Hand evaluation - Knowledge (XXG)

383:

can see that the ace and queen have something in common in that they are both "off" by a half point. The jack and ten are also both "off" by a quarter point. So for example, a hand with one of each honor (A, K, Q, J, 10) would be counted as 10 HCP. Since the hard and soft values are equal (the ace and queen cancel out, and the jack and ten cancel out), there is no adjustment. On the other hand, to take an extreme example, a hand with four aces and four tens (no kings, queens, or jacks) would be counted at 16 HCP at first, but since it holds eight hard values and no soft values, it is adjusted to 19 HCP.

951:

containing 11 HCP and 5–4–2–2 shape would qualify for an opening bid because the resultant number would be 20 (11 + 5 + 4) whereas 11 HCP and 4–4–3–2 shape would not (11 + 4 + 4 = 19). This method gives very similar results to length points as above except for a hand containing 11 HCP and 5–3–3–2 shape which gives 19 on the Rule of 20 (insufficient to open) but 12 total points by adding 1 length point to the 11 HCP (sufficient to open). Experience and further analysis are needed to decide which is appropriate.

1476:(1981) was probably the first major book on this topic. In the introduction the authors acknowledge Jean-René Vernes as the first writer to delve into the TNT (Total Number of Tricks) Theory. This book and these authors are little known in North America. What a shame! They touch several aspects of TNT that are rarely mentioned by others. Chapter Four on Total Distribution is worth the price (if you can locate a used copy of this out-of-print book). Page 19 carries a key table that may not be printed elsewhere. 942:

A=1, KQ=1, Kx=0.5 . This formula for evaluating opening bid strength is referred to by Ron Klinger as "Highly Cutie" : HIgh card points + LEngth count + Quick Tricks. The method attempts to improve the widely accepted 'Rule of 20' by emphasizing the importance of defensive values in a one-level opening hand, and by assigning greater value to honor cards that work together in the same suit than to honors that are split between suits.

968:

the number of cards in the suit and the number of high (honour) cards in the suit. For this purpose high cards are considered to be A, K, Q, J and 10 but the J and 10 are only to be counted if at least one of the A, K or Q are present. The resultant number determines the level at which the particular bid should be made (Klinger 1994) according to this scale:

928:

to take tricks in attack or defence. Point count or the Losing Trick Count indicate how many tricks a hand is likely to make in offence; a hand with high ODR will tend to be more distributional, with lower HCP, and take less tricks in defence than a hand with the same number of losers but a low ODR. There is no precise numerical statement of the ODR.

1451:

to which the partnership should bid. So, 15 half-losers opposite 15 half-losers leads to 19-(15+15)/2 = 4-level contract. Players already familiar with this formula will recognize the difference between 25 (total projected tricks) and 19 (projected contract level) as the number of tricks required by declarer to secure a "book", which is 6.

463:

arise because the term "points" can be used to mean either HCP, or HCP plus length points. This method, of valuing both honour cards and long suits, is suitable for use at the opening bid stage before a trump suit has been agreed. In the USA this method of combining HCP and long-card points is known as the point-count system.

787:), the partnership having the minimum 26 total points typically required for a game contract in the majors. Despite the spade suit fit, both East hands have marginal slam potential based on their 16 HCP count alone. On the top layout the control-rich East (an upgraded 17–18 HCP) should explore slam and be willing to bypass 4 826:

combinations occur. This method is particularly useful in making difficult decisions on marginal hands, especially for overcalling and in competitive bidding situations. In lieu of arithmetic addition or subtraction of HCP or distributional points, 'plus' or 'minus' valuations may be applied to influence the decision.

90:. Although 'Robertson's Rule' for bidding (the 7-5-3 count) had been in use for more than a dozen years, McCampbell sought a more "simple scale of relative values. The Pitch Scale is the easiest to remember. (Those ... who have played Auction Pitch will have no difficulty in recognizing and remembering these values.)" 1450:

Similar to basic LTC, users may employ an alternative formula to determine the appropriate contract level. The NLTC alternative formula is 19 (instead of 18 with basic LTC) minus the sum of the losers in the two hands (i.e. half the sum of the half-losers in both hands) = the suggested contract level

290:

Both East hands are exactly the same, and both West hands have the same shape, the same HCP count, and the same high cards. The only difference between the West hands is that two low red cards and one low black card have been swapped (between the heart suit and the diamond suit, and between the spade

1613:

For relatively strong hands containing long suits (e.g. an Acol 2 opener), playing tricks are defined as the number of tricks expected, with no help from partner, given that the longest suit is trumps. Thus for long suits the ace, king and queen are counted together with all cards in excess of 3 in

1446:

A typical opening bid is assumed to have 15 or fewer half-losers, or 7.5 losers, which is half a loser more compared to basic LTC. NLTC also differs from LTC in the fact that it utilises a value of 25 (instead of 24 with basic LTC) in determining the trick-taking potential of two partnering hands.

1100:

Once a trump fit has been found, this alternative (to HCP) method is used in situations where shape and fit are of more significance than HCP in determining the optimum level of a suit contract. The "losing-tricks" in a hand are added to the systemically assumed losing tricks in partners hand (7 for

775:

The table can be used as tie-breaker for estimating the slam-going potential of hands like the above two East hands. Whilst the top East hand counts 16 HCP, in terms of controls (6) it is equivalent to a hand typically 1–2 HCP stronger, whereas the bottom East hand, also counting 16 HCP, is in terms

462:

A hand comprising a 5-card suit and a 6-card suit gains points for both, i.e., 1 + 2 making 3 points in total. Other combinations are dealt with in a similar way. These distribution points (sometimes called length points) are added to the HCP to give the total point value of the hand. Confusion can

967:

The SQT evaluates an individual suit as a precursor to deciding whether, and at what level, certain bids should be made. This method is generally considered useful for making an overcall and for making a preemptive opening bid; it works for long suits i.e. 5 cards at least, as follows: Add together

927:

This concept is sometimes stated as the "Offence-Defence Ratio" (ODR) of a hand. For example, a suit KQJ10987 will take 6 tricks with this as the trump suit but maybe none in defence; it has a high ODR. If the same cards are randomly scattered through different suits, they are about equally likely

382:

Note that this scale keeps the 40 high card point system intact. The scale may seem cumbersome, but if one considers the ace and ten honors "hard" and the queen and jack honors "soft" it is much easier to accurately count high card points by using the familiar 4-3-2-1 system and then adjusting. One

1442:

Adopters of NLTC should note that all singletons, except singleton A, are counted as three half-losers (1.5 losers), and all doubletons that are missing both the A and K are counted as five half-losers (2.5 losers). Like basic LTC, no suit contains more than three losers, so with NLTC, three small

941:

Add together the number of HCP in the hand, and the number of cards in the two longest suits, and the number of quick tricks in the hand. If the resultant number is 22 or higher, then an opening bid is suggested . In 3rd seat the requirement may be lowered to 19. Quick tricks are: AK=2, AQ=1.5,

522:

An alternative approach is to create a distributional point count of a hand to be added to HCP simply by adding the combined length of the two longest suits, subtracting the length of the shortest suit, and subtracting a further five. On this basis 4333 hands score -1 and all other shapes score a

1503:

In 2002, Anders Wirgren called the accuracy of the "law" into question, saying it works on only 40% of deals. However, Larry Cohen remains convinced it is a useful guideline, especially when adjustments are used properly. Mendelson (1998) finds that it is "accurate to within one trick on the vast

1223:

xx, has 7 losers (1+2+2+2=7). To calculate how high to bid, responder adds the number of losers in their hand to the assumed number in opener's hand (7). The total number of losers is subtracted from 24. The answer is the total number of tricks available to the partnership, and this should be the

982:

An alternative way to look at this is that the bid should be to the level of the number of tricks equal to the SQT number. This method was originally proposed as a way of enabling overcalls to be made with relatively few HCP but with little risk. It can also be used to determine whether a hand is

552:

The control count is the sum of the controls where aces are valued as two controls, kings as one control and queens and jacks as zero. This control count can be used as "tie-breakers" for hands evaluated as marginal by their HCP count. Hands with the same shape and the same HCP can have markedly

531:

When intending to make a bid in a suit and there is no agreed upon trump suit, add high card points and length points to get the total point value of one's hand. When intending to raise an agreed trump suit, add high card points and shortness points. When making a bid in notrump with intent to

294:

With a total of 34 HCP in the combined hands, based on the above-mentioned HCP-requirement for slam, most partnerships would end in a small slam (12 tricks) contract. Yet, the left layout produces 13 tricks in notrump, whilst the right layout on a diamond lead would fail to produce more than 10

118:

Evaluating a hand on this basis takes due account of the fact that there are 10 HCP in each suit and therefore 40 in the complete deck of cards. An average hand contains one quarter of the total, i.e. 10 HCP. The method has the dual benefits of simplicity and practicality, especially in notrump

1513:

Hands with relatively solid long suits have a trick taking potential not easily measured by the basic pointcount methods (e.g. a hand containing 13 spades will take all 13 tricks if spades are trumps, but will only score 19 on the point count method, 10 HCP + 9 length point). For such hands,

299:

in the high card values: in the bottom layout the combined 20 HCP in spades and diamonds results in only five tricks. Because such duplication can often not be detected during bidding, the high card point method of hand evaluation, when used alone, provides only a preliminary estimate of the

950:

Add together the number of HCP in the hand, and the number of cards in the two longest suits. If the resultant number is 20 or higher and most of the high cards are in the long suits, then an opening bid is suggested (the choice of which bid requires further analysis). As an example, a hand

690:

In the above examples, both West hands are the same, and both East hands have the same shape and HCP (16). Yet, the layout above represents a solid slam (12 tricks) in spades, whilst the layout below will fail to produce 12 tricks. The difference between the East hands becomes apparent when

548:

The control count is a supplementary method that is mainly used in combination with HCP count to determine the trick-taking potential of fitting hands, in particular to investigate slam potential. The use of control count addresses the fact that for suit contracts, aces and kings tend to be

1468:

For shapely hands where a trump fit has been agreed, the combined length of the trump suit can be more significant than points or HCP in deciding on the level of the final contract. It is of most value in competitive bidding situations where the HCP are divided roughly equally between the

825:

Certain combinations of cards have higher or lower trick taking potential than the simple point count methods would suggest. Proponents of this idea suggest that HCP should be deducted from hands where negative combinations occur. Similarly, additional points might be added where positive

341:

To adjust for aces, Goren recommended deducting one HCP for a hand without any aces and adding one for holding four aces. Some adjust for tens by adding 1/2 HCP for each. Alternatively, some treat aces and tens as a group and add one HCP if the hand contains three or more aces and tens;

439:

In order to improve the accuracy of the bidding process, the high card point count is supplemented by the evaluation of unbalanced or shapely hands using additional simple arithmetic methods. Two approaches are common – evaluation of suit length and evaluation of suit shortness.

1086:)). At lower levels it is harder to be as precise but Crowhust & Kambites advise "With a good fit bid aggressively but with a misfit be cautious". Some of the methods that follow are designed to use arithmetic in the evaluation of hands that fit with partner's. 1671:

compatible with the bidding. This means that in order to reach an informed decision in, for example, deciding whether a hand is worth an invitation to game or slam, a player should 'visualise' the most balanced distribution with the minimum HCP partner might have

1402:

Bernard Magee also points out that the LTC can overvalue doubletons. A hand with two doubletons will usually have more immediate losers than one with a singleton and 3 cards in the other suit. The older "shortage points" method values the second hand type higher.

772:. Rosenkranz defined "the expected number of controls in balanced hands" at specific HCP counts as 'control-neutral' in a table similar to the consolidation shown on the left; having more controls is deemed 'control-rich' and having less is 'control-weak'. 1417:

Extending these thoughts, most experts agree that basic LTC undervalues Aces and overvalues Queens. In addition, many believe that worthless singletons and doubletons are generally overvalued. Recent insights on these issues have led to the

518:

This method uses both lengths and shortages in all situations. The hand scores two shortage points for a void and one for a singleton, and this total is added to the usual length count: one point is added for each card in a suit beyond four.

1708:. A minimum hand compatible with the bidding would have no more than 12 HCP, and be relatively balanced (i.e. 5332). The hand would be perfect if partner's points were solely located in spades and diamond. So a perfect minimum would be: 1447:

Hence, in NLTC the expected number of tricks equates to 25 minus the sum of the losers in the two hands (i.e. half the sum of the half-losers in both hands). So, 15 half-losers opposite 15 half-losers leads to 25-(15+15)/2 = 10 tricks.

1428:, May 2003). For more precision, this method utilizes the concept of half-losers and, more important, distinguishes between 'Ace-losers', 'King-losers' and 'Queen-losers.' Considering only the three highest ranking cards in each suit: 145:

A simple justification for 37 HCP being suitable for a grand slam is that it is the lowest number that guarantees the partnership holding all the aces. Similarly 33 HCP is the lowest number that guarantees at least three aces.

52:, fit with partner, quality of suits and quality of the whole hand. The methods range from basic to complex, requiring partners to have the same understandings and agreements about their application in their bidding system. 41:. Key to this process is that players evaluate and re-evaluate the trick-taking potential of their hands as the auction proceeds and additional information about partner's hand and the opponent's hands becomes available. 1398:

of the hand believing that the basic method undervalues an ace but overvalues a queen and undervalues short honor combinations such as Qx or a singleton king. Also it places no value on cards jack or lower.

798:

Having determined the degree of interest in exploring slam possibilities, the methods and conventions to determine which controls (aces, kings and even queens) are held by the partnership include: the

3677: 2617: 1062:

with the auction shown on the left, they point out that the bidding indicates at least 6/3 in spades and 5/3 in diamonds. If partner has 3 aces (easily discovered), a grand slam (13 tricks: 6

691:

conducting a control count: in the top layout East has two aces and two kings for a total of six controls, whilst in the bottom layout has one ace and two kings for a total of four controls.

119:

contracts. Most bidding systems are based upon the premise that a better than average hand is required to open the bidding; 12 HCP is generally considered the minimum for most opening bids.

425:* Bergen ace = 4.5 ÷ 1.5 = 3 Four Aces Count * Bergen king = 3.0 ÷ 1.5 = 2 Four Aces Count * Bergen queen = 1.5 ÷ 1.5 = 1 Four Aces Count * Bergen jack = .75 ÷ 1.5 = ½ Four Aces Count 1101:

an opening bid of 1 of a suit) and the resultant number is deducted from 24; the net figure is the number of tricks a partnership can expect to win when playing in the agreed trump suit.

127:

The combined HCP count between two balanced hands is generally considered to be a good indication, all else being equal, of the number of tricks likely to be made by the partnership. The

899:

Certain combinations of cards are better in defence and others are more valuable in attack (i.e. as declarer). There is some overlap with the concept of negative and positive points.

1648:

This statistically derived method for evaluating Contract Bridge hands was developed by Zar Petkov. It attempts to account for many of the factors outlined above in a numerical way.

149:

Although mostly effective for evaluating the combined trick-taking potential of two balanced hands played in notrump, even in this area of applicability the HCP is not infallible.

991:

Paraphrasing Crowhurst and Kambites (1992), "Experts often sail into an unbeatable slam with only 25 HCP whereas it would never occur to most players to proceed beyond game".

1729:

Such a perfect minimum would give a solid slam in spades whereas reliance on HCP would not indicate a slam possibility. This is the advantage of the 'visualisation' method.

549:

undervalued in the standard 4–3–2–1 HCP scale; aces and kings allow declarer better control over the hands and can prevent the opponents from retaining or gaining the lead.

540:

The basic point-count system does not solve all evaluation problems and in certain circumstances is supplemented by refinements to the HCP count or by additional methods.

1232:

partner jumps to game with no more than 7 losers in hand and a fit with partner's heart suit (3 if playing 5-card majors) ... 7 + 7 = 14 subtract from 24 = 10 tricks.

101:

in the Fifties, and now known simply as the high-card point (HCP) count, this basic evaluation method assigns numeric values to the top four honour cards as follows:

2610: 386:

Bergen's “computer” scale appears to be identical to the “high card value of the Four Aces System” found on the front inside cover and on page 5 of the 1935 book,

338:

The 4-3-2-1 high card point evaluation has been found to statistically undervalue aces and tens and alternatives have been devised to increase a hand's HCP value.

1078:) is likely. This grand slam can easily be bid despite the partnership holding around 29 HCP only (12 in hand above plus 17 in the hand bidding the jump shift (1 3803: 4202: 3798: 3698: 4238: 4102: 4097: 3838: 3813: 3808: 3768: 3753: 3718: 3708: 2603: 4457: 4233: 3843: 3743: 3723: 3703: 855:

The next suit above RHO's suit when overcalling (unless a very good suit) which gives opponents information but does not cut into their bidding space.

4447: 4017: 3828: 3823: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3748: 3728: 3713: 1484:"On every hand of bridge, the total number of tricks available is equal to, or very close to, the total number of cards in each side's longest suit" 3864: 3818: 3773: 3763: 3758: 3733: 422:

version of the progression. Dividing Bergen's numbers by 1.5 produces exactly the same numbers published by the Four Aces seven decades earlier:

4076: 3833: 3778: 3738: 1656:

A key differentiator between the bidding effectiveness of experts versus laymen is the use of hand visualisation during all stages of bidding.

300:

trick-taking potential of the combined hands and must be supplemented by other means for improved accuracy, particularly for unbalanced hands.

4566: 4012: 2533: 2377: 1976: 791:

in doing so, whilst on the bottom layout the control-weak East (a downgraded 12–13 HCP) should be more cautious and be prepared to stop in 4

1868: 448:

At its simplest it is considered that long suits have a value beyond the HCP held: this can be turned into numbers on the following scale:

86:(page 26), the 4-3-2-1 count for honours was not established by computer analysis (as is sometimes rumoured) but was derived from the game 4601: 4397: 2317: 2063: 2026: 362:

Marty Bergen claims that with the help of computers, bridge theorists have devised a more accurate valuation of the honors as follows:

4608: 4437: 4312: 1530:

Quick tricks are similar to, but not the same as, Honor Tricks in the Culbertson system. They are calculated suit by suit as follows:

4639: 2944: 2740: 2585: 2517: 2505: 2479: 2448: 2396: 2361: 2297: 2270: 2244: 2232: 2210: 2165: 2143: 2076: 2039: 2002: 1957: 318: 49: 45: 37:

In contract bridge, various bidding systems have been devised to enable partners to describe their hands so that they may reach the

32: 1104:

The basic method assumes that an ace will never be a loser, nor will a king in a 2+ card suit, nor a queen in a 3+ card suit, thus

496:

When the supporting hand holds four or more trumps, thereby having more spare trumps for ruffing, shortness is valued as follows:

4733: 3869: 3220: 2184: 97:

Point Count when popularized by him in the early Thirties and then the Goren Point Count when re-popularized by Work's disciple

4472: 4192: 4187: 4162: 4157: 4032: 4027: 3962: 3498: 2068: 2031: 4467: 4332: 4322: 4262: 4207: 4177: 4172: 3859: 3672: 3280: 4327: 4587: 4526: 4182: 3285: 1203:

suits longer than three cards are judged according to the three highest cards; no suit may have more than 3 losing tricks.

4357: 4257: 4152: 4452: 4387: 4367: 4272: 4022: 4007: 3972: 3957: 3523: 3181: 475:

potential as represented by short suits becomes more significant than long suits. Accordingly, in a method devised by

1678:

your hand is worth an invitation to game (or slam) if this perfect minimum holding for partner will make it a laydown

1498:

Bid to the contract equal to the number of trumps you and your partner hold (and no higher) in a competitive auction

4553: 4482: 4147: 3987: 3977: 3967: 2750: 2725: 2700: 4543: 4392: 3667: 2974: 2964: 2467: 4728: 4573: 4277: 2755: 476: 4487: 4267: 837:

recommended deducting one HCP for K-Q, K-J, Q-J,Q-x,J-x Q-x-x, J-x-x holdings, this is now considered extreme.

959:

Identical to the Rule of 20 but some expert players believe that 20 is too limiting a barrier and prefer 19.

4307: 4167: 4037: 3992: 3926: 3055: 2715: 479:

of Toronto and popularized by Charles Goren, distribution points are added for shortage rather than length.

44:

Hand evaluation methods assess various features of a hand, including: its high card strength, shape or suit

471:

Once a trump suit has been agreed, or at least a partial fit has been uncovered, it is argued by many that

4615: 4347: 4132: 4107: 4002: 3936: 3538: 3483: 3024: 2436: 817:

advocates the use of the control count to make adjustments to the LTC hand evaluation method (see below).

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is derived from the Law of Total Tricks and argues that this is more often than not a winning strategy, "

4427: 4422: 3982: 3533: 3240: 3115: 3090: 2415: 1945: 3921: 3419: 3120: 79: 510:

Shortage points (also known as support points or dummy points) are added to HCP to give total points.

4622: 4417: 4402: 4372: 4302: 4297: 4127: 3997: 3931: 2959: 2258: 1986: 1267: 807: 799: 314:

the use of additional point values for hand shape or distribution (known as distribution points), and

2292:. Master Bridge Series. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd in association with Peter Crawley. p. 157. 1263: 4683: 4382: 4377: 4197: 3682: 3528: 3503: 3468: 2924: 2795: 2153: 2119: 1463: 1370: 803: 395: 2590: 1458:

Law of Total Tricks, Total Trumps Principle, TNT (Total Number of Trumps = Total Number of Tricks)

4594: 4531: 4477: 4432: 3911: 3895: 3885: 3165: 2984: 2929: 2849: 2800: 2785: 2695: 2675: 2489: 2312: 2194: 1490:

is defined as the sum of the number of tricks available to each side if they could choose trumps.

1412: 1095: 4652: 3095: 2353: 2347: 1262:

Thinking that the method tended to overvalue unsupported queens and undervalue supported jacks,

2265:(9th printing, 1997, revised and expanded ed.). Boca Raton, FL: Natco Press. p. 286. 4699: 4462: 4362: 4342: 4243: 4112: 3513: 3399: 3320: 3300: 3160: 3085: 2989: 2914: 2869: 2745: 2529: 2513: 2501: 2475: 2444: 2392: 2373: 2357: 2322: 2293: 2276: 2266: 2240: 2228: 2206: 2180: 2161: 2139: 2082: 2072: 2045: 2035: 2008: 1998: 1972: 1953: 765: 73: 28: 1667:

advises to focus on just a few hands that partner might be holding, and more particularly on

4666: 4407: 4317: 3598: 3577: 3493: 3463: 3453: 3448: 3265: 3260: 3060: 2979: 2889: 2735: 2730: 2720: 2690: 1424: 769: 343: 38: 2572:

for software hand evaluators based on approaches by Kaplan and Rubens and by Danny Kleinman

840:

Honour singletons; some exempt the singleton ace but others consider it inflexible in play.

764:

The interpretation of the significance of the control count is based upon a publication by

4659: 4287: 4282: 4142: 3623: 3593: 3389: 3379: 3315: 3270: 2919: 2879: 2780: 2770: 2710: 2705: 2626: 2428: 2115: 2111: 406:. The Four Aces' book (Jacoby may have written most or all of it) gives the simpler 3-2-1- 403: 391: 20: 3404: 3155: 2575: 4580: 4228: 3916: 3563: 3548: 3518: 3508: 3473: 3409: 3394: 3310: 3235: 3225: 3140: 3070: 3009: 2864: 2859: 2680: 2655: 2372:(13th impression). London: by Cassell in association with Peter Crawley, pp. 143. 834: 24: 2569: 1454:

There is no evidence that this method is better than the original losing trick count.

325:

Collectively, these more effectively evaluate the combined holdings of a partnership.

4722: 4352: 4122: 4117: 3618: 3608: 3553: 3543: 3488: 3478: 3458: 3424: 3414: 3384: 3369: 3325: 3255: 3245: 2994: 2874: 2844: 2775: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2494: 2308: 2107: 2094: 2058: 2021: 1347: 887:

The next suit below RHO's suit when overcalling reduces the opponents' bidding space.

399: 128: 98: 87: 2580: 881:

Two or three intermediate cards in a suit (8, 9 10) especially if headed by honours.

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tricks in notrump. In this case, the difference in trick-taking potential is due to

4292: 4092: 3628: 3603: 3558: 3305: 3295: 3275: 3150: 3125: 3034: 3029: 3014: 2899: 2790: 2760: 2685: 2391:. Master Bridge Series. London: Victor Gollancz in association with Peter Crawley. 2199: 1379:

Qxx = 3 losers (or possibly 2.5) unless trumps, or unless partner has bid the suit.

472: 354:

Goren and others recommend deducting one HCP for a singleton king, queen, or jack.

916:

Attacking values that suggest a hand should play a contract as declarer or dummy:

1249:

With only 5 losers and a fit, a slam is likely so responder may bid straight to 6

4548: 4223: 3890: 3434: 3355: 3135: 3100: 3080: 3004: 2969: 2894: 2854: 2384: 2343: 2338:. American Contract Bridge League, Bridge Bulletin, August 2004, pp. 27–28. 2220: 2131: 1664: 1391: 1295: 814: 634:

W E

567:

W E

234:

W E

167:

W E

150: 94: 1838:

Bergen, 2002, page 8. Bergen does not cite the source of the computer analysis.

1581:

This method is used when replying to very strong suit opening bids such as the

852:

The club suit when opening because it allows opponents to overcall more easily.

64:

using a combination of high card points and distributional points, as follows.

4337: 4137: 3941: 3613: 3429: 3145: 3039: 3019: 2999: 2939: 2934: 2765: 1643: 2326: 1913:

Francis et al, 2001, page 144: EXPECTED NUMBER OF CONTROLS IN BALANCED HANDS.

1674:

with the high cards selected such that these fit precisely with your own hand

482:

When the supporting hand holds three trumps, shortness is valued as follows:

4412: 3374: 3230: 3075: 2086: 2012: 1302: 1275: 1518:

is deemed more suitable. Responding to such hands is best made considering

2564: 2349:

Bidding to Win at Contract Bridge, Book One: The Modern Losing Trick Count

1253:

if preemptive bidding seems appropriate or take a slower forcing approach.

4442: 3110: 2949: 2904: 1629:

strong 2 of a suit opening bid is made on 8 playing tricks (Landy 1998)

3350: 3250: 3130: 2954: 2884: 2805: 833:

Honour doubletons K-Q, Q-J. Q-x, J-x unless in partners suit. Although

1614:

the suit; for short suits only clear winner combinations are counted:

3290: 2555:

Guidelines for hand evaluation for beginners – Karen's Bridge Library

429: 2549: 2160:. Ryden Grange, Bisley, Surrey, England, United Kingdom: Mr Bridge. 1605:

quick tricks are needed to make a positive response (Klinger 1994).

2560:

Basic hand evaluation for opening one-bids – Karen's Bridge Library

2179:. London, England, United Kingdom: B.T. Batsford Ltd. p. 176. 1817: 846:

Honours in opponents' suit when deciding to support partner's suit.

2595: 2559: 1990: 795:

should further bidding reveal West lacking a control in diamonds.

932:

Methods to help with opening bids and overcalls on marginal hands

884:

The spade suit when opening ... makes overcalling more difficult.

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in the evaluation of their hands, and make adjustments based on:

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The Modern Losing Trick Count: Bidding to Win at Contract Bridge

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advocates adding one HCP if holding four or more aces and tens.

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List of bridge people with Knowledge (XXG) (English) articles

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Environmental factors affecting hand evaluation – BridgeHands

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cards in a suit are counted as six half-losers (3.0 losers).

2352:. Sydney, Australia: Modern Bridge Publications. pp. 1224:

next bid by responder. Thus following an opening bid of 1

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different slam potential depending on the control count.

60:

Most bidding systems use a basic point-count system for

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The Complete Book on Hand Evaluation in Contract Bridge

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A General Method for Valuing Bridge Hand Distributions

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Subtract a loser if there is a known 9-card trump fit.

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Honours in partner's suit when deciding to support it.

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refinements to the HCP valuation for certain holdings,

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Francis et al, 1994, page 111: DISTRIBUTIONAL COUNTS.

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advocates adjusting the number of loser based on the

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bidding techniques to determine the specifics of any

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Basic hand evaluation criteria – Pattaya Bridge Club

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Francis et al, 2001, page 120: Distributional Count.

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Defensive values that suggest a hand should defend:

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Honour combinations not accompanied by a small card.

4692: 4676: 4632: 4519: 4216: 4085: 4069: 3950: 3904: 3878: 3852: 3691: 3660: 3586: 3334: 3213: 3174: 3048: 2837: 2648: 2134:; collab Pat Husband & Andrew Kambites (1994). 862:Positive features worth more than the HCP suggest: 829:Negative features worth less than the HCP suggest: 2493: 2406:Koelman, Johannes (May 2003). "The Bridge World". 2198: 2550:Advanced hand evaluation theory by Thomas Andrews 1235:With 8 losers in hand and a fit, responder bids 3 783:, both East hands should aim for at least game (4 849:Honours in side suits when deciding to overcall. 141:37 HCP are necessary for a grand slam, i.e. 7 NT 138:33 HCP are necessary for a small slam, i.e. 6 NT 1922:Francis et al. 2001, page 401: RULE OF TWENTY. 987:Methods to help when a fit has been discovered 878:Honours in own suit when deciding to overcall. 776:of controls (4) more equivalent to 12–13 HCP. 131:for games and slams in notrump is as follows: 2611: 2263:To Bid or Not to Bid: The LAW of Total Tricks 2227:. New York: Grosset and Dunlap. p. 241. 1783: 1781: 1779: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1111:a singleton other than an A = 1 losing trick. 813:In his book "The Modern Losing Trick Count", 8: 1971:. Toronto: Master Point Press. p. 175. 1891: 1889: 1432:missing Ace = three half-losers (1.5 losers) 869:Two or three honours in long suits (better). 4203:World Transnational Open Teams Championship 1804: 1802: 1755:Francis et al, 2001, page 355: POINT-COUNT. 1438:missing Queen = one half-loser (0.5 losers) 1239:(8+7=15 which deducted from 24 = 9 tricks). 16:Bidding systems devised for contract bridge 4516: 4505: 4239:European Universities Bridge Championships 4103:Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games 4098:Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games 4066: 4055: 3657: 3646: 3210: 3199: 2834: 2823: 2645: 2634: 2618: 2604: 2596: 2290:Understanding Acol. The Good Bidding Guide 2288:Crowhurst, Eric; Kambites, Andrew (1992). 1855: 1853: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1435:missing King = two half-losers (1.0 loser) 920:Honours in own suit (the more the better). 4458:United States Bridge Championships - Open 4234:Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships 2443:. Hawthorne, CA: Max Hardy. p. 194. 1242:With 9 losers and a fit, responder bids 2 906:Honours in shortish side suits, e.g. Kxx. 303:Accordingly, expert players use HCP as a 4018:List of contract bridge governing bodies 2458:Lawrence, Mike; Wirgren, Anders (2004). 1952:. Palm Beach Gardens, FL: Bergen Books. 1114:a doubleton AK = 0, Ax or KQ = 1, Kx = 1 993: 909:Honours and/or length in opponents suit. 693: 135:25 HCP are necessary for game, i.e. 3 NT 2472:Mendelson's Guide to the Bidding Battle 2124:The Four Aces System of Contract Bridge 1997:. Aylesbury, UK: English Bridge Union. 1737: 388:The Four Aces System of Contract Bridge 291:suit and the club suit, respectively). 4077:List of bridge competitions and awards 3678:List of nationality transfers in sport 2528:. London: B.T. Batsford. p. 141. 2424: 2413: 2099:Point Count Bidding in Contract Bridge 872:Honour sequences in long suits (best). 631: 564: 231: 164: 4567:25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know 4448:Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams 4013:International Mind Sports Association 7: 4251:North American bridge Championships: 1683:Rubens gives the following example: 1534:2 quick tricks = AK of the same suit 4602:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 4398:North American Bridge Championships 2177:Bridge: TNT and Competitive Bidding 2101:. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc. 2064:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 2061:; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (2001). 2027:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 2024:; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (1994). 1559:1 quick trick = KQ in the same suit 1474:Bridge: TNT and Competitive Bidding 1270:refined the scale, as have others: 532:play, value high-card points only. 4609:Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand 4313:Keohane North American Swiss Teams 2581:Hand Evaluation articles and ideas 2500:. New York: Crown Publishers Inc. 2175:Payne, Dick; Amsbury, Joe (1981). 1967:Downey, Ned; Pomer, Ellen (2005). 1950:Hand Evaluation: Points Schmoints! 1577:quick trick = Kx (not K singleton) 1553:quick tricks = AQ in the same suit 1395: 14: 4640:List of contract bridge magazines 2945:Optimum contract and par contract 2741:Glossary of contract bridge terms 1509:Methods to help with strong hands 1133:a three card suit AKQ = 0, AKx = 33:Glossary of contract bridge terms 2460:I Fought the Law of Total Tricks 2318:The Bridge Players' Encyclopedia 2205:. New York: Three Rivers Press. 1895:Downey and Pomer, 2005, page 35. 1829:Downey and Pomer, 2005, page 27. 1719: 1694: 1216: 1083: 1071: 1053: 1020: 1012: 779:If West opens the bidding with 1 4438:Smith Life Master Women's Pairs 4193:World Senior Teams Championship 4188:World Senior Pairs Championship 4163:World Junior Teams Championship 4158:World Junior Pairs Championship 4033:United States Bridge Federation 4028:South African Bridge Federation 3963:American Contract Bridge League 3499:Non-simultaneous double squeeze 2126:. New York: The Four Aces, Inc. 2069:American Contract Bridge League 2032:American Contract Bridge League 983:suitable for a preemptive bid. 978:9 = a three level bid .... etc. 523:positive distributional count. 458:7 card suit = 3 points ... etc. 4468:Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs 4333:Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs 4323:Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs 4263:Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs 4208:World Women Pairs Championship 4178:World Mixed Teams Championship 4173:World Mixed Pairs Championship 3673:List of contract bridge people 3281:Principle of restricted choice 2591:Hand Evaluation – Marty Bergen 2315:; Barrow, Rhoda, eds. (1967). 1715: 1711: 1705: 1690: 1686: 1250: 1243: 1236: 1225: 1212: 1208: 1079: 1067: 1063: 1047: 1043: 1026: 1006: 890:Honours in suits shown by RHO. 858:Honours in suits shown by LHO. 792: 788: 784: 780: 768:in the December 1974 issue of 1: 4588:Contract Bridge for Beginners 4527:List of contract bridge books 4183:World Open Pairs Championship 3865:List of bridge administrators 2474:. Cambridge, UK: Colt Books. 2389:How Good is Your Bridge Hand? 2225:The Secrets of Winning Bridge 2067:(6th ed.). Memphis, TN: 2030:(5th ed.). Memphis, TN: 1723: 1698: 1661:The Secrets of Winning Bridge 1586: 1407:New Losing Trick Count (NLTC) 1388:The Modern Losing Trick Count 1220: 1207:A typical opening hand, e.g. 1075: 1057: 153:gives the following example: 4473:Wagar Women's Knockout Teams 4358:Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams 4258:ACBL King or Queen of Bridge 4153:World IMP Pairs Championship 1869:Canadian Bridge Federation, 1346:AJ10 = 1 loser according to 1031: 1017: 1003: 912:Lack of honours in own suit. 753: 745: 737: 729: 721: 713: 705: 4453:Truscott Senior Swiss Teams 4388:Non-Life Master Swiss Teams 4368:Nail Life Master Open Pairs 4328:Machlin Women's Swiss Teams 4273:Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match 4023:Norwegian Bridge Federation 4008:Hungarian Bridge Federation 3973:Brazilian Bridge Federation 3958:American Bridge Association 3524:Simultaneous double squeeze 3182:List of bidding conventions 2387:; Kambites, Andrew (2000). 2138:. London: Victor Gollancz. 1859:English Bridge Union, 1998. 1321:losers according to others. 78:First published in 1915 by 4750: 4554:Terence Reese bibliography 4510:Publications and resources 4148:World Bridge Championships 3988:Canadian Bridge Federation 3978:Bridge Federation of India 3968:Austrian Bridge Federation 2751:History of contract bridge 2726:Duplicate bridge movements 1969:Standard Bidding with SAYC 1820:retrieved August 11, 2011. 1641: 1494:The Total Trumps Principle 1461: 1093: 895:Defensive/attacking values 821:Negative/positive features 71: 18: 4544:Edwin Kantar bibliography 4515: 4504: 4393:Norman Kay Platinum Pairs 4065: 4054: 3668:ACBL Youngest Life Master 3656: 3645: 3209: 3198: 2975:Quantitative notrump bids 2965:Principle of fast arrival 2833: 2822: 2644: 2633: 2526:Hand Evaluation in Bridge 1168:a three card suit Axx = 1 1108:a void = 0 losing tricks. 996: 923:Lack of defensive values. 696: 4574:Bridge Squeezes Complete 4549:Hugh Kelsey bibliography 4278:Fall National Open Pairs 3651:People and organizations 2756:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 1818:Richard Pavlicek website 1796:Rubens, 1971, pages 7–8. 1200:, xxx = 3 losing tricks. 1090:Losing-Trick Count (LTC) 810:convention and cuebids. 808:Roman Key Card Blackwood 56:Basic point-count system 4734:Contract bridge bidding 4483:Whitehead Women's Pairs 4308:Jacoby Open Swiss Teams 4168:World Mind Sports Games 4038:World Bridge Federation 3993:Dutch Bridge Federation 3927:Galatasaray Bridge Team 3221:List of play techniques 3056:List of bidding systems 2716:Contract bridge diagram 2321:. London: Paul Hamlyn. 1480:The Law of Total Tricks 1130:, xx = 2 losing tricks. 963:Suit Quality Test (SQT) 4616:Right Through the Pack 4348:Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs 4133:Triple crown of bridge 4108:Cavendish Invitational 4003:European Bridge League 3937:Portland Club (London) 3870:List of bridge writers 3539:Stepping-stone squeeze 3484:Entry-shifting squeeze 3121:Kaplan–Sheinwold 3025:Useful space principle 2570:Jeff Goldsmith website 2524:Senior, Brian (1998). 2423:Cite journal requires 2334:Jabbour, Zeke (2004). 2158:Better Hand Evaluation 1618:A = 1, AK = 2, AKQ = 3 1420:New Losing Trick Count 1413:New Losing Trick Count 866:Honours in long suits. 455:6 card suit = 2 points 321:cards held by partner. 4428:Senior Knockout Teams 4423:Roth Open Swiss Teams 3983:British Bridge League 3116:Highly unusual method 3091:Bridge World Standard 1873:, April 2012, page 18 1847:Jacoby, 1935, page 5. 1808:Goren, 1954, page 11. 1669:perfect minimum hands 1633:More advanced methods 1041:For example, holding 536:Supplementary methods 467:Suit shortness points 452:5-card suit = 1 point 435:Distributional points 350:For unguarded honours 4623:Tickets to the Devil 4418:Rockwell Mixed Pairs 4403:North American Pairs 4373:National 199er Pairs 4303:Hilliard Mixed Pairs 4298:Grand National Teams 4128:Senior Bowl (bridge) 3998:English Bridge Union 3932:Melville Bridge Club 2960:Prepared opening bid 2120:Gottlieb, Michael T. 1987:English Bridge Union 1369:losers according to 1046: K109864 800:Blackwood convention 503:singleton = 3 points 489:singleton = 2 points 390:by (alphabetically) 4684:Grand Slam (BBC TV) 4488:Young LM–1500 Pairs 4383:National 99er Pairs 4378:National 49er Pairs 4268:Bruce LM–5000 Pairs 4198:World Team Olympiad 3683:Bridge Headquarters 3529:Single-suit squeeze 3504:Progressive squeeze 3469:Criss-cross squeeze 2925:Law of total tricks 2796:Traveling scoreslip 2496:Commonsense Bidding 2057:Francis, Henry G.; 2020:Francis, Henry G.; 1995:Really Easy Bidding 1931:Payne, 1981, page 7 1676:. He advises that " 1464:Law of Total Tricks 1294:loser according to 975:8 = a two level bid 972:7 = a one level bid 804:Norman four notrump 506:doubleton = 1 point 492:doubleton = 1 point 396:Michael T. Gottlieb 4595:Design for Bidding 4532:Master Point Press 4478:Wernher Open Pairs 4433:Silodor Open Pairs 4217:National and Zonal 3912:Bridge Base Online 3692:Players by country 3571:Suit combinations: 3420:Morton's fork coup 3166:Strong club system 2985:Sacrifice (bridge) 2930:Losing-Trick Count 2850:Balancing (bridge) 2786:Singaporean bridge 2696:Cheating in bridge 2676:Bridge Murder case 2307:Frey, Richard L.; 2201:The ABCs of Bridge 1993:Committee (1998). 1504:majority of hands" 1340:loser ... not one. 1184:, Kxx = 2, Qxx = 2 1149:, AQx = 1, KQx = 1 1096:Losing-Trick Count 444:Suit length points 4716: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4700:Bridge Base Basic 4500: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4463:Vanderbilt Trophy 4363:Mott-Smith Trophy 4343:Master Individual 4244:Gold Cup (bridge) 4113:Computer Olympiad 4050: 4049: 4046: 4045: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3514:Saturated squeeze 3400:Deschapelles coup 3194: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3161:Standard American 3086:Bridge Base Basic 2990:Shooting (bridge) 2915:Honor point count 2870:Bridge convention 2818: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2746:High card by suit 2535:978-0-7134-8294-2 2378:978-0-304-35770-3 2336:Lawless Territory 2309:Truscott, Alan F. 2059:Truscott, Alan F. 2022:Truscott, Alan F. 1989:; Landy, Sandra; 1978:978-1-897106-03-7 1556:1 quick trick = A 1039: 1038: 766:George Rosenkranz 762: 761: 688: 687: 621: 620: 514:Combination Count 358:Alternative scale 334:For aces and tens 288: 287: 221: 220: 80:Bryant McCampbell 74:Honor point count 29:Bridge convention 4741: 4667:The Bridge World 4649: 4648: 4563: 4562: 4541: 4540: 4517: 4506: 4408:Red Ribbon Pairs 4318:Lebhar IMP Pairs 4253: 4252: 4067: 4056: 3951:Governing bodies 3658: 3647: 3599:Journalist leads 3578:Suit combination 3573: 3572: 3494:Knockout squeeze 3464:Compound squeeze 3454:Cannibal squeeze 3449:Backwash squeeze 3444: 3443: 3365: 3364: 3346: 3345: 3261:Grosvenor gambit 3211: 3200: 3061:2/1 game forcing 2980:Reverse (bridge) 2890:Five-card majors 2835: 2824: 2731:Five-suit bridge 2721:Duplicate bridge 2646: 2635: 2620: 2613: 2606: 2597: 2539: 2511: 2499: 2485: 2463: 2454: 2432: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2411: 2402: 2367: 2339: 2330: 2303: 2284: 2238: 2216: 2204: 2190: 2171: 2149: 2127: 2116:Schenken, Howard 2112:Burnstine, David 2103:Also: 1950, 1954 2102: 2090: 2053: 2016: 1982: 1963: 1932: 1929: 1923: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1884: 1881: 1875: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1848: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1774: 1771: 1756: 1753: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1588: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1552: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1425:The Bridge World 1376:QJ10 = 2 losers. 1368: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1339: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1252: 1245: 1238: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1199: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1164: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1056: KQ8 1055: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1028: 1022: 1014: 1008: 994: 806:convention, the 794: 790: 786: 782: 770:The Bridge World 694: 623: 556: 477:William Anderson 421: 419: 418: 415: 412: 375:jack = 0.75 HCP 344:Richard Pavlicek 223: 156: 68:High card points 39:optimum contract 4749: 4748: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4729:Contract bridge 4719: 4718: 4717: 4704: 4688: 4672: 4660:Bridge Magazine 4653:Bridge d'Italia 4646: 4645: 4628: 4560: 4559: 4539:Bibliographies: 4538: 4537: 4511: 4492: 4288:Fishbein Trophy 4283:Fast Open Pairs 4250: 4249: 4212: 4143:WBF Youth Award 4081: 4061: 4042: 3946: 3900: 3874: 3848: 3687: 3652: 3633: 3594:Forcing defense 3582: 3570: 3569: 3441: 3440: 3390:Coup en passant 3380:Belladonna coup 3362: 3361: 3343: 3342: 3330: 3316:Trump promotion 3271:Percentage play 3205: 3186: 3170: 3096:Canapé (bridge) 3044: 2920:Inverted minors 2910:Hand evaluation 2880:Convention card 2829: 2810: 2771:Neuberg formula 2711:Contract bridge 2706:Computer bridge 2640: 2629: 2627:Contract bridge 2624: 2546: 2536: 2523: 2508: 2488: 2482: 2468:Mendelson, Paul 2466: 2457: 2451: 2435: 2422: 2412: 2405: 2399: 2383: 2364: 2342: 2333: 2306: 2300: 2287: 2273: 2257: 2254: 2252:Further reading 2249: 2235: 2219: 2213: 2193: 2187: 2174: 2168: 2152: 2146: 2130: 2106: 2093: 2079: 2056: 2042: 2019: 2005: 1985: 1979: 1966: 1960: 1944: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1777: 1772: 1759: 1754: 1739: 1735: 1704:Partner opens 1 1654: 1646: 1640: 1635: 1621:KQ = 1, KQJ = 2 1611: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1528: 1511: 1466: 1460: 1409: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1268:Andrew Kambites 1260: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1134: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1098: 1092: 1052: 1042: 989: 965: 957: 948: 939: 934: 897: 823: 701: 546: 538: 529: 516: 500:void = 5 points 486:void = 3 points 469: 446: 437: 426: 416: 413: 410: 409: 407: 404:Howard Schenken 392:David Burnstine 372:queen = 1.5 HCP 366:ace = 4.5 HCP 331: 125: 84:Auction Tactics 76: 70: 62:hand evaluation 58: 35: 21:Contract bridge 19:Main articles: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4747: 4745: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4721: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4696: 4694: 4693:External links 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4642: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4619: 4612: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4581:The Cardturner 4577: 4570: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4534: 4529: 4523: 4521: 4513: 4512: 4509: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 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3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3071:Bidding system 3068: 3063: 3058: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3010:Takeout double 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2865:Board (bridge) 2862: 2860:Bidding system 2857: 2852: 2847: 2841: 2839: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2681:Bridge scoring 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2656:Auction bridge 2652: 2650: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2622: 2615: 2608: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2545: 2544:External links 2542: 2541: 2540: 2534: 2521: 2506: 2486: 2480: 2464: 2455: 2449: 2437:Lawrence, Mike 2433: 2425:|journal= 2403: 2397: 2381: 2362: 2340: 2331: 2304: 2298: 2285: 2271: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2247: 2233: 2217: 2211: 2191: 2185: 2172: 2166: 2154:Magee, Bernard 2150: 2144: 2128: 2108:Jacoby, Oswald 2104: 2095:Goren, Charles 2091: 2077: 2054: 2040: 2017: 2003: 1983: 1977: 1964: 1958: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1933: 1924: 1915: 1906: 1897: 1885: 1876: 1861: 1849: 1840: 1831: 1822: 1810: 1798: 1789: 1775: 1757: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1653: 1650: 1642:Main article: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1610: 1609:Playing Tricks 1607: 1579: 1578: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1535: 1527: 1524: 1516:playing tricks 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1491: 1477: 1469:partnerships. 1462:Main article: 1459: 1456: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1408: 1405: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1351: 1344: 1343:KQJ = 1 loser. 1341: 1322: 1299: 1264:Eric Crowhurst 1259: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1247: 1240: 1233: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1166: 1131: 1112: 1109: 1094:Main article: 1091: 1088: 1037: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1023: 1016: 1015: 1009: 1002: 1001: 998: 988: 985: 980: 979: 976: 973: 964: 961: 956: 953: 947: 944: 938: 935: 933: 930: 925: 924: 921: 914: 913: 910: 907: 896: 893: 892: 891: 888: 885: 882: 879: 876: 873: 870: 867: 860: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835:Samuel Stayman 822: 819: 760: 759: 756: 752: 751: 748: 744: 743: 740: 736: 735: 732: 728: 727: 724: 720: 719: 716: 712: 711: 708: 704: 703: 698: 686: 685: 682: 679: 676: 672: 671: 668: 665: 662: 658: 657: 654: 651: 648: 644: 643: 640: 637: 630: 627: 619: 618: 615: 612: 609: 605: 604: 601: 598: 595: 591: 590: 587: 584: 581: 577: 576: 573: 570: 563: 560: 545: 542: 537: 534: 528: 525: 515: 512: 508: 507: 504: 501: 494: 493: 490: 487: 468: 465: 460: 459: 456: 453: 445: 442: 436: 433: 424: 380: 379: 376: 373: 370: 367: 360: 359: 352: 351: 336: 335: 330: 327: 323: 322: 315: 312: 305:starting point 286: 285: 282: 279: 276: 272: 271: 268: 265: 262: 258: 257: 254: 251: 248: 244: 243: 240: 237: 230: 227: 219: 218: 215: 212: 209: 205: 204: 201: 198: 195: 191: 190: 187: 184: 181: 177: 176: 173: 170: 163: 160: 143: 142: 139: 136: 124: 121: 116: 115: 112: 109: 106: 72:Main article: 69: 66: 57: 54: 25:Bidding system 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4746: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4507: 4503: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4353:Mini-Spingold 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4123:Rosenblum Cup 4121: 4119: 4118:McConnell Cup 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060:Championships 4057: 4053: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3844:United States 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3644: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3619:Rusinow leads 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3609:Rule of 10-12 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587:Defender play 3585: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3554:Trump squeeze 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3544:Strip squeeze 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3489:Guard squeeze 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3479:Entry squeeze 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3459:Clash squeeze 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3425:Scissors coup 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3415:Merrimac coup 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3370:Alcatraz coup 3368: 3366: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335:Declarer play 3333: 3327: 3326:Vacant Places 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3286:Probabilities 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3197: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2995:Single suiter 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2875:Brown sticker 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2845:Balanced hand 2843: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2825: 2821: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2776:Rubber bridge 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2671:Bridge maxims 2669: 2667: 2666:Bridge-O-Rama 2664: 2662: 2661:Bridge ethics 2659: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2609: 2607: 2602: 2601: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2519: 2518:0-517-56129-8 2515: 2509: 2507:0-517-56130-1 2503: 2498: 2497: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2481:0-905899-86-5 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2450:0-939460-27-0 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2417: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2398:0-575-071-486 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2363:0-9592305-2-1 2359: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2299:0-575-05253-8 2295: 2291: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2272:0-9634715-0-3 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2245:0-448-01746-6 2242: 2236: 2234:0-448-02094-7 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2212:0-609-80162-7 2208: 2203: 2202: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2167:1-85665-012-X 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2145:0-575-05690-8 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2078:0-943855-44-6 2074: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2041:0-943855-48-9 2037: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2004:0-9506279-2-5 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1959:0-9716636-5-3 1955: 1951: 1947: 1946:Bergen, Marty 1943: 1942: 1937: 1936: 1928: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1910: 1907: 1901: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1871:Bridge Canada 1865: 1862: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1835: 1832: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1787:Klinger, 1994 1784: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1709: 1702: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1652:Visualisation 1651: 1649: 1645: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1608: 1606: 1584: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1508: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1415: 1414: 1411:Main article 1406: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1396:control count 1393: 1389: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1371:Bernard Magee 1352: 1349: 1348:Harrison-Gray 1345: 1342: 1323: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1257: 1248: 1241: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1202: 1167: 1165:losing trick. 1132: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1089: 1087: 1035: 1032: 1024: 1018: 1010: 1004: 999: 995: 992: 986: 984: 977: 974: 971: 970: 969: 962: 960: 954: 952: 945: 943: 936: 931: 929: 922: 919: 918: 917: 911: 908: 905: 904: 903: 900: 894: 889: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 864: 863: 857: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 839: 836: 832: 831: 830: 827: 820: 818: 816: 811: 809: 805: 801: 796: 777: 773: 771: 767: 757: 754: 749: 746: 741: 738: 733: 730: 725: 722: 717: 714: 709: 706: 699: 695: 692: 683: 680: 677: 674: 673: 669: 666: 663: 660: 659: 655: 652: 649: 646: 645: 641: 638: 636: 635: 628: 625: 624: 616: 613: 610: 607: 606: 602: 599: 596: 593: 592: 588: 585: 582: 579: 578: 574: 571: 569: 568: 561: 558: 557: 554: 550: 544:Control count 543: 541: 535: 533: 526: 524: 520: 513: 511: 505: 502: 499: 498: 497: 491: 488: 485: 484: 483: 480: 478: 474: 466: 464: 457: 454: 451: 450: 449: 443: 441: 434: 432: 431: 423: 405: 401: 400:Oswald Jacoby 397: 393: 389: 384: 377: 374: 371: 369:king = 3 HCP 368: 365: 364: 363: 357: 356: 355: 349: 348: 347: 345: 339: 333: 332: 328: 326: 320: 316: 313: 310: 309: 308: 306: 301: 298: 292: 283: 280: 277: 274: 273: 269: 266: 263: 260: 259: 255: 252: 249: 246: 245: 241: 238: 236: 235: 228: 225: 224: 216: 213: 210: 207: 206: 202: 199: 196: 193: 192: 188: 185: 182: 179: 178: 174: 171: 169: 168: 161: 158: 157: 154: 152: 147: 140: 137: 134: 133: 132: 130: 129:rule of thumb 122: 120: 114:jack = 1 HCP 113: 111:queen = 2 HCP 110: 108:king = 3 HCP 107: 105:ace = 4 HCP 104: 103: 102: 100: 99:Charles Goren 96: 91: 89: 88:Auction Pitch 85: 81: 75: 67: 65: 63: 55: 53: 51: 47: 42: 40: 34: 30: 26: 22: 4677:TV and Radio 4665: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4586: 4579: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4536: 4293:Goren Trophy 4248: 4093:Bermuda Bowl 3629:Smith signal 3604:Opening lead 3568: 3559:Vice squeeze 3534:Squeeze play 3439: 3405:Devil's coup 3360: 3341: 3306:Smother play 3276:Pin (bridge) 3241:Card reading 3156:Säffle Spade 3151:Romex system 3126:Little Major 3035:Weak two bid 3030:Void (cards) 3015:Three suiter 2909: 2900:Forcing pass 2761:Masterpoints 2686:Bridge whist 2525: 2495: 2471: 2459: 2440: 2416:cite journal 2407: 2388: 2385:Klinger, Ron 2369: 2348: 2344:Klinger, Ron 2335: 2316: 2289: 2262: 2259:Cohen, Larry 2224: 2221:Rubens, Jeff 2200: 2186:0-7134-25431 2176: 2157: 2136:Basic Bridge 2135: 2132:Klinger, Ron 2123: 2098: 2062: 2025: 1994: 1968: 1949: 1927: 1918: 1909: 1900: 1879: 1870: 1864: 1843: 1834: 1825: 1813: 1792: 1728: 1710: 1703: 1685: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1660: 1659:In his book 1658: 1655: 1647: 1624: 1612: 1580: 1529: 1526:Quick Tricks 1520:quick tricks 1519: 1515: 1512: 1497: 1493: 1488:Total tricks 1487: 1483: 1482:states that 1479: 1473: 1467: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1410: 1401: 1387: 1386:In his book 1385: 1261: 1206: 1103: 1099: 1040: 990: 981: 966: 958: 949: 940: 926: 915: 901: 898: 861: 828: 824: 812: 797: 778: 774: 763: 689: 633: 632: 566: 565: 551: 547: 539: 530: 521: 517: 509: 495: 481: 470: 461: 447: 438: 427: 387: 385: 381: 378:ten = 0.25 361: 353: 340: 337: 324: 304: 302: 296: 293: 289: 233: 232: 166: 165: 148: 144: 126: 117: 92: 83: 77: 61: 59: 46:distribution 43: 36: 4224:Buffett Cup 3922:Crockford's 3891:Dallas Aces 3853:Other lists 3834:Switzerland 3804:New Zealand 3739:Netherlands 3435:Vienna coup 3356:Safety play 3175:Conventions 3136:Polish Club 3101:Carrot Club 3081:Boring Club 3005:Strong pass 2970:Psychic bid 2895:Forcing bid 2855:Bidding box 1665:Jeff Rubens 1392:Ron Klinger 1296:Ron Klinger 1258:LTC refined 815:Ron Klinger 329:Refinements 297:duplication 151:Jeff Rubens 123:Limitations 95:Milton Work 93:Called the 4723:Categories 4647:Magazines: 4338:Marcus Cup 4138:Venice Cup 3942:Savoy Club 3614:Rule of 11 3430:Trump coup 3146:Roman Club 3040:Zar Points 3020:Two suiter 3000:Stolen bid 2940:Minor suit 2935:Major suit 2766:Minibridge 2490:Root, Bill 2313:Cohen, Ben 2195:Root, Bill 1773:Root, 1998 1733:References 1644:Zar Points 1638:Zar Points 1050: A43 955:Rule of 19 946:Rule of 20 937:Rule of 22 642:A Q 9 8 5 629:K J 6 3 2 575:A Q 9 8 5 562:K J 6 3 2 4633:Magazines 4413:Reisinger 3896:Four Aces 3886:Blue Team 3699:Australia 3442:Squeezes: 3375:Bath coup 3231:Beer card 3204:Card play 3076:Blue Club 2691:Bridgette 2368:— (2009) 2327:560654187 2223:(1971) . 1938:Citations 1303:doubleton 1276:doubleton 702:Controls 4443:Spingold 3814:Pakistan 3719:Bulgaria 3321:Uppercut 3301:Shooting 3111:Fantunes 2950:Overcall 2905:Game try 2639:Overview 2492:(1986). 2470:(1998). 2439:(1983). 2410:(8): 26. 2346:(1986). 2281:92080759 2261:(1992). 2197:(1998). 2156:(2006). 2122:(1935). 2097:(1949). 2087:49606900 2050:96188639 2013:40299643 1948:(2002). 1353:KJ10 = 1 1060: 4 700:Expected 664:7 5 4 3 597:7 5 4 3 284:8 7 6 5 278:A 4 3 2 256:K J 9 4 250:A Q 3 2 217:8 7 6 5 197:K Q 3 2 189:K J 9 4 162:A Q J 2 50:controls 4070:General 3779:Ireland 3769:Hungary 3764:Germany 3754:Fiction 3749:England 3734:Denmark 3714:Britain 3704:Austria 3661:General 3351:Finesse 3266:Hold up 3251:Endplay 3214:General 3131:Moscito 3049:Systems 2955:Preempt 2885:Cue bid 2838:General 2828:Bidding 2806:Vugraph 2736:Goulash 2701:Chicago 2649:General 1603:⁠ 1591:⁠ 1589:where 1 1575:⁠ 1563:⁠ 1551:⁠ 1539:⁠ 1367:⁠ 1355:⁠ 1338:⁠ 1326:⁠ 1319:⁠ 1307:⁠ 1292:⁠ 1280:⁠ 1198:⁠ 1186:⁠ 1182:⁠ 1170:⁠ 1163:⁠ 1151:⁠ 1147:⁠ 1135:⁠ 1128:⁠ 1116:⁠ 681:♣ 675:♣ 667:♦ 661:♦ 653:♥ 647:♥ 639:♠ 626:♠ 614:♣ 608:♣ 600:♦ 594:♦ 586:♥ 580:♥ 572:♠ 559:♠ 527:Summary 473:ruffing 420:⁠ 408:⁠ 319:control 281:♣ 275:♣ 267:♦ 261:♦ 253:♥ 247:♥ 242:K 10 3 239:♠ 226:♠ 214:♣ 208:♣ 200:♦ 194:♦ 186:♥ 180:♥ 175:K 10 3 172:♠ 159:♠ 4561:Books: 3839:Taiwan 3829:Sweden 3824:Russia 3819:Poland 3809:Norway 3799:Monaco 3794:Mexico 3784:Israel 3759:France 3724:Canada 3709:Brazil 3624:Signal 3363:Coups: 3344:Basic: 3291:Revoke 2781:Screen 2532: 2516: 2504: 2478: 2447: 2395: 2376: 2360: 2325: 2296: 2279: 2269: 2243: 2231: 2209: 2183: 2164: 2142: 2085: 2075: 2048: 2038: 2011: 2001: 1975: 1956: 1714:AK543 1697:KQJ54 1324:AQJ = 1211:AKxxx 1000:South 802:, the 684:K 4 3 656:K Q 3 617:K 4 3 589:K 5 3 430:Q.E.D. 229:A Q J 211:A 4 3 31:, and 4520:Books 4086:World 3905:Clubs 3879:Teams 3789:Italy 3774:India 3744:Egypt 3729:China 3311:Tempo 3256:Entry 3236:Caddy 2801:Trump 1991:EBUTA 1215:Axxx 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