:Malay
8657:Hailu
8639:Hakka
8431:Bunun
8383:Basay
8340:Kulon
8330:Pazeh
8273:Rukai
8255:Truku
8086:Tuoba
8030:Wutun
7945:Xiang
7938:Auish
7864:Hakka
7813:Ji-Lu
7778:Wakhi
7767:Uzbek
7762:Tuvan
7757:Tatar
7678:Other
7664:Salar
7616:Nanai
7554:Mulam
7519:Gelao
7482:Other
7381:Santa
7376:Ordos
7371:Oirat
7336:Bonan
7276:Xixiu
7246:Pa Na
7211:Hmong
7196:Gejia
7144:Riang
7104:Bugan
7099:Bolyu
7094:Blang
7043:Tujia
7006:Other
6987:Tseku
6972:Khams
6957:Groma
6937:Choni
6927:Basum
6922:Baima
6899:Zhaba
6819:Horpa
6804:Choyo
6799:Baima
6768:Sanie
6743:Naruo
6728:Katso
6723:Gokhy
6716:Other
6692:Samei
6687:Phuza
6677:Phupa
6672:Phuma
6662:Phowa
6657:Phola
6652:Phala
6647:Nuosu
6602:Bokha
6577:Alugu
6524:Micha
6436:Yiche
6421:Suobi
6386:Nuobi
6356:Kaduo
6351:Kabie
6331:Habei
6321:Duota
6316:Duoni
6311:Cosao
6239:Zaiwa
6224:Lashi
6176:Mango
6171:Manga
6166:Maang
6161:Kathu
6142:Lolo-
6068:Zaiwa
6038:Qiang
6028:Tujia
6013:Hmong
5862:Nüshu
5566:forms
5480:Sogou
5427:Input
5301:Hakka
5239:forms
5079:Other
5037:Shiqi
4976:Hailu
4944:Wuhua
4931:Hakka
4849:Other
4824:Other
4759:Pedan
4674:Other
4665:Fu'an
4642:Matsu
4574:Ji–Xu
4532:Xiang
4482:]
4470:]
4458:]
4451:Qi-De
4446:]
4434:]
4292:Shadi
4238:Taihu
4192:Gyami
4175:Other
4131:Wuhan
4040:Xi'an
3979:Jinan
3637:Hruso
3533:Luren
3507:Kathu
3481:Tujia
3369:Taman
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