352:, which they would later explore on their way to Lake Albert. In an attempt to get supplies of food, they landed on the island of Bumbireh. The local inhabitants alternated peace talks with thefts and threats, and stole their canoe paddles. Ultimately the crew escaped, killing some locals in the process. Later Stanley wrote that he killed 10 (and elsewhere 14) in his dispatches to newspapers. This would later be used to traduce his character as a ruthless killer. Why he misstated the number of deaths is not clear; his biographer Tim Jeal has tried to clarify.
28:
551:, 1,235 miles (1,988 km) downstream from Nyangwe, a series of 32 falls and rapids with a fall of 1,100 feet (340 m) over 155 miles (249 km). On March 16 they started the descent of the falls, which cost numerous lives, including those of Frank Pocock and Kalulu, his England-educated servant. On 30 July, Stanley stated, "We drew our boat and canoes into a sandy-edged basin in the low rocky terrace, and proceeded to view the cataract of
393:
489:
368:
418:
314:
359:, and Burton). Stanley had spent 57 days exploring Lake Victoria. His detailed measurements and descriptions led to a major revision of its geography. He established that the Kagera River was its main inflow, and that it was 4,093 feet (1,248 m) above sea level, with a maximum depth of 275 feet (84 m).
562:
On August 3 they reached the village of Nsanda. From there
Stanley sent forward four trusted men to Boma with letters in English, French and Spanish, asking them to send food for his starving people. On August 6 relief came, being sent by representatives from the Liverpool trading firm Hatton &
375:
Stanley intended to explore Lake Albert next. However, war between Uganda and Wavuma forced him either to "renounce the project of exploring the Albert, and proceed at once to the
Tanganika...or to wait patiently until the war was over." After the war ended with an Ugandan victory, however, his
404:
on the shore of Lake
Tanganyika, the village where Stanley had famously met Livingstone a few years before. Their objective was to survey the lake, seeking inlets and outlets. By July 31 the 930 miles (1,500 km) of the lake perimeter was charted. Its main outlet was found to be the
496:
Stanley was then attacked by the Urangi and then the
Marunja, both of whom possessed Portuguese muskets. His thirty-first fight along the river was with the Bangala on February 14, facing 63 canoes and 315 muskets. On February 18 they reached the confluence of the
457:, and Tippu Tip kept pace on the eastern shore. They traversed through the lands of the cannibal Wenya. Though he attempted to negotiate a peaceful thoroughfare, the tribes were wary as their only experience of outsiders was of slave traders. They reached
566:
Most probably (Stanley's own publications give inconsistent figures), he lost 132 people through disease, hunger, drowning, killing and desertion. Some 18 deserted, a low figure given the dangers of the country they had crossed.
480:
on
February 1 and then the land of the Bemberri cannibals. Finally at the village of Rubunga, they were able to enter into a blood-brotherhood with the natives. Here Stanley learned that the river was called
425:
The final objective was to determine whether the
Lualaba River fed the Nile, the Congo or even the Niger. On August 25, 1876, Stanley left Ujiji with an expedition of 132, crossing the lake westward to
476:. It took them until January 28 to reach the end of the falls, sometimes passing overland and having to defend themselves from attacks by the cannibal natives. Stanley reached the confluence of the
575:
In Boma he mailed his editor
Bennett in New York to send money for his party and arrange homeward travel. He also learned through his publisher that his fiancée Alice had married another man.
60:
355:
On May 5, the party arrived back in
Kagehyi and rejoined the main group. In the meantime Barker had died of disease, as had Mabuki Speke (who was on earlier travels with Livingstone, Speke,
273:, an African he had taken to England on his earlier trip and who was educated briefly in England. He also took 60 pounds of cloth, copper wire and beads (Sami Sami) for trading, a
563:
Cookson. August 9 they reached Boma, 999 days since leaving
Zanzibar on November 12, 1874. The party then consisted of 115 people, including three children born during the trip.
446:
in 1874. However
Stanley reached a contract with Tippu Tip, in which they agreed to accompany each other for "sixty marches-each march of four hours' duration." They reached
465:" with the natives and peace ensued. Tippu Tip left Stanley at this point, while Stanley departed downstream on December 28 with 149 men, women and children on 23 canoes.
453:
The party left Nyangwe overland and entered the dense Matimba forest on November 6. On November 19 they reached the Lualaba again where Stanley proceeded downstream with
158:
at the mouth of the Congo in the west. The expedition resolved several open questions concerning the geography of Central Africa, including identifying the source of the
53:
348:
would be an ideal country to establish missions and for European trade. On April 21 Stanley's party headed further southward. First they reached the inlet of the
559:, Stanley stated, "I saw no reason to follow it farther, or to expend the little remaining vitality we possessed in toiling through the last four cataracts."
297:
after his fiancée. In Zanzibar he recruited African porters to a total of 230 people, including 36 women and 10 boys. He recruited mainly from the Wangwana,
601:
In articles about his discoveries he urged Western powers to organise trade with Central Africa and reduce the slave trade in the interior. Stanley's book
223:
thought that Lake Victoria might have a southern inlet, possibly from Lake Albert, meaning that the source of the Nile was not Lake Victoria as explorer
46:
89:
442:
based his source of slaves here. Also, Livingstone had witnessed a massacre of Africans here and did not succeed in getting any further. Nor had
84:
174:. In his publications, Stanley described greeting him with the famous words: "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?", but his report in this is disputed.
556:
155:
823:
170:
This was Stanley's second journey in central Africa. In 1871–72 he had searched for and successfully found the missionary and explorer
472:(called Stanley Falls for some time after), consisting of seven cataracts spanning 60 miles (97 km), and the confluence of the
537:
340:, the only outlet of the lake, which had been identified as the source of the Nile by Speke. He was received as a royal guest by
231:
thought that Lake Albert might have an inlet from Lake Tanganyika. Livingstone thought that Lualaba was the source of the Nile.
219:
There was controversy among earlier explorers as to whether these lakes and rivers were connected to each other and the Nile.
735:
727:
70:
862:
17:
253:
newspapers, Stanley he was expected to write dispatches for them. He subsequently wrote a book of his experiences,
104:
892:
887:
872:
241:
902:
897:
528:
chief and Itsi, chief of the Ntamo, forming a blood-brotherhood. This is the site of the present day cities
269:. He took with him three young Englishmen, Frederick Barker and the brothers Francis and Edward Pocock, and
877:
867:
220:
325:. They explored and named Speke Bay, after the first European to see the lake. They also discovered the
541:
443:
882:
409:
on the western shore. The depth of the lake was measured to be in excess of 1,280 feet (390 m).
356:
341:
194:
127:
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245:
114:
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on December 5, 1876, but it was not until they reached Vinya-Njara that Stanley could conclude a "
282:
438:
and the Lualaba River. Entering Manyema, they were in a lawless area containing cannibal tribes.
224:
819:
731:
723:
548:
392:
171:
99:
485:, proving to him that he had reached the Congo, and that the Lualaba did not feed the Nile.
27:
298:
290:
236:
201:
139:
598:
for home, being carried on his men's shoulders to the longboat ferrying him to the ship.
587:
321:
On March 8 Stanley, with ten sailors and a steersman, left his camp site near Kageghi in
517:
with the Congo on March 9. This was the location of their thirty-second and last fight.
333:, he was attacked by Wavuma people in canoes but escaped after firing at his attackers.
843:
579:
509:, where they were welcomed by the king of Chumbiri. They reached the confluence of the
498:
330:
131:
856:
477:
462:
212:
187:
143:
135:
488:
367:
162:, which he proved was not the Lualaba and is in fact the source of the Congo River.
510:
473:
469:
406:
349:
326:
286:
228:
205:
533:
525:
521:
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435:
417:
337:
147:
431:
313:
722:
Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One
439:
274:
289:(s), and the parts of a 40-foot (12 m) boat with single sail built by
645:
605:, describing his journey, was published in 1878 and was a great success.
552:
529:
266:
151:
38:
594:, arriving on November 26. On December 13, Stanley left Zanzibar on SS
447:
427:
381:
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278:
583:
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502:
270:
32:
487:
458:
416:
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312:
26:
468:
On January 6, 1877, after 400 miles (640 km), they reached
159:
94:
586:, Angola, arriving on September 28. From there they went on to
42:
371:
Albert Edward Nyanza. The black line indicate Stanley's route.
430:, to enter the heart of Africa. In October they reached the
816:
Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa's Greatest Explorer
396:
Lake Tanganyika. The black line indicates Stanley's route.
317:
Victoria Nyanza. The black line indicates Stanley's route.
18:
Henry Morton Stanley's first trans-Africa exploration
833:
Richard, Richard Stanley & Neame, Alan, eds. (1961).
582:, arriving on August 12. Eventually the party went to
150:
rivers. He covered 7,000 miles (11,000 km) from
492:
Stanley's route is depicted by the solid black line.
336:On April 4 he landed on the northern bank near the
35:in the "suit he wore" when he found Livingstone.
182:Stanley's journey had four principal aims, to:
590:on October 21, and finally Zanzibar, via HMS
54:
8:
520:On March 12, they reached Stanley Pool (now
204:, determining the direction of flow of the
718:
716:
714:
712:
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708:
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265:On September 21, 1874, Stanley arrived in
61:
47:
39:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
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421:The black line indicates Stanley's route.
835:The Exploration Diaries of H.M. Stanley
614:
524:). Here Stanley met with Mankoneh, the
197:and its inflowing and outflowing rivers
190:and its inflowing and outflowing rivers
400:On May 27, 1876, the party arrived in
31:Stanley posing later (in London) with
644:(in Dutch). Vol. 17. Amsterdam:
281:, compasses, photographic equipment,
95:The search for the source of the Nile
7:
791:Jeal, 2007 p. 199; February 7, 1877
25:
309:Circumnavigation of Lake Victoria
555:." Only five days' journey from
538:Democratic Republic of the Congo
842:Stanley, Henry Morton (1878).
621:Jeal 2007, pp. 157–219 passim.
505:. By February 26 they reached
240:—at the instigation of editor
215:downstream towards its outflow
1:
818:. London: Faber & Faber.
640:"Stanley, Sir Henry Morton".
110:First trans-Africa expedition
547:Further downstream were the
329:inlet in the south. Passing
277:, watches and chronometers,
208:at the north end of the lake
376:expedition was thwarted by
919:
845:Through the Dark Continent
603:Through the Dark Continent
501:and were able to trade at
255:Through the Dark Continent
105:Second Zambesi expedition
80:
413:Rivers Lualaba and Congo
242:James Gordon Bennett Jr.
166:Previous African journey
134:east to west, exploring
100:First Zambesi expedition
782:Jeal, 2007 pp. 188–219.
773:Jeal, 2007 pp. 185–187.
764:Jeal, 2007 pp. 180–184.
746:Jeal, 2007 pp. 171–183.
674:Jeal, 2007 pp. 157–164.
630:Jeal 2007, pp. 117–120.
234:Being sponsored by the
493:
422:
397:
372:
318:
301:and coast people from
126:Between 1874 and 1877
36:
650:would have said (nl:
542:Republic of the Congo
491:
420:
395:
370:
344:. Stanley wrote that
316:
72:Exploration of Africa
30:
863:Henry Morton Stanley
342:Muteesa I of Buganda
128:Henry Morton Stanley
578:They left Boma for
115:Scramble for Africa
814:Jeal, Tim (2007).
800:Jeal, 2007 p. 217.
755:Jeal, 2007 p. 178.
665:Jeal, 2007 p. 164.
536:, capitals of the
494:
423:
398:
373:
319:
293:. He named it the
37:
825:978-0-571-22102-8
549:Livingstone Falls
463:blood-brotherhood
172:David Livingstone
123:
122:
90:Roman expeditions
16:(Redirected from
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652:zou hebben geuit
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21:
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893:1870s in Africa
888:New York Herald
873:Lake Tanganyika
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450:on October 28.
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388:Lake Tanganyika
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311:
291:James Messenger
263:
250:Daily Telegraph
237:New York Herald
202:Lake Tanganyika
180:
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154:in the east to
140:Lake Tanganyika
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85:Nero expedition
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499:Ikelemba River
483:Ikuta ya Kongo
444:Vernon Cameron
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380:, king of the
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331:Ukerewe Island
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221:Richard Burton
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642:Winkler Prins
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478:Aruwimi River
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213:Lualaba River
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188:Lake Victoria
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136:Lake Victoria
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588:Simon's Town
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511:Lefini River
495:
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474:Lomami River
470:Boyoma Falls
467:
454:
452:
424:
407:Lukuga River
399:
374:
354:
350:Kagera River
335:
327:Simiyu River
322:
320:
294:
287:elephant gun
264:
261:Preparations
254:
249:
246:
235:
233:
229:Samuel Baker
227:had argued.
218:
211:Explore the
206:Ruzizi River
181:
169:
125:
109:
883:Congo River
730:, Vol. Two
534:Brazzaville
522:Pool Malebo
515:Kasai River
436:Luama River
363:Lake Albert
357:James Grant
338:Ripon Falls
285:rifles and
195:Lake Albert
857:Categories
808:References
736:0486256685
728:0486256677
455:Lady Alice
432:confluence
323:Lady Alice
299:Wanyamwezi
295:Lady Alice
225:John Speke
178:Objectives
440:Tippu Tip
275:barometer
130:traveled
648:. 1973.
646:Elsevier
596:Pachumba
592:Industry
553:Isangila
540:and the
530:Kinshasa
513:and the
378:Kabarega
267:Zanzibar
200:Explore
193:Explore
186:Explore
152:Zanzibar
142:and the
580:Kabinda
448:Nyangwe
434:of the
428:Manyema
382:Bunyoro
346:Buganda
303:Mombasa
279:sextant
144:Lualaba
822:
734:
726:
584:Luanda
571:Return
526:Bateke
507:Bolobo
503:Ikengo
283:Snider
271:Kalulu
33:Kalulu
609:Notes
459:Kindu
402:Ujiji
244:—and
148:Congo
820:ISBN
732:ISBN
724:ISBN
557:Boma
532:and
160:Nile
156:Boma
146:and
247:The
859::
679:^
544:.
384:.
305:.
257:.
138:,
848:.
837:.
828:.
654:)
62:e
55:t
48:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
