251:
133:
265:
596:
53:
213:
that between 1894 and 1914 the
Araseri and Toyeri populations were reduced by 95 percent. Some of the surviving Araseri and Toyeri fled towards the headwaters of the Madre de Dios: this led to a shortage of resources in the headwaters and a great conflict between the Arakmbut and the new migrants. When the Harakmbut were first contacted by members of the
212:
encountered on the Manu River. Around two thousand Toyeri natives were massacred by
Fitzcarrald's enterprise around 1895 at a location known as El Mirador Grande. Andrew Gray stated that "the use of machine guns caused death on a scale never witnessed in the Peruvian Amazon before." Gray estimated
388:
217:
in 1940, they numbered 30,000. The development of a road from Cusco into the Madre de Dios coincided with a smallpox epidemic in 1948 which decimated the
Huachipaeri population. Andrew Gray stated that the Sapiteri demographic became
140:
Amarakaeri are also called
Amaracaire or Amarakaire people. Subgroups of their tribe include the Kochimberi, Küpondirideri, Wíntaperi, Wakitaneri, and Kareneri peoples. As of 1987, 500 Amarakaeri people lived near the
153:
stated that the
Amarakaeri population was under one thousand in 1996. Gray believed that the Amarakaeri's distance from the main stream of the Madre de Dios River may have accounted for their survival.
584:
204:
from disease, murder, slavery, and other factors. Slave raids into the Madre de Dios and
Harakmbut territory from Peruvians began with the development of the
577:
313:
949:
256:
570:
162:
Huachipaeri are also known as
Huachipaire or Wachipaeri people. As of 2000, there were 310 Huachipaeri living near the upper Madre de Dios and
345:
Gray also names another
Harakmbut tribe, the Kisambaeri / Amaiwaieri, only a few of them survived later epidemics that occurred in the 1950s.
954:
562:
834:
302:
930:
829:
796:
150:
872:
839:
278:
612:
105:
146:
205:
728:
20:
231:
189:
113:
222:
due to smallpox and influenza outbreaks that occurred post contact with the
Dominican missionaries.
787:
219:
142:
867:
809:
209:
163:
109:
70:
857:
824:
804:
298:
121:
819:
814:
723:
200:
The Toyeri were originally the largest
Harakmbut group however most of them died during the
74:
166:. Subgroups of the Huachipaeri including the following, with population figures from 2000:
900:
884:
862:
849:
698:
678:
214:
905:
877:
773:
758:
743:
703:
647:
403:
370:
336:
Gray refers to this conflict as the 'Great War' or 'World War' of the Harakmbut people.
235:
943:
915:
627:
637:
132:
688:
550:
292:
733:
693:
270:
201:
652:
246:
600:
748:
738:
713:
683:
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910:
763:
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in 1894. The Toyeri were the first indigenous group that rubber baron
753:
718:
673:
668:
632:
117:
768:
131:
604:
58:
566:
389:"Peru: Indigenous Harakmbut Suffer Effects Of Climate Change."
149:. Some pan for gold as a means of subsistence. Anthropologist
312:
García Hierro, Pedro; Hvalkof, Søren; Gray, Andrew (1998).
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494:
492:
318:. The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.
315:
Liberation through land rights in the Peruvian Amazon
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893:
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661:
620:
611:
419:
417:
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80:
64:
44:
34:
294:The Arakmbut--mythology, Spirituality, and History
112:. An estimated 2,000 Harakmbut people live in the
234:(b. 1990), American actress of Huachipaeri and
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8:
29:
792:
617:
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571:
563:
28:
384:
382:
257:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
392:Indigenous Peoples Issues and Resources.
188:All the subgroups speak dialects of the
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329:
556:. 18 Dec 2005. Retrieved 15 Feb 2011.
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364:
362:
7:
537:
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510:
498:
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45:Regions with significant populations
177:Puikiri (Puncuri), population 36–50
551:"The Newcover: Q'orianka Kilcher."
14:
950:Indigenous peoples of the Amazon
594:
263:
249:
51:
931:Category:Ethnic groups in Peru
1:
484:Liberation through land 1998
238:descent on her father's side
279:Amarakaeri Communal Reserve
86:traditional tribal religion
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955:Indigenous peoples in Peru
18:
928:
174:Manuquiari, population 50
106:indigenous people in Peru
85:
69:
49:
39:
16:Indigenous people in Peru
226:Notable Harakmbut people
394:(retrieved 20 Feb 2011)
180:Sapiteri, population 12
171:Arasairi, population 20
120:border in the Peruvian
601:Ancestry and ethnicity
409:Retrieved 15 Feb 2012.
376:Retrieved 15 Feb 2012.
206:Isthmus of Fitzcarrald
137:
19:For the language, see
291:Gray, Andrew (1996).
183:Toyeri, population 10
136:location of Harakmbut
135:
190:Huachipaeri language
114:Madre de Dios Region
31:
513:, p. 225-226.
474:, p. 223-225.
297:. Berghahn Books.
210:Carlos Fitzcarrald
138:
110:Harakmbut language
108:. They speak the
71:Harakmbut language
40:2000 (2007 census)
21:Harákmbut language
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781:
739:Matsés (Mayoruna)
232:Q'orianka Kilcher
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35:Total population
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699:Canelos-Quichua
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554:New York Movies
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215:Dominican Order
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147:Colorado Rivers
130:
52:
50:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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788:Non-indigenous
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783:
780:
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777:
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771:
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761:
759:Shipibo-Conibo
756:
751:
746:
744:Quijos-Quichua
741:
736:
731:
729:Kichwa-Lamista
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721:
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589:
582:
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559:
558:
542:
527:
525:, p. 226.
515:
503:
501:, p. 225.
488:
486:, p. 137.
476:
464:
462:, p. 204.
452:
450:, p. 224.
440:
428:
411:
396:
378:
371:"Huachipaeri."
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25:
15:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
967:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
932:
927:
917:
916:Romani people
914:
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904:
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404:"Amarakaeri."
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304:9781571818768
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143:Madre de Dios
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549:Yuan, Jada.
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540:, p. 8.
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438:, p. 9.
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426:, p. 7.
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285:Bibliography
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164:Keros Rivers
161:
139:
101:
97:
93:
91:
26:Ethnic group
878:B'nai Moshe
734:Machiguenga
407:Ethnologue.
374:Ethnologue.
271:Peru portal
202:rubber boom
158:Huachipaeri
151:Andrew Gray
944:Categories
835:Portuguese
613:Indigenous
353:References
220:endangered
128:Amarakaeri
714:Huambisas
709:Harakmbut
689:Asháninka
662:Amazonian
538:Gray 1996
523:Gray 1996
511:Gray 1996
499:Gray 1996
472:Gray 1996
460:Gray 1996
448:Gray 1996
436:Gray 1996
424:Gray 1996
118:Brazilian
116:near the
102:Harakmbet
94:Harakmbut
65:Languages
30:Harakmbut
868:Japanese
810:Croatian
797:European
684:Amahuaca
679:Aguaruna
648:Quechuas
243:See also
98:Arakmbut
81:Religion
911:Mestizo
901:African
858:Chinese
840:Spanish
825:Italian
805:British
774:Yanesha
764:Urarina
719:Jibitos
704:Cashibo
633:Huancas
236:Quechua
196:History
75:Spanish
894:Others
885:Korean
863:Indian
830:Polish
820:German
815:French
754:Secoya
749:Sápara
724:Jíbaro
674:Aguano
669:Achuar
628:Aymara
621:Andean
301:
122:Amazon
104:) are
56:
850:Asian
769:Yagua
643:Q'ero
638:Maina
324:Notes
906:Arab
873:Jews
694:Bora
653:Uros
605:Peru
299:ISBN
145:and
92:The
73:and
59:Peru
603:in
946::
530:^
491:^
414:^
381:^
361:^
192:.
124:.
100:,
586:e
579:t
572:v
307:.
96:(
23:.
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