420:
their safety, the sailors called loudly upon the Lord... most humbly vowed to God and the
Blessed Virgin Mary that, if God would save him and his people and goods, and bring them safe to land, he would forthwith found a monastery of white monks of the Cistercian order in honour of Mary the Mother of God...for the maintenance of one hundred monks for ever. And behold, the power of God to save His people was forthwith made manifest; for scarce had the most Christian prince finished speaking when the tempest was utterly dispersed and succeeded by a calm, so that all marvelled at so sudden a change. Thus the ship...was miraculously borne to land by the Virgin Mary, in whose honour the prince had made his vow, without any human aid whatsoever...until they had all carried their goods safe out of the ship, the prince remained behind them in the ship, but as soon as the ship was empty, he left it and went on shore; and as he left, in the twinkling of an eye, the ship broke into two pieces."
90:. Supposedly caught in extremely rough weather, which made the King and his entourage fear for their lives, Edward made a vow to the Virgin Mary promising to found an abbey in her name if they were saved. Almost immediately, says the chronicler, the seas calmed, and the ships returned peacefully to England. The moment the last man had stepped ashore, the chronicler continues, the storm broke out again, more violent than ever, and Edward's ship was smashed on the harbour. However, these dates do not fit with what is known: King Edward only went on crusade once, in 1270, not returning until his father
110:
261:
convents around the country to donate theological works to the new establishment that—Henry's appeal said—Edward had by then "begun to found". Whatever the precise year of the monks' arrival at
Darnhall, they do not seem to have been welcome from the start. By 1275, the Abbey's feudal tenantry in Darnhall village tried to withdraw the services and customs the Abbey claimed from them. This was only the beginning of a
1472:
361:
345:. Although Walter's dates are so vague as to allow for nothing more precise than the end of Henry III's reign, he may have been succeeded by an Abbot Henry (surname also unknown). Due to the sheer lack of evidence for Henry's existence, it is likely that Henry was a scribal error for Walter, and that in fact, the first Abbot was the only one until around 1273. Either way, by the time the next Abbot,
1262:
151:
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135:
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117:
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103:, has, however, noted a crusader connection for Edward's new foundation. The first charter concerned with the project is dated four years' earlier than the foundation charter, in August 1270. This was just before Edward left on crusade, so it is likely that he founded it as a request—not for rescue, but for protection in the future.
69:. The site chosen for the Abbey at Darnhall was discovered to be unfit for its purpose. Money was short, as Edward did not provide enough for the original foundation, but the Abbey was allowed to trade wool to augment its finances. The Abbey relocated a few miles north, and what remained of Darnhall Abbey became the
419:
The chronicler describes the train of events in some detail: "while was on his way to
England, accompanied by a great concourse of people, storms suddenly arose at sea, the ship's rigging was all torn to pieces in a moment, and the crew were helpless and unable to do anything. Utterly despairing of
309:
Soon after 1275, it was decided that
Darnhall Abbeys' location was unsuitable, for a now-unknown reason. King Edward allowed the monks to choose a new one (anywhere "out of all the kingdom of England"). They did not, though, move far: four miles only. They chose their new site near Darnhall, called
260:
Edward was in no rush to complete the Abbey, although any plans he had in 1263 were postponed by the Barons' War, which involved several periods of both imprisonment and warfare for Edward. But even eight years later, in 1271, his father King Henry III was still appealing for other abbeys and
94:
died in 1272. By this time, of course, Darnhall Abbey's foundation charter had already been granted. This charter did indeed make mention of the King being at "sometime in danger upon the sea", and it has been suggested by a recent biographer of the King, that it refers to a stormy
65:(later King Edward I) sometime in the years around 1270. This was in thanks, so tells the Abbey's chronicler, for God saving him and his fleet from a storm at sea. It was dedicated to St Mary. It only existed for a short time before it moved to the better-known
301:), ready for examination and preparation by a merchant's agent (for whom of course the Abbey had to supply board and lodging). The wool was finally transported to a port—again at the Abbey's expense—until being shipped to the Continent.
450:) from outside their own walls, but which had to be of the same quality as the wool they produced. This was emphasised as the wool would be produced by others, not under the direct control of the abbey which would have to sell it.
81:
Edward founded
Darnhall Abbey, dedicated to St Mary, between 1266 and 1272, and its foundation charter is dated 14 January 1274. According to the Abbey's chronicler he decided to do so after returning from the
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has noted, "The temptation to assign a 'foundation' date to any monastic house can be fraught with difficulties and disguises the lengthy nature of the process which led to any one settlement".
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203:), and it seems that a group was in residence at Darnhall from around 1268. Dore was probably chosen because, from 1264 to 1265, the young Lord Edward was imprisoned there by
1216:
915:
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262:
257:. Although the Abbey was originally intended to house 100 monks, the endowment was insufficient to afford this number, and thirty monks became the standard.
1137:
827:
Denton, J. (1992). "From the
Foundation of Vale Royal Abbey to the Statute of Carlisle: Edward I and Ecclesiastical Patronage". In P. R. Coss (ed.).
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Sir James Ramsay was even more specific, dating the particular crossing involved to between
Christmas and New Years, 1263, when he sailed from
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This was an anachronism by the author—who was probably writing in the early 1330s—as the first Prince of Wales (the later
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275:"...The decision to found a great Cistercian house gave protection, and also renown, in his international venture.
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was the Abbey's primary source of income. In 1275, for example, the abbey was authorised to gather twelve sacks of
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1411:
1085:
331:
1091:
235:
808:
Burton, J. (2013). "TransitIon and
Transformation: The Benedictine Houses". In Burton, J.; Stöber, K. (eds.).
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of the new foundation. There was probably only ever one Abbot of
Darnhall before the Abbey relocated in 1275.
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Mediaeval
Cheshire: An Economic and Social History of Cheshire in the Reigns of the Three Edwards
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86:. In the chronicler's romantic, (but "conventional") story, the King made his vow when he was
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50, hence the subsequent suggestion by historians that there was an Abbot Henry after Walter.
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338:. There are almost no references to him by contemporaries, except one brief mention in the
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The monks were allowed to choose the site upon which to build Edward's new Abbey. As its
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951:
The Dawn of the Constitution: Or, the Reigns of Henry III and Edward I (A.D. 1216-137)
831:. Thirteenth Century England. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 123–139.
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Thirteenth Century England IV: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1991
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Wetenhalewes, four miles to the north of its original site. The new Abbey was named
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349:, was consecrated in 1275, the Abbey of Darnhall had relocated to Vale Royal.
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793:. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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This was wool that monastic houses were authorised to collect (hence,
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Monks were brought from other, generally nearby, abbeys (particularly
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ahead of his father, who is known to have travelled on 2 January 1264
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479:
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50:
31:
899:. Yale English Monarchs. London: University of California Press.
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314:. What remained of the Darnhall buildings became Vale Royal's
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36:
Possibly contemporary portrait of Darnhall Abbey's founder,
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The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales, 1216–1377
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607:
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924:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. Archived from
556:
554:
552:
987:
V. C. H. (1980). Elrington, C. R.; Harris, B. E. (eds.).
474:
Although Walter is, confusingly, referred to as Henry in
410:) was not born until 1284 and not made Prince until 1301.
334:, whose tenure was during the last years of the reign of
218:, the Abbey was granted the site of the establishment in
880:. Yale English Monarchs. London: Yale University Press.
972:. Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
539:
537:
535:
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812:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 21–37.
989:"Houses of Cistercian monks: The abbey of Vale Royal"
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995:. A History of the County of Chester, III. London.
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Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain, 1000-1300
293:(as good as that collected by their nearest rival,
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678:
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871:. Digital Exposure of English Place-names (DEEP).
745:Bell, A. R.; Brooks, C.; Dryburgh, P. R. (2007).
869:The Historical Gazatteer of England's Placenames
265:that was to continue for the next half-century.
273:
1210:
1179:Dispute between Darnhall and Vale Royal Abbey
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375:Dispute between Darnhall and Vale Royal Abbey
8:
850:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
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772:. Manchester: Manchester Record Society.
753:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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285:For the few years of its operation, the
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966:Smith, C. M.; London, V. C. M. (2001).
921:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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749:The English Wool Market, c.1230–1327
953:. London: Oxford University Press.
770:The Ledger Book of Vale Royal Abbey
1284:Chester, St John the Baptist Abbey
999:from the original on 16 April 2015
25:
27:Medieval English Cistercian Abbey
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810:Monastic Wales: New Approaches
459:Vale Royal is recorded in the
46:was a late-thirteenth century
1:
863:Historical Gazatteer (2014).
188:Darnhall Abbey – orange.
942:UK public library membership
865:"Vale Royal, Valeroyal Park"
181:Vale Royal abbey –green
768:Brownbill, J., ed. (1914).
1518:
1502:Abbots of Vale Royal Abbey
1317:Chester Friars of the Sack
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1412:Chester Franciscan Friary
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691:Historical Gazatteer 2014
465:under this name, in 1279.
462:Calendar of Charter Rolls
236:East Riding of Yorkshire
18:Henry, Abbot of Darnhall
1497:Monasteries in Cheshire
1226:Monasteries in Cheshire
993:Victoria County History
631:Smith & London 2001
99:crossing in the 1260s.
949:Ramsay, J. H. (1908).
916:"Edward I (1239–1307)"
914:Prestwich, M. (2004).
895:Prestwich, M. (1988).
846:Hewitt, H. J. (1929).
330:of Darnhall was named
277:
234:, and Langwith in the
40:
1309:Brothers of Penitence
876:Phillips, S. (2011).
35:
174:Chester – red.
165:class=notpageimage|
1477:Cheshire portal
1394:Chester Blackfriars
1335:Chester Whitefriars
1184:Abbot of Vale Royal
785:Burton, J. (1994).
1417:Chester Greyfriars
1128:Richard of Evesham
1118:Walter of Hereford
1111:Fourteenth century
1102:Walter of Hereford
1079:Thirteenth century
645:, p. 104 n.1.
513:, pp. 156–65.
322:Abbots of Darnhall
209:Second Barons' War
41:
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1294:Curzon Park Abbey
1192:
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1152:Fifteenth century
979:978-1-139-42892-7
940:(Subscription or
906:978-0-520-06266-5
887:978-0-300-17802-9
838:978-0-85115-325-4
819:978-1-78316-029-7
800:978-0-521-37797-3
760:978-1-139-46780-3
720:, pp. 20–23.
657:, pp. 51–52.
575:, pp. 85–87.
205:Simon de Montfort
101:Michael Prestwich
16:(Redirected from
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1123:John of Hoo
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667:Burton 1994
643:Hewitt 1929
597:Ramsay 1908
544:Denton 1992
523:Burton 2013
476:Harleian MS
207:during the
63:Lord Edward
1491:Categories
1404:Franciscan
1345:Cistercian
944:required.)
490:References
343:plea rolls
326:The first
312:Vale Royal
295:Dore Abbey
287:wool trade
238:, and the
201:Dore Abbey
195:Beginnings
77:Foundation
48:Cistercian
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1386:Dominican
1327:Carmelite
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778:920602912
252:Ashbourne
248:Weaverham
240:advowsons
216:endowment
92:Henry III
997:Archived
897:Edward I
856:29897341
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353:See also
291:collecta
244:Frodsham
232:Cheshire
228:Darnhall
142:Darnhall
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1453:Unknown
1159:Stephen
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340:Chester
305:Closure
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381:Notes
328:Abbot
51:abbey
1005:2018
974:ISBN
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